REPORT OF THE SUBGROUP ON PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (PWM)

SUBGROUP MEMBERS

Dr. R.K. Khandal, SRI, Chairman Dr. S.K. Nigam, CPCB, Member Mr. P.K. Khandelwal, MCD, Member Mr. Dwaraka Nath, Dept. of Env., Member Mr. Arun Kumar, MCD, Member Mr. Tajendra Singh, PWD, Member Dr. U.K. Niyogi, SRI, Member Ms. Shyamala Mani, CEE, Member

PROFILE
Background of Plastic Waste Management (PWM ) Terms of Reference Review the Existing Regulatory System On PWM Review Recommendations of Principal Director of Audit in the Light Of Existing System Review international system of plastic waste

management Sub Group Recommendations on PWM : Summary Proposed Road Map for PWM Conclusion

BACKGROUND : PLASTIC WASTE IN INDIA

Estimated Quantity of PW : 10,000 TPD i.e. 9% of MSW (Based on data from MSW generation) Cause of Threat Assumption of PW (as per CPCB) Per capita generation of PW : Non biodegradability : 15,000 TPD (70% of Plastic consumed) : 5.7 kg /annum

India is a leading country w.r.t. to PW recycling i.e. 60% 90% of the plastic types are recyclable Exact quantification is required

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES / CONCERNS

Littering of plastics carry-bags, packaging films due to lack of proper collection system Plastic waste disposed along with MSW Non recyclable plastic waste of multi-layer,

metallized pouches are burnt, hence cause health hazards Recycling industries functioning in non

conforming areas

PLASTIC WASTE: COMPOSITION

Thermoplastic (80%) LDPE, PET, PVC, HDPE, PP, PS Thermo-Set (20%) Alkyds, Epoxy, Ester, Melamine formaldehyde, Polyurethane, Urea formaldehyde, Phenol formaldehyde, Silicons) Recyclable

Non Recyclable

Commonly littered Plastic Waste PE Carybags, Thermocol, Plastics Cups, Spoons, Multilayer etc.

RECYCLING : AN OPTION FOR PWM

TYPE
Primary Recycling

PRODUCT
Characteristics similar to original Different from original product Starting monomers Energy by burning / incineration

Secondary Recycling Tertiary Recycling Quaternary Recycling

Hazards involve in burning of halogenated plastics Rule exists: Plastics manufacture, sales and usage-1999, amended in 2003; does not cover aspects of PWM

PLASTIC MANUFACTURE & USAGES RULE

Recycled bags for foodstuffs are prohibited Recycling should be as per IS:14534:1998 Carry bags size 8 x 12 inches and thickness <20 m Recycled bags should be pigmented and colorant as per IS:9833:1981 Plastic recycling units should be registered with State PCB / PCC

SUB GROUP ON PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES: To assess Plastic Waste Management in the country Suggestion on prescribed TOR
Review existing PWM Review recommendations of Principal Director of Audit Review international systems of PWM Provide Action Plan to implement the recommendation of CAG

Recommendation of sub group for action

Assessment of status of PWM in India

Basic steps Generation Recycling Status in India ~ 5.7 Kg/capita , 8-10% growth rate ~ 60% Depending on the unorganized collection mechanism Non recyclable Not appropriately regulated Little Composting Lack Scientific Basis

Rejection Disposal Degradation Reduction

Waste generation is bound to grow; regulatory system to be in place Experience of high % of recycling needs to be multiplied Scientific ways to be adopted for rejection, disposal, reduction

TOR of the subgroup on PWM

Review the existing regulatory system on PWM Review recommendations of Principal Director of Audit in the light of existing system Review international system of waste management as provided in the report Provide concrete Action point with Action Plan to implement the recommendation of CAG Any other suggestions Scope of the system Adequacy of the system Comprehensivity Value addition Technological options Challenges in adoption List of actions Plan of actions Sustainable regulatory system Dos and Donts

The subgroup has deliberated on recommendations and worked as per TOR to recommend action plan

