ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project: How to start a reform process towards a better sustainability of the urban transport system

David Margonsztern SAUW

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Project background Project scope Analyzing the urban transport system Developing a shared vision Reorganization plan of the public transport network Strengthening the public sector capacity Begin rationalization and test the reform process through pilot actions 8. Introducing incentives for private operators 9. Replicate and strengthen the public sector capacity to manage the UTS
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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

I/ PROJECT BACKGROUND:
RETA 6350 (Dhaka, Kathmandu, Colombo, Harbin, Chiangzhou) R-PPTA 7243 (Kathmandu, Vientiane, Davao) TA consultant mobilized Fact-Finding Mission Board Consideration and Approval Loan effectiveness

2007
2009 October 2009 22 March 14 April 2010 22 July 2010 November 2010

Kathmandu is the first of seven pilot cities studied under two ADB regional TA projects to produce an operational project on sustainable urban transport (SUT); The Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport (KSUTP) answers the Nepalese government pressing need to address the worsening traffic situation in the capital city of Nepal; The project is in line with ADBs Sustainable Transport Initiative (STI) which promotes sustainable urban transport systems, i.e UTS which are accessible, safe, environmentally friendly and accessible.

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

II/ PROJECT SCOPE:

THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ASSISTANCE: $20 million ($10M ADF Loan and $10M ADF Grant) Administration of a $2.8 million Grant from GEF Total : $22.8 million Plus : $7.9 million as counterpart from Government TOTAL Project: $30.7 million
For 4 components : A : Public Transport B : Traffic Management C : Walkability D : Air Quality Monitoring

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport
Vision / Ouptuts Investment
Implementation of two pilot lines: Bus stops and lay-bys Priority route around Thundikel Terminals in periphery Loans/grants to private operators to purchase and maintain electric vehicles Improvement of 14 junctions Equipment for the MTPD (8 traffic signals; 21 CCTV cameras and control center; 21 radio handsets) Pedestrianization of Heritage routes Sidewalks improvement in city-center Upgrading of 2, and construction of 2 new pedestrian bridges Improvement of the interchange facility and public space on Kanthi Path

Institutional and soft component

Restructuring + capacity building of DoTM Reorganization plan of the PT network Trolley-bus reintroduction FS+PD Reports Capacity development program for the MTPD Awareness campaign for improved driving behaviors

1 Improve PT

2. Improve Traffic Management

3. Improve Walkability

PPP advisory support for the redevelopment of the Old Bus park and the construction of parking

4.Improve air quality monitoring

Equipment of existing stations with solar power back-up systems Provision of 2 new mobile stations Equipment for emission/mechanical testing

Awareness campaign Data dissemination

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

III/ ANALYSING THE URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM:

Land Use in Kathmandu Valley 1994

Kathmandu: a congested Valley

Population Growth in Kathmandu Valley Land Use in Kathmandu Valley 2008

4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 2001 2005 2010 2015 2020

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport Kathmandu urban transport system
Key data
Population (M h.) Vehicle increase Approx. 2.0 13% per year

Public transport system

Rolling stock
T B P

Market share 2% 80% 10% 8%

Vehicles 2010
Households w. car Estimated cost of needed road widening Roadside air quality Road accidents 2007/08

450.000
(74% motorbikes)

Trolleybus Bus Mini-bus Tempos

(elec + CNG)

Ceased operations in 2004 14 3650 1033 7000

17% 190 $Million 66% above limits 2765

Taxis

Microbus Routes within the Valley

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport Kathmandu Mobility - At a Glance Disorganized Public Transport Inequitable Road Space Sharing
Annual Average of PM10 Comparison 2003 - 2007

250
microgram per cubic metre

Worsening Air Quality

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
134 129 121

200 150 100 50 0

196 197 197

200 192

149 137 125 116 115 105 95 83 74 69 53 54 43 43 43

PM10 : 120 ug/m3 (24 hr)

Increasing Demand for Capacity

115 116

Roadside

Residential

Urban background

Valley background

Valley Average (all stations)

Unrestricted Vehicle Movement

Chaotic & Congested Traffic

Private sector has monopoly over Public Transport

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

IV/ DEVELOPING A SHARED VISION:

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

WHAT KIND OF CITY DO YOU WANT ?

