BESs Institute of Management Studies and Research

MARKETING MANAGEMENT SCRAP BOOK PROJECT ON ROBOTICS

Submitted to: Prof. Dhanashree Pote. Submitted by: Mufaddal S. Kagalwala Roll No. 22 Ist Year M.M.S.(2010-2012)

Date : 29/12/2010 ______________

Sign:

Contents
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Particulars
Global Robotics Overview History of Aldebaran Robotics Management Team Investors NAO for Education NAO at RoboCup NAO for Private Users NAO Programmable NAO Technical Specifications NAOs Interactiveness NAO being Self Contained NAO being Agile NAO in Media

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Global Robotics Overview

Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, and

their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to electronics, mechanics, and software. The word "robot" was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel apek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The term "robotics" was coined by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!" Fully autonomous robots only appeared in the second half of the 20th century. The first digitally operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them. Today, commercial and industrial robots are in widespread use performing jobs more cheaply or more accurately and reliably than humans. They are also employed in jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans. Robots are widely used in manufacturing, assembly, and packing; transport; earth and space exploration; surgery; weaponry; laboratory research; safety; and mass production of consumer and industrial goods.
Date First century A.D. and earlier Significance Descriptions of more than 100 machines and automata, including a fire engine, a wind organ, a coin-operated machine, and a steampowered engine, in Pneumatica and Automata by Heron of Alexandria Created early humanoid automata, programmable automaton band Designs for a humanoid robot Mechanical duck that was able to eat, flap its wings, and excrete The novel Spinoza introduced a humanoid automaton activated by inscribing Robot band, handwashing automaton,automate d moving peacocks Mechanical knight Digesting Duck Robot Name Inventor Ctesibius, Philo of Byzantium, Heron of Alexandria, and others

1206

Al-Jazari

1495 1738

Leonardo da Vinci Jacques de Vaucanson Berthold Auerbach

1837

The Golem of Prague

Hebrew letters on its forehead based on Jewish folklore 1898 1921 Nikola Tesla demonstrates first radio-controlled vessel. First fictional automatons called "robots" appear in the play R.U.R. Humanoid robot exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs Simple robots exhibiting biological behaviors First commercial robot, from the Unimation company founded by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger, based on Devol's patents First installed industrial robot. First palletizing robot First industrial robot with six electromechanically driven axes Programmable universal manipulation arm, a Unimation product Teleautomaton Rossum's Universal Robots Elektro Nikola Tesla Karel apek

1930s

Westinghouse Electric Corporation William Grey Walter George Devol

1948 1956

Elsie and Elmer Unimate

1961 1963 1973

Unimate Palletizer Famulus

George Devol Fuji Yusoki Kogyo KUKA Robot Group Victor Scheinman

1975

PUMA

Being into Robotics from six years down the line. I have made a study of this company (Aldebaran Robotics). As per study with a few other robotic companies I have found Aldebaran to be above all in terms of technology and design. In the study the subject of study is the most reputed product of Aldebaran i.e NAO! We shall start with NAO for Educational purposes, and then further in line we shall study about NAO at the Robocup, NAO for Private users. After this we shall study about how it is programmable, its technical specifications, how it is interactive, self contained, and its agility. But before all this we shall bit learn about the companys history which goes as such. History: Bruno Maisonnier, founder of Aldebaran Robotics, has been convinced for 25 years that the era of personal robotics is coming. During these years, he has developed prototypes, evaluated technologies, met with research teams and analyzed the markets, in addition to serving as the CEO of several companies in multicultural contexts. With the rise of mobile technologies and the coming together of key collaborators, the potentials have now become the possibilities: In 2005 he launched Aldebaran Robotics, the first French company dealing with humanoid robotics. The Aldebaran Robotics' team, which currently consists of 80 members, is entirely dedicated to the development and sales of its first products.

Management Team

Bruno Maisonnier - CEO CEO of several financial companies in different countries and Multicultural IT projects manager. He has been following the robotics market and its evolution for 25 years.

Fabien Bardinet - Deputy CEO 10 years of international company management (mass market, then specialised in finance)

Jean-Michel Perbet, COO A career in consumer electronics, first at Texas Instruments then with Sony Electronics as President of the French sales company and later on as COO Sony Europe. He then moved to the video game industry with Infogrames/Atari as Deputy COO and President of Atari Europe & Asia

Stphane Labrunie - VP Sales & Marketing Stephane has a successful Sales and Marketing track record in Europe, for software, solutions and mobile contents, focused on the Media and Telecommunication markets. He grew and learnt within large technology groups such as Schlumberger (since Gemalto) and Lucent Software Group. Stephane brought up I-play, a UK start up, to the Top 4 of the European mobile gaming market until I-play acquisition end 2007. More recently he was the CEO at Webwag.