Review of Existing Regulatory System

Plastic manufacture, sale and usage rule 1999, as amended in 2003
Pertains To Manufacturing, uses and recycling of plastic carry bags and containers Prescribed Authority For manufacturing & recycling processes - SPCBs and PCCs for use, -DC/DyC segregation, Collection, Transportation & Disposal Does not deal with Waste management specifically

Observation It is not possible for DC & DyC alone to control such a massive activity

For collection, Segregation, Transportation and Disposal Municipal corporation, Council and Panchayat should also be made responsible Focus of Act on recycling of carry bags should cover PWM as a whole

Review of CAG Report Recommendations

Recommendation-I Pertains To Quantum of Plastic Waste Recommends Assessment of quantities on a regular basis Comments Regular data generation through real life surveys

Existing Gap Areas

Data on quantity, type, quality, safety etc. of Plastic Waste dont exist for policy makers Regulators need technical bulletins and information about PWM for enforcement of PWM system recommendation

A machinery that provides technical help A machinery dedicated to policy research on PWM Regular survey for data up-dation

Review of CAG Report Recommendations

Recommendation-II Pertains To Risks Involved Recommends Studies on safety data, factors, health risks etc. Comments The studies should focus on PW as well as PWM

Existing Gap Areas

A lot of misconception about Plastics, PW and PWM Lack of awareness about process, product and technologies Lack of data and data sharing for safety and enforcement

Scientific studies focussing on safety hazards and impact on environment on PW and PWM methods Technical support for regulators Fool-proof (scientific basis) regulatory system

Review of CAG Report Recommendations

Recommendation-III Pertains To Existing Legislation Recommends Penalty for polluter Strict laws & rules Comments Scientific basis behind the rules be the key

Existing Gap Areas

Inadequate laws and rules Lack of clear cut channels of communication and enforcement mechanisms Lack of scientific basis for the existing rules

Defining the polluter Identifying the ways to reduce PW and considering it while making rules Penalty along with reward policy

Review of CAG Report Recommendations

Recommendation-IV Pertains To Responsibility Accountability Recommends A structure with CPCB as the nodal agency with clear cut accountability of state machinery Comments A coordinated approach would be the key

Existing Gap Areas

Lack of focus on responsibility of PW and PWM at various levels of states as well as centre agencies working in arbitrary manner in isolation A coordinated approach to deal with the regulation of PW and PWM through defining clear cut responsibility with accountability Proactive approaches to draw cooperation and support from common people

Review of CAG Report Recommendation

Recommendation-V Pertains To Compliance Mandatory Recommends Time bound plans for waste disposal Framing rules such that DCs and DMs enforce them strictly Comments Focus on plastic waste and not to confuse with hospital waste, electronic waste etc

Existing Gap Areas

Lack of clarity about Plastic Waste; confused with hospital waste, electronic waste etc. Creation of PWM system with complete clarity about enforcement mechanism with well defined responsibility & accountability A scientific document on various types of PW and PWM Waste disposal methodologies and infrastructure should be implemented

Review of CAG Report Recommendations

Recommendation-VI Pertains To Effectiveness of Monitoring Recommends Regular monitoring with schedule Comments Monitoring, Methodology and Criteria

Existing Gap Areas Monitoring activity is not on regular basis Guidelines about monitoring non existent Proper Monitoring Methodologies to be adopted Monitoring Criteria should be well defined Schedule of monitoring based on types of Plastic Waste to be prepared & adhered to

Review of CAG Report Recommendations

Recommendation-VII Pertains To Adequacy of Infrastructure Recommends Comments

Schemes of funding and Procedure and budgetary provisions Guidelines for Capability Building

Existing Gap Areas Lack of capabilities and capacities Lack of schemes for up-gradation and adoption of state-ofthe-art technologies Emphasis on encouragement schemes for those keen to work for PW and PWM Incentives for innovation in PWM

International System of PWM

Environment Specific Echolabelling Monitoring Emissions Green Technology Fuel from Waste Technology Specific Techno-economic feasibility Sustainable Innovative Safety Specific Hazards Risks Degradation Impact on environment

Plastic Waste Management System Road from Waste Value addition by recycling

Value addition specific

Quality performance, Improvement of products Technology selection based on: Scientific approach to manage Plastic Waste Local needs and local resources be matched Adoption of state-of-the-art of technology and system