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport
The ADB and the Government of Nepal, throughout the PPTA, agreed on VISION for Sustainable Urban Transport:

Together with the private sector, and the public in general, the government will :-

1. Encourage people to travel by public transport or foot,

2. Discourage the use of private motorised vehicles, in particular from entering the central area of Kathmandu, 3. Improve movement (all modes), especially within the central area of Kathmandu, 4. Improve air quality and reduce carbon emissions, and 5. Improve transport equity.

HOW TO TRANSFORM THAT VISION INTO CONCRETE ACTIONS ?

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

V/ REORGANIZATION PLAN OF THE PT NETWORK:

Define a hierarchy of routes:
Redefine routes into Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Assign appropriate vehicles to routes

Big buses and trolley buses on primary routes

Mini buses on secondary routes Safa and 4 wheeled electric buses on tertiary routes Franchise routes to providers (Associations of operators)

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport Rationalisation of Primary and Secondary Routes
Before rationalisation

After rationalisation

Primary Secondary 13

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport Tertiary Routes

Interchange with larger buses

Route and direction
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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport Make getting on/off easy
Bus station/bus priority lanes
North

Ktm City Core

South

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

VI/ STRENGHTENING THE PUBLIC SECTOR:

Strengthen capacity of DoTM: Establish a task force (PIU) at the zonal office (new section for public transport)
Central Level
DoTM Bagmati Zonal Office

Driving Licensing

Motorcycles (All functions)

4 Wheel (Gov + Private)

Public Transport

Contract out data collection

Analyse and discuss with FNNTE

Vehicle Registration Section

Registration Fee collection Annual vehicle tax collection Ownership transfer Route permit (franchising) fee collection

Planning and Route Section

Route planning and design Issuance and renewal of route permits (Franchising) Performance monitoring

Technical Section
Mechanical testing section Emission testing section Performance monitoring section (contracted out services)

Admin Section
Admin Legal Public Relations

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

VII/ BEGIN THE PROCESS OF RATIONALIZATION BY FRANCHISING PILOT ROUTES:

Terminal

Pilot Route Concept

Urban Area

Central Area

15 kms

Urban Area

Terminal

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport Possible Pilot Routes
Balaju

Bauddha Swayambhu

Shared Routes

Pilot Route 1

Nakhil

Pilot Route 2

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Terminals

ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

VIII/ INTRODUCING INCENTIVES FOR PRIVATE OPERATORS:

GEF
(US$ 0.6 M) (US$ 2.2 M) (US$ 1.8 M)

ADB
(US$ 18.2 M)

TDF
Revolving Fund

Capacity Support

Pilot Route Cooperatives

Franchises

DoTM

Other Components

Trolley Bus Study

ADB and GEF Support for new rolling stock + Project financing civil works & necessary equipments (bus stops, terminals, etc.)

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

IX/ REPLICATE, EXTEND AND STRENGHTEN PUBLIC SECTOR CAPACITY TO MANAGE THE UTS:
RE-INTRODUCE THE TROLLEY BUSES Operate N-S and W-E on Main Roads Government Extends Overhead Cables Private Sector Operates Advantages Zero Emissions High Capacity Low Operating Costs

Existing Depot Existing Cables Extension : Phase I Extension : Phase I

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

SUSTAINABLE FUNDING
High Level Policy Coordination Committee

MPPW

MLD

MoLT

MoHA

MoE

TDF Sustainable Urban Transport Fund Implementation Committee

DOR

KMC

DoTM

T Police

MOE

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ACEF Conference - 23 June 2011 Breakout Session 19: Green Solution for Public Transport

LONG TERM
Kathmandu Valley Land Use and Transportation Authority

Land Use

Transport

Roads

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