AIRFIELD GROUND LIGHTING DESIGN

Engr. Esperedion A. Acorda II

Electrical Engineer/AFL Consultant

FROM DESIGN

DESIGN PHASE

COMMISSIONING AND TRAINING CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OPERATIONAL FACILITY

TO CONCRETE REALITY

4 Cs

4 Cs
CONFIGURATION location of components, spacing of lights & markings

4 Cs

4 Cs
COLOUR helps identify different lighting systems, to convey instruction & to increase conspicuity

4 Cs

4 Cs
CANDELAS illumination at the observer's eye

4 Cs

4 Cs
COVERAGE- light characteristics; light intensities (reflectors, lenses or prisms)

CODES AND STANDARDS

CODES AND STANDARDS

AIRFIELD LIGHTING STANDARDS ARE THE MOSTWELL DEVELOPED STANDARDS IN THE WORLD ICAO - A MEMBER ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLDWIDE COUNTRIES ARE MEMBERS ALL COUNTRIES HAVE ACCEPTED THE SAME SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS ALL ENGINEERS/AGENTS INVOLVED IN AVIATION SHOULD BE AWARE OF ANNEX 14

CODES AND STANDARDS

CODES AND STANDARDS

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY - ICAO FEDERAL AVIATION AUTHORITY - FAA LOCAL CODES OF COUNTRIES DIFFERENCES ARE PUBLICIZED BY ICAO

CODES AND STANDARDS

CODES AND STANDARDS ICAO

ANNEX 14 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ANNEX 10 AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN MANUAL PART 4 ELECTRICAL DESIGN MANUAL PART 5 VISUAL AIDS SYSTEMS

PROJECT DEVLOPMENT STRATEGY

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

PROJECT DEVLOPMENT STRATEGY

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT DESIGN PRELIMINARY DESIGN TENDER DOCUMENTS INSTALLATION DRAWINGS - SUBMITTALS CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS AS-BUILT DOCUMENTATIONS

DESIGN PROCESS

DESIGN OPTIONS
CONVENTIONAL DESIGN OF FACILITIES VERY OFTEN DONE BY CONSULTANTS PACKAGED AND SEND OUT FOR TENDER TO CONTRACTORS e.g. SAFEGATE

DESIGN BUILD (OPTION 1)

SCHEMATIC DESIGN BY CONSULTANT DETAIL DESIGN BY CONTRACTOR
DESIGN BUILD (OPTION 2)

SCHEMATIC DESIGN BY CONTRACTOR DETAIL DESIGN BY CONTRACTOR

DESIGN PROCESS

GENERAL
INFORMATION ON DESIGN BASES APPROACH ON THE DESIGN TYPICAL DESIGN ISSUES EXAMPLES OF DESIGNS

DESIGN PROCESS

RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION
NON-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY INSTRUMENT RUNWAY

DESIGN PROCESS

NON-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY
A RUNWAY INTENDED FOR THE OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT USING VISUAL APPROACH PROCEDURES EXAMPLE USING PAPI OR VASI ONLY

DESIGN PROCESS

INSTRUMENT RUNWAY
NON-PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY CATEGORY I PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY CATEGORY II PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY CATEGORY III

DESIGN PROCESS

NON PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY

AN INSTRUMENT RUNWAY SERVED BY VISUAL AIDS AND A NON VISUAL AID PROVIDING AT LEAST DIRECTIONAL GUIDANCE ADEQUATE FOR A STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH EXAMPLE NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON SIMPLE APPROACH LIGHTING OR PAPI

DESIGN PROCESS

PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY

SERVED BY ILS OR MLS VISUAL AIDS AS PER ANNEX 14 CAT I OPERATION DECISION HEIGHT NOT LOWER THAN 60 MTS VISIBILITY NOT LESS THAN 800 MTS RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE NOT LESS THAN 550 MTS EXAMPLE INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM OR MLS APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM

DESIGN PROCESS
POINT OF DECISION WITHIN A CATEGORY

<60m but >30m

<30m

DECISION HEIGHT

60 m

DESIGN PROCESS

CAT III

CAT II

CAT I

DESIGN PROCESS

ICAO RECOMMENDATIONS ON SYSTEMS

NON PRECISION APPROACH Approach Lighting VASI / PAPI Runway Threshold Identification Runway Edge Runway Threshold Runway End Runway Centre Runway TDZ Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Taxiway Centreline lights Stop bars Recommend Required Not required Recommend Recommend Recommend Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required PRECISION APPROACH CAT I Required Required Not required Required Required Required Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required PRECISION APPROACH CAT II Required Required Not required Required Required Required Required Required Not required Not required Required PRECISION APPROACH CATIII Required Required Not required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required Required

DESIGN PROCESS

MAIN COMPONENTS
APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS APRON SYSTEMS MISCELLANEOUS

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

GENERAL IN ACCORDANCE TO ICAO THE FOLLOWING APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM EXIST: SIMPLE APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM PRECISION APPROACH CATEGORY I LIGHTING SYSTEM PRECISION APPROACH CATEGORY II AND III LIGHTING SYSTEM

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

SIMPLE APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM SINGLE SOURCE SYSTEM BARRETTE SYSTEM

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

SIMPLE SINGLE SOURCE SYSTEM

SIMPLE BARRETTE SYSTEM

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

SIMPLE (420m) SINGLE INTERLEAVED

SIMPLE (300m) SINGLE INTERLEAVED

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

CAT I CALVERT TYPE W/O SFL

CAT I BARRETTE TYPE W/O SFL

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

CAT II AND III SINGLE LIGHT SOURCE

CAT I SINGLE LIGHT SOURCE

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

SEQUENCE FLASHING LIGHTS

IS RECOMMEND FOR BARRETTE SYSTEM CAT II - III LOCATED BETWEEN 900m AND 300m BARRETTE FLASHING TOWARDS THRESHOLD

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

PAPI AND VASI

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM

T. VASIS

AT. VASIS

NOTE: IS STILL COVERED IN ICAO ANNEX 14 WORLDWIDE PRODUCTION HAS STOPPED

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM

PAPI SYSTEM WITH LEFT WING BAR ONLY

APAPI SYSTEM WITH LEFT WING BAR ONLY

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM

TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT LEFT BAR ONLY

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

CALCULATION LOCATION OF PAPI

TYPE OF AIRCRAFT USING AIRPORT GLIDE SLOPE IS NORMALLY 3 LOCAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS RUNWAY AND THRESHOLD LEVELS WHEEL CLEARANCE FOR MOST DEMANDING AIRCRAFT IF ILS HARMONIZATION WITH GP SIGNAL REQUIRED

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

PAPI SYSTEM
WHEEL CLEARANCE VALUES RECOMMENDED BY ICAO Eye to wheel height (EWH) of the aircraft up to 3 m from 3 to 5 m from 5 to 8 m from 8 to 14 m Wheel clearance over the threshold (m) 6 9 9 9 Minimum wheel clearance* (m) 3 4 5 6

* Those minimum wheel clearance values are only applicable if an aeronautical study proves that such a reduction is acceptable

WHEEL CLEARANCE

APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM

RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEM

RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEM

RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS RUNWAY THRESHOLD LIGHTS RUNWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTS RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN LIGHTS RUNWAY END LIGHTS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

GENERAL SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR RW INTENDED FOR USE AT NIGHT SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY INTENDED FOR USE BY DAY AND NIGHT RECOMMENDED FOR RUNWAY INTENDED FOR OPERATING BELOW RVR 800m BY DAY

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

LIGHTS UNIFORMLY SPACED AT INTERVALS NOT EXCEEDING 60 METERS FOR AN INSTRUMENT RUNWAY FOR A NON-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY NOT EXCEEDING 100 METER INSET LIGHTS COULD BE USED ELEVATED LIGHTS ON BREAKABLE COUPLING

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS

INSET RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT

ELEVATED RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT

RUNWAY TRANSPORT LIGHTS

RUNWAY THRESHOLD AND WINGBAR LIGHTS SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR A RUNWAY EQUIPPED WITH RW EDGELIGHT EXCEPT ON NON INSTRUMENT OR NON PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY WHERE THRESHOLD IS DISPLACED AND WING BARS PROVIDED

RUNWAY TRANSPORT LIGHTS WHY A DISPLACED THRESHOLD ?

