caza Report

assessment of operations of Kneehill animal control and Rehabilitation centre Ltd, also known as Guzoo, located within the province of alberta.

prepared for the Department of agriculture, Food and Rural Development and the Department of sustainable Resource Development of the province of alberta by the canadian association of zoos and aquariums.

Guzoo inspection may 2011

taBLe oF contents executive summary ..........................................................3 introduction........................................................................4 animal collection & Records management .......................5 Wildlife and controlled animal transportation standards ..6 Wildlife and controlled animal containment standards ....7 off-site Display standards ................................................7 species conservation and education standards ..............7 public and staff safety standards .....................................8 staff experience and training standards ..........................8 General exhibit standards ................................................9 animal Health care standards ........................................10 animal Behaviour Husbandry standards ......................... 11 General animal care standards...................................... 11 concluding comments and observations ....................... 12 site photographs ............................................................. 13

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executive summaRy
in april 2011 the canadian association of zoos and aquariums (caza) was contracted by the Government of alberta to conduct a review of the operations of a facility located near three Hills alberta known as Guzoo. the contract provided for an independent, objective, professional assessment of all aspects of the facilitys operations based upon the requirements of the alberta zoo standards. subsequently caza was to provide a written report summarizing the outcome of the assessment as well as the general health of the animals at the facility. caza developed an assessment tool linked directly to the alberta zoo standards utilizing the caza inspection scoring approach and philosophy. CAZA then assembled an inspection team consisting of a highly qualified, experienced licensed veterinarian and a zoo professional with extensive animal husbandry and zoo management experience. on may 4 & 5 the caza inspection team visited Guzoo. During the inspection they were supported by representatives of alberta sustainable Resource Development (sRD) and the alberta society for protection of animals (aspca). During the inspection 108 elements of the alberta zoo standards were assessed and rated using the caza inspection form and rating process. Based on that assessment Guzoo received scores of: Rating of 3- exceeds standards: Rating of 2- meets standards: Rating of 1- does not meet standards but with effort could do so: Rating of 0 does not meet standards and is unlikely to do so: 0 31 45 32

in assessing Guzoos performance, the score they received was compared to the potential score they could have received based on the number of elements assessed. Guzoo achieved a rating of 49%. The inspection indicates that there are two significant underlying issues affecting the operations of GuZoo. The first is resources; the second is the position of the owner relative to many of the requirements of the alberta zoo standards. Lack of financial resources is at the base of many of the inadequate structures and facilities at GuZoo. Without the necessary money to build, maintain and upgrade as needed the entire infrastructure in the zoo there has been, and will continue to be, a lack of acceptable housing, exhibits and support facilities. in addition the lack of resources leads to an inadequate number of trained, qualified staff which leads directly to unacceptable standards of cleanliness in exhibits and support infrastructure such as waterers and feed preparation areas. the lack of resources also leads to dependency on potentially harmful food sources such as road kill or other donated animals that are not appropriately screened prior to being given to the collection. Finally the lack of resources contributes to a less than optimum amount of veterinary input to collection health and management issues. the position of the owner with respect to several key requirements of the alberta standards is an issue. animal identification is a critical step in managing an animal collection, and as has been identified in numerous comments, this is not provided for at GuZoo. The owner has not put in place an identification program and has clearly indicated he does not plan to do so. in addition he has not put in place an environmental enrichment program that includes appropriate staff training, and again has indicated no intention of doing so in the future. Finally the veterinary program at
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Guzoo is inconsistent with the role of the veterinarian as described in the standards, including the crucial decision as to when a veterinarian needs to be involved in the management of the collection. this problem is exacerbated by the absence of modern animal facility design and construction. the owner has a lifetime of experience with farm animals but does not have similar experience and knowledge of modern wildlife and exotic animal design techniques.

