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All Party Group on International Development International Development Strategy for Northern Ireland

CADA & NI-CO December 2010

Introduction Earlier in 2010, CADA commissioned a piece of research, which amongst other things, examined the main areas of work and focus of 21 CADA members and the main areas of commonality between those members, in relation to countries, projects and areas of work.1 The report also addressed the areas of its members work which correlate to the NI Assembly motion on 1st April 20082 (Appendix 4) and the links of their members work with the DFID White Paper Building our Common Future.3 A further piece of work was carried out, scoping the work of DFID and Irish Aid, assessing the commonalities with CADAs priority countries and themes. It became clear from the research that the CADA linked overseas projects are commonly concerned with working towards poverty reduction and the promotion of quality of life. A number of elements were taken into consideration before a partner country for the international development strategy was made, including an examination of the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the International Development strategies of the other two devolved regions. In order to develop a good partnership model, which would be necessary to enable the international standards on aid and development effectiveness to be met,4 it was considered vital that any country chosen as the focus for Northern Irelands International Development strategy should already have some substantial links to more than one international NGO working out of Northern Ireland. From the data provided by CADA members, it was discovered that the majority of projects and partners are in Africa, followed by Asia, then the Americas and Europe respectively. The research further showed that the countries in Africa in which CADA members have a particular presence include the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Malawi and Uganda. When this research was aligned to the information derived from the scoping exercise undertaken by DFID and Irish Aid, the countries held in common with DFID and Irish Aid were Uganda and Malawi.5
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Dare 2 Stretch Report. 31/3/2010 http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports2007/080401.htm 3 http://www.dfid.gov.uk/documents/whitepaper/building-our-common-future-print.pdf

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The Paris Declaration and Accra Agenda for Action http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html#AA A 5 Powerpoint presentation to Assembly All Party Group on Int Development on 22 June 2010

Having carefully considered these two options, it was felt that as Scotland was linked to Malawi, Uganda appeared to be emerging as a likely partner country. When CADA went on to examine the extent of partner involvement and activity levels in Uganda, as well as the perceived gaps in development plans, it was felt that Uganda met the criteria as it was a country with substantial links to many CADA members and a long history of partnership working. Like Northern Ireland, there have been problems with sectarianism for many centuries (the 4 main tribal groups have had long standing and often bloody conflicts). Like Northern Ireland, Uganda has just emerged from a long period of conflict and is beginning to develop a new identity for itself on the world stage. Like Northern Ireland, young people and those living on the margins have been disproportionately affected by the conflict and many have been caught up in para-militarism (Lords Resistance Army). Like Northern Ireland, Uganda has a high percentage of young people with 50% of the country being under 14. It has, in fact, the second highest birth rate in the world. Like Northern Ireland, there is a high level of agricultural employment and activity.

In further discussions with CADA members, it was decided that to make the maximum possible sustainable impact, the strategy should concentrate on a region within Uganda, rather than attempt to cover the whole country. The area chosen was the North East. This area, which comprises Teso (population of about 1.5m people, which includes Katakwi, Amuria, Soroti, Bukedea, Kumi and Kameramaido regions) and Karamoja (population of about 1m people,) was chosen as it has many parallels with Northern Ireland. Teso and Karamoja are two districts which sit geographically in the NE corner of a larger country. They are remote from the capital and for a number of reasons, they are, perhaps, the most disadvantaged and under-developed regions of Uganda. They have high numbers of people affected by the recent internal conflict, with many having been involved personally in the violence. A disproportionate number are young people. In considering the areas of overlap between CADA-related programmes and those supported by DFID and Irish Aid, it emerged that Livelihood, Security/Rural Development, Health and Education, were held in common.6

Powerpoint presentation to Assembly All Party Group on Int Development on 22 June 2010

Development values and methodology The area of international development has changed dramatically over the past two decades and has taken on a particular focus since the publication and adoption of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.7 Any development strategy which is agreed by the Assembly must be seen to be contributing to meeting these 8 Goals. In brief, they aim to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality by two thirds for children under five; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; develop a global partnership for development.

