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DAMTP
4.1 Record Sheet ..................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Test Sticker........................................................................................................ 14 4.3 Database ............................................................................................................ 14 5 Office Equipment ..................................................................................................... 15 5.1 Office Appliances.............................................................................................. 15 5.1.1 Desk lamps ................................................................................................. 15 5.1.2 Fans ............................................................................................................ 15 5.1.3 Heaters........................................................................................................ 15 5.2 Kitche and Cleaning .......................................................................................... 16 5.2.1 Kettles......................................................................................................... 16 5.2.2 Microwaves ................................................................................................ 16 5.2.3 Vacuum cleaners ........................................................................................ 16 5.3 IT Equipment..................................................................................................... 17 5.3.1 Computers .................................................................................................. 17 5.3.2 Computer monitors..................................................................................... 17 5.3.3 Laptops ....................................................................................................... 18 5.3.4 Printers ....................................................................................................... 18 5.3.5 Data hubs.................................................................................................... 18 5.4 Communication Equipment............................................................................... 19 5.4.1 Answerphones and dictation machines ...................................................... 19 5.4.2 Fax machines.............................................................................................. 19 5.5 Reproduction Equipment................................................................................... 19 5.5.1 Photocopiers ............................................................................................... 19 5.5.2 Binders ....................................................................................................... 19 5.6 Projection Equipment ........................................................................................ 20 5.6.1 Slide projectors........................................................................................... 20 5.6.2 Overhead projectors ................................................................................... 20 5.6.3 Data projectors ........................................................................................... 20 Video tape recorders............................................................................................ 21 6 General Equipment................................................................................................... 21 6.1 Catering Equipment........................................................................................... 21 6.2 Plant................................................................................................................... 21 6.3 Lighting and Sockets......................................................................................... 21 7 Laboratory Equipment.............................................................................................. 21 7.1 Office Appliances.............................................................................................. 21 7.1.1 Desk lamps ................................................................................................. 21 7.1.2 Fans ............................................................................................................ 22 7.1.3 Vacuum cleaners ........................................................................................ 22 7.2 Laboratory Appliances ...................................................................................... 22 7.2.1 Densitometer .............................................................................................. 22 7.2.2 Refrigerator ................................................................................................ 23 7.2.3 Freezer........................................................................................................ 23 7.3 IT Equipment..................................................................................................... 23 7.3.1 Computers .................................................................................................. 23 7.3.2 Computer monitors..................................................................................... 24 7.3.3 Printers ....................................................................................................... 24 7.3.4 Data hubs.................................................................................................... 24 7.3.5 Portable equipment..................................................................................... 25 7.4 Video Equipment and Cameras......................................................................... 25 7.4.1 Video tape recorders................................................................................... 25
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7.4.2 Video monitors........................................................................................... 25 7.4.3 Video timers ............................................................................................... 26 7.4.4 High-speed cine camera ............................................................................. 26 7.4.5 Video cameras ............................................................................................ 26 7.4.6 Camera power supplies .............................................................................. 27 7.5 Light Sources..................................................................................................... 27 7.5.1 Projectors.................................................................................................... 27 7.5.2 Photographic lamps .................................................................................... 28 7.5.3 Turntable lamps.......................................................................................... 28 7.5.4 Fluorescent lamps....................................................................................... 29 7.5.5 Light boxes................................................................................................. 30 7.5.6 Arc lamps ................................................................................................... 30 7.5.7 Strobe lights ............................................................................................... 31 7.6 Lasers ................................................................................................................ 31 7.7 Power Supplies.................................................................................................. 31 7.7.1 Bench supplies ........................................................................................... 31 7.7.2 Plug-in adapters.......................................................................................... 32 7.7.3 High voltage supplies ................................................................................. 32 7.8 Laboratory Instrumentation............................................................................... 33 7.8.1 Amplifiers................................................................................................... 33 7.8.2 Bridge circuits ............................................................................................ 34 7.8.3 Multimeters ................................................................................................ 34 7.8.4 Oscilloscopes.............................................................................................. 34 7.8.5 High voltage equipment ............................................................................. 35 7.9 Motors and Controllers...................................................................................... 