intRoDuction
The Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums (CAZA) was formed in 1975 as a national, not-for-profit organization. it is the national voice of the zoo and aquarium community in canada. Representing the leading zoological parks and aquariums, its purpose is to promote the welfare of animals and encourage the advancement of conservation, education, and science. there are two alberta Government departments with direct legislative jurisdiction over zoos. the Department of agriculture, Food and Rural Development (aaFRD) administers the animal protection act and its regulations. the Department of sustainable Resource Development (sRD) administers the Wildlife act and its regulations. agencies with authority under the animal protection act are responsible for enforcement of animal care standards. in april 2011 caza was contracted by the Government of alberta to conduct a review of the operations of a facility located near three Hills alberta known as Guzoo. the scope of the contract was as follows: caza will conduct an independent, objective, professional assessment of all aspects of the facilitys operations based upon the requirements of the alberta zoo standards. subsequently caza will provide a written report that summarizes the outcome of the assessment as well as the general health of the animals at the facility. caza will: Develop an assessment tool and process based on the alberta zoo standards. this tool and process is to be reviewed and approved by the Department prior to the scheduled site visit. Provide two qualified inspectors (one an experienced zoo veterinarian) to visit the site and utilize the preapproved caza assessment tool to assess the operations of the facility. caza will provide names and credentials of inspectors to the Department prior to site assessment. upon completion of the facility site visit, caza designate(s) will provide a verbal progress report to the Departments designate(s). produce a report indicating whether the facility is in compliance with the alberta zoo standards and the facilitys approved zoo Development plan; what standards, if any, the facility is failing to comply with; and any suggestions as to how or whether compliance can be accomplished. Report is to be submitted to the Department designate no later than may 16, 2011. Maintain confidentiality of any and all correspondence and other documentation related to this contract. as per the agreement caza developed an assessment tool linked directly to the alberta zoo standards and utilizing the caza inspection scoring approach and philosophy. the caza scoring system is as follows: caza accreditation scoring is based on a four level system. an institution that meets standard in an element of the accreditation assessment will be awarded a score of 2. if an institution does exceptionally well in an element of the assessment they gain additional recognition and a score of 3. If an institution does not achieve standard they will be given a score of 1 if it appears that the deficiency can be

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rectified in a reasonable period of time. if it appears that they will not be able to meet standard in a reasonable period of time they will be scored a 0

the inspection form and process were reviewed with alberta Government representatives by teleconference and approved for usage. caza assembled an inspection team consisting of a licensed veterinarian and a zoo professional with extensive animal husbandry and zoo management experience. the team members each have in excess of 32 years of experience in the zoo field. on may 4 & 5 the caza inspection team visited Guzoo. During the inspection they were supported by representatives of alberta sustainable Resource Development (sRD) and the alberta society for protection of animals (aspca). in addition to this support the inspectors were able to refer to Guzoos approved development plan and where appropriate the American Zoo Association (AZA) Minimum Standards for Mammals as defined within the current Alberta Zoo standards. Discussions were held with the owners of the facility and the contract veterinarian. the inspection team appreciated their open and forthcoming responses to any and all queries. an initial feedback teleconference was held on may 9 with representatives from alberta and initial results of the assessment were discussed and reporting expectations and timelines were reviewed and agreed on. this report summarizes the inspection teams observations and rating of the Guzoo facility. the full inspection form titled Final Guzoo inspection Form is included with this report and should be utilized to obtain the detailed assessment and commentary of the inspectors. the report is structured to parallel the layout of the inspection Form and the alberta standards. the graphs that accompany each section illustrate the ratings found in the inspection form.

animaL coLLection & RecoRDs manaGement

the basis for any animal management program lies in an effective and accurate records system. this need is clearly defined in the Alberta Standards. Individual animal identification is the key to a meaningful record system. the owner has indicated that he does not now, nor does he intend in the future, to individually identify all of the animals in his collection. The lack of individual animal identification precludes the implementation of any effective collection management and animal health records system of a zoological collection containing a large number of animals and species. the resulting lack of accountability makes it virtually impossible for regulatory agencies to have any confidence in animal tracking within the collection such as births, parentage, deaths, acquisitions and dispositions of animals from/to other institutions or individuals.