It is believed that achieving these goals would lift at least 500 million people out of poverty. In addition the programme designed should be compliant with worldwide best practice for aid effectiveness as laid down in the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for Action ,8 to which Ireland and the UK are signatories. This means that all support and interventions should be aligned with the following principles. Ownership - Developing countries set their own strategies for poverty reduction, improve their institutions and tackle corruption. Alignment - Donor countries align behind these objectives and use local systems. Harmonisation - Donor countries coordinate, simplify procedures and share information to avoid duplication. Results - Developing countries and donors shift focus to development results and results get measured. Mutual Accountability - Donors and partners are accountable for development results.

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http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html

Predictability donors will provide 3-5 year forward information on their planned aid to partner countries. Country systems partner country systems will be used to deliver aid as the first option, rather than donor systems. Conditionality donors will switch from reliance on prescriptive conditions about how and when aid money is spent to conditions based on the developing countrys own development objectives. Untying donors will relax restrictions that prevent developing countries from buying the goods and services they need from whomever and wherever they can get the best quality at the lowest price. The support would be focused in four clear themes (Health, Education, and Livelihood Security/Rural Development) and would aim to deliver clear development outcomes9 and development results10 over a period of time. Any work undertaken will be in harmony with the National Development Plan11 which is the Ugandan governments overall development framework, which was approved in 2010 and runs until 2014/2015. The thrust of the programme focuses on wealth creation and is entitled Growth, Employment and Prosperity for Socio-Economic Transformation and supports the need for self sufficiency which our regional strategy would seek to promote. Possible Key Principles This strategy will be based on the following principles: o building strong and effective partnerships between N Ireland and NE Uganda by facilitating the transfer and exchange of knowledge, skills and expertise between the two regions; o ensuring that all actions undertaken are beneficial to both regions; o ensuring that all actions in NE Uganda, correlate with the Ugandan Governments development plans12: o ensuring that sustainable development13 is at the centre of all actions undertaken; o complementing sustainable international development policy of the two governments (UK and Ireland) and the work of the major agencies;
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http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/53/42447575.pdf 11 http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdf accessed 21/12/10 12 http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdf accessed 21/12/10 13 http://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/international/index.htm

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o reflecting the strengths and connections of the people and communities of N Ireland in international sustainable development; o assisting in the delivery of the Millennium Development Goals.

Summary of DFID collaboration with Irish Aid in Uganda

Irish Aid and DFID are both members of the group of 11 budget support donors in Uganda, which support the Government of Uganda (GoU) in its own effort to reduce poverty, by putting money into the governments budget. The other nine development partners are the EC, WB, and Governments of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany (KfW), Norway, Netherlands, and Sweden. The Joint Budget Support development partners, as this group of 11 is known, work together to monitor government performance across four sectors (health, education, water/sanitation and roads) using a Joint Assessment Framework. And it is on the basis of annual performance that individual disbursement decisions are made. DFID is not directly involved in N/E Uganda in the health and education sectors directly. Our intervention in the health and education sectors is made through our General Budget Support which covers the whole country. DFID does not earmark its General Budget Support by sectors, but rather we attribute spending on the basis of GoU allocations. In 2010/11, the share of the GoU budget allocated to the health and education sectors was 8.8% and 15.8% respectively. DFID and Irish Aid are supporting the Government of Uganda (GoU) through the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development with a 40m (DFID- 33m and Irish Aid 7m) grant over 5 years to support its Expanding Social Protection Programme. The key objectives of the programme are to develop a national social protection system which will improve governments funding and coordination on social protection programmes. It will also pilot a cash transfer programme that will also provide monthly cash grants to poor Ugandans which will improve household incomes, education and health among the poorest Ugandans. It is believed that this will help break the generational cycle of chronic poverty. The cash grants of UGX(Shillings) 22,000 (USD 10) per month will go to 95,000 households, reaching 600,000 people, in 14 of the poorest districts in Uganda. Two of the pilot districts (Moroto and Nakapiripirit) are in Karamoja and it is these districts that Irish Aid will fund, Karamoja being a key geographic focus for Irish Aid. Irish Aid is one of the 6 development partners working together on the Deepening Democracy Programme (the total programme budget is 12m - DFID contributes 6m and Irish Aid 900,000 Euros). The goal of the programme is to contribute to improved democratic governance in Uganda. Its purpose is to increase informed, active, 9

