PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY CERTIFIED (PTT) REV. DATE NO.

D1 18-Feb-08 D2 21-Jul-08

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PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED ONSHORE COMPRESSOR STATION 4 PROJECT

NA REVISED BY APPROVED BY NA NA DESCRIPTION ISSUED FOR INTERNAL REVIEW REVISIO ISSUED FOR ITB

SPECIFICATION FOR DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION

SPC 0804.02-40.11 REV.D2
TOTAL 11 PAGES

AREA CODE OF SITE LOCATION GENERAL AREA: 010 PTT PLC. CONTRACT NO.

. PTT PLC. PROJECT NO. 0804.02

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION

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CONTENTS SECTION 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 SCOPE .......................................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS................................................................................. 3 REFERENCES ................................................................................ 3 MACHINERY DEFINITIONS.............................................................. 3 DESIGN OF ALL MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS ................................... 4 DESIGN OF RECIPROCATING MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS................. 7 DESIGN OF ROTATING MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS ......................... 8 SOILS DATA ............................................................................... 10 ANTI-VIBRATION MOUNTINGS ..................................................... 11 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS................................................ 11

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 1.0 SCOPE

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This Standard specifies the basis for the design of foundations and structures supporting reciprocating and rotating machinery to be used in the design foundations. 2.0 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this standard the definitions as defined in Section I of the PROJECT SPECIFICATION apply. 3.0 REFERENCES Foundations and structures supporting machinery shall be designed in accordance with the latest available revision of the following Standards, Codes of Practices and Statutory Legislation. 3.1 Engineering Standards SPC 0804.02-40.09 SPC 0804.02-40.07 3.2 Design of Concrete Foundations, Structures and Paving Structural Steelwork Design

National/International Standards BS CP 2012 : Part 1 DIN 4024 Code of Practice for Foundations for Machinery Foundations for Reciprocating Machines Supporting Structures for Rotary Machines

4.0 4.1

MACHINERY DEFINITIONS Reciprocating Machinery Machinery with reciprocating masses as major moving parts shall be supported as close to grade elevation as possible directly on a rigid block.

4.2

Rotating Machinery Machinery with rotating masses as major moving parts shall be supported on a rigid block or on an elevated structure.

4.3

Foundation Grouping For the purpose of this Standard, machine foundations shall be grouped as shown in Table 1.

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION

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MACHINE DYNAMIC FOUNDATION WEIGHT ANALYSIS GROUP TYPE MACHINE TYPE (KG) RECOMMEND A Rigid Block Reciprocating <2500 No B Rigid Block Reciprocating 2500 Yes C Rigid Block Rotating --See Note 1 D Elevated Struct. Rotating <2500 See Note 2 E Elevated Struct. Rotating 2500 Yes NOTE 1: The analysis performed for rotating machinery supported on a rigid block foundation shall take into consideration the operating speed of the machine and the loading imposed by the machine on the foundation. NOTE 2: The analysis performed for rotating machinery weighing less than 2500kg and supported on an elevated structure, shall take into consideration the nature of the supporting structure, the location and speed of the machine, and the loading imposed by the machine on the structure. TABLE 1 FOUNDATION GROUPING Where reciprocating and rotating machines are fixed to a common foundation the loads shall be determined from the relevant sections of this Standard for each machine and the foundation designed for the reciprocating machine. 5.0 DESIGN OF ALL MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS Reciprocating or rotating machinery foundations shall be designed in accordance with the following: 5.1 Health and Safety Designs shall comply with all relevant National/International Health and Safety Regulations imposed on engineers, suppliers, manufacturers and importers. 5.2 Shape of Foundation Clean, simple outlines shall be used for foundations. Beams and columns shall be of a uniform rectangular shape. Block foundations should be rectangular.