Frequency
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0
Frequency

the lack of any effective separation of animals and groups within the collection combined with the lack of animal identification places the entire animal inventory of domestic and controlled animals at risk in the event of an infecGuzoo inspection may 2011 canaDian association oF zoos anD aQuaRiums association Des zoos et aQuaRiums Du canaDa 5 association Des zoos et aQuaRiums Du canaDa

tious disease outbreak on the premise. the uncontrolled movement of domestic animals into and from the Guzoo property combined with the lack of clear and effective separation of controlled and uncontrolled animals on the property, the absence of participation in any routine monitoring programs for federally regulated disease such as tB and Brucellosis and the lack of herd health monitoring through routine necropsy examination, scheduled veterinary monitoring and an effective preventative health program imparts considerable disease risk to the contact animals of those receiving animals from Guzoo and seriously compromises disease trace-back efforts in the event of the diagnosis of infectious disease involving Guzoo.

WiLDLiFe anD contRoLLeD animaL tRanspoRtation stanDaRDs

Once again the lack of individual identification and an acceptable record keeping system makes it very difficult to determine if compliance with permitting regulations is occurring. Guzoo relies on the zoo from which animal acquisitions originate to ensure that the animals being transported are healthy and free of infectious disease and so Guzoo does not routinely quarantine newly arrived animals. animals are, however, frequently acquired from agents who purchase and redistribute animals and are shipped by animal transporters that are often carrying several animal species, entering and picking-up or leaving-off animals at several institutions in one trip. the potential for infectious disease exposure during transport combined with the stress of animal transportation increases the potential for infection.

Frequency
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0
Frequency

all animals entering a zoo should be isolated for a period during which any disease encountered in transit would have the opportunity to express itself. minimum quarantine period for newly arrived zoo animals is widely accepted to be 30 days. this is not routinely the case at Guzoo. in addition an inspection of newly arrived animals by the facilities veterinarian is a requirement within the standards that is not being adhered to at Guzoo.

Guzoo inspection may 2011

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WiLDLiFe anD contRoLLeD animaL containment stanDaRDs

the perimeter fence is not an effective barrier to many endemic wildlife species such as coyotes and small deer. it is a visible barrier to the animals within Guzoo but not an effective physical barrier to many of the species held in the collection. While the escape of wolves, large cats, bears and primates beyond the perimeter fence represents a physical risk to people in the community, the game fence and bar fence would likely contain the larger ungulates. the porosity of the perimeter to wildlife increases the risk of the transfer of an infectious, controlled disease between zoo and free-ranging wildlife animals. the lack of supervision of unlocked animal holding areas could lead to animal escape, theft or abuse or to public injury.

Frequency
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0

Frequency

oFF-site DispLay stanDaRDs

off-site activities were described in the Development plan that the inspectors reviewed but according to Guzoo representatives this program has been recently suspended.

species conseRvation anD eDucation stanDaRDs Frequency

the alberta zoo standards require that there be an active education program in place in all licensed operations. CAZA considers active education programming to be an education program that involves the distribution of information to an audience by presentation or performance that typically includes public participation in the form of question and answer or discussion. there is no such program in place. While there are some labels on exhibits as required by the alberta standards, several of them were found to be inaccurate.
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0
Frequency

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puBLic anD staFF saFety stanDaRDs

the lack of adequate shift facilities for dangerous animals creates an unsafe working environment for anyone trying to service dangerous animal exhibits. there are few, if any, dangerous animal exhibits that contained adequate, safe, secure shift areas. it was evident that animals were not shifted on a routine basis for exhibit cleaning and maintenance. there were guillotine doors on most dangerous carnivore/omnivore shifts or exhibit separations but there were no locking mechanisms on these doors and many were of questionable strength considering the animals they were confining. There was also no way to safely access the shift areas for cleaning of some enclosures resulting in a significant accumulation of fecal material and waste feed in these areas.