RUNWAY THRESHOLD AT EXTREMITY

RW THRESHOLD DISPLACED FROM EXTREMITY

LOCATION OF THRESHOLD

RUNWAY TRANSPORT LIGHTS

THRESHOLD LIGHTS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO RW AXIS NEAR THE EXTREMITY OF RW AS POSSIBLE IN ANY CASE NOT MORE THAN 3m OUTSIDE THE EXTREMITY AT LEAST 6 LIGHTS EQUALLY SPACED 2 GROUPS OF 3 LIGHTS

THRESHOLD LIGHTING NON-INSTRUMENT/ NON PRECISION RUNWAY

RUNWAY TRANSPORT LIGHTS

OPTION 1

OPTION 2

OPTION 3

THRESHOLD LIGHTING CONFIGURATIONS

RUNWAY THRESHOLD IDENTIFICATION LIGHTS

RUNWAY THRESHOLD IDENTIFICATION LIGHTS

RUNWAY THRESHOLD IDENTIFICATION LIGHTS

RUNWAY THRESHOLD IDENTIFICATION LIGHTS SHOULD BE FLASHING WHITE LIGHTS FLASH FREQUENCY BETWEEN 60 AND 120 PER MINUTE AT A THRESHOLD OF A NON PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY WHEN ADDITIONAL THRESHOLD CONSPICUITY IS RECOMMENDED WHERE A RUNWAY THRESHOLD IS PERMANENTLY OR TEMPORARY IS DISPLACED

RUNWAY THRESHOLD IDENTIFICATION LIGHTS

RUNWAY THRESHOLD IDENTIFICATION LIGHTS

THRESHOLD WINGBAR LIGHTS

THRESHOLD WINGBAR LIGHTS

THRESHOLD WINGBAR LIGHTS

SHOULD BE PROVIDED ON A PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY WHEN ADDITIONAL CONSPICUITY IS RECOMMENDED. SHALL BE RECOMMENDED ON A NON INSTRUMENT OR NON PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY WHERE THRESHOLD IS DISPLACED

THRESHOLD WINGBAR LIGHTS

RUNWAY CENTRELINE

RUNWAY CENTRELINE

RUNWAY CENTRELINE

RUNWAY CENTRE LINE LIGHTING SHALL BE PROVIDED CAT II III OVER FULL LENGTH OF RW WHITE LIGHTS FROM THRESHOLD 900M RW END WHITE FROM 900 300 RW END RED WHITE FROM 300 END RED ONLY

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING SYSTEM

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING

TOUCHDOWN LIGHTING SHALL BE PROVIDED APPROACH RUNWAY CATEGORY II OR III EXTEND FROM THRESHOLD FOR A LONGITUDINAL DISTANCE OF 900 METER ON RUNWAYS LESS THAN 1800 METER SYSTEM IS SHORTENED. SHALL NOT BE BEYOND MIDPOINT RUNWAY

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING

SHALL BE COMPOSED OF AT LEAST 3 LAMPS SHOULD BE NOT LESS THAN 3 METERS SHOULD BE NOT MORE THEN 4.5 METERS LENGTH OF SRB AND TDZ BARRETTES SHOULD BE THE SAME

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING TAXIWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTING STOP BARS RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS INFORMATION SIGNS MANDATORY SIGNS INTERMEDIATE HOLDING BARS

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

TAXIWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTING

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

STOP BARS

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS

TAXIWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

CLEARANCE BARS

SIGNS

SIGNS

SIGNS

MANDATORY INSTRUCTION SIGNS

INFORMATION SIGNS VOR AERODROME CHECKPOINT SIGNS AERODROME IDENTIFICATION SIGN AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION SIGN ROAD HOLDING POSITION SIGN

SIGNS

GENERAL MANDATORY INSTRUCTION SIGN - PROVIDES INSTRUCTION TO BE FOLLOWED BY AIRCRAFT OR VEHICLE - INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING - RUNWAY DESIGNATION - RUNWAY HOLDING POSITION SIGNS - NO ENTRY SIGNS NO AIRCRAFT OR VEHICLE SHALL PROCEED UNLESS AUTHORIZES BY THE CONTROL TOWER