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 5.3 Pockets

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Pockets where vapour could accumulate shall be avoided. 5.4 Elevation The elevation of the machine support above grade shall be the minimum to accommodate suction and discharge piping arrangements, oil drainage requirements or, when condensing turbines are used, by the condenser dimensions and the condensate pump. 5.5 Adjacent Structures All parts of the foundation and superstructure shall be kept independent of adjacent foundations, structures and buildings. Concrete floor slabs adjacent to the machinery foundation shall be isolated from the foundation by a suitable isolation/expansion joint as defined in SPC 0804.02-40.09. 5.6 Thickness of Foundation Thickness of the rigid block or foundation base slab for machinery shall not be less than: Where L (in metres) is the greater of the length or breadth 0.60 + L 30 Where two or more machines are on a common foundation, L shall be the greater of: a) the breadth of the common foundation, or b) the length of the longest segment assigned to any one machine. 5.7 Fatigue To prevent fatigue failures, all sections shall be proportioned to resist the sum of the static dead and live loads, plus an equivalent static force equal to three times the dynamic force determined from analysis. 5.8 Shrinkage and Thermal Expansion The effects of shrinkage and thermal expansion shall be taken into account to prevent cracking. The minimum quantity of reinforcement in concrete shall be 50 kg/m3, except for base slabs and rigid blocks which shall contain at least 30 kg/m.

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 5.9

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Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete shall be based on the specified 28-day strength test results (standard cube or standard cylinder strength).

5.10

Soil Bearing Pressure For spread foundations, soil-bearing pressures under static conditions shall not exceed 50% of the net allowable bearing capacity. For piled foundations no reduction in the allowable pile capacity is required. Earthquake loading shall be included.

5.11

Static Design Static design shall include the weight of the machinery, auxiliary equipment, piping and pipe thrusts, vacuum forces (in the case of condensing operations). Other applied loads shall include the following: -

5.11.1

Vertical Impact Vertical impact of 50% of the dead weight of the machine and base plate.

5.11.2

Lateral Force A lateral force of 25% of the weight of each machine including its base plate applied normal to its shaft at a point midway between its end supports.

5.11.3

Longitudinal Force A longitudinal force of 25% of the weight of each machine and its base plate applied along the shaft axis.

5.11.4

Combined Lateral and Longitudinal Forces Lateral and longitudinal forces shall not be considered to act concurrently.

5.12

Damping Where natural frequencies fall within the range 0.7 to 1.3 x operating speeds analysis shall include for the contribution of damping. In the absence of more specific information, values of 10% for concrete and 15% piles may be employed.

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 6.0

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DESIGN OF RECIPROCATING MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS Foundations for all reciprocating machinery shall be designed in accordance with the following: -

6.1

Common Foundations Where two or more reciprocating machines are located adjacent to each other they may be anchored to a common foundation when the net result is reduced amplitudes.

6.2

Pulsation Bottles Pulsation bottles shall have their supports integral with the compressor foundation.

6.3

Eccentricities The foundation shall be designed so that the horizontal eccentricity, in either direction, between the centroid of mass of the machine foundation system and the centroid of the base contact area or pile group, shall not exceed 5% of the respective base dimension. The centroid of mass of the machine/foundation shall, whenever possible, lie below the top of the foundation block.

6.4

Unbalanced Forces and Moments Design shall include for unbalanced forces and moments. This shall include unbalanced moments obtained by multiplying the unbalanced forces by their eccentricities.

6.5

Group A Reciprocating Machinery Foundations Group A reciprocating machinery foundations are defined as rigid block foundations for reciprocating machinery weighing less than 2500 kg. Such foundations are not subject to dynamic analysis but the weight of foundation shall be at least five times the total weight of machinery including base plate.

6.6

Group B - Reciprocating Machinery Foundations Group B reciprocating machinery foundations are defined as foundations for machinery weighing 2500kg or more. Such foundation shall be subject to dynamic analysis as follows: -

