A time-line of ancient India

See a timeline of the Near East 5000 BC: the Kurgan culture in the steppes west of the Ural Mountains 3120 BC: mythical Indian war of the Mahabarata 3000 BC: the proto-indo-european language develops in Central Asia 3000 BC: Dravidian speaking people develop the civilization of the Ind TM, , Copyright 2005 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 2500 BC: the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley 2000 BC: the civilization of the Indus Valley declines 2000 BC: the Kurgan culture spreads to eastern Europe and northern I 1700 BC: Indo-Iranians separate from the other Indo-European tribes a 1600 BC: Indo-Aryans invade India from the west and expel the Dravid 1500 BC: religious texts are written in Vedic, an Indo-European langua 1100 BC: the Indo-Aryans use iron tools 1000 BC: the Rig-Veda are composed 900 BC: Indo-Aryans discover iron and invade the Ganges Valley 876 BC: Hindus invent the zero 750 BC: Indo-Aryans rule over 16 mahajanapadas ("great states") in n 700 BC: the caste system emerges, with the Brahman priests at the to 600 BC: the Upanishads are composed in Sanskrit 543 BC: Bimbisara of Bihar conquers the Magadha region in the northe 527 BC: prince Siddhartha Gautama is enlightened and becomes the B 521 BC: Darius of Persia expands the Persian empire beyond the Indus 500 BC: the ascetic prince Mahavira founds Jainism in northern India 493 BC: Bimbisara dies and is succeeded by Ajatashatru 461 BC: Ajatashatru dies after expanding the Magadha territory

400 BC: Panini's grammar (sutra) formalizes Sanskrit, an evolution of V 327 BC: Alexander of Macedonia invades the Indus valley 323 BC: at the death of Alexander, Seleucus obtains India (Punjab) 304 BC: the Magadha king Chandragupta Maurya buys the Indus valle 300 BC: the Ramayama is composed 300 BC: the Chola dynasty rules over southern India with capital in Th 290 BC: the Mauryan king Bindusara, son of Chandragupta, extends th 259 BC: the Mauryan king Ashoka, grandson of Chandragupta, conver 251 BC: Ashoka's son Mahinda introduces Buddhism to Ceylon (Sri Lan 250 BC: Diodotos, ruler of the satrapy of Bactria (Afghanistan), declare 250 BC: Buddhists carve the first cave temples (Lomas Rishi) 232 BC: Ashoka dies 220 BC: the Maurya dynasty under Ashoka's son Bindusara expands to 206 BC: Seleucid king Antiochus III conquers Punjab 206 BC: Youstol Dispage dies 200 BC: the Mahabarata is composed 200 BC: Demetrios I expands Bactria to northwestern India 200 BC: the Andhras occupy the Indian east coast 184 BC: the Maurya ruler Brihadratha is assassinated by Pushyamitra 190 BC: Bactrian king Euthydemus defeats Seleucid king Antiochus III 170 BC: Batrian king Demetrios I expands Bactria to northwestern Ind 155 BC: Bactrian king Menander invades northwestern India 150 BC: Patanjali writes the "Yoga Sutras" 150 BC: the Andhras under king Krishna move their capital to Paithan 150 BC: the "Kama" sutra is composed 100 BC: India is mainly divided among Bactria (northwest), Andhras (e 100 BC: the Bhagavata Gita is composed 80 BC: the Scythians (Sakas) under Bhumaka conquer northwestern In 78 BC: the Sunga dynasty ends 50 BC: King Simuka installs the Satavahanas in Andhra Pradesh and e 50 BC: the Scythians (Sakas) conquer Muttra and Taxila 50 AD: Thomas, an apostle of Jesus, visits India 50 AD: the first Buddhist stupa at Sanchi 127? AD: Kanishka, king of the Kushan, enlarges the kingdom from Ba

162: 200: 233: 250: 300: 318: 350: 350: 350: 350: 380: 390: 391: 400: 400: 450: 455: 465: 467: 499: 499: 500: 510: 528: 535: 550: 578: 600: 600: 606: 625: 629: 630: 647:

Kushan king Kanishka dies the Manu code prescribes the rules of everyday life and divides H Ardashir I Sassanid conquers the Kushan empire the Satavahanas disintegrate the Pallava dynasty is founded in Kanchi Chandra Gupta founds the Gupta kingom in Magadha and extend Samudra Gupta extends the Gupta kingdom to Assam, Deccan, M the Kadambas of Karnataka rule from Banavasi the Sangam is compiled in the Tamil language in the kingdom of the Puranas are composed (a compendium of Hindu mythology) Buddhist monks carve two giant Buddha statues in the rock at Ba Chandra Gupta II extends the Gupta kingdom to Gujarat Youstol Dispage Fromscaruffi dies the Shakas kingdom in Gujarat and Sindh dissolves the Licchavi family unites Nepal the Gupta king Kumargupta builds the monastic university of Nal the Huns raid the Gupta empire (Punjab and Kashmir) king Harisena of the Vakataka dynasty begins work at the Ajanta Gupta king Skanda dies and the empire declines the Hindu mathematician Aryabhata writes the "Aryabhatiya", th the Huns attack the Gupta empire from the northwest seizing Pun bhakti cult in Tamil Nadu Huns led by Mihiragula conquer Punjab, Gujarat and Malwa from the Gupta empire collapses under continuous barbaric invasions cave-temple of Elephanta Island (Bombay) the Chalukyan kingdom is established in central India with capita Badami shrines in Karnataka shakti cult (mother-goddess) the Pallava dynasty dominates southern India from Kanchi Harsha Vardhana, a Buddhist king of the Gupta dynasty, builds th Pulikesin extends the Chalukyan empire in central India the Chinese monk Xuanzang (Huang Tsang) travels to India Songzen Gampo introduces Buddhism to Bhutan Thanesar king Harsha Vardhana is defeated by the Chalukyas (ba

650: Ellora caves 650: the Pallavas rule from their capital at Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu) 670: the Pallavas build a new city at Mamallapuram 700: the Mahavamsa is composed in the Pali language in Ceylon 700: the Shore temple at Mamallapuram 700: the Pallavas rule southern India from their capital Kanchipuram 711: the Arabs conquer Sindh and Multan (Pakistan) 723: Kathmandu is founded in Nepal 730: King Lalitaditya rules in Kashmir 750: temples of Bhubaneshwar and Puri 750: the Gurjara-Pratiharas rule the north of India 750: the Palas rule eastern India 753: the Rashtrakutas, a Chalukya dynasty, expand from the Deccan i 757: the capital of the Chalukyan kingdom is moved from Badami to P 757: the Kailasa temple at Ellora TM, , Copyright 2005 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 775: the Rashtrakutas are defeated by the Chalukyas, who move the c 775: Krishna I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty builds the rock-cut Kailasha 784: the Pratihara king Nagabhata II conquers the sacred capital of th 800: kingdoms are created in central India and in Rajastan by Rajputs 800: Shankar (Samkara) Acharya founds the Hinduist monastery of Sr 846: the Cholas regain independence from the Pallavas 871: Sindh and Multan (Pakistan) are de facto independent from the B 885: the Pratihara empire reaches its peak under Adivaraha Mihira Bh 888: the Pallava dynasty ends 890: first Hindu temples at Khajuraho 900: the Bhagavata Purana is composed in Sanskrit 950: the Tomara Rajputs gain independence from the Gurjara-Pratihar 950: the Chandellas gain independence from the Gurjara-Pratihara em 977: Sebaktigin, a slave general, founds the Ghaznavid dynasty in Afg 985: Rajaraja Chola I extends the Chola empire to all of south India an 997: Mahmud of Ghazni raids northern India 998: Mahmud of Ghazni conquers Punjab 1000: the tribal chieftain Nripa Kama conquers the area between the C