Alec Lafourcade-Jumenbo - VP Manufacturing 13 years' experience in new technology at Sagem, during which he held R&D and Marketing positions, as well as international programme management in Telecommunications.

Matthew Stroud - Communication and Community Manager American, a graduate of Sciences Po Paris and Columbia University of New York. He has more than 7 years experience in communications in France and internationally.

Investors.
CDC Innovation CDC Innovation is an international venture capital firm founded in 1996, with its head office in Paris and a local presence in the Silicon Valley and in Switzerland. With over 415 M currently under management, our focus is on venture investments at both the early and late stage, in two sectors: information technologies and life sciences. Our aim is to create value by providing talented entrepreneurs with the resources, experience, and network necessary to turn world-class technologies into great businesses. I-Source I-Source Gestion is an early stage venture capital firm, focusing on Information and Communication Technologies (Software, Saas, Multimedia and

Telecom). We invest at the first round in early stage companies (either just created or up to 3 years of existence). Our funds are managed by a stable and senior team with a strong background in the industry, in finance and in entrepreneurship. This allows us to actively support each portfolio company and bring significant added value. Crdit Agricole Crdit Agricole Private Equity is the Crdit Agricole group's private equity arm. Its team of fifty professionals supports companies at all stages of their growth & expansion, from start-up right through to sale, in a long-term relationship of mutual trust & proximity.

NAO for Education:

NAO is the most used humanoid robot for academic purposes worldwide. Aldebaran Robotics has chosen to make NAO's technology available to any higher education program. Fully interactive, fun and permanently evolving, NAO is a standard platform for teaching students of all levels. Complete with a user-friendly programming environment, students and teachers can use at any programming level. It is really easy to start working on NAO, and our educational kits will get you teaching with NAO in no time! From simple visual programming to elaborate embedded modules, the versatility of NAO and his programming environment enables users to explore a wide variety of subjects at whatever level of programming complexity and experience. In order to further democratize innovative academic tools such as NAO, we have a large product range to match with customers budget constraints and market needs: our price list stretches from 1,000 to 12,000 (VAT excluded).

NAO at RoboCup:

RoboCup is the worlds largest robotics competition around the theme of football. In just over 10 years it has become an international event that brings together over 3,000 students to compete for a week with every kind of robot. The competition is divided into different leagues. The Standard Platform league is one of them, where all robots are strictly similar and only programming skills and strategies are rewarded. In July 2007, NAO was nominated as the official platform for the standard league by the RoboCup Organizing Committee, and successor to Sonys Aibo robot dog. NAOs first participation occurred in July 2008 at Suzhou in China, where 15 university teams from all over the world made full use of the

physical and cognitive capacities of dozens of NAO (2 per team) in football matches. In 2009, no less than 100 NAO competed at Graz in Austria split between 24 teams (4 per team) participating in the 2009 RoboCup. In 2010, the RoboCup was in Singapore.

NAO for Private Users: A Robot companion, at home

In addition to NAO Academics Edition, dedicated to laboratories and universities, Aldebaran Robotics is designing en entertainment version of the NAO platform, for private users. Based on the NAO Academics Edition architecture, the general public version will be the perfect companion for new technology fans. Unlike NAO Academics Edition, the general public version will come with a wide set of service, learning and entertainment behaviours.

NAO Compagnon is designed for a wide audience of technology lovers, he will come with a set of predefined behaviours to make him instantly interactive with the environment. These behaviours will be selected to correspond to a given context, using a decision-making system that is currently under development. NAO will also be able to logon to Internet via Wi-Fi to regularly download new behaviours and offer new applications on demand. Nevertheless, since we know that our most demanding technology fans will want to add their own behaviours, we will equip NAO Compagnon

with a programming interface like Choregraphe so that they can give free rein to their creativity. Whether you want to teach NAO new behaviours or just enjoy the behaviours developed by the community, the only limit to the behaviours your NAO can integrate is your imagination! We are convinced that design is a key element for NAOs adoption in the family environment, so we have worked on this aspect in partnership with a Paris design school and with designers Thomas Knoll and Erik Arlen in particular.

