PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Bacteria and Viruses

Direct hand to hand contact

Droplet

Enter to the nose by inhaling

Immune defenses

Hair lining filters and trap some pathogens Potential invaders Traps in upper respirator tract which coats by mucus

Junction of the posterior nose to pharynx Impinge on the back of the throat

Transport pathogens up to the pharynx

Inflammatory response to immune system

Swelling

Erythema

Increase mucous secretions

Fever

Cough

Cold

Adenoids and tonsils contain immune cell that respond to pathogens Humoral immunity and cellular immunity acts to reduce infections throughout the entire respiratory tract

Suboptimal humoral and phagocytic immune Pathogens resist destruction by a variety of mechanism Production of toxins proteases Initial nasopharyngeal infection maybe spread to adjacent

sinusitis

rhinitis

Laryngitis

pharyngitis