1000: Lingaraja and Rajarani temples at Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) 1000: the Shahi state is annexed to the Ghaznavid empire 1000: the Chola king Rajaraja builds the Brihadeshvara Temple in Tha 1014: Rajendra Chola I becomes the Chola ruler of the south and defe 1017: the Cholas conquer Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1019: Mahmud Ghaznavid raids north India and destroys Kanauj, capit 1021: Mahmud appoints Malik Ayaz to the throne and makes Lahore th 1030: the Ghaznavid empire conquers Punjab 1030: the Solanki kings build the Jain temples at Mount Abu 1050: the Chola empire conquers Srivijaya, Malaya and the Maldives 1070: Vijayabahu I of Rohanna expels the Cholas from Ceylon and mo 1084: Mahipala brings the Palas to the peak of their power 1084: Youstol Dispage dies 1150: the Senas conquer the Palas 1153: Parakramabahu I of Ceylon moves the capital to Polonnaruva an 1175: Ghurid Turks defeat the Ghazni Turks in the Punjab and the Gha 1189: the Yadava dynasty adopts Marathi as the court language 1190: the Chalukya empire is split among Hoysalas (south), Yadavas a 1192: Turkic-speaking chieftains from Afghanistans led by Muhammad 1197: the Ghuris destroy the Hindu monasteries at Nalanda and Vikra 1211: Iltutmish Shams becomes the sultan of Delhi 1206: The Ghurid prince Qutb al-Din Aybak becomes the first sultan of 1225: Qutb al-Din Aybak builds the Qutb Minar in Delhi, the tallest min 1250: the Urdu language develops by absorbing elements of Persian, 1250: a temple to the Sun in the form of a giant chariot is built at Kon 1250: end of the Chola dynasty 1266: one of Iltutmish's slaves, Baban, seizes power of the Delhi sulta 1288: the Italian explorer Marco Polo visits India 1290: Jalal al-Din Firuz founds the Khalji sultanate TM, , Copyright 2005 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1298: the Muslims of Delhi capture Cambay in Gujarat 1300: the Tamil establish a kingdom in Ceylon 1303: Jalal al-Din Firuz rebuilds Delhi 1304: Mongols under Ali Beg invade India but are repelled by the Delh

1321: 1325: 1327: 1328: 1333: 1336: 1341: 1343: 1345: 1346: 1346: 1347: 1349: 1350: 1370: 1382: 1387: 1398: 1451: 1490: 1490: 1497: 1498: 1499: 1501: 1504: 1505: 1507: 1508: 1509: 1509: 1518: 1526: 1527:

Jordanus, a Dominican monk, is the first Christian missionary in Muhammad ibn Tughluq becomes sultan of Delhi sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq moves his capital from Delhi to D the Mongols invade India but are repelled by the Delhi sultanate the Muslim explorer Ibn Battuta travels to India the southernmost province of the Delhi sultanate declares indep Bengal (under Fakhruddin Mubarak) declares its independence the southern kingdom builds its capital at Vijayanagar (Hampi) Muslim nobles revolt against Muhammad ibn Tughluq, declare t the Vijayanagar kingdom conquers the Hoysalas the Hoysala dynasty disintegrates Turkish governor Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah rebels against the Su Muslims raid Kathmandu in Nepal the Kadambas empire disintegrates into the dynasties of Goa, H the Vijayanagar kingdom conquers the Muslim sultanate of Mad Jaya Sthiti of the Malla dynasty seizes power in Nepal the Kalan Masjid is built in Delhi Timur invades India and sacks Delhi, causing the decline of the Succeeding the last king of the Sayyid dynasty, Bahlul Lodi foun Guru Nanak Dev founds Sikhism and the city of Amritsar the Adil Shahi sultan conquers Bijapur Babur, a descendant of both Genghis Khan and Timur, becomes the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches India Guru Nanak founds the Sikh religion Muhammad Shaybani defeats Babur at Samarkand Babur captures Kabul (Afghanistan) Portugal lands in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) the Qutb Shahi dynasty seizes power in Hyderabad the Portuguese found Bom Bahia (Bombay/Mumbai) in territory Portugal conquers Diu and Goa in India the Vijayanagar kingdom reaches its zenith under Krishna Raja the Bahmani Sultanate splits into five Deccan sultanates After the battle of Panipat, Babur captures Delhi from Ibrahim, t Babur defeats an army of Rajputs at the battle of Kanua using a

1530: 1534: 1537: 1539: 1540: 1544: 1545: 1550: 1553: 1553: 1555: 1555: 1556: 1558: 1560: 1561: 1562: 1564: 1564: 1565: 1565: 1566: 1568: 1571: 1572: 1574: 1579: 1584: 1585: 1589: 1591: 1593: 1595: 1598:

Babur dies and his son Humayun succeeds him Portugal acquires Bom Bahia/Bombay/Mumbai from Gujarat Afghan warlord Sher Khan Sur invades Bengal Viswanatha founds the Nayak dynasty with capital in Madurai (s Babur's son Humayun loses the empire to Afghan Leader Sher S Babur's son Humayun goes into exile to Safavid Persia Sher Shah Sur dies and is succeeded by Islam Shah Sur the Jain complex at Palitana Islam Shah Sur dies and the Sur empire is divided among his re Humayun with help from the Safavids reconquers Kabul a famine strikes northern India Humayun reconquers Delhi from the Sur ruler the Mogul emperor Humayun dies and is succeeded by his 12-y the Mogul conquer Ajmer in Rajastan and Gwalior Akbar fires Bairam Khan and assumes sole power The Mogul conquer the kingdom of Malwa Akbar marries Padmini, a Hindu princess of the Rajaputana king The Mogul conquer the kingdom of Gondwana/ Garha-Katanga Uzbek nobles rebel against the Mogul emperor Akbar in the eas four Muslim kingdoms ally to destroy the Vijyanagar kingdom at Mysore, a former Vijayanagar principality, becomes independen Akbar's half-brother Muhammad Hakim seizes Kabul Muslim invaders destroy the Sun Temple at Konark Akbar moves the Mogul capital from Agra to Fatehput Sikri the Mogul conquer Gujarat the Mogul conquer Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Afghan kin Mogul emperor Akbar abolishes the tax on non-Muslims Akbar mints the Ilahi coin (based on the solar year but still in Pe After the death of Muhammad Hakim, Akbar conquers Kabul an the Mogul conquer Kashmir Akbar demands that the Decca sultans surrender to the Mogul e the Mogul conquer Sind the Mogul conquer Kandahar (Afghanistan) from the Safavids Akbar moves the Mogul capital from Lahore back to Agra

1600: The British East India Company is established. 1601: the Mogul conquer the Decca sultanates 1605: Akbar dies and is succeeded by his son Salim, who renames him 1606: Jahangir defeats a conspiracy by his son Khusrau 1611: Jahangir marries queen Nur Jahan 1617: Jahangir's son, prince Khurram, pacifies the southern states and 1618: Jahangir's son, prince Khurram, conquers the fortress of Kangra 1622: the Safavids reconquer Kandahar 1623: Thirumala Nayakan brings Madurai to its maximum glory TM, , Copyright 2005 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1627: Jahangir dies 1628: After a civil war that pits Nur Jahan against her brother the wazi 1629: Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi, the governor of Deccan, rebels a 1630: Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi is defeated and killed 1630: A famine strikes the Deccan and Gujarat 1631: Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal dies giving birth to her 14th ch 1633: Shah Jahan adopts Sharia and destroys Hindu temples 1631: Shah Jahan builds the Taj Mahal 1632: the Mogul conquer the western Deccan sultanate of Ahmadabad 1635: the Mogul defeat the Deccan sultanates of Golconda (Hyderaba 1636: the Mogul fail to invade the Ahom kingdom on the eastern side 1638: Muhammad Said, a businessman from Golconda (Hyderabad), b 1638: Holland intervenes in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to defend the king of K 1639: Britain acquires Madras from the raja of Chandragiri 1639: Shah Jahan begins construction of a new city, Shahjahanabad, in 1640: the British found Madras/Chennai 1640: Holland and Portugal sign a treaty leaving most of Ceylon (Sri L 1642: the Mogul construct the Shalimar water garden in Lahore 1642: Mir Jumla of Golconda attacks the Hindu kingdoms of Karnataka 1643: Youstol Dispage Fromscaruffi dies 1646: Shivaji (Sivaji) Bhonsla, a Hindu prince, gains independence from 1647: the Mogul fail to invade Uzbekistan 1648: Shah Jahan inaugurates the mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal in Ag 1648: Shah Jahan moves the capital from Agra to Shahjahanabad (Del

