Admin Midterm

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What are common administrative duties? A. Managing a swimming pool B. Serving on committees C. Writing curriculum revisions D. Ordering equipment E. Inventorying equipment What are the pros and cons of becoming an administrator? Pros A. Increased financial rewards B. Professional prestige C. Social prestige D. Professional challenge E. Personal power Cons A. Lack of job security B. Loss of personal time C. Loss of personal relations with students D. Reduced time for research and teaching E. Insufficient time to accomplish tasks and long hours. Why is it important to have a philosophy of administration? -Administrative actions spring from values that are established by philosophy.

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What are the five philosophies discussed in class and what values would a physical educator/coach/administrator have if he/she supported each of the following philosophies: eclecticism, idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism? - Eclecticism- means adopting parts of several philosophies rather than adhering to just one. - Idealism- reality depends on the mind and spirit; truth is gained from ideas; values are foundations for life and remain static and unchanging. - Realism- reality is based on science; truth is gained through the physical world by experimentation; truth is found with material things and nature with its laws and orders; value is something objective. - Pragmatism- reality must be experienced and is not fixed but is ever changing; truth is discovered by experience and it holds only until a new experience causes adjustment; truth is what works and is therefore practical; and value is predicated on our judgement as a result of experience and relates to the good of society.

Admin Midterm

- Existentialism- reality lies within each individual and the experience of being; individuals have freedom of choice and responsibility for their own morals; truth is arrived at through personal experience; values are determined through self-examination; subsequently, choices are directed toward self-realization and self-determination. 5. * What are the three major administrative styles? What traits are associated with each administrative style? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each style? Be able to provide an example of when it is appropriate to use each of the styles. - Laissez-faire- head person assumes a very low profile and allows the organization to operate on its own. Strength- new ideas and programs can be tried without control. New programs can be initiated and old ones can be terminated, with ease. Weakness- lack of leadership. Ineffective programs and policies may continue without restriction. Production will be based on the lowest common denominator. Ex: a football team is a tight knit group and they have been together for a long time and you trust them to do their job, you may do this to try and see what new things they may come up with. -Autocratic- my way or the highway. Leader will call all shots and make all decisions. Strength- decisions get mad quickly and effeciently. Weakness- when the leader is absent from the group the rest may be lost since they havent had to think. Power of group thinking is lost. Buy in and support of the group. May resent the leader. Ex: p.e. Teacher at middle school in an archery class. Teacher is autocratic when safety is at risk. - Democratic- ideas are generated by a group and results in participatory governance. Strength- leader is present, provides input, gains the power of group thinking. Assess the situation after the fact. Generates group buy in. Weakness- decisions dont get made as quickly and its not as efficient. Ex: head coach working with coaching staff, watching game film and ask coaches what they think and what type of input they might have on how to improve the next week.

Admin Midterm

6.

What qualities and skills can enhance ones chances of being selected for a leadership position? - visibility- i.e. Winning an award or being published. - whom you know, or friends in the right places - image - Assertiveness- i.e. Bold without being dogmatic - academic record- i.e. A good indicator for a young administrator without experience.

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What is meant by the following quote in your book: those who know only their own discipline will always remain insecure.? - get a well rounded education to be a well rounded person

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What is the most typical organizational structure found in schools and colleges? - direct line and staff 9. What is total quality management (tqm) and how can it work in the school environment? - process of continuous improvement that focuses on responding to customers needs and decisions are based on data. - In schools in colleges, the emphasis must be on sharing power with teachers, training teachers and emphasizing high quality work for all. 10. What is mcgregors theory x and theory y? - X- old and traditional- people at the top make decisions without asking for input. Very heavy handed top down system. - Y- more modern- people in a department want to be involved and want to help. Emphasizes in dependence of individuals. 11. What does theory z relate to? - relates to the culture of the entire school. Everyone should be involved.

12. What is a quality circle and how can it be used successfully by teachers, coaches, and administrators? - small group of individuals who have similar functions, who usually meet once a week to identify and solve problems. - The best ideas for operating or changing an educational program or department come from the teachers or coaches. The administration should have more time and energy to manage and lead.

Admin Midterm

13. What are the types of power that a person can use to gain influence over a group? - Reward- person has the power to hand out things to a group. Ex: can give trophies to athletes for various awards. Coercive- have the ability to dole out punishment. Ex: gang leader will punish anyone who steps out of line. Legitimate- appointed to a job, elected, applied. Ex: President of the USA Referent- leader embodies certain characteristics of traits that the group admire. Ex: person who has spent 3 years in africa walked the walk and is respected for his actions.

