Type 42 destroyer

Type 42 destroyer

HMS Birmingham Class overview Name: Builders: Operators: Preceded by: Succeeded by: In service: Building: Completed: Active: Laid up: Lost: Retired: Type 42 Several different Royal Navy Argentine Navy Type 82 (RN) Sumner class (ARA) Type 45 (RN) Almirante Brown class (ARA) 1975 0 16 4 3 2 4 General characteristics Class and type: Displacement: Guided missile destroyer Batch 1 & 2: [1] 3500long tons (3600t) standard, [1] [2] 4100long tons (4200t) or 4,350tons full load [1] Batch 3: 3500long tons (3600t) standard, [1] [2] 4775long tons (4852t) or 5,350tons full load Batch 1 & 2: 119.5m (392ft) waterline, [1] [2] 125m (412ft) or 125.6m (412ft) overall [1] Batch 3: 132.3m (434feet) waterline, [1] [2] 141.1m (462.8ft) overall Batch 1 & 2: 14.3m (47ft) [1] [2] Batch 3: 14.9m (49ft)
[1] [2] [1]

Length:

Beam:

Type 42 destroyer

2
[1]

Draught:

Batch 1, 2 & 3: 4.2m (13.9ft) keel, [1] [2] 5.8m (19feet) screws 8 50,000 shp

Decks: Installed power: Propulsion:

2 shafts COGOG; 2 x Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B high-speed gas turbines, (50,000shp (37.5MW)) 2 x Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A cruise gas turbines, (8,000shp (6MW)) 30knots (Olympus) 18knots (Tyne) 2
[1] [1]

Speed: Boats and landing craft carried: Complement:

Batch 1 & 2: 253 (inc 24 officers) or 274, accommodation for 312 [1] Batch 3: 301 (inc 26 officers) or 314 [2] Batch 1, 2 & 3: 24 officers and 229 ratings

Sensors and Radar Type 1022/965P air surveillance, processing systems: Radar Type 996/992Q 3-D surveillance, 2 Radar Type 909 GWS-30 fire-control, Radar Type 1007 navigation, Sonar Type 2050 / 2016 search, Sonar Type 162 bottom profiling, Armament:

1 Twin launcher for GWS-30 Sea Dart missiles (22 missiles on batch 1 and 2, 40 missiles on batch 3) 1 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun 2 20mm Phalanx CIWS (not on Argentine ships) 2 Oerlikon / BMARC 20mm L/70 KBA guns in GAM-B01 single mounts 4 MM38 Exocet anti-ship missile launchers (only on Argentine ships) 2 3-tube STWS-1 launchers for 324mm (12.75") A/S torpedoes (only on Argentine ships)

Aircraft carried:

1 Westland Lynx HAS / HMA Armed with

4 anti ship missiles 2 anti submarine torpedoes

Aviation facilities:

Flight deck and enclosed hangar for embarking one helicopter

The Type 42 or Sheffield class, are guided missile destroyers used by the Royal Navy and the Argentine Navy. The first ship of the class was ordered in 1968 and launched in 1971, and today three ships remain active in the Royal Navy and one in the Argentinian Navy. Two of the class (Sheffield and Coventry) were sunk in the Falklands War of 1982.

History
The class was designed in the late 1960s to provide fleet area air-defence. In total fourteen vessels were constructed in three batches, four of which remain in service (Liverpool, Gloucester, Edinburgh and York). In addition, two ships were also built to the same specifications as the Batch 1 vessels for the Argentine Navy, one of which remains in service. The ships, along with the Type 23 frigates, today help to form the backbone of the Royal Navy surface fleet, although their place is being taken by the Type 45 destroyers. Sheffield and Coventry were lost in the Falklands War to enemy action. (This was the first conflict when surface warships of the same design have been on opposite sides since the Second World War, when four Flower-class corvettes built for France in 1939, were taken over by the Kriegsmarine in 1940). When the Type 82 air-defence cruisers were cancelled along with the proposed CVA-01 carrier by the Labour Government of 1966, the Type 42 was proposed as a lighter and cheaper design with similar capabilities to the Type 82. The class is fitted with the GWS30 Sea Dart surface-to-air missile first deployed on the sole Type 82, Bristol.