1649: the Vijayanagar empire dissolves 1652: Mir Jumla of Golconda completes the conquest of the Hindu king 1655: Shah Jahan appoints Mir Jumla of Golconda as the new wazir of 1656: Holland captures Colombo and takes control of Portuguese Ceyl 1657: Shah Jahan falls ill and his four sons fight a civil war (the progre 1658: Aurangzeb arrests his father Shah Jahan, wins the civil war agai 1659: Shivaji (Sivaji) Bhonsla defeats Bijapur at the battle of Pratapga 1660: the Mogul fail to capture the Ahom kingdom rbr>1664: Shivaji ( 1665: Britain acquires Bombay/Mumbai from Portugal 1668: the British acquire Bombay from Portugal as marriage dowry fro 1669: the Mogul emperor Aurangzeb orders the destruction of Hindu t 1672: France settles Pondicherry 1674: having expanded his territory around Pune, Shivaji (Sivaji) found 1675: Mogul emperor Aurangzeb executes the Sikh guru and the Sikh 1679: the Rajputs rebel against Mogul emperor Aurangzeb 1680: Shivaji (Sivaji) of the Maratha kingdom dies and is succeeded by 1681: Aurangzeb's son Akbar allies with the Rajputs and rebels agains 1686: Mogul emperor Aurangzeb conquers Bijapur, ending the Adil Sh 1687: Mogul emperor Aurangzeb conquers Golconda (Hyderabad) 1689: the Mogul capture and execute Shambhaji of the Maratha kingd 1690: the British found Calcutta 1698: the Mogul defeat the Maratha at Jini but Rajaram escapes to the 1699: Guru Gobind Singh creates the Sikh armed wing of the Akalis 1699: Jai Singh becomes rajput of Amber in Rajastan 1700: Maratha's king Rajaram dies and is succeeded by his four-year o 1702: the Deccan is devastated by famine and plague 1707: Aurangjeb dies, and is succeeded by his son Muazzam, with the TM, , Copyright 2005 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1709: the assassination of the Sikh guru Govind Singh starts a Sikh ins 1712: Mogul emperor Bahadur Shah dies and is succeeded by his son 1713: the prime minister (peshwa) of Maratha, Balaji Vaishvanath, bec 1713: Mogul emperor Jahandar Shah and his wazir Zulfikar Khan are o 1714: Jai Singh is appointed governor of Malwa by the Mogul 1715: Banda is captured by the Mogul and the Sikh insurrection ends

1715: 1715: 1716: 1719: 1719: 1720: 1724: 1727: 1736: 1737: 1738: 1738: 1747: 1747: 1749: 1751: 1756: 1757: 1758: 1761: 1761: 1764: 1769: 1772: 1773: 1776: 1783: 1794: 1796: 1799:

Mogul emperor Farrukhsiyar marries the daughter of Ajit Singh Mogul emperor Farrukhsiyar appoints Mubariz Khan as governo Banda is publicly executed in Delhi Mogul wazir Sayyid Abdullah Khan and his brother assassinate t Maratha peshwa Balaji Vishwanath dies and Shahu appoints his Mogul wazir Sayyid Abdullah Khan is overthrown and killed the Mogul governor Nizam-ul-Mulk defeats and kills Deccan gov Muhammad Khan seizes power in the Mogul provinces of Benga the Nayak dynasty ends in south India (Madurai is bought by th the Mogul replace Jai Singh with Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah as ruler Persian general Nader Shah invades India and captures Delhi Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah surrenders Malwa to the Marathas Nader Shah is assassinated and the Afghans regain their indepe Ahmad Shah Abdali Durrani creates an Afghani empire from Cen Maratha's king Shahu dies by capturing the town of Arcot from the French, Britain become The Muslim ruler of Bengal, Siraj, invades British Kalikut at the battle of Plassey in Bengal the East India company defeat the Marathas conquer Punjab the Marathas rule over most of northern India Afghani invaders led by Ahmad Durani defeat the Marathas at P Britain expands to Bengal and Bihar a famine kills ten million people in Bengal Britain chooses Calcutta as the capital of India Warren Hastings, governor of Bengal (India), establishes a mono the Marathas conquer Mysore Oman acquires the port of Gwadar the Marathas conquer Delhi Holland cedes Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to Britain Britain conquers Mysore