Recommendations
Scientific ways to be adopted for rejection, disposal, reduction A machinery that provides technical help A machinery dedicated to policy research on PWM Scientific studies focussing on safety hazards and impact on environment on PW and PWM methods Technical support for regulators Fool-proof (scientific basis) regulatory system Defining the polluter Identifying the ways to reduce PW and build it in while making rules Penalty along with reward policy A coordinated approach to deal with the regulation of PW and PWM through clear cut responsibility with accountability Proactive approaches to draw cooperation and support from common people

Recommendations
Creation of PWM system with complete clarity about responsibility accountability and penalty A scientific document on various types of PW and PWM Monitoring Methodologies Monitoring Criteria Schedule of monitoring based on types of Plastic Waste Emphasis on encouragement schemes for those keen to work for PW and PWM Incentives for innovation in PWM Adoption of state-of-the-art of technology and system For collection, Segregation, Transportation and Disposal Municipal corporation, Council and Panchayat should also be made responsible

Proposed Roadmap For PWM (As Prescribed By MCD)

Action Points Prohibiting of littering of plastics carry bags and packaging films, organizing collection & segregation Segregation at Source Actions to be taken by/Time Target Municipal Corpn., Municipal Councils and Panchyats / 3 months Municipal Corpn., Municipal Councils and Panchyats / 3 months District Collectors and SPCBs/PCCs. Local Body 1 month Instrument of implementation Enactment of anti littering law and its enforcement mechanism. Door to door collection and public awareness programmes. Frequent raids in market and industrial areas

Prohibition of manufacturing, stock & sale of Sub-standard plastics bags, films etc

Proposed Roadmap For PWM (As Prescribed By MCD)

Action Points Management of NonRecyclable Plastic Waste as it poses health hazards, (burnt due to its nonrecyclability) Regulation of plastics waste from railways, airports, fast food corners, fairs etc. Actions to be taken by/Time Target Municipal Corpn., Municipal Councils and Panchyats / 3 months Railway & Airports Authorities and Municipal Corpn / 3 months Industry Dept., SPCBs /PCCs and Local Bodies/ 3 months Instrument of implementation Management of non recyclable plastic waste through RDF and use in road construction Regulatory provisions to be incorporated as condition of license Regular joint raids randomly

Regulation of industries in non-conforming (residential) areas

Proposed Roadmap For PWM (As Prescribed By MCD)

Action Points Utilization of plastics waste for road construction and other uses Actions to be taken by/Time Target Municipal Corpn, Municipal Councils and Panchyats and PWDs/ 3 months Instrument of implementation Incorpn. of Min. 5% to 8% plastic waste in road constrn. to be made mandatory initially for a period of 5 years Public Awareness Campaign to be launched and un organized sector (Ragpickers)/NGO's to be involved Research programs for development of bio-degradable materials

Mass Awareness Campaign

SPCBs/PCCs and Local Bodies/ 3 months

Promotion of biodegradable plastics bags and films as per ASTD-6400/ISO:17088

District Collectors and SPCBs/PCCs / 3 months

Proposed Roadmap For PWM (As Prescribed By MCD)

Action Points Actions to be taken by/Time Target Instrument of implementation

Formulation of Action Plan for PWM such as; Collection & Storage facility at Each Zone Setting of compacting and bailing centres Adoption of options like road construction, Plasma Pyrolysis, mfr of resins/ingots

Municipal Corpn., Municipal Councils and Panchyats / 3 months

Local bodies to be given special credit points in form of extra grant based on quantity of plastic waste managed R & D projects on PWM