NAO Programmable:

Choregraphe. Wholly designed and developed by Aldebaran Robotics, Choregraphe is the programming software that lets NAO users create and edit movements and interactive behaviours with complete simplicity. The intuitive graphic interface, the library of behaviours delivered as a standard feature and the advanced programming functions satisfy the needs of novices and experts. Everyone can compose their own behaviours by a simple drag/copy from the library or else create their own boxes and save them in their personal library. Choregraphe accepts Urbi and Python language, so it can directly call C++ modules developed separately. It comes with many detailed examples to simplify the learning process. Choregraphe is multi-platform and can easily be integrated into your development environment; it is compatible with Windows, Mac OS and Linux. One module displays the camera feedback on your computer screen and lets you adjust the image, take photos and access the values from all NAO sensors. Robot programming often requires a simulation phase. Choregraphe is compatible with the simulators on the market such as Microsoft Robotics Studio and Webots from Cyberbotics, which allow you to test behaviours in custom environments with one or more NAO.

Choregraphe is delivered with NAO Academics Edition as a standard feature. You may download a trial version of Choregraphe at the bottom of this page Choregraphe evaluation key (30 days) 4471-253b-255c-724e-7e63-2617-6a5e-4e70-5f47-5e47 Software Development Kit. Reserved for the research and teaching fields, NAO Academics Edition is delivered with a complete SDK that naturally includes a description of the programming methods, examples and the appropriate compilation and debugging tools. The API proposed range from advanced programming in Python to real time programming in C++ with direct access to raw data from sensors and activators every 10 ms. .Net Compatible. NAO's API can be accessed from a remote PC using any language supported by the .Net Framework version 2 or above including C# and VBScript. With auto-completion and integrated help, it makes communicating with your NAO easy from popular windows tools such as Microsoft Visual Studio. NAO support Gosta UrbiScript: Gostai is a French start-up developing Urbi, a universal software platform for robotics and complex systems. Urbi is architecture on top of urbiScript, a powerful parallel script language, coupled with the UObject component architecture, usable to control hardware and software components in a flexible and portable way. It's also fully interfaced with C++, Java and Matlab which makes it the perfect tool for developers with programming skills and experience with these languages. Urbi is already compatible with many robots on the market, including Aldebaran Robotics NAO, the RoboCup's official robot.

Technical Specifications:

Kinematics The scheme on the left presents all the robots axes. Together, these axes allow 25 degrees of freedom, which when coupled with the inertial sensor, the force sensitive resistors, the Hall Effect sensors, the infrared receiver and the sonar sensors, allows NAO a high level of stability and fluidity in its movements.

Motion range: Part Joint name Head Left arm HeadYaw HeadPitch LShoulderPi tch LShoulderR oll LElbowRoll LElbowYaw LWristYaw LHand LHipYawPitc h LHipPitch LHipRoll LKneePitch LAnklePitch LAnkleRoll Right Leg RHipYawPit ch RHipPitch RHipRoll RKneePitch RAnklePitch Right arm RAnkleRoll RShoulderPi tch RShoulderR oll RElbowRoll RElbowYaw RWristYaw RHand

Motion Head joint twist (Z) Head joint front & back (Y) Left shoulder joint front & back (Y) Left shoulder joint right & left (Z) Left shoulder joint twist (X) Left elbow joint (Z) Left wrist joint twist (X) Left hand Left hip joint twist (Z45) Left hip joint front and back (Y) Left hip joint right & left (X) Left knee joint (Y) Left ankle joint front & back (Y) Left ankle joint right & left (X) Right hip joint twist (Z45) Right hip joint front and back (Y) Right hip joint right & left (X) Right knee joint (Y) Right ankle joint front & back (Y) Right ankle right & left (X) Right shoulder joint front & back (Y) Right shoulder joint right & left (Z) Right shoulder joint twist (X) Right elbow joint (Z) Right wrist joint twist (X) Right hand Actuators

Range (degrees) -120 / 120 -39 / 30 -120 / 120 0 / 95 -90 / 0 -120 / 120 -105 / 105 open/close -44 / 68 -104.5 / 28.5 -25 / 45 -5 / 125 -70.5 / 54 -45 / 25 -68 / 44 -104.5 / 28.5 -45 / 25 -5 / 125 -70.5 / 54 -25 / 45 -120 / 120 -95 / 0 0 / 90 -120 / 120 -105 / 105 open/close

