Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

Ans: 1
ATM (Automatic Teller Machine): An ATM enables a customer to perform their
banking transactions and other basic financial solutions (withdrawing or transferring funds, checking balance, mini statements etc.) from almost every other ATM in the world without need of a cashier, human clerk or bank teller. The ATM can trim down long lines inside the bank by providing an alternative of a human teller. If we need cash in the evening, on a holiday the ATM is there to provide so that customers can access the services for 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The concept of the ATM first began in 1968. Don Wetzel was the co-patentee and chief conceptualist of the ATM, an idea he thought of while waiting in line at a Dallas bank. At the time he was the Vice President of Product Planning at Docutel, the company that developed automated baggage-handling equipment. The other two inventors listed on the patent were Tom Barnes, the chief mechanical engineer and George Chastain, the electrical engineer. It took five million dollars to develop the ATM. The first working ATM was installed in a New York based Chemical Bank. [Reference: http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm]

ATM System: In ATM system the user can access their bank accounts in order to
withdraw cash, get a mini statement, check balance, recharge their mobile phones, booking their air-tickets without visit the bank. The ATM will service one customer at a time. To use an ATM we need an ATM card and a PIN number. When insert an ATM card into a card reader, and type PIN number using a keypad on the machine. It asked to choose desire option, for example fast cash, mini-statement, check balance. If you choose the option fast cash, you will see the option of different amounts of money that you can withdraw. You then click on an amount, wait a little while, then your card is returned, then amount and small receipt will be dispensed. Once your withdraw was successful, the amount will be debited in your account.

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

Class: Class is the most essential principle of object oriented programming. Class is a
group of similar objects which share attributes and methods. Class is used to create an object. A class is a blueprint that describes the variables and the methods similar to all objects of a certain type. After created a class, we can create many objects from that class. Each class may have one or more sub/derived classes. The main class is called super/base class. A class contains the description of the data structure and method implementation details for the object. Following are the possible classes for ATM system: Bank: It is the main organization that designs the ATM system and stores all the information about ATM system. ATM: An ATM is a machine where the whole system is loaded. ATM card: An ATM card has a magnetic stripe or chip that contains a unique card number and some security information. ATM card is used to access the ATM system. Customer: Costumer is the main actor of the ATM system because it is developed for the customer. Customer interacts with ATM system. Account: Account kept all information about customer such as customers name, address, acc no, transactions, signature, acc type etc. Card reader: It is a part of ATM where ATM card is inserted by the customer. It checks the validity of card and interacts with customers account. Dispenser: It is also part of ATM that dispenses the cash and receipt before the system stops. Security: To prevent from external threat in ATM system we can use security options like door lock, cc camera, guards etc. Screen: It is the monitor of the ATM Machine that displays options and other information helps to initialize the processes of ATM system. Keypad: It is the keyboard of ATM Machine through which the customer enters PIN or options.

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

Attribute: Attribute is the characteristics or properties or feature of class. It describes the
significance reserved in an object and used by the method of that class. Attribute indicates with nouns. For example in ATM system following can be the classes and their relevant possible attributes: Classes of ATM Bank ATM card Account Customer Card reader Possible Attributes Name, class, branch, head office, telephone etc. Bank, type, card no, exp date etc. Account no, type, holder, signature, balance etc. Name, address, account no, contact etc. ATM, bank, type etc.

Method: Method is the function/activity/action of an attribute. It is also known as

operation which can modify an objects behavior. The services provide by the class is called method. Method indicates with verbs. For example in ATM system following are the classes and their relevant possible methods: Classes of ATM Bank ATM card Account Keypad Card reader Screen Dispenser Possible Methods Deposit(), payment(), createAcc() Withdraw(), chkBal() Verify(), createAcc() giveInput(), Read(), verify(), eject() Display() issueCash(), issueRecpt()

A class, attribute and method are represented as: Class_name Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3 ------------Attribute n Methods( ) 1 Methods( ) 2 -------------Methods( ) n Example: ATM card Card no. Card type Bank Exp date Withdraw() checkBal() printStatement()

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

Object: The programmer can package the data and the program into a single unit is called
object. An object is a collection of variables and related methods. All objects are instance of a class. Object is the value or example of attribute. In ATM system following are the examples of objects and their relevant class: Class of ATM with attributes [ATM card] : Card no. Card type Expire date [Bank] :Name Class Branch Head Office [Customer] :Name Address Account no. History Example of Objects 00662, 02895, 56249, 32564 etc. SCT, VISA, VISA Electron etc. 02-12-2011, 02-09-2011 etc. Everest, Kist, ABC etc. A, B, A etc. Bhaktpur, Pokhara, Birjung etc. Ktm, Sanepa etc. Ram, Hari, Abc etc. Lalitpur, kupondol etc. 0081S, 0055C, 025G etc. Good, bad, excellent, satisfactory etc.