Type 42 destroyer The Type 42s were also given a flight deck and hangar to operate an anti-submarine warfare helicopter, greatly increasing their utility compared to the Type 82, which was fitted with a flight deck but no organic aviation facilities. The design was budgeted with a ceiling of 19 million per hull, but soon ran over-budget. The original design at (21 million) was similar to the lengthened 'Batch 3' Type 42s. To cut costs, the first two batches had 47 feet removed from the bow, and the beam-to-length ratio was reduced. These early Type 42s performed poorly during the contractor's sea trials particularly in heavy seas, and the hull was extensively examined for other problems. Strengthening girders were later designed into the weather deck structure in the batch 1 and 2 ships, and the batch 3 ships received an external 'strake' to counter longitudinal cracking. The batch 1 and batch 2 ships (Sheffield to Liverpool) were notoriously poor sea-keepers compared to the later, longer ships. The first of class, Sheffield, was initially fitted with exhaust deflectors ("Loxton bends") on her funnel for the Rolls Royce Olympus TM1A turbine engines, to minimise damage to overhead aerials. As this provided a prominent target for the new infra-red homing missiles, these deflectors were removed during Sheffield's 1979-1980 refit in Portsmouth. All subsequent Olympus and Tyne uptakes were fitted with 'cheese graters' which mixed machinery space vent air with the engine exhaust to minimise infra-red signatures. The Argentine versions of this class are both based at Puerto Belgrano; Santsima Trinidad is now being used to provide for spares for her heavily modified sister, Hrcules, which has a new aft superstructure and hangar and Exocet missile launchers.

Design details
The Type 42 destroyer was built to fill the gap left by the cancellation of the large Type 82 destroyer. It was intended to fulfil the same role, with similar systems on a smaller and more cost effective hull. The ships are primarily carriers for the GWS-30 Sea Dart surface-to-air missile system. Although described as obsolete, it still proved effective against modern missile threats during the 1991 Gulf War. The Type 42 is also equipped with a 4.5 inch (114 mm) gun and six torpedo launchers. Two Vulcan Phalanx Mk15 Close-In Weapons Systems (CIWS) were fitted to British type 42s after the loss of Sheffield to an Exocet missile. There have been three batches of ships, batch 1 & 2 displacing 4,820tonnes and batch 3 (sometimes referred to as the Manchester class) displacing 5,200tonnes. The batch 3 ships were heavily upgraded, though the planned Sea Wolf missile systems were never fitted. Because of their more general warfare role, the two Argentine ships have been fitted with the MM38 Exocet, and not with a CIWS. The electronics suite includes one Type 1022 D-band long range radar with Outfit LFB track extractor or one Type 965P long range air surveillance radar, one Type 996 E/F-band 3D target indication radar with Outfit LFA track extractor or type 992Q surface search, two Type 909 I/J-band fire control radars and an Outfit LFD Radar Track Combiner. In recent years the importance of the aging Type 42 destroyers has increased. The UK has adopted an increasingly expeditionary defence policy and the deletion of the Sea Dart missile systems from the Invincible-class aircraft carriers has made the role of escort ships all the more important. However the deployment of Type 23s in lieu of Type 42s to high-intensity mission areas has become more prevalent as servicability and reliability issues have dogged Type 42s availability as has obsolescence of their combat and machinery system equipment. The 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) sounded a death knell for these venerable warships and it is forecast they will all be reduced to extended readiness ready for retirement by 2013. All ships are propelled by Rolls Royce TM3B Olympus and Rolls Royce RM1C Tyne marinised gas turbines, arranged in a COGOG (Combined Gas or Gas) arrangement, driving through synchronous self-shifting clutches into a double reduction, dual tandem, articulated, locked-train gear system and out through two five-bladed controllable pitch propellers. All have four Paxman Ventura 16YJCAZ diesel generators, each generating 1 Megawatt of three-phase 440V 60Hz power.

