1.

Ice Protection
- General - System Description

2. Rain Removal
- System Description

3. Controls and Indicators

general

The ice protection system enables unrestricted operation of the aircraft in icing conditions. This system protects the aircraft against ice by using: Hot bleed air for: Engine anti-ice Wing anti-ice. Electrical power for: Window heating Water/waste drain masts heating Probe heating. An ice detection system enables the automatic activation and deactivation of the wing and engine anti-ice. The flight crew can, however, manually activate the antiice system at any time.

System Description
Engine Anti-Ice Each engine has its own anti-ice system: An anti-ice valve on each engine enables the flow of hot air from its compressor to de-ice its air inlet. Wing Anti-Ice Only slat 4 of each wing is de-iced: anti-ice valves enable the hot air to flow from the pneumatic system (Refer to Air Systems). Wing anti-ice is inhibited on ground and during takeoff, until takeoff thrust reduction. Cockpit Window Heating The cockpit windows (windshield and side windows) are electrically heated to prevent icing and to defog. Water/Waste Anti-Ice The water lines are automatically heated to prevent ice formation that could cause damage and/or obstruction of the water lines. Probe Heating The aircraft probes are electrically heated to prevent

icing.

Ice Detection
The ice detection system has two ice detectors that measure ice accretion. If icing or severe icing conditions exist, the ice detectors automatically activate the anti-ice system and provide this information to the flight crew. Two visual ice indicators provide the flight crew with a visual backup to the ice detection system. Anti-ice Activation Modes The anti-ice automatic mode activates in flight after takeoff thrust reduction. It operates as follows: The engine anti-ice activates if at least one ice detector detects icing conditions The wing anti-ice also activates if at least one ice detector subsequently detects severe icing conditions Both engine and wing anti-ice turn off if none of the ice detectors detect ice for approximately two minutes.

System Description
Wipers
The Captain and First Officer windshields each have a two-speed electric wiper. The wipers can be used during taxi, takeoff, holding, approach and landing. Rain Repellent (optional) A rain repellent fluid can be sprayed on the surface of the windshields to improve visibility in moderate to heavy rain conditions.