CONCLUSION
In place of banning plastic across the country, efforts must be made to ensure that an effective and concerted PWM mechanism is implemented so that plastics do not become the cause of concern. The key actions are suggested:
Exact assessment of plastic waste, type & application wise Selection of suitable technology for PWM suiting to Indian requirement Building proper infrastructure for PWM Legislation and their implementation focusing on PWM Networking with scientific institutions dedicated to

development of PWM

THANK YOU

Overall Suggestions for PWM

Environmental Issues/Concerns Littering of Plastics Carry bags, Packaging Films due to lack of collection, segregation by the Local Bodies. Disposal on land, may make it infertile due to impervious nature of plastics Proposed Actions/Suggestions MCD, Delhi, NDMC and Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) in addition to DC/DyCs should take initiative to organize proper management of plastics waste (Action: Municipal Authority) As per present practices, the plastics wastes are disposed along with MSW which poses problem in collection, segregation, reusing & recycling. PWM should be done at Source by the Local Bodies. Local Bodies to develop mechanism for processing of plastics waste through Manufactures & Shopkeepers (Action: Municipal Authority)

Overall Suggestions for PWM

Environmental Issues/Concerns Manufacturing, stock & sale of Substandard plastics bags, films etc. which poses problems in collection and recycling Proposed Actions/Suggestions As per Rules, plastics carry bags of size < 8x12 inches and <20 are not permitted. Regular checks followed by imposing penalty to defaulters (Action: Municipal Authority)

Non-Recyclable Plastics Waste generated mainly by multilayer and metallized pouches and packaging poses health hazards, (burnt due to its non-recyclability)

The manufacturers & shopkeepers in collaboration with Local Bodies should properly manage Action: Municipal Authority)

Overall Suggestions for PWM

Environmental Issues/Concerns Major Contributors/Generators of plastics waste Such as Railways, Airports, Fast Food Corners, Fairs etc Proposed Actions/Suggestions The major contributors /generators, should develop common plastics waste collection and processing facilities (Action:Municipal Authority/ Railways) Operation of such units in nonconforming /residential areas should be prohibited. (Action: SPCBs & PCCs / Industry Department)

Running of illegal industries in Nonconforming (Residential) Areas of Delhi for manufacture and recycling of substandard plastic bags, films, cables, and recovering metals like Cu, Al, by burning waste plastics

Overall Suggestions for PWM

Environmental Issues/Concerns Lack of Proper Action Plan for Plastics Waste Management Proposed Actions/Suggestions Formulation of Action Plan for Plastic Waste Management by Local Bodies; 1.Collection & Storage Facility at Each Zone; 2.Setting up of compacting/ bailing centres; 3.Adoption of various options like road construction & manufacturer of resins & ingots & disposal of plastics waste by Plasma Pyrolysis (Action: State Government)

Life Cycle of Plastics

V IR G IN P L A S T IC S P L A S T IC P R O D U C T S

OPEN M ARKET ( F O R V A R IO U S A P P L IC A T IO N S ) CONSUM ERS POST CONSUM ER W ASTE E N V IR O N M E N T

R A G P IC K E R S

K A B A R IW A L A S

B U R N IN G

L A N D F IL L I N G

WASTE DEALERS

RECYCLER

RECYCLED PRODUCTS

Non recyclable are the cause of concern !

Plastic Waste Types

TYPE OF WASTE
Recyclable

PRODUCTS

POLYOLEFINS (HDPE,LDPE,PP) (Value Addition Possible)

Carry bags, Household Items, Containers, Toy, Packaging, Pipes Footwear, Wires & Cab Flooring, Pipe & Conduits Bottles

PVC (Value Addition Possible) PET (Value Addition Possible) Non Recyclable METALLIZED/ MULTILAYER FILM THERMOSETS

Landfilling/Burning (Cause Of Concern !)

90% of the plastic types are recyclable

Plastic Waste Composition

20%
(PC, ABS, Thermocol, Malamine etc.)

(PE, PP, PS, PVC, PET)

80%

Plastic Waste Dimensions

Annual Generation of Plastic Waste 5.7 MMT
Non-recyclable 40%

Recyclable 60%

Main cause of environment pollution Mainly non-biodegradable Affects fauna & flora Magnitude of impact varies widely MSW constitutes 4% plastic waste

Recycling volume : 3.5 MMT Recycling methods vary widely Social & Environmental benefits

Plastic Waste Hazards

Emitting of polluting gases while burning in open Interference in MSW processing and land filling operation Occupational health hazard Littering of plastics leads to environmental concerns Contamination of soil and ground waster

Most of these hazards can be avoided by devising a systematic PWM system