Frequency
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0

Frequency

the staff complement is not adequate to service and clean enclosures daily as required by alberta standards. the massive accumulation of feces, waste feed and in some cases bedding clearly indicates that enclosures are not appropriately serviced to maintain an acceptable environment for the animals in the collection. there is also inadequate staff to safely service exhibits of animals that might not be shifted for exhibit servicing but still represent a hazard to a lone zoo keeper i.e.: bison, yak, muskox, tahr, elk, etc. non-dangerous animals in contact areas or in enclosures that are left unlocked and unsupervised are at-risk of abuse by the public. the camel being accessible to direct, unsupervised contact with the public is a public safety concern. Wash stations are available at some of the common contact areas. the caza inspectors had concerns for the light, temperature control and ventilation in the enclosed structures including the special care Barn, the old primate building, and the old dairy barn. they suspect that the odour and lack of ventilation in these areas indicate both a human and animal health risk.

staFF expeRience anD tRaininG stanDaRDs

Appropriate numbers of trained, qualified staff are key to the successful operation of a zoological facility. as noted previously the levels of staff available to care for a collection the size and sophistication of the one at Guzoo are inadequate and as a result enclosures are not cleaned

Frequency
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0
Frequency

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and maintained as required in the alberta standards. in discussions with the owner it was acknowledged that the numbers of staff were inadequate however he said that he did not have the resources to hire more staff. the use of volunteers was discussed and the idea largely discarded by the owner due to the difficulties involved in providing supervision etc. a zoological facility must have an adequate complement of knowledgeable staff under contract to provide for the basic needs of the collection. volunteers can assist contracted staff with animal husbandry but are typically utilized to assist with projects and programs beyond the basic operational needs of the institution. a staff training program is also a requirement of the alberta standards but does not exist at Guzoo.

GeneRaL exHiBit stanDaRDs

exhibits and animal holding facilities are in most cases inadequate in some way for the animals being held in them. size of the exhibits is generally acceptable but there is a lack of fixed and variable cage furniture in many exhibits to encourage animals to be active and express a full range of physical activity. Much of the fixed cage features such as den boxes and platforms are in poor repair and in some cases unsafe, for instance: the shed in the muskox enclosure with the metal sheeting detached, detached metal and a broken mirror in the solitary macaque enclosure, platform for the lynx are some examples.

Frequency
10 8 6 4 2 0
Frequency

Winter accommodation for some animals such as the Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0 tiger and lion does not provide adequate protection from cold and wind. other winter protected enclosures are inadequate in size, ventilation and complexity. the old primate building and the special care building are inadequate for over wintering the collection. ventilation is a concern in these holding areas and there are no interior shift cages in these holding areas so the animals need to be moved outside if the holding area is to be cleaned. the Japanese macaques should have a weather protected, insulated winter shelter. aza minimum Husbandry Guidelines for mammals suggests access to indoor holding facilities with temperatures between 18-29c (65-85F) during periods of cold temperatures. the Guzoo site is on a hillside so there is very effective natural drainage over most of the site. one mud wallow purposefully created for the Tule elk contained a significant volume of grossly contaminated water. Another depression in the wolf exhibit likely created by digging of the wolves, has a similar static pool of grossly contaminated water. there are no heated water drinkers for outdoor enclosures therefore any fresh water would need to be made available at least daily through the winter by delivery to the enclosures to meet the requirements of the alberta zoo stanassociation Des zoos et aQuaRiums Du canaDa Guzoo inspection may 2011 canaDian association oF zoos anD aQuaRiums association Des zoos et aQuaRiums Du canaDa 9

dards. At the time of the inspection many of the water containers were contaminated with dirt and some had significant algae growth. automatic waterers that service many of the ungulate enclosures were being commissioned for the season during the inspection. The provision of clear, fresh water to such a large collection as specified by the alberta standards would be very challenging with the existing complement of staff.

animaL HeaLtH caRe stanDaRDs

Developing and maintaining an effective zoo animal health program and records system is dependent on animal identification, effective surveillance (necropsy and routine examination), access to all the husbandry information (diets, observations), cooperation in treatment and feedback. There is no individual animal identification which makes an effective, preventative, animal health management program impossible. necropsies are performed infrequently and examinations are not performed routinely on the existing collection or on newly arrived animals. there are no daily husbandry and animal observation records and the veterinarian does not have a fixed schedule of service to Guzoo.

