CLOSED LOOP OF TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM

By N.Nithin Kumar, M.Dhinesh.

TRAFFIC LIGHTCLOSED LOOP SYSTEM

WHAT DOES IT MEAN?  A closed loop junction with three arms.  3 phase light system.. BASIC FEATURES:  This Closed Loop Traffic Light System(CLTLS) made using ICs and other electrical components.  Allows the pedestrians to safely cross the roads during certain periods.  This CLTLS can be implemented on any road with slight modification. COMPONENTS USED:  Power source of 9V.  Decade divider counter (IC 4017)  Resistors(100 ,10k ,220K ,2K2)  Capacitors(47F,100nF,100F)  Diodes

PIN CONFIGURATION:

GENERAL WORKING OF IC CD4017:

A versatile IC of CMOS family which has got wide range of applications.It consists of a 10 stage decade counter/divider. As the name suggests its a decade counter which sets up a value when triggered or pulsed. The divider section,what it does is the o/p(after giving an external pulse) goes high and low sequentially one after the other. It has got applications where sequential switching are required and also in decorative ornamental lightning where the lights are switched on and off sequentially giving it a running effect.

TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT UNDER CONTROL SYSTEM

FOR WHAT PURPOSE?

 Traffic light helps in foster understanding through development of educational outreach materials .  Illustrate benefits and basic techniques .Share information on new technologies.Highlight need for multi-municipal cooperation.  The use of current tools, techniques and equipment to manage streets and signal systems more efficiently and in a cost-effective manner in order to improve safety, economic vitality and quality of life.  The #1 investment we can make for immediate positive impact.  Cost-effective way to improve traffic flow.  Maximizes the benefits of the existing infrastructure.  Adding capacity.Expensive.Long implementation.timeframe.Potentially controversial.Environmental and social impacts.

FACTS TO BE NOTED:
 2/3 of all miles driven are on signalized roads.  Over 300,000 signals in U.S.  75% of the signals could easily be upgraded.  Properly designed, operated and maintained traffic signal systems yield significant benefits: Less Congestion Improved fuel Consumption Vehicle Emission Reduced Improved fuel quality.

STRATEGIES:
 Standardization of equipment.  Remove unwarranted signals.  Install and maintain equipment properly.  Traffic signal retiming.  Implement additional signal plans based on time of day/day of week.  Turn lanes and minor intersection improvements.

Utilize new technologies:

 ACS Lite (Adaptive Control Software) allows older software to communicate  Interconnecting signals  Spread Spectrum (wireless)  Actuating Signals  Develop emergency priority corridors  Use of LED signal lamps

 SAVINGS

o Signal maintenance costs o Energy costs

Avg. intersection:
10 vehicular signals/ 8 pedestrian

Incandescent LED Signals bulbs

135-150 watts 70 watts 2060 watts $175/month $2,100 8-10 watts 8 watts 164 watts/less $23/month $276

Per vehicular signal Per pedestrian signal Per intersection Annual cost / intersection

Average savings of $1,824 monthly/ $40,128 annually per intersection

BENEFITS:

A statewide traffic signal retiming program in California found the following benefits:  7% reduction in travel time  14% reduction in delay  9% saving in fuel  Benefit/cost ratio 58:1 A new signal system and improved signal timing conducted in Abilene, Texas (a mid-sized urban area) achieved:  13% reduction in travel time  37% reduction in delay  6% fuel saving An advanced traffic control system in Oakland County, Michigan (a large suburban area) achieved:  30% reduction in delay  19% increase in peak hour speeds  6% reduction in accidents  33% reduction in stops

CONCLUSION:
Nowadays, a very advanced system such as plc,automachine we control the traffic in remote areas(future scope-our idea). But in India we still lagging by using the timer. If we use the plc ideas by calculating the densities in which side and allowing them to go and viceversa. Sensor to be placed between the traffic lights and densities should be calculated in such a way. So we conclude here that to save the fuel energy, less pollution, reduction in accidents by implementing the traffic signals using Programmable Logic Controller.

References:

 FHWA Operations web site: http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov  Traffic Signal Operation Self Assessment: www.ite.org/selfassessment  MARC Operation Green Light: www.marc.org/transportation/ogl/  ACS Lite Software: raj.ghaman@fhwa.dot.gov  PennDOT: http://www.paits.org/tsop/index.htm  SPC: http://www.spcregion.org/trans.shtml