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 6.6.1 Design Codes

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A dynamic analysis including the calculation of natural frequencies and amplitudes shall be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of British Standard BSCP 2012: Part 1 or equivalent. In case of conflicts between Code of Practice and this Standard, precedence shall be given to this Standard. 6.6.2 Primary Forces Primary forces, couples and moments shall be applied at the machine speed, over the full range of specified operating speeds, for the calculation of primary amplitudes. 6.6.3 Secondary Forces Secondary forces, couples and moments shall be applied at twice the machine speed, over the full range of specified operating speeds, for the calculation of secondary amplitudes. 6.6.4 Amplitudes Total amplitudes shall be calculated by combining, in phase, primary and secondary amplitudes. Maximum permissible single amplitudes shall be in accordance with the recommendations of British Standard BSCP 2012: Part 1 or equivalent. 7.0 DESIGN OF ROTATING MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS Foundations for all rotating machinery shall be designed in accordance with the following: 7.1 7.1.1 General Dynamic Forces Amplitudes shall be determined using dynamic forces from each rotor, calculated as follows in the absence of more accurate information: Dynamic force (kg) = (rotor weight, kg) x (rotor speed, r.p.m.) 6000 With more than one rotor, amplitudes shall be computed with the rotor forces assumed in phase and 180o out of phase to obtain, respectively, the maximum translational and torsional amplitudes.

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 7.1.2 Amplitudes

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Permissible amplitudes shall not exceed machine manufacturer's requirements or the following whichever is more stringent: The amplitude which causes the effective velocity of vibration to exceed: a) 1.8mm/sec at the machine bearings b) 2.3mm/sec at any point on the foundation 7.2 Group C Rotating Machinery Foundation Group C rotating equipment foundations are defined as rigid block foundations to which dynamic analysis shall be carried (Refer Note Table 1) except where the weight of foundation shall be at least three times the total weight of machinery including base plate. Where dynamic analysis is required then a rigid block foundation shall be designed in accordance with the approach identified in Section 5.6 of this Standard. 7.3 Group D Rotating Machinery Foundation Group D rotating equipment foundation are defined as elevated structure foundation for rotating equipment weighing less than 2,500kg. Where dynamic analysis is required by table 1 then such design shall be in accordance with Section 6.4 of this Standard. 7.4 Group E Rotating Machinery Foundations Group E rotating equipment foundations are defined as elevated structure foundations for rotating equipment weighing 2,500kg or more. Such foundations shall be subject to dynamic analysis as follows: 7.4.1 Design Elevated structures supporting rotating machinery shall generally be designed in accordance with German Standard DIN 4024 An alternative standard may be used subject to PTT/CONSULTANT approval. Analysis may be by 3 dimensional finite element methods. Short circuit couplers, vacuum tension, oil whirl frequency, rotor critical speeds and background vibration shall be considered.

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION 7.4.2 Machine Shafts

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Machine shaft bearings shall, whenever possible be located directly over transverse supports. 7.4.3 Beams and Slabs Beams and slabs shall not be of excessive span and corner rigidity shall be taken into account. 7.4.4 Rigidity The upper table and foundation base slab shall be rigid in the horizontal plane. 7.4.5 Weight of Foundation Base Slab The foundation base slab shall not weigh less than the combined supported weight of the upper table, columns, walls and machines (including base plates). 7.5 Differential Temperature In the absence of more exact information for reinforced concrete a temperature increase of 20C shall be assumed for uniform heating of the tabletop compared with the base slab. For shrinkage of the tabletop, a temperature drop of 10C compared with the base slab shall be assumed. Local temperature gradients across structural members shall be taken into account. 7.6 Minimum Applied Loading Structural members not subject to external loading shall be designed for a static equivalent force equal to 50% of their dead load vertically or horizontally, provided setting up loads do not govern. 8.0 8.1 SOILS DATA Soil Bearing Foundations The following soils information should be available for soil bearing foundations: E Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of the soil Poissons Ratio

DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS SPECIFICATION Cu C soil CT C -

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The coefficient of elastic uniform compression of the soil The coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression of the The coefficient of elastic uniform shear The coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear

When values for C, CT and C are not available the following assumptions shall be made: C CT C 8.2 2 Cu 0.5 Cu 0.75 Cu

Piled Foundations The following information shall be available for piled foundations: The horizontal and vertical dynamic stiffness of a single pile The horizontal and vertical dynamic stiffness of pile groups An assessment of soil mass participation

9.0

ANTI-VIBRATION MOUNTINGS When it is considered that an acceptable design cannot be achieved with a foundation consisting of a soil-bearing block then consideration shall be given to improving the dynamic characteristics by introducing anti-vibration mountings.

10.0

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Considerations shall be given to the effect of noise and vibration generated by the machine/foundation system on both people in the vicinity and any nearby sensitive equipment to which reference shall be made to the Health and Safety Regulations.