- Expert power- leader has an expertise in something important to the group. Ex: a pro ball player is believed by the group to have a lot of knowledge on the sport. 14. Are leaders born or made? Or do both heredity and environment play a role? - good leaders are a combination of both

15. What are the leadership theories discussed in class? Give an example of each. - Trait- a person is born with certain traits that make him a leader. A person has great opportunity to move into a leadership role if they have certain traits. I.E. Monarchy - Situational- person will rise to leadership role is based on a situation. I.E. Commander in a military group cant continue a leader will step up. - Functional- leadership is a widely shared function of a group. I.E. Football team - Contingency- is dependent on several different variables. 1. Make up of group. 2. Demands of the situation. 3. Qualities and capabilities of a leader. I.E. - Composite- 3 things that a leader must possess. 1. General personal characteristics. 2. Interpersonal relationship skills (one on one) or stand in front of a group of people and communicate effectively with them, and be empathetic. 3. Technical skills to get the job done. 16. What are the steps involved in the scientific problem solving method?

Admin Midterm

- identify the problem/ gather facts/ interpret the facts/ evaluate alternatives and select the best solution/ implement the decision/ measure the solutions effectiveness. 17. * what is delegating and why is it so difficult for many administrators to delegate authority to others? - arranging for others to do the work so that you have time and energy to synthesize and analyze information from within and without, and continue to make sound decisions. -leader may be fearful that the subordinate cant be successful in the task. - some leaders are worried that the subordinate will do a better job than them. - they are control freaks, to the point where they wont let go of things. - some leaders wont because they feel guilty that someone else is doing their work. 18. What is group dynamics? How do the dynamics of a group affect both the individual and the overall group? Why is it important for a teacher/ coach/ administrator to understand group dynamics? - the interactions that affect the attitudes and behavior of people when they are grouped with others through either choice or accidental circumstances. - the dynamics of the group affect the individual and the overall groups performance directly. If the dynamics are good then the individual will perform well, which will cause the group to work well. - So that they can work towards having good group dynamics so that their performance and everyone else in their groups performance will be good. 19. What are examples of barriers to communication? - physical noise- outside noise that you cant hear over. - physical distance- distance between the people communicating. - spacial arrangements- organizing of a coaches desk - distractions- things that takes a persons attention away from listening. - lack of common knowledge- not being on the same page. 20. What are the traits of a good listener?

Admin Midterm

- talk less/ dont interrupt/ put the speaker at ease/ remove distractions/ show empathy/ show complete attention/ ask questions to clarify. 21. What percent of all communication is received through nonverbal channels? - 85% 22. What are examples of nonverbal communication? - eyes rolling/ hand gestures/ posture.

23. What are examples of methods that administrators can utilize to communicate? - weekly bulletin/ bulletin board/ personal conferences/ policies and procedures manual/ committees/ faculty meetings/ memos/ e-mail 24. What are the characteristics of the motivational theories discussed in class and how could they be applied to a teaching or coaching situation? - maslows hierarchy of needs- physiological/ safety/ social/ esteem/ self-actualization - equity theory- deals with inputs and outcomes (equitable when work and rewards are balnced/ negative inequity when you get less than you put in/ positive when you put in less than you receive. - vrooms expectancy theory- hedonistic theory that states employees seek to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The expectation will be translated into a drive to accomplish a goal. - herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory- satisfying the basic hygiene needs would not motivate employees but would keep them from being dissatisfied. Based on motivators. Recognition, achievement, advancement, good policies, salary, working condition. 25. What is equal employment opportunity (eeo) and how does it differ from affirmative action? - equal employment- means that everyone has an equal chance for employment. - Affirmative action- goes beyond and recruits underrepresented populations. 26. What do the following terms mean? - Disparate treatment- treating a group or a member of a group differently. - disparate effect- applying policies equally to all groups actually hurts some groups. - present effects of past discrimination- using seniority in releasing high school teachers but men teachers have probably been working longer because of discrimination.

Admin Midterm

27.

What does diversity in the workplace mean? - means that there are people from different groups at a certain job. Stimulates higher achievement where diverse groups work together.