Type 42 destroyer

Construction programme
Pennant Name (a) Hull builder Ordered Laid down Launched Accepted Commissioned into [3] service Estimated building [4] cost

Royal Navy - batch 1 D80 Sheffield Vickers Shipbuilders 14 15 Ltd, November January [5] [5] [5] Barrow-in-Furness. 1968 1970 10 June [5] 1971 16 February [5] 1975
[6]

16 February [7] [8] 1975

23,200,000
[9]

D86

Birmingham Cammell Laird & [5] Co, Birkenhead. Newcastle

21 May [5] 1971

28 March 30 July [5] [5] 1972 1973

26 3 December [7] November 1976 [10] 1976 25 February [6] 1978 20 October [6] 1978 9 March [6] 1979
[7]

31,000,000
[11]

D87

Swan Hunter Ltd, 11 21 [5] Wallsend-on-Tyne. November February [5] [5] 1971 1973 Cammell Laird & [5] Co, Birkenhead. 21 May [5] 1971 29 January [5] 1973

24 April [5] 1975

23 March 1978 34,600,000

[6]

D118

Coventry

21 June [5] 1974

10 November [7] 1978

37,900,000
[6] [12]

D88

Glasgow

Swan Hunter Ltd, 11 16 April [5] [5] Wallsend-on-Tyne. November 1974 [5] 1971 Vickers Shipbuilders 10 June [5] Ltd, 1971 Barrow-in-Furness (to launching stage) Swan Hunter Ltd, Hebburn (for [12] completion).

14 April [5] 1976

24 May 1979
[7]

36,900,000
[6] [12]

D108

Cardiff

6 22 November February [5] [5] 1972 1974

22 24 September [7] September 1979 [5] 1979

[6]

40,500,000
[13] [14]

Royal Navy - batch 2 D89 Exeter Swan Hunter Ltd, 22 [5] Wallsend-on-Tyne. January [5] 1976 22 July [5] 1976 25 April [5] 1978 30 August 19 September [5] [7] 1980 1980
[6]

60,100,000
[6] [12]

D90

Southampton Vosper Thornycroft [5] Ltd, Woolston. Liverpool

17 March 21 [5] 1976 October [5] 1976 27 May [5] 1977 5 July [5] 1978

29 January [5] 1979

17 August 31 October [5] [7] 1981 1981

[6] [7]

67,500,000
[6]

D92

Cammell Laird & [5] Co, Birkenhead.

25 12 May [5] September 1982 [5] [6] 1980 18 February [5] 1980

1 July 1982

92,800,000
[6]

D91

Nottingham

Vosper Thornycroft [5] Ltd, Woolston.

1 March [5] 1977

6 February [5] 1978

22 14 April 1983 [7] December [5] 1982

[6]

82,100,000
[6]

Royal Navy - batch 3

Type 42 destroyer

D95

Manchester

Vickers Shipbuilders 10 19 May [5] Ltd, November 1978 [5] [5] Barrow-in-Furness. 1978

19 24 16 December [7] November November 1982 [5] [5] 1982 1980

[6]

110,000,000
[6]

D98

York

Swan Hunter Ltd, 25 April [5] [5] Wallsend-on-Tyne. 1979

18 January [5] 1980

21 June [5] 1982

25 March [15] 1985

9 August 1985 118,700,000

[15]

D96

Gloucester

Vosper Thornycroft [5] Ltd, Woolston.

27 March 29 [5] 1979 October [5] 1979 25 April [5] 1979

2 16 May [15] November 1985 [5] 1982 25 July [15] 1985

11 September 1985

120,800,000
[15]

D97

Edinburgh

Cammell Laird & [5] Co, Birkenhead.