Left leg

General characteristics Body characteristics Height ~ 58 cm Weight ~ 4.3 kg Body type Technical plastic Energy Charger AC 90-230 volts / DC

Hall effect sensors Aldebaran dsPICS RoboticsTM microcontrollers original design Coreless MAXON based on: DC motors

24 volts Battery ~ 90 min. autonomy capacity Degrees of freedom Head 2 DOF Arm 5 DOF in each arm Pelvis 1 DOF Leg 5 DOF in each leg Hand 1 DOF in each hand Multimedia Speakers 2 Loudspeakers Microphones 4 Microphones 2 CMOS digital Vision cameras Network access Connections Wi-fi (IEEE 802.11g) type Ethernet connection

Sensors 32 x Hall effect sensors 1 x gyrometer 2 axis 1 x accelerometer 3 Different type axis 2 x bumpers 2 channel sonar 2 x I/R Tactile sensor LED 12 LED 16 Blue Tactile sensor levels 2 x 8 LED RGB Eyes Fullcolour 2 x 10 LED 16 Blue Ears levels Torso 1 LED RGB Fullcolor 2 x 1 LED RGB Feet Fullcolor Motherboard x86 AMD 256 MB SDRAM / 2 GEODE GB flash memory 500MHz CPU Embedded Software Embedded Linux (32 bit x86 ELF) OS using custom OpenEmbedded based distribution Programming C, C++, URBI, languages Python, .Net

Motor specifications Motor Type 1 No Load 8000 RPM Speed Stall Torque 59.5 mNm Nominal 6330 RPM Speed Nominal 12.3 mNm Torque Reduction 201.3 ratio type 1 No Load 238.45 /s Speed (4.76/20ms)

Motor Type 2 No Load Speed Stall Torque Nominal Speed Nominal Torque Reduction ratio type 1 No Load Speed

11900 RPM 15.1 mNm 8810 RPM 3.84 mNm 150.27 473.72 /s (9.47/20ms)

Stall Torque Nominal Speed Nominal Torque Reduction ratio type 2 No Load Speed

11.97 Nm (without the ratio efficiency) 188.67 /s (3.77/20ms) 2.47 Nm (without the ratio efficiency) 130.85

Stall Torque Nominal Torque Nominal Torque Reduction ratio type 2 No Load Speed

2.27 Nm (without the ratio efficiency) 351.77 /s (7.03/20ms) 0.57 Nm (without the ratio efficiency) 173.22

366.83 /s (7.33/20ms) 7.78 Nm (without the Stall Torque ratio efficiency) Nominal 290.25 /s Speed (5.80/20ms) Nominal 1.61 Nm (without the Torque ratio efficiency)

412.19 /s (8.24/20ms) 2.61 Nm (without Stall Torque the ratio efficiency) Nominal 305.16 /s Speed (6.10/20ms) Nominal 0.66 Nm (without Torque the ratio efficiency)

Interactiveness:

NAO listens. NAO has four microphones fitted into his head and a voice recognition and analysis system. He recognizes a set of predefined words that you can supplement with your own expressions. These words trigger any behaviour you choose. Available so far in English and French, we are working on adding six other languages (Dutch, German, Italian, Spanish, Mandarin and Korean). NAO is also capable of detecting the source of a sound or voice to deal with that source and start interacting.

Listening to NAO NAO can express himself by reading out any file stored locally in his storage space or captured from a web site of RSS flow. Fitted with two speakers placed on either side of the head, his vocal

synthesis system can be configured, allowing for voice alterations such as speed or tone. He is available in French and English and we are currently developing other languages for this vocal synthesis in the meantime. Naturally, you can send a music file to NAO and have him play it. He accepts _.wav and _.mp3 formats, which allows you to punctuate your behaviours with music or personalized sounds.

NAO sees NAO sees by means of two CMOS 640 x 480 cameras, which can capture up to 30 images per second. The first is on the forehead, aimed at NAOs horizon, while the second camera is placed at mouth level to scan the immediate environment. The software lets you recover photos that NAO sees and video streams. Yet what use are eyes, unless you can also perceive and interpret your surroundings? Thats why NAO contains a set of algorithms to detect and recognize faces and shapes, so he can recognize the person talking to him, find a ball, and ultimately much more complex objects. These algorithms have been specially developed, with constant care taken to use up minimum processor resources. Furthermore, NAOs SDK lets you develop your own modules interfaced with OpenCV (the Open Source Computer Vision library initially developed by Intel). As you have the option to execute modules on NAO or transfer them to another PC connected to NAO, you can easily use the OpenCV display functions to develop and test your own algorithms with image feedback.