Other examples of objects are: aCustomer, aCard reader, aScreen, aKeypad, aDispenser, aSecurity, anAccount, anATM etc.

In ATM system the objects always interrelate with the class. A customer named Ram has an account on a bank. To withdraw cash from ATM he inserts a card into a card reader and enters PIN using a keypad. The screen initializes and displays the options. A customer enters the desired option such as fast cash. Then the amount is deducted from is account and dispense cash with small receipt. In this way the object is constantly interact with the classes. One example of class object diagram is shown below: ATM card Card no: number Card type: String Bank: String Exp date: Date Void Withdraw() Double checkBal(Acc)

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081) Ans:2

Use Case: Use case diagram is the category of Unified Modeling Language (UML) used
to describe the functional requirements of a system. It shows the purpose of system and interaction with actors. The main purpose of use case is to identify and illustrate the functionality of system in graphical way from actors point of view. Use case represents the goals of system that the actor wants to attain by operationing the system. Use case can offer a step by step breakdown of the interaction between the actor and the system.

Actor: Actor represents the roles that user or other system take on when interacting with the particular use cases in the system. In ATM system there can be two actors: Costumer and Banking System where customer is the primary actor of ATM system because an ATM system is designed for customer.

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

Following are the step-wise processes used in ATM system: Costumer Action 1. Banking System Action

Customer inserts ATM card in the 2. The card reader verifies the card no., bank ID, expire date, card type etc. 3. ATM connects to the specific bank and opens customers account. 4. The ATM asks to the customer to enter PIN number.

ATMs card reader.

5. Customer enters PIN number.

6. The ATM compares the PIN number with the one that is coded on the chip of the ATM card. 7. ATM displays the system defined variety of options.

8. Customer selects an option, suppose Fast 9. The ATM asks the customer to enter the Cash. 10. The customer desired withdrawal amount. enters the desired 11. The ATM checks the amount against the daily withdrawal limit. 12. The ATM system deduct amount (Rs. 5000) from costumers account. 13. ATM system closes that account and returns the card to the customer. 14. Customer takes ATM card. 15. ATM issues cash and a receipt at the same time showing the new balance. 16. Customer takes cash and a receipt.

withdrawal amount suppose Rs.5000

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

Use case diagram of ATM system:

ATM system
Insert card Verify card Open account Ask PIN Enter PIN Customer Verify PIN

Banking System

Enter amount Deduct amount Close account Eject card

Take card Dispense cash

Dispense receipt

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081) Ans: 3

Class diagram of an ATM system: ATM Card Bank Card no. Type Exp date Withdraw( ) CheckBal( ) Withdraw() Screen Account Account no. Type Holder Signature Balance CreateAcc( ) KeepCustInfo() Bank Name Branch Class Head office Telephone Deposit() Payment() Display()
*
1

Card Reader Bank Type

ATM Read() Verify() Eject()

Keypad No of key giveInput()

Dispenser Customer Model Location Dispense() getAcc() Account no. Name

Security

Cash

Receipt Receipt no. Date Time

Camera ProvideInternal Security()

Guard Name ProvideExternal Security()

ProvideCash()

ProvideR()

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

The terms used in above class diagram is explained below: Association: Association is one of the types of class relationship diagram. It shows the link between two classes in class diagram. For example: ATM class is link with Bank. A single line between two classes represents Association. Aggregation: Aggregation shows the partial (not fully) dependent between two classes in class diagram. For example: The class Security is partial dependent with ATM because in the absence of security the ATM system can be operate. The small white diamond symbol represents aggregation.

Generalization: Generalization is the part of inheritance. It is the process of creating super class by taking common attributes and methods. For example: Dispenser is the super class with common attributes model, location and common method dispense(). Dispenser has same attributes and methods of class Cash and Receipt.

Composition: Composition shows the totally dependent between two classes in class diagram. For example: The class ATM is totally dependent with Bank because without bank the ATM system cant operate. The small black diamond symbol represents Composition.

Cardinality: It specifies how many objects of one class related to how many objects of another class. The different types of cardinality are: one-to-one, one-to-many and many-tomany. One is represented as 1 and many is represented as * (asterisk sign) in the class diagram. In above class diagram class ATM card and Card Reader have many-to-one or one-to-many cardinality.

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Purushottam Dangol (1801T3100081)

References:
Internet:  http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm  http://www.indiastudychannel.com/projects/2344-ATM-System-Project.aspx  http://www.math-cs.gordon.edu/courses/cs320/ATM_Example/ClassDiagram.html  http://www.math-cs.gordon.edu/courses/cs211/ATMExample/UseCases.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_case_diagram  http://www.developer.com/design/article.php/2109801/Creating-Use-CaseDiagrams.htm Books:  Object-Oriented Programming, School of Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (2007), Anban Pillay.  OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN With applications, Grady Booch, Rational Santa Clara, California.  Understamding Object- Oriented Programming with JAVA, Timothy Budd (2005)

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