8 13 April [5] September 1983 [5] 1980

17 December 1985

130,600,000
[15]

Armada Republica Argentina - batch 1 D1 Hrcules Vickers Shipbuilders 18 May [5] Ltd, 1970 [5] Barrow-in-Furness. AFNE, Rio Santiago, 18 May [5] [5] Argentina. 1970 16 June [5] 1971 24 October [5] 1972 9 November [5] 1974 10 May [5] 1976 12 July 1976
[5]

D2

Santsima Trinidad

11 October [5] 1971

1 July 1981

In May 1982, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Jerry Wiggin) stated that the current replacement cost of a type 42 destroyer of the Sheffield class was "about 120 million."[16] In July 1984, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (John Lee) stated: "the average cost of the three type 42 destroyers currently under construction is 117 million at 198384 price levels."[17]

Running costs
Not including major refits and upgrades
Date Running cost What is included Citation Average annual running cost of Type 42s at average 198182 prices and including associated aircraft costs but excluding the costs of major refits. The average cost of running and maintaining a type 42 destroyer for one year.

10.0 1981-82 million 15 1985-86 million

[18]

[19]

1987-88

7 million The average annual operating costs, at financial year 1987-88 prices of a type 42 destroyer. These costs include personnel, fuel, spares and so on, and administrative support services, but exclude new construction, capital equipment, and refit-repair costs. Type 42 destroyer, average annual operating costs, based on historic costs over each full financial year. The figures include manpower, maintenance, fuel, stores and other costs (such as harbour dues), but exclude depreciation and cost of capital.

[20]

13.0 2001-02 million 13.5 2002-03 million

[21]

Type 42 destroyer

Including refits and upgrades

Date Running cost What is included Citation 2007-08 "The annual operating cost of the Type 42 Class of Destroyers, covering a total of 31.35million eight vessels in the 07/08 period, is 250.8M." "This is based on information primarily from Financial Year 07/08 the last year for which this information is available, and includes typical day-to-day costs such as fuel and manpower and general support costs covering maintenance, repair and equipment spares. Costs for equipment spares are also included, although these are based on Financial Year 08/09 information as this is the most recent information available. Costs for weapon system support are not included as they could only be provided at disproportionate cost."

[22]

200910 26.7million "The average running cost per class... Type 42 is 160.1 million. These figures, based on the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Defence in 2009-10, include maintenance, safety certification, military upgrades, manpower, inventory, satellite communication, fuel costs and depreciation.".

[23]

In May 2000, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (John Spellar) stated: "The running costs of each of the Royal Navy's Type 42 destroyers for each of the past five years are contained in the following table. This includes repair and maintenance, manpower, fuel and other costs such as port and harbour dues. Year-on-year variations are largely attributable to refit periods."[24]
Ship Birmingham Newcastle Glasgow Cardiff Exeter 199596 32.28 million 32.60 million 14.70 million 19.86 million 19.46 million 199697 16.92 million 31.60 million 29.47 million 41.2 million 15.72 million 20.37 million 17.24 million 20.75 million 19.40 million 19.40 million 19.79 million 19.29 million 199798 17.38 million 18.57 million 26.36 million 28.86 million 40.83 million 17.91 million 19.08 million 14.59 million 14.58 million 13.89 million 17.50 million 22.50 million 199899 13.38 million 13.90 million 13.61 million 13.20 million 12.76 million 39.09 million 13.08 million 14.79 million 12.22 million 21.49 million 11.78 million 13.00 million 19992000 10.39 million 13.73 million 12.65 million 17.87 million 14.48 million 18.79 million 32.74 million 14.63 million 12.69 million 15.77 million 21.88 million 12.28 million Citation
[24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24] [24]

