Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Jennifer Holmgren
UOP LLC
The International Conference on Biorefinery October 6-7, 2009 Syracuse, New York
2009 UOP LLC. All rights reserved.
UOP Overview
Leading supplier and licensor of processing technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries. UOP Technology Furnishes: 60% of the worlds gasoline; 85% of the worlds biodegradable detergents; 60% of the worlds para-xylene. 2003 National Medal of 3400 employees worldwide. Technology Recipient 2008 Financials: $1.9 billion in sales. Strong relationships with leading refining and petrochemical customers worldwide. UOPs innovations enabled lead removal from gasoline, the production of biodegradable detergents, the first commercial catalytic converter for automobiles.
Agenda
Global Context Our Vision Technology Solutions Life Cycle Analysis Summary
Fossil fuels are expected to supply 83% of energy and 95% of liquid transportation needs Biofuels are expected to grow at 8-12%/year to ~2.0 MBPD
Alcohol Etherification
Isobutane Alkylation
Sulfur
Iso-octane
Isomerate LPG
H2
Flue Gas
Reformate
(Topping)
Aromatics Production
BTX
Gasoline Gasoline, Naphtha, Middle Distillates, Gasoline Kerosene and Jet Fuels Diesel and Heating Oils Lube Oil Production Heavy Fuel Oil Asphalt Gasification Lube Oils
Hydrocracking
Lube Oils
Diesel Coking Natural Gas Environmental Controls Energy Conservation & Management (Power Production) Plant Maintenance/ Reliability/ Safety Plant Upgrades & Revamps
Gas-to-Liquids
Refining: ~100 years ~750 refineries ~85M BBL of crude refined daily ~50M BBL transport fuels; ~6M BBL of aviation fuel (~250 M gallons/day; 90 B gallons/year) Complex but efficient conversion processes
Fuel, Wax
H2
2008
Not all biofuels are good Concern for food chain impact & competition for land/water Measured biofuel adoption Utilization of LCA analysis to qualify: link to GHG, energy, sustainability Bio feedstocks tracking energy prices Government mandates/ incentives increasingly technology neutral Emphasis on real biofuels
2009 Credit Crisis: Stimulus focused on Green Tech UOP Position Emphasis on life cycle analysis as a way of measuring sustainability Ensure technology is feedstock flexible Focus on 2nd generation technologies Create partnerships between feedstock suppliers and fuel producers
Oxygenated Biofuels
Ethanol Biodiesel
Renewable Energy
Fuel & Fuel & Power Power
Hydrocarbon Biofuels
Diesel Jet Gasoline
First Generation
Second Generation
Lignocellulosic biomass, algal oils
Getting There
Lignocellulosic Algal Efficiency
Reduction in Climate Active CO2 Equivalents
Technology
Sustainability
Biofuels Sustainability
Distributed
Standards
Supply Chain
World Trade
Feedstock Availability
Agenda
Global Context Our Vision Technology Solutions Life Cycle Analysis Summary
= UOP Areas
Fermentation Dehydration
Products
Ethanol
Distillers Grain
Starches
Enzyme Conversion
C5 / C6 Sugars
Acid or Enzyme Hydrolysis Direct Conversion
CO2
Renewable Energy
Green Gasoline
H2O
Pyrolysis/Thermal Depolymerization
Lights
Hydrotreating
oil Bio-
Gasification
ng Sy
as
Green Diesel/Jet
FCC Hydrotreating
Transesterification
