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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
MATLAB
Ccarita Cruz Fredy Alan, Hugo Reymundo Alvarez
Profesor: Mgt. Roy Snchez Gutirrez
Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per, Maestra en Ingeniera Mecnica, Mtodos
Matemticos y Numricos para Ingeniera
Lima: 27.05.2011
RESUMEN
En este estudio sobre pndulo elstico muelle-masa que se investiga. Con el fin de
resolver un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales no lineales que se obtienen de la
aplicacin de la segunda ley de newton que representan el fenmeno fsico y que no es
posible determinar la solucin por los mtodos analticos, considerando solucionarlo y
demostrar que si es posible con los mtodos numricos y en este caso utilizaremos el
mtodo numrico de Runge Kutta 4 para sistemas con ayuda del software Matlab, se har
la demostracin para dos variaciones de longitud del pndulo y ver que eventos se
producen por estas variaciones, los resultados se compararan con otros trabajos para
verificar los mismo, al final quedamos conforme con el trabajo porque lo dicho
anteriormente ha podido ser demostrado.
Palabras claves: pndulo elstico, la oscilacin no lineal, la tcnica de simulacin,
Matlab, Runge - Kutta
ABSTRACT
In this study of elastic spring-mass pendulum is investigated. In order to solve a system of
nonlinear differential equations obtained from the application of Newton's second law to
represent the physical phenomenon and it is not possible to determine the solution by
analytical methods, considering solutions and demonstrate that it is possible with
numerical methods and in this case we use the numerical method of Runge Kutta 4 for
systems using the Matlab software, will show for two variations of length of the pendulum
and see what events are produced by these variations, the results were compared with
other papers for the same in the end we were satisfied with the work because of the above
has been demonstrated
.
Keywords: elastic pendulum, nonlinear oscillation, the technique of simulation, Matlab,
Runge Kutta 4
1. INTRODUCION
La
aplicacin
de
las
ecuaciones
diferenciales dentro de la ingeniera
Mecanica para determinar las ecuaciones
MTODOS MATEMTICOS Y NUMRICOS PARA INGENIERA
FECHA: MAYO 2011
alguna
manera
estas
ecuaciones
diferenciales, razn por la cual hoy en da
hay muchos mtodos como el Mtodo de
Elementos Finitos (FEM), Diferencias
Finitas (FDM), Mtodo de Variacin
Iteracional (VIM), Mtodo de Perturbacin
Homotropica (HPM) etc etc, para nuestro
caso utilizaremos el mtodo de Runge
Kutta 4 en Matlab.
sin = m 2 +
=
=2 +
(3)
sin
=2 +
(1)
(2)
= ( )
=
[ ( )] =
cos
+ ( )=
( )=
+
(4)
(5)
(6)
( )
De donde:
L
r
( )
Creacin de la matriz
(7)
k
m
g
t
= 12.64;
= 19.61
determinaremos
Tendremos lo siguiente:
+ 9.80665
= 0.35
3. SOLUCIN NUMRICA
Para la solucin numrica con Runge
Kutta 4 para sistemas, debemos de utilizar
las ecuaciones (3) y (7), pero antes
debemos de trasformar estas ecuaciones
a un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales:
MTODOS MATEMTICOS Y NUMRICOS PARA INGENIERA
FECHA: MAYO 2011
) 160
9.80665
+ 80
=
una
0.5
0
3
0
0.5
0
3
0
; M=100
r
0.5000
0.5001
0.5002
0.5006
0.5010
0.5015
0.5022
0
0.0245
0.0490
0.0734
0.0976
0.1217
0.1455
1.0472
1.0470
1.0463
1.0453
1.0438
1.0419
1.0396
0
-0.0849
-0.1697
-0.2542
-0.3384
-0.4221
-0.5051
0.0350
0.0400
0.0450
0.0500
0.0550
0.0600
0.0650
0.0700
0.0750
0.0800
0.0850
0.0900
0.0950
0.1000
0.1050
0.1100
0.1150
0.1200
0.1250
0.1300
0.1350
0.1400
0.1450
0.1500
0.1550
0.1600
0.1650
0.1700
0.1750