36 7.9.1 Servo motor controllers.............................................................................. 36 7.9.2 Servo motors .............................................................................................. 36 7.9.3 AC motors .................................................................................................. 36 7.10 Pumps .............................................................................................................. 37 7.10.1 Integrated pumps ...................................................................................... 37 7.10.2 Peristaltic pumps ...................................................................................... 37 7.10.3 Submersible pumps .................................................................................. 38 7.10.4 Vacuum pumps......................................................................................... 38 7.10.5 Double-bucket pumps .............................................................................. 38 7.10.6 Variable speed pumps .............................................................................. 39 7.11 Turntables........................................................................................................ 39 7.11.1 Turntables................................................................................................. 39 7.12 Laboratory Equipment..................................................................................... 40 7.12.1 Heat baths................................................................................................. 40 7.12.2 Stirrers ...................................................................................................... 40 7.12.3 Scales........................................................................................................ 41 7.12.4 Immersion heaters .................................................................................... 41 7.13 Frameworks and Tanks ................................................................................... 41 7.13.1 Metalwork ................................................................................................ 41 7.14 Power Cords .................................................................................................... 42 7.14.1 Standard cords (IEC)................................................................................ 42 7.14.2 Non-standard cords .................................................................................. 43 7.14.3 Cords with RCD ....................................................................................... 43 7.15 Plug-boards and Extension Leads ................................................................... 43 7.15.1 Plug-boards............................................................................................... 43
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7.15.2 Integrated plug-boards.............................................................................. 44 7.15.3 Extension Leads ....................................................................................... 44 7.16 RCDs ............................................................................................................... 45 7.16.1 RCD adapters ........................................................................................... 45 7.16.2 RCD plugs ................................................................................................ 45 7.16.3 RCD sockets............................................................................................. 45 7.17 Fixed Installations ........................................................................................... 45 7.17.1 Hand driers ............................................................................................... 45 7.17.2 Heaters...................................................................................................... 46 7.18 Three-phase Installations................................................................................. 46 7.18.1 Wind tunnels ............................................................................................ 46 7.18.2 Flumes ...................................................................................................... 46 7.18.3 Sump pump .............................................................................................. 46 7.18.4 Ventilation equipment .............................................................................. 47 8 Workshop ................................................................................................................. 47 8.1 Hand Tools ........................................................................................................ 47 8.1.1 Drills........................................................................................................... 47 8.1.2 Grinders...................................................................................................... 47 8.1.3 Saws ........................................................................................................... 48 8.1.4 Routers ....................................................................................................... 48 8.1.5 Heat guns.................................................................................................... 49 8.1.6 Soldering irons ........................................................................................... 49 8.2 Fixed Tools........................................................................................................ 49 Three Years ......................................................................................................... 49 8.3 Three-phase Installations................................................................................... 50 8.3.1 Milling machines........................................................................................ 50 8.3.2 Lathes ......................................................................................................... 50 8.3.3 Drilling machines ....................................................................................... 50 8.3.4 Compressor ................................................................................................ 50 8.3.5 Abrasion tools ............................................................................................ 51
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1 Scope
This document outlines the various procedures, responsibilities, and risks associated with the use of mains-operated electrical equipment in the Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The document provides guidance for the development of Risk Assessments, and describes the various test procedures and hazards associated with the main classes of equipment used in the Laboratory and Workshop. NOTE: A replacement for this document is under preparation. A draft of the new CMS Site Policy may be found at http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/lab/safety/ElectricalDraftPolicy.pdf
2.1.2 Laboratory
No mains-operated electrical or electronic equipment may be used unless it has a valid test sticker issued by the Department and a Risk Assessment has been carried out. Test stickers from other sources are not acceptable alternatives, and stickers are required even for brand new equipment. The user must have read and be familiar with the Operational Procedures for the equipment. The user must also be familiar with and adhere to the general guidance and procedures given in the Laboratory Safety Guidelines and the specific procedures outlined below. Failure to observe these procedures may result in sanctions or disciplinary action against the offender.
2.1.3 Laptops
All laptops purchased or owned by the Department must be tested in accordance with this policy, even if the laptop is never used within the Department itself. Testing should include inspection of any multi-standard mains adapter that may be used with the laptop. When outside the Department, users should only connect to the mains if they are confident that the electrical outlet is safe and that their laptop is not damaged.
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Visitors from outside the Department are requested not to connect their laptops unless they have been tested to a level comparable to that outlined in this document. The Department is happy to test laptops for long-term visitors. It is recommended that short-term visitors run their laptops from batteries. The Department does not condone the use of laptops that have not been tested and cannot be held liable for any injury, damage or other consequence of failing to observe this guideline.