Southampton 16.53 million Nottingham Liverpool Manchester Gloucester York Edinburgh 18.70 million 16.92 million 17.99 million 19.33 million 20.48 million 35.27 million

Type 42 destroyer

Availability
In February 1998, the Minister of State for Defence, Dr Reid said: "Type 42 destroyers achieved approximately 84 to 86 per cent average availability for operational service in each of the last five years. This discounts time spent in planned maintenance. "[25]

Fate of ships
Pennant Name Commissioned Home port Royal Navy Batch 1 D80 D86 D88 D87 D118 D108 Sheffield Birmingham Glasgow Newcastle Coventry Cardiff 16 February 1975 3 December 1976 25 May 1977 23 March 1978 20 October 1978 24 September 1979 Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Batch 2 D89 D90 D92 D91 Exeter Southampton Liverpool Nottingham 18 September 1980 31 October 1981 9 July 1982 8 April 1983 Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Batch 3 D95 D98 D96 D97 Manchester York Gloucester Edinburgh 16 December 1982 9 August 1985 11 September 1985 17 December 1985 Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Portsmouth Decommissioned February 2011 Active Awaiting decommissioning Active Decommissioned 27 May 2009 Decommissioned 12 February 2009 Active Decommissioned 11 February 2010
[26]

Status

Sunk in Falklands War 4 May 1982 Scrapped 1999 Scrapped December 2008 Scrapped November 2008 Sunk in Falklands War 25 May 1982 Scrapped November 2008

Armada Republica Argentina B-52 D2 Hrcules 12 July 1976 Puerto Belgrano Puerto Belgrano Active Uncrewed and awaiting disposal

Santsima Trinidad 1 July 1981

Replacement
The ships are all scheduled to be out of service by 2013. By 2007 none of the batch 1 vessels remained in commission. Initially the UK sought to procure replacements first in collaboration with seven other NATO nations under the NFR-90 project and then with France and Italy through the Horizon CNGF programme. However, both these collaborative ventures failed and the UK decided to go it alone with a national project. Jane's described this situation in its 2000 Warship's edition as 'little short of a national scandal'. The Type 42s are now to be replaced by six Type 45 destroyers. Daring, Dauntless and Diamond are in commission and the other three Type 45s remain in build or on contractors trials in Scotland. The Type 42 class has always suffered from cramped accommodation, a problem for crew safety and comfort, and also when finding space for upgrades. The Type 45s are to be considerably larger, displacing almost 7,400tonnes, compared to the Type 42 displacement of 4,8205,200tonnes.

Type 42 destroyer

Notes
[1] Sharpe, Richard, Jane's Fighting Ships 1992-93, pub Janes Information Group, 1992, ISBN 0-7106-0983-3, p696-7 [2] Heyman, Charles The Armed Forces of the United Kingdom 1999-2000, pub Pen and Sword, 1998, ISBN 0-85052-621-2, P 40-41 [3] The term used in Navy Estimates and Defence Estimates is "accepted into service". Hansard has used the term acceptance date. Leo Marriott in his various books uses the term "completed", as does Jane's Fighting Ships. These terms all mean the same thing: the date the Navy accepts the vessel from the builder. This date is important because maintenance cycles, etc. are generally calculated from the acceptance date. [4] "Unit cost, i.e. excluding cost of certain items (e.g. aircraft, First Outfits)." - Text from Defences Estimates "They do not include other costs, such as those for Government Furnished Equipment (GFE)as they are not held centrally for each ship and could be provided only at disproportionate cost." Bob Ainsworth, Minister of State for the Armed Forces, 16 July 2008. [5] Marriott, Leo Modern Combat Ships 3, Type 42, pub Ian Allan, 1985, ISBN 0-7110-1453-1 page 28. [6] Hansard: HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 cc357-8W 357W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ research-establishments#S6CV0158P0_19891023_CWA_517) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence regarding warship costs, 23 October 1989. This section is the first part of the table that is continued on Hansard: HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 c360W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ navy-vessels). [7] 16 July 2008 : Column 452W (http:/ / www. publications. parliament. uk/ pa/ cm200708/ cmhansrd/ cm080716/ text/ 80716w0011. htm) Questions to Secretary of the State for Defence, 16 July 2008. Marriott, Leo Modern Combat Ships 3, Type 42, pub Ian Allan, 1985, ISBN 0-7110-1453-1 page 28. [8] These two sources are in agreement about the dates vessels were commissioned, with the following exceptions: Sheffield: Marriott 28 February 1975. Hansard 16 February 1975. Glasgow: Marriott 25 May 1979. Hansard 24 May 1979. Cardiff: Marriott 19 October 1979. Hansard 24 September 1979.