0.1800
0.1850
0.1900
0.1950
0.2000
0.2050
0.2100
0.2150
0.2200
0.2250
0.2300
0.2350
0.2400
0.2450
0.2500
0.2550
0.2600
0.2650
0.2700
0.2750
0.2800
0.2850
0.2900
0.2950
0.3000
0.5030
0.5039
0.5049
0.5060
0.5073
0.5086
0.5101
0.5117
0.5133
0.5151
0.5169
0.5189
0.5209
0.5230
0.5252
0.5275
0.5299
0.5323
0.5347
0.5372
0.5398
0.5424
0.5451
0.5478
0.5505
0.5532
0.5560
0.5587
0.5615
0.5642
0.5670
0.5697
0.5724
0.5751
0.5778
0.5804
0.5830
0.5855
0.5880
0.5905
0.5928
0.5951
0.5973
0.5995
0.6016
0.6036
0.6055
0.6073
0.6090
0.6106
0.6122
0.6136
0.6149
0.6162
0.1691
0.1924
0.2153
0.2378
0.2599
0.2815
0.3026
0.3231
0.3429
0.3621
0.3807
0.3984
0.4154
0.4315
0.4468
0.4612
0.4746
0.4871
0.4986
0.5090
0.5184
0.5266
0.5338
0.5398
0.5447
0.5484
0.5509
0.5523
0.5525
0.5515
0.5493
0.5459
0.5414
0.5358
0.5290
0.5211
0.5121
0.5021
0.4911
0.4791
0.4662
0.4525
0.4378
0.4224
0.4063
0.3895
0.3721
0.3541
0.3357
0.3168
0.2976
0.2781
0.2583
0.2385
1.0369
1.0337
1.0302
1.0262
1.0219
1.0171
1.0120
1.0065
1.0007
0.9945
0.9879
0.9810
0.9737
0.9661
0.9582
0.9500
0.9415
0.9326
0.9235
0.9141
0.9045
0.8945
0.8844
0.8739
0.8633
0.8524
0.8412
0.8299
0.8183
0.8066
0.7946
0.7825
0.7702
0.7576
0.7450
0.7321
0.7191
0.7059
0.6925
0.6790
0.6654
0.6516
0.6377
0.6236
0.6094
0.5950
0.5805
0.5659
0.5511
0.5362
0.5212
0.5061
0.4908
0.4754
-0.5875
-0.6690
-0.7495
-0.8291
-0.9075
-0.9847
-1.0605
-1.1351
-1.2081
-1.2797
-1.3498
-1.4182
-1.4850
-1.5502
-1.6137
-1.6755
-1.7356
-1.7940
-1.8508
-1.9058
-1.9592
-2.0110
-2.0612
-2.1098
-2.1569
-2.2025
-2.2467
-2.2895
-2.3310
-2.3712
-2.4101
-2.4479
-2.4846
-2.5202
-2.5548
-2.5885
-2.6213
-2.6533
-2.6845
-2.7149
-2.7447
-2.7739
-2.8025
-2.8306
-2.8582
-2.8853
-2.9120
-2.9383
-2.9643
-2.9900
-3.0153
-3.0404
-3.0653
-3.0899
0.3050
0.3100
0.3150
0.3200
0.3250
0.3300
0.3350
0.3400
0.3450
0.3500
0.3550
0.3600
0.3650
0.3700
0.3750
0.3800
0.3850
0.3900
0.3950
0.4000
0.4050
0.4100
0.4150
0.4200
0.4250
0.4300
0.4350
0.4400
0.4450
0.6173
0.6184
0.6193
0.6202
0.6209
0.6216
0.6221
0.6226
0.6229
0.6232
0.6234
0.6235
0.6235
0.6234
0.6233
0.6231
0.6228
0.6225
0.6221
0.6216
0.6211
0.6206
0.6200
0.6194
0.6187
0.6180
0.6173
0.6165
0.6158
0.2185 0.4599
0.1985 0.4443
0.1786 0.4285
0.1587 0.4127
0.1391 0.3967
0.1197 0.3806
0.1006 0.3644
0.0819 0.3480
0.0636 0.3316
0.0458 0.3150
0.0286 0.2983
0.0119 0.2816
-0.0041 0.2647
-0.0195 0.2477
-0.0342 0.2306
-0.0481 0.2134
-0.0612 0.1961
-0.0736 0.1788
-0.0851 0.1613
-0.0958 0.1437
-0.1057 0.1261
-0.1147 0.1084
-0.1229 0.0906
-0.1302 0.0727
-0.1367 0.0548
-0.1423 0.0368
-0.1472 0.0188
-0.1513 0.0007
-0.1546 -0.0175
-3.1142
-3.1383
-3.1622
-3.1859
-3.2093
-3.2325
-3.2555
-3.2782
-3.3006
-3.3227
-3.3444
-3.3658
-3.3868
-3.4074
-3.4275
-3.4471
-3.4662
-3.4846
-3.5024
-3.5195
-3.5358
-3.5514
-3.5660
-3.5798
-3.5926
-3.6043
-3.6150
-3.6245
-3.6329
0.4500
0.4550
0.4600
0.4650
0.4700
0.4750
0.4800
0.4850
0.4900
0.4950
0.5000
0.6150
0.6142
0.6134
0.6126
0.6118
0.6110
0.6102
0.6094
0.6086
0.6078
0.6070
-0.1572
-0.1591
-0.1603
-0.1610
-0.1611
-0.1606
-0.1597
-0.1584
-0.1568
-0.1548
-0.1526
-0.0357
-0.0539
-0.0721
-0.0904
-0.1087
-0.1269
-0.1452
-0.1635
-0.1817
-0.1999
-0.2181
-3.6400
-3.6458
-3.6502
-3.6533
-3.6550
-3.6552
-3.6539
-3.6510
-3.6466
-3.6407
-3.6331
>> plot(A(:,1),180*A(:,4)/pi,'r')
(Tiempo * Grados sexagecimales)
grid on
axis on
>> plot(A(:,1),A(:,2),'r')
xlabel('tiempo')
ylabel('radio')
5. REFERENCIAS
Zekeyra Girgin, Ersin Demir 2008,
Investigation
of
elastic
pendulum
oscillations by simulation technique, 8186.
Jorge Rodriguez Hernandez,
Dinamica, Cap II, Cap X
2010,