SIGNS

GENERAL INFORMATION SIGN HEIGHT

GENERAL LOCATION AND HEIGHT AS PER ICAO

SIGN HEIGHT DEPENDS ON CODE NUMBER RUNWAY

SIGNS

LOCATION MANDATORY SIGN HOLING POSITION

SIGNS

TYPICAL MANDATORY SIGN

LOCATION-RUNWAY DESIGNATION

SIGNS

LOCATION MANDATORY SIGN HOLDING POSITION

APRON SYSTEMS

APRON SYSTEMS

APRON SYSTEMS

APRON SYSTEMS
APRON EDGE LIGHTING AIRCRAFT MANEUVERING LIGHTING APRON FLOOD LIGHTING VISUAL DOCKING SYSTEMS

APRON SYSTEMS

APRON EDGE LIGHTING

APRON SYSTEMS

APRON STAND MANEUVERING LIGHTING

APRON SYSTEMS

APRON FLOOD LIGHTING

MISCELLANEOUS

MISCELLANEOUS

MISCELLANEOUS

MISCELLANEOUS
POWER SUPPLY CONTROL SYSTEM CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATORS SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

POWER SUPPLY: BACK-UP POWER SOURCES

BACK UP POWER SOURCES

- BATTERY SUPPLY - CENTRALIZED BACK-UP POWER SECOND EXTERNAL SOURCE DIESEL DRIVEN GENERATOR - START TIME 10-15 SECONDS DYNAMIC NO BREAK SET - LESS THAN ONE SECOND - DIESEL DRIVEN STATIC NO BREAK SET - LESS THAN ONE SECOND

POWER SUPPLY: BACK-UP POWER SOURCES

POWER SUPPLY VISUAL GROUND AIDS

POWER SUPPLY: BACK-UP POWER SOURCES

SINGLE EXTERNAL SUPPLY IS NOT RELIABLE DOES NOT MEET ICAO

FROM EXTERNAL SOURCE

POWER SUPPLY: BACK-UP POWER SOURCES

POWER SUPPLY: BACK-UP POWER SOURCES

CENTRAL POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY: BACK-UP POWER SOURCES

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

CONTROL OF AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

CONTROL SYSTEM
CONVENTIONAL SAFE CONTROL ASP SYSTEM

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

CONTROL OF AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROLLED BY ATC IN VISUAL CONTROL ROOM CONTROL TOWER. CONTROLLED BY FSS IN CONTROL ROOM LOCAL CONTROL IN AIRFIELD STATION PILOT CONTROL FROM AIRCRAFT

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR CONTROL BY USING MIMIC CONTROL PANEL IN VISUAL CONTROL ROOM BY USING COMPUTER CONTROLLED SYSTEM - TOUCH SCREEN VISUAL CONTROL ROOM - KEYBOARD AND MONITOR IN VISUAL CONTROL ROOM

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR CONTROL FUNCTIONS TO BE CONTROLLED MIMIC PANEL SHOWING AIRPORT CONFIGURATION STATUS INDICATION BY LAMPS PUSH BUTTONS TO CONTROL INTENSITY OF CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATORS

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR CONTROL FUNCTIONS TO BE CONTROLLED ON/OFF STATUS EACH CCR INTENSITY LEVEL OF CCR (3 OR 5 LEVELS) BACK INDICATION THAT CCR IS ON FAULT

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

MIMIC CONTROL PANEL

AIRFIELD LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROL

CONTROL SYSTEMS DIAGRAM

CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR

CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATORS

CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATOR

CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATORS

POWER DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM SHOWING THE NUMBER OF CCRS

SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

INCLUDES INSTRUCTIONS ON GUIDANCE, CONTROL AND REGULATIONS OF ALL MOVEMENT IN THE OPERATIONAL AREAS PREVENT INCUSIONS OF VEHICLES IN AIRCRAFT BY SIGNS AND COMMUNICATION (CAR TRACKING) GUIDE AIRCRAFT IN ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITION BY TAXING ON TW. SMART TW CTR LIGHTING CONTROL

SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

INTALLATION DETAILS HAS CONSIDERABLE INPACT ON COST PRIMARY CABLE DIRECT BURRIED OR IN PVC DUCT BANK SYSTEM DEEPCANS OR SHALLOW CANS CIRCUITS INTERLEAVED

SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM

END