ELECTRON TRANSFER AT NICKEL ELECTRODE

A Research Thesis Submitted To The University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For The Degree of Master of Philosophy In Chemistry By Jawaria Saleem 2006-M. Phil-App-Chem.-04

Department of Chemistry University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan 2008

ELECTRON TRANSFER AT NICKEL ELECTRODE

This research thesis is submitted to the Department of Chemistry University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Philosophy in Chemistry Approved on: ___________

Internal Examiner: (Supervisor) External Examiner: Signature: ___________________ Prof. Dr. Inam-ul-Haque Signature: ______________________

Chairman of the Department

Signature: ______________________ Prof. Dr. Inam-ul-Haque

Dean of the Faculty (NSH&IS) Signature: ______________________ Prof. Dr. Fazeelat Tahira

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE-PAKISTAN

2008
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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE

Form for Release of Thesis for Examination Declaration by Candidate

I, JAWARIA SALEEM, declare that the thesis titled ELECTRON TRANSFER AT NICKEL ELECTRODE is my own work and has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, in respect of any other academic award.

___________________

___________________

Signature of Candidate

Date

I approve that the above thesis be submitted for examination.

______________________

____________________

Signature of Supervisor

Date

This form must be submitted with the thesis to the Chairman Department of Chemistry University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL

v vi 01 22

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION REFERENCES

27 53 54

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I bow my head before Almighty Allah, the most compassionate and merciful, who blessed me with sound health, sympathetic teachers and friends. I also offer my humblest thanks to Holy Prophet (PBUH) who is forever a model of guidance for humanity, enlightens the hearts of believers in their life and graves. I pay my special thanks to my supervisor for his support, guidance and encouragement.

Jawaria Saleem

ABSTRACT
There is considerable contemporary interest in the electron transfer reactions at active (transition) metal electrodes. This work reports the electrochemical behavior of potassium ferrocyanide at nickel electrode in aqueous potassium nitrate solution. Potassium ferrocyanide is frequently employed to probe one-electron transfer reactions at solid electrodes. It was found that the voltammetric oxidation of ferrocyanide at nickel is not a simple electron transfer reaction. Results indicate that cyclic voltammetric oxidation of ferrocyanide at nickel probably results in formation of complex/films. Normal pulse voltammetry revealed similar behaviour.

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