28. What types of affirmative action guidelines must a public school or university follow? - (h.s.) do a work analysis to see if any group is under represented. - (college) all jobs vacancies must be advertised locally and nationally. - all screening procedures must be subjective. - job offers must reflect equitable compensation - demonstrate that a qualified person was employed - dont ask discriminatory questions 29. What is a job description and why is it important? - tasks to be completed/ subjects to be taught/ those that may also be taught/ degree required or preferred/ special competencies required/ ability to perform service functions. - Exact wording is important- so to attract the candidates desired but also because the interviews questions and judgement of the candidate must be based on the job description. 30. What types of questions may be considered unlawful discrimination? - how old are you/ do you have a disability/ what is your financial status/ have you been arrested/ have you been convicted of a crime/ what are your physical characteristics

31. What are some guidelines that a candidate should follow when interviewing for a job? - learn all you can about the organization/ make good eye contact/ offer a warm firm handshake/ listen carefully/ dress and be groomed appropriately for the job/ be early/ be relaxed/ be mentally prepared/ end the interview upbeat and follow up 32. What is staff development? Provide examples of what could be included in a schools formal staff development plan. - any planned or unplanned activity that results in improved performance

Admin Midterm

- have a teacher and coach from one school visit another to tell and show how we do it/ bring specialists in from the central office of a large system, state office, or a college/ arrange night courses or after school courses at the school 33. What steps can an individual take to better manage his/her time? - delegate all appropriate matters/ master the telephone, be polite, social, but control time/ relax and make time for yourself/ learn to say no/ develop a more realistic sense of time/ handle paperwork as little as possible.

34. What is stress? What is burnout? - stress- physiological or psychological response to an external event -burnout- syndrome characterized by feelings of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment about ones work. 35. Can stress kill you? - yes if you always respond poorly to it. What physical symptoms might a person under stress have? - eating to much, not eating enough, sleeping to much, not sleeping enough What is type a behavior? - aggressive, impatient, got getter, charged up, on edge

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38. What does the fight or flight system refer to? What types of biochemical changes take place when the human body reacts to a potential danger? - the way that animals deal with fear or stress (run or fight) - Muscle tension, surge of adrenaline, slowed digestive processes, dilated eyes, increased red blood cell production 39. What are the causes of burnout among physical education teachers? - qualitative overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, time pressure, job scope

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What causes burnout in coaches? - similar things as teachers, but also the pressure to win, family involvement, and criticism. but coaches have some relief, support, and authority to lessen it.

41. What are some coping techniques for teachers/coaches/administrators that may prevent them from suffering from burnout? - teachers- timeouts from teaching, time with adults, researching projects, new teaching methods, meditating. - coaches- yoga, meditating, awareness, biofeedback

Admin Midterm

- administrators- exercise, solve problems in a timely manner, write a decision to a problem out before leaving work so not to take it home with you and still have the opportunity to change it when you get back to work. 42. Know the definitions that are listed at the beginning of this chapter. Also know the terminology utilized throughout the chapter such as good samaritan laws and assumption of risk. - Attractive nuisance- maintenance of a condition likely to attract children at play to a dangerous situation. - contributory negligence- conduct on the part of the plaintiff, contributing as a legal cause to the harm suffered, which falls below the standard to which plaintiff is required to conform for his own protection. - defamation- is that which tends to injure the reputation, esteem, or good name of another. - governmental immunity- common law principle that it is not in the public interest for governmental agencies to be sued except where waived or permitted by law. - in loco parentis- in place of the parent - liability- the condition of being responsible either for damages resulting from an injurious act or for discharging an obligation or debt. - libel- written defamation. - litigation- lawsuit. Court action. - malfeasance- commission of an illegal act. - Misfeasance- improper or unlawful performance of a lawful act. - negligence- lack of ordinary care in ones actions; failure to exercise due care. - nonfeasance- failure to perform a duty that was legally required. - plaintiff- initiator of a legal action - proximate cause- the reason, under law, for the injury.

Admin Midterm

- respondeat superior- common law principle that the employer is responsible for the employee. - save harmless- law or guarantee giving respondeat superior protection to public employees accused of civil wrong associated with their official duty. - slander- spoken defamation. - standard of care- measures the actions, facilities, and equipment provided against the generally accepted practice of other sport professionals. - tort- civil wrongs, not arising from a breach of contract. - good samaritan laws- assumption of risk43. What is negligence? - either doing or failing to do what a reasonable and prudent person would have done under the same circumstances. Failure to exercise reasonable and ordinary care. Why are there more lawsuits in physical education and sport today? - more lawyers willing to work on a contingency basis and more laws to break.

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45. What four things must be proved in order for an action to be considered negligent? - duty of care owed- duty to act or not to act in an unreasonable manner. - breach of duty- can be proved by direct evidence, violation of a statute, or res ipsa loquitur (allowing the plaintiff to recover on the basis of what probably happened on the basis of circumstantial evidence). Typically measured by standard of care. - actual or proximate cause- requires it to be determined that the plaintiffs harm or injury was legally caused by the defendant's negligent act. - Damages- injuries that occurred as a direct result of the defendants negilgence. 46. What are defenses against negligence? What does each mean?