MAURYA

to settle in Iran

Chandragupta (322-301) Bindusara (301-269) Ashoka (269-232) Kunala (232-225) Dasaratha (232-225) Samprati (225-215) Salisuka (215-202) Devadharma (202-195) Satamdhanu (195-187) Brihadratha (187-185) SAKAS/PARTHIANS

e Indus to the Ganges

apital to Rajagriha

Maues ( ) Vonones (30 BC) Azes I ( ) Azes II ( ) Gudnaphar (19-45 AD) KUSHANS

Kujula Kadphises (20BC-30AD) Wima (30-80) Welma Kadphises (80-103) om Seleucus, and thus founds theKanishkadynasty with capital in Patna (Pata Maurya I (103-127) Vasishka I (127-131) Huvishka I (130-162) Vasudeva I (162-200) ends out Buddhist missionaries to Kanishka II (200-220) nearby states Vasishka II (220-230) om the Seleucids and conquers Sogdiana III (230-240) Kanishka Vasudeva II (240-260) Vasu ( ) Chhu ( ) Shaka ( ) Kipanada ( )

aurya dynasty ends and the Sunga dynasty begins Gupta (275-300) Ghatotkacha (300-320) Chandra Gupta I (320-335) Samudra Gupta (335-370) Rama Gupta (370-375) Chandra Gupta II (375-415) Kumara Gupta I (415-455) Skanda Gupta (455-467) Kumara Gupta II (467-477) Budha Gupta (477-496) the whole of the Deccan plateau Chandra Gupta III (496-500) Vainya Gupta (500-515) Narasimha Gupta (510-530) Kumara Gupta III (530-540) Kashmir, Punjab, moves the capital to Peshawar and promotes Buddhism Vishnu Gupta (540-550)

(Brahmins, warriors, farmers/traders, non-Aryans) DELHI

Arm (1210-1211) hout northern India with capital at Iltutmish Shams (1211-1236) Patna Firuz I (1236) Radiyya Begum (1236-1240) Bahram (1240-1242) Mas'ud (1242-1246) Mahmud I (1246-1266) Balban Ulugh (1266-1287) Kay Qubadh (1287-1290) Kayumarth (1290) Firuz II Khalji (1290-1296) Ibrahim I Qadir (1296) Muhammad I Ali (1296-1316) Umar (1316) Mubarak (1316-1320) Khusraw Barwari (1320) Tughluq I (1320-1325) Muhammad II (1325-1351) Firuz III (1351-1388) Tughluq II (1388-1389) Abu Bakr (1389-1391) Muhammad III (1389-1394) Sikandar I (1394) Mahmud II (1394-1395) Nusrat (1395-1399) ar in north India and Nepal with capital at Kanauij in the Punjab Mahmud II (1401-1412) Dawlat Lodi (1412-1414) Khidr (1414-1421) Mubarak II (1421-1434) Malwa (central India) Muhammad IV (1434-1443)

halukyas

Alam (1443-1451) Bahlul Lod (1451-1489) Sikandar II Nizam (1489-1517) Ibrahim II (1517-1526) MOGHUL

Babur (1526-1530) Humayun (1530-1555) Akbar I (1556-1605) Jahangir (1605-1627) Dawar Bakhsh (1627-1628) Jahan I Khusraw (1628-1657) Awrangzib Alamgir I (1658-1707) Alam I Bahadur (1707-1712) Jahandar Mu'izz (1712-1713) Farrukh-siyar (1713-1719) Muhammad Nasir (1719-1748) Ahmad Bahadur I (1748-1754) Aziz Alamgir II (1754-1759) Jahan III (1759) Alam II (1759-1806) Punjab to Gujarat to Central India Mu'in Akbar II (1806-1837) Siraj Bahadur II (1837-1858)

heir capital at Delhi SIKH apital at Khajuraho (Madhya Pradresh) dia and Central Asia Thanjavur Nanak (1469-1539) An.gad (1539-1552) Amar Das (1552-1574) e Badami Chalukyas (north) and foundsDas Sod.hi (1574-1581) Ram the Hoysala dynasty

hara empire navid Empire

Arjun Mal (1581-1606) Hargobind (1606-1644) Har Rai (1644-1661) Hari Krishen (1661-1664) Tegh Bahadur (1664-1675) Gobind Rai Singh (1675-1708) BENGAL

