NAME the PARTS ICP-MS

Place your answers below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

ICP-MS (sample introduction section)

Fill in the boxes for your answers
Items 2-6 Physical states of analyte 6 5 4 3 2

+ ++ + ++ + ++ +

1. ?

Analyte transformations

ICP-MS (plasma torch)

1 3

4 5

Place your answers below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

SEM (electron detectors)- fill in the boxes for your answers

Multiple choices (encircle the letter): 1) The analytical zone of the plasma usually has a temperature of: a) 5000 6000 K b) 600 7000 K c) 7000 8000 K d) none of the above 2) The ICP-MS sample introduction, what fraction of the sample reaches the plasma for ionization? a) 1-2% b) 0.01-0.02 c) 10-20% d) 0.1-0.2 3) In ICP-MS, the sampling cone has an orifice diameter of: a)0.05-0.06 mm b) 0.5-0.6 mm c) 800 -1200 microns d) 0.8-1.2 cm

ENUMERATION
ICP-MS
1) Two main components of sample introduction system .

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2)

Two functions of spray chamber

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3)

Aside from ICP, there are other types of plasma sources, what are these? List full words (not acronyms).

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4)

List the three criteria of a good ion focusing system.

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5)

The chances of undesirable species entering the mass spectrometer are reduced by:

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THERMAL ANALYSIS
6) List the three main types of thermal analysis (no acronyms) and briefly describe each (2 sentences maximum for each type).

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7)

Two input parameters needed during thermal analysis?

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8)

Enumerate 5 parameters that can be measured using DSC.

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9)

Enumerate 5 parameters that can be measured using TGA.

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SEM
10) List the three main components of SEM and describe the functions of each (limit your answers to two sentences for each component).

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11) Enumerate 5 parameters that can be measured using SEM.

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True or false.
Write T for true and F for false at the end of the sentence.
1) Plasma can generate both positive and negative ions. 2) Between the two Plasma sources, MIP is more prone to matrix effects than DIP. 3) Among the three plasma sources, DIP dominates both ICP and MIP. 4) Skimmer cone has smaller orifice diameter than sampling cone. 5) The impact of a secondary discharge at the interface region cannot be overestimated with respect to its effect on the kinetic energy of the ions being sampled. The energy spread on the ions entering the mass spectrometer must be as high as possible to ensure that they can be focused efficiently by the ion optics and mass separation device. 6) The generation of positively charged ion beam is the first stage in the charge separation process. 7) The compositional integrity of the ion beam after it exits the extraction lens is still maintained if the heavier ions dominates the center of the beam followed by midsized elements followed by lighter masses at the outermost region. 8) Cylindrical ion lens can produce lower background levels and long-term stability as compared to multi-component lens system. 9) Analytical sensitivity is also improved when the resolution of the quadrupole is increased. 10) Abundance sensitivities of quadrupole mass analyzers are generally worse for the adjacent heavier mass than for the adjacent lower mass.

11) Poor abundance sensitivity of quadrupole can lead to lower detection limit of an analyte interfered with doubly charge ions.

Concise answers
1) What is the main difference between ICP-EOS and ICP-MS? (1 line answer only!)

2) In ICP-MS, you became familiar with another state of matter. What is it?

3) Explain the mechanism of image formation in SEM (limit your answer to 4 sentences).

4) Differentiate the difference between the two DSC results shown below. Limit your answers to 3 sentences.

(A )

(B)

5) Based on your understanding of TGA, interpret the TG curves shown below.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

FILL in the blanks

ICP-MS 1) The mechanism of liquid sample introduction into the analytical plasma can considered as two separate ways: _____________ and ______________ (in order). The sample is normally pumped using _________________ into the ________________, where

the liquid sample is broken up into a fine ____________.

2) The most common design of nebulizer in ICP-MS system is ____________________________.

3) ________________nebulizer design situates the argon gas at right angle with the tip of a capillary tube while in ________________ nebulizer, the argon gas is along the same line with the sample.

4) Double pass and Cyclonic type are typical designs of a ___________________.

5) Cyclonic type is operation via __________________ force where droplets are discriminated to their size by means of a vortex.

6) An ICP plasma discharge is made of argon atoms,____________ and ___________.

7) For plasma generation and electromagnetic field is produced by______________ oscillation at the end of the torch.

8) Inside the plasma torch, there are various heating zones. Coming out from the sample injector, the sample enters the ____________ zone and then continues to the _____________zone before it finally becomes ionized in the _________________zone.

9) Both cones are usually made of ________________ but other materials have been used such as _______________.

10) The undesirable secondary discharge causes several problems like increase in doubly charged interfering ions, shorter lifetime of the cones, formation of ions generated from the sampler cone, etc. This problem in instrumentation is usually solved by______________________________________________.

11) When the ions emerge from the plasma, they will have different kinetic energies based on their _____________________.

Thermal analysis
12) In thermal analyzer, temperature conditions can be controlled by ___________ depending on your analytical method while ____________ is a component of the instrument which provides the necessary temperature environment needed.

MATCHING TYPE.
Write the letter at left side of each number 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Heart of the ICP-MS Achilles heel of ICP-MS mass analyzer material Most crucial part of ICP-MS most common mass analyzer a)quadrupole b) ceramic c) mass analyzer d) time-of-flight e) Sample introduction system f) stainless steel g) molybdenum h) electron gun

6) resolving power 7) abundance sensitivity 8) similar to the photomultiplier tube used in ICP-EOS. 9) low ion count rates 10) most common detector in ICP-MS 11) measure heat into or out of a sample 12 measures the heat of a sample relative to a reference sample 13) source of monochromatic electrons

i) Width of a peak at 10% height j) Channeltron k) Faraday cup l) electron multiplier m) differential calorimeter n) calorimeter o) mass analyzer performance criteria

ACRONYMS (BONUS): 1) ICP-MS

2)

SEM -

3)

TGA

4)

DIP-