WRITING APA STYLE

WHAT IS APA STYLE?

APA STANDS FOR AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION AND IS A STANDARD SET OF CONVENTIONS USED FORFORMATTING MANUSCRIPTS. IT CONTAINS DETAILS INSTRUCTION FOR IN-TEXT CITATIONS REFERENCES, REFERNCES LIST, PAGINATION, MARGINS, HIERARCHY OF SUB -HEADINGS, RUNNING HEADINGS ETC. IT IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO SITE SOURCES WITHIN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES.

WHO USES APA?

APA DESCRIBES RULES FOR THE PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS FOR WRITERS AND STUDENTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES SUCH AS : PYCHOLOGY LINGUISTICS, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, CRIMINOLOGY AND BUSINESS.

BASIC FORMATS FOR CITING BOOKS

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher

BOOKS WITH ONE AUTHOR Gerald, K. (2007). Statistics for Management and Economics (7th. Ed.) New York, NY: Thompson South Western. BOOKS WITH TWO AUTHORS Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2001). Organizational Development and Change. (6th.ed). Washington, DC: South Western College Publishing. BOOKS WITH THREE TO SEVEN AUTHORS Kernis, M.H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S (1993). Technical Communication. Washington, DC : Anchor EDITED BOOKS WITH NO AUTHORS Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Ed.) . (1997). Consequences of Growing up Poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation

BASIC FORMATS FOR CITING BOOKS CONTD

EDITED BOOK WITH 1 AUTHOR OR AUTHORS Plath, S. (2000). The Unabridged Journals K.V Kukil, (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor. REFERENCE BOOKS Sadie, S., & Tyrrell, J. (Eds.). (2002) In The New Groove Dictionary Music and Musicians. (2nd ed., Vols. 1-29). New York, NY: Grove.

ARTICLE IN AN ENCYCLOPEDIA
Kinni, T. B. (2004). Disney, Walt (1901-1966) : Founder of the Walt Disney Company in Encyclopedia of Leadership (Vol.1, pp. 345349). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication

FORMAT FOR CITING ARTICLES IN A PERIODICAL ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896

ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE
Henry, W.A., (1990, April 9). Making the grade in todays schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

ARTICLE IN A NEWSPAPER
UNLIKE OTHER PERIODICALS, p OR pp. PRECEDES PAGE NUMBERS FOR A NEWSPAPER REFERENCE IN APA STYLE. SINGLE PAGES TAKE p., E.G. p. B2; MULTIPLE PAGES TAKE pp . B2, B4, C1, C2-C4.

Scultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made strengthen state energy policies. TheGleaner, pp. 1A, 2A.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Moller, G. (2002, August). Ripples versus Rumbles [Letter to the Editor].
( SOURCE : OWL PURDUE ONLINE WRITING LAB)

FORMAT FOR ELECTRONIC SOURCES

ARTICLE FROM A DATABASE

Smyth, A. M., Parker A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating, 8 (3) , 120-125.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychaitry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from http: // www.nytimes.com
ELECTRONIC BOOKS

De Huff, E.W. Taytays tales: Traditional Pueblo Indian tales. Retrieved from http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/ dehuff/taytay/tay.html
ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND DICTIONARIES

Feminism. (1998). In Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved from http://www. britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/724633/ feminism
( SOURCE : OWL PURDUE ONLINE WRITING LAB)

IN -TEXT CITATIONS
SHORT QUOTATIONS According to Jones (1998), Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time (p.199).
IF THE AUTHOR IS NOT NAMED IN A SIGNAL PHRASE, PLACE THE AUTHORS LAST NAME, THE YEAR OF PUBLICATION,AND THE PAGE NUMBER IN PARENTHESIS AFTER THE QUOTE.

She stated, Students often have difficulty using APA style, But she did not offer an explanation as to why (Jones,1998, p.99) LONG QUOTATIONS Joness (1998) study found the following Students often have difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficult could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style Manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p.199)
( SOURCE : OWL PURDUE ONLINE WRITING LAB)