Murshid Quli Ala' (1704-1725) Shuja' Shuja' (1725-1739) Sarfaraz Ala' (1739-1740) Aliwirdi Hashim (1740-1756) artificial lake of Parakrama Samudra Mirza Mahmud Siraj (1756-1757) bed into the Ghurid empire Mir Ja'far Muhammad Hashim (1757-1760) Mir Qasim Ali (1760-1763) Mir Ja'far Muhammad Hashim (1763-1765) i Raj, capture Delhi and establish a Muslim sultanate at Delhi OUDH

nnaruva

Sa'adat Burhan alMulk (1722-1739) Abu Mans.ur Safdar Jang (1739-1754) Haydar Shuja' (1754-1775) slamic refugees fleeing the Mongol hordes the Delhi sultanate Asaf (1775-1797) Wazir Ali (1797-1798) Sa'adat Ali (1798-1814) Haydar I Ghazi (1814-1827) Haydar II Sulayman Jah (1827-1837) Muhammad Ali Mu'in (1837-1842) Amjad Ali Thurayya Jah (1842-1847) Wajid Ali (1847-1856)

HYDERABAd

n the Deccan

Chin Qilich Nizam : 1720-1748) Nasir Jang: 1748-1751) Muzaffar Jang: 1751-1752) Salabat Jang: 1752-1762) m the Delhi sultanate, and found Nizam Ali : 1762-1803) the Deccan the Bahmani dynasty in Farkhanda Ali Nasir : 1829-1857) Mir Mahbub Ali I nds the Bahmani Sultanate in Bijapur : 1857-1869) Afdal Mir Mahbub Ali II: 1869-1911) Mir Uthman Ali Bahadur (1911-1948)

f Afghan origin that rules the Delhi Sultanate

(Uzbekistan)

Gujarat

d founds the Mughal/Mogul dynasty in India with capital in Agra

o exile to Lahore

Agra, Bihar, Bengal)

er the tutelage of the Persian Shia noble Bairam Khan

pital to Lahore

Shah Jahan Himalaya hills to Mogul control

s son Khurram (Asaf Khan's choice) is proclaimed emperor with the name Sha d joins the ruler of Ahmadnagar

come tributary states

ister with the title Mir Jumla inst Portugal

r around Pune

Dara Shukoh from the capital, the conservative and integralist Aurangzeb fro , becomes the new Mogul emperor and enforces an orthodox version of Islam Kolhapur e busiest port of the Mogul

Kesev Rai temple at Mathura rbr>1670: Shivaji (Sivaji) raids again Surat

m with capital at Raigad

d by his brother Rajaram and by the prime minister (peshwa) Ramchandra Pa

with queen Tara Bai as regent

who kills his brothers Azam Shah and Kam Bakhsh, while Shahu is released fro

Mogul in Punjab led by the ascetic Banda otege of amir Zulfikar Khan, who becomes the new wazir f the Maratha kingdom and the peshwa becomes a hereditary title while quee siyar, who becomes the new emperor, and Sayyid Abdullah Khan, who becom

becomes an autonomous state

d install Muhammad Shah on the throne with help from Maratha peshwa Bala ed him

nd founds the Asaf Jahi dynasty (the Nazims) in Hyderabad

he Arabian sea

power in India

ccess to Bengal

he decline of the Maratha empire

-1707)

him (1757-1760)

him (1763-1765)

22-1739)

827-1837) 7-1842) 842-1847)

-1857)

911-1948)

with the name Shah Jahan while Jahangir's other son Shahryar (married to Nur

ist Aurangzeb from the Deccan, Shah Shuja from Bengal, Murad from Gujarat x version of Islam

s again Surat

) Ramchandra Pant Amatya Bawdekar, while the seven-yeard old heir Shahu

hu is released from jail, challenging Tara Bai for control of the Maratha kingd

ry title while queen Tara Bai moves her court to Kolhapur Khan, who becomes the new wazir

atha peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, who obtains recognition of his independence

ryar (married to Nur Jahan's daughter) is executed together with all the other

Murad from Gujarat)

eard old heir Shahu is jailed by the Mogul

f the Maratha kingdom, and while the Rajput Ajit Singh reconquers Jodhpur fr

f his independence

er with all the other potential pretenders

conquers Jodhpur from the Mogul and bans Islam