Frequency
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0

Frequency

there is no written protocol for veterinary review of diets for new or existing animals in the collection as required in the standards however diet review is a part of the analysis in the event a clinical problem is brought to the attention of the veterinarian. the owner creates diets using information provided by the source of new animal species. no medical records are maintained by the veterinarian at her practice clinic. the only medical records are those accompanying arriving animals which are kept in the record book and possibly in the calendar records at the zoo. this might meet avma standards but would not meet caza accreditation standards that require duplication of both animal inventory and medical records. there are no effective restraint facilities for any of the species that cannot be physically restrained by hand, net or catch-pole. the veterinarian does have access to chemical restraint agents and equipment. the standards require that all deaths be reported to the veterinarian. the Guzoo representative suggested that was done however, the veterinarian did not think that was necessarily the case. Without individual animal identification that is maintained in animal inventory records, there is no way to reconcile this difference of opinion. Because of the lack of effective separation of controlled wildlife and uncontrolled animals on the premises, the inspectors believe that the alberta standards clearly indicate that all animals on the Guzoo premise should be considered controlled animals and should therefore not be allowed to leave the premises. Without this restriction of animal movement, there is an increased risk of disease spread from this facility in which no animals are routinely tested for controlled diseases and some of the controlled species cannot be tested for those diseases. there is however,
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confusion on this subject that needs to be clarified. there appears to be a good veterinary/client relationship but there is not the acceptance by the client that health of the collection should be managed by the veterinarian.

animaL BeHaviouR HusBanDRy stanDaRDs

Behavioural enrichment occurs to a limited extent but is not coordinated and planned on an exhibit basis. there has been no staff training in behavioural enrichment and no plan to do so. there is little evidence of training that would facilitate husbandry or animal health care procedures. the small cat and singing dog enclosures have the best examples of structures providing privacy and cover within the enclosure. Because many of the small carnivore exhibits have viewing from more than one side, it is very important to the welfare of the animal occupant to have effective cover and vertical structure. the lion, tiger and coyote exhibits are almost completely devoid of any structural features.

Frequency
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0
Frequency

the feeding of dead stock tainted with barbiturate resulted in the death of one tiger. all dead stock and road kills represent a health risk because the reason the animal was culled or why it wandered onto the road is unknown. plastic bags and bag ties were frequently seen in many exhibits and the husbandry personnel will sometimes offer animals unopened processed fruit containers (fruit-cups) and let the animals work their way into the container. This might be considered food enrichment but the containers represent a risk if eaten.

GeneRaL animaL caRe stanDaRDs

7

Frequency

From an overall perspective the collection appeared to be in good physical condition, however, the level of care and husbandry is compromised by a lack of qualified animal care personnel and a lack of knowledge of acceptable animal care standards. the resulting general animal care is deficient in many ways from basic hygiene and nutrition to disease risk management and animal enrichment and training. there is little on-going veterinary input into diets. Water

6 5 4 3

2
1 0 Rating 3 Rating 2 Rating 1 Rating 0

Frequency

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availability and quality is believed to vary considerably throughout the year. many animals are likely dependent on snow for fluid intake in the winter supplemented by fresh water when made available. Animals without access to automatic waterers are dependent on water distribution to a variety of plastic and metal water containers that at the time of inspection were mostly dirty and many water containers had significant algae growth even though the temperatures remained relatively cool.