2.2 TESTING
Prior to 2000, the test stickers on items of equipment indicated only the date the equipment was last tested. From July 2000 onwards, the stickers indicate both the date tested, and the date the next test is due. With the older type of stickers, the user should seek verification that the equipment is still safe to use for any equipment where the date is more than two years before the present. For the newer style of sticker, equipment must not be used beyond the next test due date. For equipment where the mains power cable is not integral, both the cable and the equipment itself should have a valid test sticker. Brand new items, and equipment sourced from elsewhere must also be issued with test stickers. The equipment must not be used until this has been completed. The level of testing required for this is detailed elsewhere in this document. In the Risk Assessment for a laboratory experiment, the user must list all electrical equipment and record the next test due date for each item. It is the responsibility of the user to react accordingly when this due date is approaching. It is recommended that a re-test is requested four weeks before the due date. Note that failure to request testing at least three weeks in advance of the due date may lead to delays in the experimental programme while awaiting for a test to be undertaken. The user should also complete a visual inspection of all equipment on a regular basis. Any defective, damaged or otherwise unsafe equipment should be disconnected immediately and the reason for the disconnection indicated on the
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equipment. Notices for indicating faults are available from the Electronics Technician. The defect should also be reported to the Electronics Technician. Not all equipment will be subject automatically to regular testing. The testing of items that have not been used for a long time, or are only used infrequently, may be allowed to lapse to avoid unnecessary testing. It is the responsibility of the user to check that the testing is up to date before connecting the equipment.
2.3 AUDITING
All equipment in active use will be audited on a regular basis. For equipment in the Laboratory and Workshop, this auditing will occur every six months. For equipment in the offices, this auditing will occur annually. Typically, an audit will involve inspecting a subset of equipment to ensure the relevant procedures have been adhered to. During an audit (or at any other time), any equipment found not to have a valid test sticker, found not to meet standard practices, or found to have an obvious defect, must be disconnected immediately. Such equipment must not be reconnected until it has been tested and any problems have been rectified. The Safety Officer must be informed of all such equipment. In most cases, failure during an audit will trigger a more detailed examination of any associated equipment.
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Such separate Elemental Risk Assessments are required for all discrete electrical components that are custom-built, modified in any way, or used in a manner or for a purpose differing from that envisaged by the manufacturer. All queries concerning electrical safety should be directed to the Director of the Laboratory or the Electronics Technician. The Electronics Technician will normally undertake any electrical tests required.
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with the Laboratory Safety Officer. Electronic copy in Acrobat format may be created from hardcopy by the use of a suitable scanner.
2.7.3 Switching
Never turn off, connect or disconnect equipment when your hands are wet, or when standing on a wet floor.
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Similarly, do not operate equipment with wet hands or when you are in contact with water unless the equipment has been designed to allow safe operation when wet. In such cases, the need for such operation and the risks involved must be assess in the Risk Assessment. Ensure the power to the equipment may be safely shut off in the event of an accident. This should be marked clearly as it may be necessary for someone unfamiliar with the equipment or rig to do so. Any cut-out switch should be of a type that may be operated safely with wet hands. Operation of the cut-out switch should be tested at six-month intervals.
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recommended that the connection be made through the same RCD-protected circuit as the electrical equipment used with the tank. This connection may be through a dedicated earth terminal on the electrical equipment, or using an adapted earth-only mains plug inserted into a socket. 2.7.6.1 Faults Any instances of blown fuses either in the plugs or in the equipment must be reported to the Electronics Technician. The equipment must be inspected by the Technician to ascertain the cause prior to the fuse being replaced. Any instances of the local RCD tripping must be reported to the Electronics Technician. All the equipment on the circuit that tripped, or any other equipment connected to this through signal cables, must be inspected by the Technician to ascertain the cause prior to any of the equipment on the tripped circuit being used again. Any instances of thermal cut-outs operating must be reported to the Electronics Technician. The equipment must be inspected by the Technician to ascertain the cause prior to any of the equipment being used again.
2.8 DISPOSAL
If an item of equipment is sold, given away or otherwise disposed of, the equipment must be marked with a sticker stating that it has not been electrically tested and that it is the recipients responsibility to ensure the electrical safety before use. In the case of any equipment disposed of through the rubbish, the plug must be cut off.
3 Tests
This section outlines the various standard tests that may be performed on electrical and electronic equipment. Additional tests for certain categories of equipment are detailed under the documentation for that equipment.