NAO reacts to touch NAO is fitted with a capacitive sensor placed on the top of his head, divided into three sections. You can therefore give NAO information through touch: pressing once to tell him to turn off, for example, or using this sensor as a series of buttons to trigger an associated action. The system comes with LED, indicating the type of contact. It is also possible to program complex sequences.

NAO is connected NAO can communicate in several ways. For local connections, infrared senders/receivers placed in his eyes allow him to connect to the objects in his environment, serving as a remote control. Yet NAO can also logon to your local network via Wi-Fi, making it easy to pilot and program him through a computer, or any other object that has a Wi-Fi connection. The Wi-Fi key is connected to the mother board and accepts a, b and g standards. Besides local communication, NAO can browse the Internet, of course, and interface with any website to send or retrieve data. When two NAO meetthey can talk to each other and work together. You can choose to connect them directly in Wi-Fi, infrared or even body language. This really facilitates research possibilities on collaborative work between robots and means that several NAO can perform complex tasks such as geographic positioning or pooling analytical capacity.

NAO being Self Contained:

Always upright! NAO is equipped with an inertial central unit, composed of an accelerometer (3 axes) and a gyrometer (2 axes). The values sent by the central unit are retrieved and used to give NAO a sense of balance. The analysis of the data from the central unit also lets him know whether he is upright or lying on his back or front, so he can start kinematics to stand up. He can also adjust the angle of his hips if he is operating on an incline.

NAO avoids obstacles Equipped with two pairs of ultra-sound senders/receivers on the torso; NAO receives feedback on several echoes. As a result, NAO is aware of whether or not obstacles are close. The values returned by these sensors can also be used to detect a movement or an object passing in front of him, whether to his right or left. If an obstacle is too low to be detected at torso level (small step, object placed on the floor, etc.) mechanical sensors placed at the tip of the feet

give him absolute data on the contact with the obstacle, which allows him to commence an avoidance behaviour, for example. Floor contact Each of NAOs soles is fitted with pressure sensors. The values transmitted determine NAOs posture changes and the position of the foots pressure centre, so it reacts appropriately to fine tune NAOs balance.

NAO is Agile:

NAO the contortionist. NAOs 25 degrees of freedom make him very agile. Programming complex movements and genuine choreographies definitely fall within his scope. Each gear motor was specially designed for NAO. Besides the motors, magnetic rotary encoders are fitted to the joints and provide detailed information on their angle. The servomechanism on the DSpic occurs every millisecond and the joint data (position and power) is fed back to the central processor every 10 ms (Geode at 500 MHz)

NAO's hands Both of NAOs hands have three interdependent fingers forming a pincer that can seize and lift small objects. The finger and wrist motors are reversible. NAO can carry up to about 300 g (one bottle) using both hands.

NAO in Media:
The Engadget Show - 016: Mitsubishi's Frank DeMartin, iRobot, Aldebaran's NAO robot, Ubisoft Battle Tag, CES '11 preview, and more! By Chad Mumm posted Dec 20th 2010 11:06AM
Get ready humans, because we have an all new Engadget Show that you do not want to miss! First up, Josh sits down with Mitsubishi product chief Frank DeMartin for a talk about the future of television technology. Next, Paul gets a behind the scenes look at iRobot's headquarters and test-drives military robots in an exclusive new Engadget Show segment. Then, Josh and Paul welcome Aldebaran Robotics to the stage for a never-before-seen demo of

their humanoid robot NAO. Shots fly as Nilay joins the roundtable for a look at Ubisoft's new laser tag game, Battle Tag; and the guys recap the year in tech then preview what's on tap for next year at CES 2011. To round it all out, BIT SHIFTER rocks the house with some killer holiday chiptunes music with visuals by noteNdo. What are you waiting for? Watch it now! Hit up the video stream after the break or download the show in HD below!

Hosts: Joshua Topolsky, Nilay Patel, Paul Miller

Special guests: Frank DeMartin, Colin Angle, Jean-Michel Perbet, Jrome Monceaux Produced and Directed by: Chad Mumm Executive Producer: Joshua Fruhlinger Edited by: Danny Madden

Music by: Bit Shifter Visuals by: notenDo iRobot segment music by: Bit Shifter Opening titles by: Julien Nantiec Engadget iPad Cases by: CafePress Taped live at The Times Center