Current biofuel market based on sugars & oils. Use bridging feedstocks to get to 2nd Generation Feeds: Algae & Lignocellulosics
H3C
CH3
UOP Catalyst
Natural oils contain oxygen, have high UOP Catalyst H2 molecular weight. First reaction removes oxygen product CH3 CH 3 is diesel range waxy paraffins CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 Second reaction cracks diesel paraffins H3C + Synthetic Paraffinic to smaller, highly branched molecules Kerosene CH3 H3C End product is same as molecules already CH3CH3 + present in aviation fuel CH3 H3C End product is independent of starting oil
+
Methanol Natural Oil/ Grease
+
Hydrogen
+ Propane
Performance Comparison
Green Diesel -10 to 0 75-90 Excellent Excellent
Petrodiesel NOx Cetane Cold Flow Properties Oxidative Stability Baseline 40-55 Baseline Baseline
Description
Flash Point, oC Freezing Point, oC JFTOT@300oC
Filter dP, mmHg Tube Deposit Less Than
Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg Viscosity, -20 deg C, mm2/sec Sulfur, ppm
Production Viability Demonstrated Fuel Samples from Different Sources Meet Key Properties
Specification Properties
FRL 4.2
Fit-For-Purpose Properties
FRL 6.1
ASTM Review & Ballot
Component/Rig Testing
FRLs 6.2 & 6.3
Engine/APU Testing
FRL 6.4
Accept
Reject
Re-Eval As Required
ASTM Specification
ASTM ASTM Research Research Report Report OEM Review & Approval
Federal Aviation Administration
ASTM Specification
D7566
Blend Comps Criteria and Blend % Limits Annex 1 Annex 3 50% Other Adv Hydprossd Other Adv Fuels or SPK Fuel Fuels or Processes Blends Processes Annex 2
Av Turbine Fuel Containing Syn HCs
Body of Spec Applies to Finished Semi-Synthetic Fuel Annex for Each Class of Synthetic Blending Component Allow Re-Certification to D1655 Annex 1
Hydroprocessed SPK
Includes 50% FT Fuel SPK from Lipids expected in 2010
Table 1
Blended Fuel Performance Properties
17
Wild Algae
Low Production Costs
EcofiningTM
Electricity Production
Available Today
Biomass
Fast Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis Oil
Mixed Woods
Conversion to Transport Fuels Demonstrated in Lab Collaboration with DOE, USDA, PNNL, NREL
Leading process technology licensor ~$2 billion in sales, 3000 employees Co-inventor of FCC technology Modular process unit supplier Global reach via Honeywell & UOP sales channels
Over 20 years of commercial fast pyrolysis operating experience Developers of innovative RTPTM fast pyrolysis process Eight commercial RTP units designed and operated
Second Generation Renewable Energy Company Global Reach Envergent Technologies 2009
Solid Biomass
Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Bark Softwood Bark Corn Fiber Bagasse Waste Paper
70 75 70 80 60 65 55 65 65 75 70 75 60 80
Feedstock Sources
Forestry and Pulp and Paper
Wood chips, sawdust, bark Forestry residues
Agricultural
Residues corn stover, expended fruit bunches from palm (EFB), bagasse Purpose-grown energy crops miscanthus, elephant grass
Post-consumer
Construction and Demolition Waste, Categories 1&2 Municipal solid waste (future)
DoE study 2005 - > 1 billion ton per year available in United States alone Cellulosic Feedstocks Widely Available
Feed Handling
RTP
Storage
Note: design basis for wood based plants assumes feedstocks with 6 Wt% moisture content.