- contributory negligence- conduct on the part of the plaintiff, contributing as a legal cause to the harm suffered, which falls below the standard to which plaintiff is required to conform for his own protection.

Admin Midterm

- comparative negligence- assesses the amount of negligence on either side and then apportions the damages based on the amount of negligence by the two parties. - assumption of risk- voluntary assumption, expressed or implied, of a known and appreciated risk. - act of god- something beyond the control of anyone occurred. - Immunity- the government cannot be sued or a body of it I.E. A school/ - statute of limitations- if the plaintiff has not filed a complaint within the states prescribed time, there will be no recovery/ - good samaritan laws- protect those offering first aid to injured people as long as treatment isnt reckless or wantonly harmful. 47. What is product liability and why should it be of interest to physical educators and coaches? - product liability- liability on the manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and supplier for defective products placed on the market that cause injury. - if they find out a product is defective, to pull it out of the program and to make sure products are used correctly. Also, it can be a defense to say that the product manufacturer is at fault not the teacher/ coach. 48. What is an attractive nuisance? - maintenance of a condition likely to attract children at play to a dangerous situation. 49. What precautions can coaches take to avoid legal problems related to facilities, equipment, supervision, and discipline? - facilities- ensure that the facility is properly designed and maintained, develop and post rules for safety. - equipment- ensure that proper and safe equipment is purchased, fit, and maintained. If not dont let players play. - supervision- make sure that players are always supervised by a competent person and make sure there is adequate supervision for the amount of players. - Discipline- never touch a player when you are angry. individualize punishment. 50. What types of legal problems can arise in the areas of good conduct rules for athletes, eligibility and residence requirements, test scores and grades,

Admin Midterm

violence in sport, match and mismatch, prayer on the field, drug testing, injuries to spectators? - good conduct rules- players can sue if they arent allowed to play because they broke a rule. The courts will only intervene only if the association violates the constitutional rights of the athlete, if the association violates its own rules, or to ensure fairness. - eligibility and residence- generally, the majority of the contested cases of transfer of residence have resulted in the associations rules being upheld. But, with more open enrollment and home schools, the court findings are mixed. - test scores and grades- when rules apply academic achievement from a previous level to a new situation there is a possibility of a lawsuit. - violence in sport- coaches put themselves in liable positions when they teach players to win at any cost. When coaches direct a player to commit violence or doesnt take punitive action on the player then they can be held liable for the actions of the player. - match and mismatch- when you dont match players up against other players who have a similar weight or body structure and ability, you could be sued. - prayer on the field- drug testing- cannot violate the fourth amendment of unreasonable search and seizure, interfere with privacy, or violate due process if it does the player can sue. - injuries to spectators- injuries that occur because of basically a lack of common sense can lead to a school being sued. Have high fences on areas where balls can strike a fan, have bleachers that wont hurt people, and keep people far enough away that they cant be hurt by players. 51. What is public law 94-142 and what implications does it have for physical education classes? - education for all handicapped children law enacted in 1975. That physical education classes have to be designed to meet their needs. 52. What is gender equity? - is the goal of the equality of genders.

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What does title 9 of the education amendments of 1972 state? - no person shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance

Admin Midterm

54.

What is sexual harassment? - unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, and other verbal, nonverbal, or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

55. What are some strategies that teachers can employ to protect themselves from charges of sexual harassment? - dont hold closed door meetings, dont hold after school meetings unless another adult is there, treat all students equally, do not touch students, do not invite students over to your house or have overnight trips unless other adults are present, and be professional in behavior and dress. 56. What is measurement? - the task of administering a test for the purpose of obtaining a quantifiable score. 57. What is evaluation? - translation of test results into meaningful information that will aid in making objective decisions 58. What is formative evaluation? - evaluation that is ongoing 59. What is summative evaluation? -evaluation at the end of the program What sorts of things can be evaluated in a school district? - personnel, programs, equipment and facilities, students and athletes, budgets

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61. What are the pros and cons of peer evaluation? -pros - peers are in the best position to evaluate the quality of performance. - administrators endorse peer evaluation to broaden the base of rating and reduce the impact of the administrators evaluation. - Cons - Hard to arrange in class visitations. - Personality problems may enter into evaluation. - Teachers dont like evaluating colleagues. - Friendships can be jeopardized. 62. * What are arguments that support student evaluations of teachers? What are reasons for not supporting student evaluations of teachers? - should- Students are the consumers and have the right to evaluate

Admin Midterm

- Student evaluations can provide valuable feedback. - Provide accountability of the teacher. - Imperfect data is better than no data. - shouldnt- Students may base the evaluation on their grade. - May use the evaluation for revenge. - To immature to make an evaluation. - Teachers may dummy down class.