Nottingham: Marriott 8 April 1983. Hansard 14 April 1983. Liverpool: Marriott 9 July 1982. Hansard 1 July 1982. [9] Hansard: HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 cc357-8W 357W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ research-establishments#S6CV0158P0_19891023_CWA_517) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence regarding warship costs, 23 October 1989. Marriott, Leo Modern Combat Ships 3, Type 42, pub Ian Allan, 1985, ISBN 0-7110-1453-1 page 15. Moore, John Jane's Fighting Ships, 1982-83, pub Jane's Publishing Co Ltd, 1982, ISBN 0-7106-0742-3 page 553. [10] Hansard: HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 cc357-8W 357W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ research-establishments#S6CV0158P0_19891023_CWA_517) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence regarding warship costs, 23 October 1989 says 26 November 1976. Marriott, Leo Modern Combat Ships 3, Type 42, pub Ian Allan, 1985, ISBN 0-7110-1453-1 page 28 says October 1976. [11] Hansard: HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 cc357-8W 357W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ research-establishments#S6CV0158P0_19891023_CWA_517) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence regarding warship costs, 23 October 1989 says 31.0 million. Moore, John Jane's Fighting Ships, 1982-83, pub Jane's Publishing Co Ltd, 1982, ISBN 0-7106-0742-3 page 553 says 30.9 million. [12] Moore, John Jane's Fighting Ships, 1982-83, pub Jane's Publishing Co Ltd, 1982, ISBN 0-7106-0742-3 page 553. [13] Hansard: HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 cc357-8W 357W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ research-establishments#S6CV0158P0_19891023_CWA_517) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence regarding warship costs, 23 October 1989 says 40.5 million. [14] Moore, John Jane's Fighting Ships, 1982-83, pub Jane's Publishing Co Ltd, 1982, ISBN 0-7106-0742-3 page 553 said 40.4 million. Marriott, Leo Modern Combat Ships 3, Type 42, pub Ian Allan, 1985, ISBN 0-7110-1453-1 page 15 said 40.4 million. Aldrich, Richard James Intelligence, Defence, and Diplomacy: British Policy in the Post-War World. Taylor & Francis, pub 1994, ISBN 0-7146-4140-5 page 119 says: "One example of how delay in procurement programmes can raise costs is the construction of the Type-42 destroyer HMS Cardiff. Vickers Shipbuilders had originally intended to deliver the vessel in 1975 for a total cost of 15 million. Owing to difficulties in recruiting labourer to work on construction the ship was only completed in 1978 and cost double the original price (over 30 million)." On page 129 it gives the source of this cost data as: "Fourth Report from the Committee on Public Accounts, 1976-77 (H.C. 304), April 1977, pp xii-xiii and Q. 92." The cost quoted in Aldrich is from a source written before the completion of the vessel, and so is less complete than the cost quoted in Jane's and Marriott, which were written after completion of the vessel, and are nearly the same as the Hansard figure. [15] Hansard HC Deb 23 October 1989 vol 158 cc358-61W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ oct/ 23/ navy-vessels) Questions to the Secretary of State for Defence, 23 October 1989. [16] Hansard HC Deb 27 May 1982 vol 24 c397W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1982/ may/ 27/ royal-navy-ships-replacement-costs#S6CV0024P0-08145) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence about the current replacement cost of a type 42 destroyer of the Sheffield class., 27 May 1982 [17] Hansard HC Deb 23 July 1984 vol 64 c534W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1984/ jul/ 23/ type-42-destroyer#S6CV0064P0-09993) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence about the latest cost estimate of a type 42 destroyer, 23 July 1984.