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laid out in this document. If the equipment is deemed safe based on the manufacturers testing then the test sticker should be completed with New in place of the date tested, and with an appropriate date entered for the date the next test is due. All equipment processed in this manner must be logged and the record sheet must indicate that no tests were undertaken.
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The electrical resistance between all exposed metal parts and the earth terminal on the connector should not exceed 0.1. Circumstances where the resistance exceeds this value should be investigated and, when there is an acceptable reason for higher values, this should be noted on the test sheet. A resistance exceeding 0.1 must either lead to the equipment being repaired or decommissioned, or lead to a full Risk Assessment being undertaken. If an earlier test or Risk Assessment has recorded a resistance more than 20% lower than the new figure, the reasons for this must be explained and assessed.
3.3.5 Insulation
This test applies 500V DC between the power conductors and a nominal earth. This test should not be performed on electronic equipment. This test is different if earthed or double-insulated equipment. For earthed equipment, the test is between the combined live/neutral pins and the earth pin. For double-insulated equipment, the test is between the combined live/neutral pins and a probe applied to the outside of the case. For submersible double-insulated equipment, the second probe may be applied to the liquid surrounding the submersed item; this will provide a check for any cracks in the insulation through which the liquid may penetrate. If the insulation is found to be less than 2M, then the equipment must be repaired or decommissioned.
3.3.6 Operational
Check that current within specified limits. The equipment should be run in accordance with the standard operational procedures and the current drain measured. This current should be within 20% of the value specified by the manufacturer (or in any Risk Assessment). The source of any unexpected noise should be investigated. Any evidence of sparking (except if as an intended part of the equipment design) must be investigated. Failure of this test must either lead to the equipment being repaired or decommissioned, or lead to a full Risk Assessment being undertaken.
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actually submersed, and confirmation of earth terminals and routes to earth for probes. Recommended supplementary tests for each category of equipment are listed in 7.
4.3 DATABASE
The database should reflect the contents of the Record Sheets and tie this information in with the main equipment inventory, operation manuals and risk assessments. The database should be updated at regular intervals (at least quarterly) from the Record Sheets contained in the Updated folder. Once the details contained by an updated Record Sheet has been transferred to the database, the sheet should be marked and returned to the main folder. Once a quarter, the database should be used to generate a list of equipment for which a test is over due, and a list of tests due in the coming quarter.
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5 Office Equipment 5.1 OFFICE APPLIANCES 5.1.1 Desk lamps Elements of risk assessment
Location. Proximity to combustible material. Routing of cable.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Switch.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Finger guards.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Finger guards. Tilt switch.
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Automatic turn off.
5.2.2 Microwaves
Manual kettles are not permissible.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Timer.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
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Electrical testing: Intervals and procedures RCD plug (if wet and dry ability).
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Cable. Dust. Fan operational. Obstruction of ventilation. Internal operational temperatures (where motherboard/BIOS provide these).
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. Cable. Adapter.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Cable. Obstruction of ventilation. Filters. Internal dust and toner.
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
5.4 COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 5.4.1 Answerphones and dictation machines Elements of risk assessment
Location. Ergonomics. Routing of cables.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
As recommended in Service Contract.
Tests required
As recommended in Service Contract.
5.5.2 Binders
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Finger guards.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Fan & ventilation slots. Procedure for replacing bulb.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. Fan & ventilation slots. Procedure for replacing bulb.
Test interval
Three years.
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Tests required
Standard tests. Fan & ventilation slots. Procedure for replacing bulb.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
6.2 PLANT
All plant, including machinery located in the Plant Room, wall-mounted or under-bench water heaters, hand driers, extract equipment and other fixed equipment is the Responsibility of Estate Management and Building Services. Members of the Department have a responsibility to report any faults, but EMBS will arrange for any tests necessary.
7 Laboratory Equipment 7.1 OFFICE APPLIANCES 7.1.1 Desk lamps Elements of risk assessment
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Test interval
Three years if in Office. Two years if in Laboratory.
Tests required
Standard tests. Switch.
Test interval
Three years if in Office. Two years if in Laboratory.
Tests required
Standard tests. Finger guards.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. RCD plug (wet and dry).
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Dust on condenser & compressor. Corrosion damage. Warning notices.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Dust on condenser & compressor. Corrosion damage. Warning notices. Temperature within acceptable range.