concLuDinG comments anD oBseRvations

During the inspection 108 elements of the alberta zoo standards were assessed and rated using the caza inspection form and rating process. Based on that assessment Guzoo received scores of: Rating of 3- exceeds standards: Rating of 2- meets standards: Rating of 1- does not meet standards but with effort could do so: Rating of 0 does not meet standards and is unlikely to do so: 0 31 45 32

in assessing Guzoos performance, the score that they received was compared to the potential score that they could have received based on the number of elements assessed. Guzoo achieved a rating of 49%. The inspection indicates that there are two significant underlying issues affecting the operations of GuZoo. The first is resources; the second is the position of the owner relative to many of the requirements of the alberta zoo standards. A lack of financial resources is at the base of many of the inadequate structures and facilities at GuZoo. Without the necessary money to build, maintain and upgrade as needed the entire infrastructure in the zoo there has been, and will continue to be, a lack of acceptable housing, exhibits and support facilities. in addition the lack of resources leads to an inadequate number of trained, qualified staff which leads directly to unacceptable standards of cleanliness in exhibits and support infrastructure such as waterers and feed preparation areas. the lack of resources also leads to a dependency on potentially harmful food sources such as road kill or other donated animals that are not appropriately screened prior to being given to the collection. Finally the lack of resources contributes to a less than optimum amount of veterinary input to collection health and management issues. The position of the owner with respect to several key requirements of the Alberta Standards is an issue. Animal identification is a critical step in managing an animal collection, and as has been identified in numerous comments, this is not provided for at GuZoo. The owner has not put in place an identification program and has clearly indicated he does not plan to do so. in addition he has not put in place an environmental enrichment program that includes appropriate staff training, and again has indicated no intention of doing so in the future. Finally the role of the veterinarian, as described in the standards, is inconsistent with the veterinary program at Guzoo, including the crucial decision as to when a veterinarian needs to be involved in the management of the collection. this problem is exacerbated by the absence of modern animal facility design and construction. the owner has a lifetime of experience with farm animals but does not have similar experience and knowledge of modern wildlife and exotic animal design techniques. one requirement of the contract was to offer an opinion regarding how long it would take, or even if, the facility could be brought into compliance with the Alberta Standards. Given the underlying issues of insufficient resources and the owners position on the Standards it seems unlikely without a significant change in one or both of these that compliance is achievable.
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a comparison of caza standards to the alberta standards was also requested. in those elements that both documents speak to, the caza standards are more detailed and in most of the areas explore issues more deeply than do the alberta standards. this is evidenced in areas of safety and security, staff training, veterinary care, physical facilities, animal care, records maintenance, operational and capital planning and development, conservation and education. there are a number of areas that are addressed in the caza standards that are not in the alberta standards. These include governance, financial management, support organization and research. Due to the difference in the structuring of the two sets of standards, a detailed comparison could be accomplished however would take significant effort to accomplish accurately.

site pHotoGRapHs
the following photgraphs are a representative sample of those taken by the inspection team during their site visit. they are intended to further illustrate and document the comments and observations contained in the inspection Form and in this report.

an example of the many poorly maintained water dishes found in the park. alberta standards require daily cleaning and provision of potable water.

arabian camel enclosure showing damaged shelter, plastic material and baler twine. there are no animal bites signs and the bull can reach through the containment fence to the public.

Guzoo inspection may 2011

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only water source in capybara / canada Goose enclosure

capybara shelter showing build up of faecal materials.

Lynx enclosure- poor condition of structure posing hazard to animals.

Lynx enclosure- showing build up of waste food and faecal materials.

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sika Deer water tank showing algae build up.

tiger enclosure - shift door closes by gravity only and cannot be remotely secured.

Winter holding - food preparation area- generally unkempt and poorly maintained.

Wolf enclosure- little shelter available and contaminated standing water in pool.

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400-280, rue Metcalfe St. O ttawa, Ontario, Canada, K2P 1R7

613-567-0099

613-233-5438 www.caza.ca info@caza.ca