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5 NUCLEIC ACIDS
1.1 WATER
OBJECTIVES Explain the structure of water molecule. Describe the properties of water and its importance.
medium for enzymatic reactions solvent for polar molecules medium for exchange of
respiratory gases
external fertilization
bipolar molecule
opposite ends of water
molecule have opposite charges oxygen: partial negative charge;
hydrogen:
hydrogen bond
hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but strong enough to hold water molecules together each molecule will form hydrogen bond to a maximum of four water molecules
PROPERTIES OF WATER
AS UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
surround
sodium and chloride
separate
and avoid them from each other
as lubricant
i.e. lubricates peristaltic movement of food bolus in esophagus
in the sea for aquatic organisms to live act as heat buffer prevent large fluctuation in body temperature of terrestrial organisms
DEFINITION
large amount of heat energy must to turn liquid water into water vapour
latent heat of vaporization for water
be absorbed by 1g of water molecule
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE
evaporation of water in sweat on skin, or in transpiration from green leaves or panting in animals e.g. dog
causes the cooling effect because the escaping molecules
take a lot of energy with them
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE
MAXIMUM DENSITY AT 4C