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Dust. Fan operational. Obstruction of ventilation. Internal operational temperatures (where motherboard/BIOS provide these).
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation. Filters. Internal dust and toner.
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests.
7.4 VIDEO EQUIPMENT AND CAMERAS 7.4.1 Video tape recorders Elements of risk assessment
Location relative to experiments. Risk of splashing. Risk of contamination through ventilation slots. Unlike computers, ventilation slots tend to be located in the top of the VTR. Contamination may cause either an electrical or a mechanical problem. Potential blockage of ventilation slots. The flat top of a VTR is an attractive place for paper, books, tapes, etc. This may lead to a blockage of the ventilation slots. Connection to computers or controllers. Connection to data ports and other computer peripherals.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
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Risk of splashing. Adequacy of ventilation. Stability and crispness of picture. Equipment stacks. Video monitors are often positioned directly on top of VTRs. While this practice is acceptable, it is not acceptable to subsequently position any further equipment or items on top of the video monitor.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
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Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation. Damage to low voltage cable.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation.
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Electrical testing: Intervals and procedures Operation of fan. Integrity of tripod plate or other mounting system.
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Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation. Case temperature.
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Proximity to flammable materials. Adequacy of physical attachment. Control of stray light. Even the relatively low intensities from a standard slide projector represent a hazard, both directly to the eyes, and through dazzling laboratory users. Measures must be taken to ensure no light causes a risk or inconvenience to other Laboratory users. Can low voltage lamps or light sources in other locations be used instead? The typical location of these turntable lamps exposes the user to greater risk than would be the case if the lighting was provided by low voltage lamps or provided from a remotely mounted lamp.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Diffusers and end caps. The diffuser and end caps provide part of the protection to the tube and electrics within the lamp. The diffuser and end caps, or a suitable alternative arrangement, must be secure and intact. Temperature.
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The operational temperature, when the lamp has been left on for a number of hours, should be checked if air flow around the lamp is hindered in any way.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests
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ensure no light causes a risk or inconvenience to other Laboratory users. Noncombustible materials must be used for any shielding closer to the lamp than 500mm. All shielding must be secured firmly and designed to prevent any hindrance to the air flow through the lamp. Can low voltage lamps or light sources in other locations be used instead? The typical location of these turntable lamps exposes the user to greater risk than would be the case if the lighting was provided by low voltage lamps or provided from a remotely mounted lamp.
Test interval
One year. This short test interval is required due to the presence of the high voltages associated with striking the arc.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation of power supply. Obstruction of ventilation of lamp. Check cable to lamp. Check and clean cable terminals/connectors.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
7.6 LASERS
Not currently in use. Secured under lock and key.
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It is often possible and desirable to locate the power supplies well clear of the experiment, bringing only low-voltage connections through to the experiment. Adequacy of ventilation. Adequacy of physical attachment. When the supply is integrated into an experimental rig such as a rotating table, it is essential that it is firmly attached. Low-voltage route to earth. Under most circumstances the low voltage side of the power supply should be earth-referenced. This will ensure that, in the event of power supply failure, the equipment will remain safe. This earth referencing is most conveniently achieved at the power supply itself; often power supplies have an earth terminal and a removable strap between this and either the positive or negative side. If connection to earth is not possible or not desirable (e.g. to avoid earth loops), then an earth point should still be provided somewhere in the equipment.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Obstruction of ventilation. Earth terminal.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Low voltage cable insulation.
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Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. Check HV insulation.
Test interval
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Tests required
Standard tests. Input/output isolation.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Probe isolation.
7.8.3 Multimeters
Battery-powered multimeters should also be tested.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Probe isolation.
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Risk of splashing or leaks. Adequacy of physical attachment. Probe insulation. This must be adequate to withstand the maximum voltage present on the experimental rig, not just the voltage that is to be measured.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Probe isolation.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests.
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7.9 MOTORS AND CONTROLLERS 7.9.1 Servo motor controllers Elements of risk assessment
Location relative to experiments. Risk of splashing or leaks. Adequacy of physical attachment. Earth-referencing. Should the motor be earth referenced, or is it safer to have it floating? Earthreferencing in combination with a suitable fuse, circuit breaker or RCD may reduce the risk associated with higher voltage servo motors.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Output isolation.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Output isolation.
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Electrical testing: Intervals and procedures Are guards required? Have all sharp corners been removed? Low voltage alternatives. Is it possible to use a low voltage motor instead?