Envergent Video
Value
15 min
Test Method
ASTM D240
Stainless steel piping, tankage and equipment required due to acidity Requires separate storage from fossil fuels
ASTM D4052 ASTM 4294 ASTM 482 ASTM D93, Procedure B ASTM D97
RTP Unit
Gas Turbine
Electricity CHP
Diesel Engine Optimized UOP Upgrading Technology Green Gasoline, Green Diesel & Green Jet Hydrocracking/ Dewaxing
Gasification
Syngas
Fischer Tropsch
Compatible with specialized turbines Specialized burner tips improve flame/burning Convert to steam to use existing infrastructure Use as a blend in diesel engines Upgradable to hydrocarbon fuels
Creating Biorefineries
Ecofining
Palm Oil
Overcome EFB logistics limitation Palm Oil GHG reduction Expand business opportunities vs. direct firing RTP Pyrolysis Cost competitive with fossil fuel oil
Agenda
Global Context Our Vision Technology Solutions Life Cycle Analysis Summary
Hydrogen
Greenhouse Gases
LUC Error Bar
0 0 Kerosene
g CO2 eq./MJ
60
5000
gCO2 eq/MJ
80 60 40 20 0
Petroleum Crude Oil Hard Coal
120 100
gCO2 eq/MJ
80 60 40 20 0
Petroleum Fuel Oil Hard Coal Natural Gas
Pyrolysis Oil Life Cycle foot print Greener than other alternatives Carbon neutral combustion emission 70-88% lower GHG emissions SOx emissions similar to Natural Gas
Fuel Dispensing Fuel Distribution & Storage Fuel Production Feedstock Transmission Feedstock Recovery Land-use Changes, Cultivation Fertilizer Manufacture Gas Leaks & Flares CO2, H2S Removed from NG Emissions Displaced Sub-total Fuel Production Fuel Combustion Grand Total % Change Compared to Heating Oil
402 698 8,412 1,401 8,081 25 0 1,900 0 -128 20,790 68,718 89,508
g CO2eq/GJ 0 2,063 1,376 0 1,708 0 0 3,540 642 0 9,330 50,432 60,762 -32.1%
Canadian Scenario Sawmill Residues RTP unit located at sawmill site Feed Transportation Distance = 0
Achieving Sustainability
Renewables are going to make up an increasing share of the future fuels pool
Multitude of bioprocessing approaches possible Fungible biofuels are here Essential to overlay sustainability criteria
Proven technology available today can efficiently convert natural oils to green diesel and green jet fuel and residual biomass to power
Wide spread implementation requires creation of a credible supply chain Availability of sustainable feedstocks is a key enabler Market pull required to accelerate implementation
Important to promote technology neutral and performance based standards and directives to avoid standardization on old technology
Acknowledgements
AFRL
Robert Allen John Datko Tim Edwards Don Minus
Ensyn
Robert Graham Barry Freel Stefan Muller
Sandia
Ron Pate Warren Cox Peter Kobos William Fogleman
GE
Steve Csonka Mike Epstein
Sapphire
Brian Goodall Kulinda Davis
Aquaflow
Paul Dorrington Nick Gerritsen
Solazyme
Harrison F. Dillon Anthony G. Day
Boeing
Billy Glover James Kinder Mike Henry Darrin Morgan Tim Rahmes Dale Smith
Japan Airlines
Takuya Ishibashi Koichiro Nagayama Yasunori Abe
Sustainable Oils
Scott Johnson
Cargill
Bruce Resnick Michael Kennedy Ian Purdle
Targeted Growth
Tom Todaro
Nikki Universal
Yasushi Fujii Masaru Marui
Honeywell / UOP
Amar Anumakonda Roy Bertola Andrea Bozzano Tim Brandvold Michelle Cohn Graham Ellis Tom Kalnes DOE Joseph Kocal Project DE-FG36-05GO15085 Steve Lupton Paul Grabowski Mike McCall DARPA Prabhakar Nair Project W911NF-07-C-0049 Sunny Nguyen Dr. Douglas Kirkpatrick Randy Williams
CFM
Gurhan Andac
NREL
Richard Bain
Continental Airlines
Gary LeDuc Leah Raney George Zombanakis
PNNL
Doug Elliot Don Stevens
ENI
Giovanni Faraci Franco Baldiraghi Giuseppe Bellussi
Rolls Royce
Chris Lewis
Teekkr ederim
Thank You Gum xia Obrigado Kiitos Merci Tawdi Terima kasih Sha sha Ang kun
Gracias
Maulanenga Aachaykin Efcharisto Hvala Ookini Dekoju Danyavad Spasibo Grazie Ngiyabonga
Dhannvaad
Giittus Shukran
Ksznm
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