Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames: DR Suwito

4.
Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Dr Suwito
King Saud University
December 2009
Dr Suwito (King Saud University)
GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames
12/09
1 / 28
Introduction
An engineering structure is any connected system of members built to support or transfer forces and to safely withstand the loads applied to it. Two types of engineering structures, plane truss and frame, will be discussed in this lesson. To determine the forces internal to an engineering structure, we must dismember the structure and analyze separate free-body diagrams of individual members or combinations of members. In this statics class, only statically determinate structures, which do not have more supporting constraints than are necessary to maintain an equilibrium conguration, will be considered. The analysis of trusses and frames under concentrated loads constitutes a straightforward application of the material developed in the previous two topics, force systems and equilibrium.
12/09
2 / 28
Examples of Truss Structures
12/09
3 / 28
Plane Trusses
Truss structure consisting of two-force members (represented as pin connected) designed to support loads large in comparison to its weight and applied at joints connecting members Simple trusses build on triangles simplest stable geometric shape add two members and one joint at a time Plane Trusses: all members lie in a single plane forces parallel to plane of truss, but not in the plane can be transmitted via non-coplanar load bearing members
12/09
4 / 28
Techniques for Truss Analysis

Method of joints usually used to determine forces for all members of truss Method of sections usually used to determine forces for specic members of truss Determining Zero-force members members which do not contribute to the stability of a structure Determining conditions for analysis is the system statically determinate?
12/09
5 / 28
Method of Joints
Do FBDs of the joints Forces are concurrent at each joint ) no moments, just Fx = 0 Fy = 0 Procedure: 1. Choose joint with
at least one known force at most two unknown forces
2. Draw FBD of the joint

draw just the point itself draw all known forces at the point assume all unknown forces are tension forces and draw
positive results ) tension negative results ) compression
Dr Suwito (King Saud University) GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames 12/09 6 / 28
Method of Joints (cont.)

3. Solve for unknown forces by applying equilibrium conditions in x and y directions: Fx = 0 Fy = 0 4. Note: if the force on a member is known at one end, it is also known at the other (since all forces are concurrent and all members are two-force members) 5. Move to new joints and repeat steps 1-3 until all member forces are known
12/09
7 / 28
Sample Problem 4.1

Compute the force in each member of the loaded cantilever truss by the method of joints. Solution.
12/09
8 / 28
Sample Problem 4.1 (conti.)
12/09
9 / 28
Method of Sections
Do FBDs of sections of truss cut through various members Procedure: 1. Determine reaction forces external to truss system
Draw FBD of entire truss Note: can nd up to 3 unknown reaction forces Use Fx = 0 Fy = 0 M = 0 to solve for the reaction forces
2. Draw a section through the truss cutting no more than 3 members 3. Draw an FBD of each section one on each side of the cut
Show external support reaction forces Assume unknown cut members have tension forces extending from them
12/09
10 / 28
Method of Sections (cont.)

4. Solve FBD for one section at a time using : Fx = 0 Fy = 0 M = 0
Note: choose pt for moments that isolates one unknown if possible
5. Repeat with as many sections as necessary to nd required unknowns
12/09
11 / 28
Sample Problem 4.2

Calculate the forces induced in members KL, CL, and CB by the 20-ton load on the cantilever truss. Solution.
12/09
12 / 28
Sample Problem 4.3

Calculate the force in member DJ of the Howe roof truss illustrated. Neglect any horizontal components of force at the supports. Solution.
12/09
13 / 28
Sample Problem 4.3 (cont.)
12/09
14 / 28
Zero Force Members

Usually determined by inspection Method of Inspection: 1. Two-member truss joints: both are zero-force members if (a) and (b) are true
(a) no external load applied at joint (b) no support reaction occurring at joint
2. Three-member truss joints: non-colinear member is zero-force member if (a), (b), and (c) are true
(a) no external load applied at joint (b) no support reaction occurring at joint (c) other two members are colinear
12/09
15 / 28
Sample Problem 4.4

Identify all zero-force members for the truss structure below.
12/09
16 / 28
Sample Problem 4.5

12/09
17 / 28
Sample Problem 4.6

12/09
18 / 28
Is the system statically determinate?

Count number of two-force members, m Count number of joints, j 1. Internally stable without redundancy (statically determinate) m = 2j 3 2. Internally stable with redundancy (zero-force members? Statically indeterminate?) m > 2j 3
1
Internally unstable (underconstrained)
m < 2j
12/09
19 / 28
Sample Problem 4.7
12/09
20 / 28
Plane Frames
Frame a structure in which at least one of its individual members is a multiforce member. Plane Frames all members and forces lie in a single plane with all moments perpendicular to that plane If the frame can be solved by using the equations of statics (the equilibrium equations) alone, it is called a statically determinate frame. If the frames contain more members or supports that are necessary to prevent collapse, then, as in the case of trusess, the problem is statically indeterminate, and the principles of equilibrium, although necessary, are not su cient for solution.
12/09
21 / 28
Examples of Frame Structures
12/09
22 / 28
Types of Frames
12/09
23 / 28
Force Representation and FBDs
12/09
24 / 28
Sample Problem 4/5
12/09
25 / 28
Sample Problem 4/5 (cont.)
12/09
26 / 28
Sample Problem 4/6
12/09
27 / 28
Sample Problem 4/6 (cont.)
12/09
28 / 28

Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames: DR Suwito

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames: DR Suwito

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

4.

Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Examples of Truss Structures

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Techniques for Truss Analysis

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

2. Draw FBD of the joint

Method of Joints (cont.)

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.1

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.1 (conti.)

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Method of Sections (cont.)

5. Repeat with as many sections as necessary to nd required unknowns

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.2

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.3

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.3 (cont.)

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Zero Force Members

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.4

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.5

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.6

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Is the system statically determinate?

Internally unstable (underconstrained)

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Sample Problem 4.7

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)

GE201 Analysis of Plane Trusses and Frames

Examples of Frame Structures

Dr Suwito (King Saud University)