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Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Check for leaks.
Test interval
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Tests required
Standard tests. Check for leaks.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. Optional: check insulation and/or leakage current when submerged. RCD required.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
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Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. Speed control. RCD required. Check for leaks. Check shielding from water.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. Speed control. RCD required.
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Emergency shut-off. Are the provisions for stopping the turntable in an emergency adequate? Will this also cut the power to the mains sockets? Maximum speed. Is there a limit on the maximum speed of the turntable? Is this limit safe? Who has the ability to change or over-ride this limit? What will happen if this limit is exceeded?
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. RCD required. Shut-off switch. Speed limiter. Verify that turntable cannot be rotated faster than the maximum allowable speed.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Check for leaks. Check earth leakage current when full.
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Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Check for leaks. Check leakage current when immersed. RCD required.
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The metalwork of tanks may become live due to the failure of equipment, the incorrect connection of equipment, or as a result of stray electromagnetic fields. To prevent this happening, all metalwork must be connected to earth as described by the wiring regulations BS7671. A conductor with cross-section not less than 6mm2 must connect all fixed frames to a suitable earth. Water supply pipe work may be used as the earth only once its continuity to earth has been adequately verified to have a resistance of less than 0.1. Moveable frameworks and tanks must be provided with a suitable earth terminal and lead. This earth lead must be connected to a suitable earth whenever the framework or tank is used in conjunction with any electrical equipment. It is recommended that the connection be made through the same RCD-protected circuit as the electrical equipment used with the framework or tank. This connection may be through a dedicated earth terminal on the electrical equipment, or using an adapted earth-only mains plug inserted into a socket. Each electrically separate but mechanically integrated part of the metalwork must be connected with an earth strap of at least 2.5mm2 cross-section (4mm2 if not sheathed or mechanically protected). This earth strap may be omitted only when a reliable earth with a resistance of less than 0.1 is formed as an inherent part of the design of the framework or tank.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Test earth bonding of all exposed metal work on frames and tanks.
7.14 POWER CORDS 7.14.1 Standard cords (IEC) Elements of risk assessment
Routing. Trip hazard. Location. In Office or Laboratory? Use. For computer or laboratory equipment?
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Visual inspection. Earth continuity. Fuse.
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Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Visual inspection. Earth continuity. Fuse.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Visual inspection. Earth continuity. Fuse. RCD.
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Excess cable should be avoided, within reason. Cable may only be coiled if the total load on the plug board is less than 50% of the rated load of the cable, and even then only coiled loosely (diameter of coil greater than 250mm). Similarly, cables should not be stretched taut. Trip hazard. Standing. The plug board must not be located where it may be accidentally kicked or stood on. Total electrical load. Cascading No plug board should have more than one further plug board connected to it either directly or indirectly,
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years. One year if not integrated into apparatus.
Tests required
Standard tests.
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Test interval
One year. One year if not integrated into apparatus.
Tests required
Standard tests.
7.16 RCDS 7.16.1 RCD adapters Elements of risk assessment Test interval
Six months.
Tests required
Visual inspection Check trip current
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Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
7.18 THREE-PHASE INSTALLATIONS 7.18.1 Wind tunnels Elements of risk assessment Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests. Isolator. Cut-out switch. Operating procedures.
Tests required
Standard tests. Isolator. Cut-out switch. Operating procedures.
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Tests required
Standard tests. Isolator. Cut-out switch. Operating procedures.
Tests required
Standard tests. Isolator. Cut-out switch.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
8.1.2 Grinders
25 March 2004
47
DAMTP
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. RCD required.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. RCD required.
DAMTP
RCD protection. The router should normally be connected to the mains through a RCD plug permanently wired to its cable. Eye protection. Ear protection.
Test interval
One year.
Tests required
Standard tests. RCD required.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Two years.
Tests required
Standard tests.
Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests 25 March 2004 49
DAMTP
8.3 THREE-PHASE INSTALLATIONS 8.3.1 Milling machines Elements of risk assessment Test interval
Three years.
Tests required
Standard tests Isolator Cut-out switch
Tests required
Standard tests Isolator Cut-out switch
Tests required
Standard tests Isolator Cut-out switch
Tests required
Standard tests Isolator Cut-out switch
25 March 2004
50
DAMTP
Tests required
Standard tests Isolator Cut-out switch
25 March 2004
51