Type 42 destroyer
[18] Hansard HC Deb 16 July 1982 vol 27 cc485-6W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1982/ jul/ 16/ naval-vessels-operating-costs#S6CV0027P0-09171) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence about operating costs of naval vessels, 16 July 1982. [19] Hansard HC Deb 22 January 1987 vol 108 c730W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1987/ jan/ 22/ ships-operating-costs#S6CV0108P0-10356) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence about operating costs of naval vessels, 22 January 1987. [20] Hansard HC Deb 10 March 1989 vol 148 c44W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 1989/ mar/ 10/ warships#S6CV0148P0-04574) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence about operating costs of naval vessels, 10 March 1989. [21] Hansard HC Deb 09 September 2003 vol 410 cc346-7W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 2003/ sep/ 09/ destroyers) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence 9 September 2003. [22] Hansard 9 Sep 2009, Column 2001W (http:/ / www. publications. parliament. uk/ pa/ cm200809/ cmhansrd/ cm090909/ text/ 90909w0024. htm) [23] 24 November 2010 Written Answers (http:/ / services. parliament. uk/ hansard/ Lords/ ByDate/ 20101124/ writtenanswers/ part003. html) [24] Hansard HC Deb 22 May 2000 vol 350 cc318-9W (http:/ / hansard. millbanksystems. com/ written_answers/ 2000/ may/ 22/ naval-vessels#S6CV0350P0-07071) Question to the Secretary of State for Defence about operating costs of naval vessels, 22 May 2000. [25] Hansard 5 Feb 1998 : Column: 762 (http:/ / www. parliament. the-stationery-office. co. uk/ pa/ cm199798/ cmhansrd/ vo980205/ text/ 80205w11. htm) Answer by Secretary of State for Defence, Dr Reid, 5 February 1998. [26] Daily Echo HMS Southampton bows out after 28 years (http:/ / www. dailyecho. co. uk/ news/ 4117771. HMS_Southampton_bows_out_after_28_years/ )

References

Article Sources and Contributors

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Article Sources and Contributors

Type 42 destroyer Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=428827969 Contributors: Alai, Aldis90, Benea, Biscuittin, Bkkbrad, BobThePirate, Bobblewik, BruceRD, Carre, Colonies Chris, Crpb, DPdH, DagosNavy, Dan100, Datafuser, Dave1185, David Newton, Dj manton, Dpaajones, Dricherby, Driftwood87, Dyvroeth, Emoscopes, EoGuy, Firsfron, Freethinker1984, Friedfish, GW Simulations, Gaius Cornelius, Gdr, GraemeLeggett, H1523702, Hammersfan, Haus, Hibernian, Ian Dunster, Ir5ac, Jim Sweeney, John Smith's, Juno106, Khanada, LilHelpa, Lngi1994, Los688, MBK004, Mandarax, Mark83, Michael Hardy, Narson, Olympustm3b, Parsecboy, Petecarney, Pol098, Quatschman, Rademire, Rcbutcher, Riddley, Ryan4314, Shem1805, Skyring, SoLando, Template namespace initialisation script, Toddy1, TomTheHand, TwoOneTwo, Wee Curry Monster, Woody, Xtrememachineuk, 65 anonymous edits

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File:HMS Birmingham D86.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HMS_Birmingham_D86.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Service Depicted: Other ServiceCamera Operator: OS2 JOHN BOUVIA File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Pumbaa80 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Work of Dbenbenn about a national sign

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