pluralistic participation of Ugandas citizens in the political process. It also aims to build the capacity of Ugandan institutions critical to promoting public participation and to holding the state accountable to citizens needs and concerns. To accomplish these goals, the programme supports a set of inter-related strategic actions carried out by state and non-state actors, ranging from Parliament and the Electoral Commission to political parties, civil society organizations and the media. The Deepening Democracy Programme five strategic objectives are enhancing the integrity of elections; institutionalising an effective multi-party political system; strengthening parliamentary autonomy and oversight; encouraging more active and participatory civic engagement; and strengthening a free media to promote accountability. DFID has recently provided 800,000 in support to the Uganda Police Force (UPF) as part of the joint Anglo/Irish programme of assistance aimed at strengthening the UPFs capacity in public order management and community policing in the run up to the 2011 elections in Uganda. Irish Aids contribution is 830,000. DFID has a delegated cooperation agreement such that Irish Aid leads on this programme. Irish Aid and DFID have recently agreed (October 2010) to co-fund an International Alert project aimed at generating higher levels of trust and accountability concerning oil between government/oil companies and Ugandan citizens, as well as between different communities. The project outputs include: 1) significantly improved information flow concerning oil in Uganda; 2) strong and informed networks of civil society and parliament able to hold both government and oil companies accountable regarding oil activity and mitigate conflict risks; 3) internalisation of conflict-sensitive business practices by oil companies operating in Uganda; 4) established channels of cross-border exchange and solidarity about oil among DRC and Ugandan stakeholders. Irish Aid and DFID are also members of a group of development partners working together on the design of the Democratic Governance Facility Programme, scheduled to start in June 2011. DFID is the chair of the Democratic Governance Facility Planning Group and Irish Aid have been active participants in contributing to the design of Pillar 3 of the programme on voice and accountability. Pillar 3 will be to support to Civil Society organisations by 1) providing core funding to a nucleus of credible anti-corruption CSOs able to undertake high level analysis and advocacy that leverages local monitoring and institutional change, and operational support to selected District Networks to strengthen engagement platforms with Local Governments; 2) supporting civil society

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organisation demand-side interventions related to oil revenue and environmental management and conflict sensitive business practice, through public access to information, involvement in policy debates and development of legal frameworks, local level monitoring and conflict mitigation; 3) supporting CSO monitoring of the Government of Ugandas Northern Uganda Peace Reconciliation and Development Plan (PRDP) (specifically Acholi and Karamoja regions) emphasising procurement and capital works, adherence to and gender sensitivity of the PRDP results framework, and accountability of land administration institutions. This will be a four year programme with DFID providing 5m, Irish Aid 1.3m and Denmark 2.2m. Under the HIV/AIDS programme, the UK and Irish Aid work closely together, and again, they are both in a group of development partners contributing to the HIV/AIDS Civil Society Fund which provides funding to civil society organisations for the provision of prevention, care, treatment, and support services in HIV/AIDS and OVC. DFID also has a silent partnership with Irish Aid for supporting UN agencies through the Joint UNAIDS programme - this support was very catalytic in bringing the UN agencies together and establishing streamlined systems as a way of delivering HIV services as defined in UNDAF. DFID in Karamoja The UK has provided 25.7 million over the last three years to support World Food Programmes emergency operation in Karamoja region, which is targeted at providing food aid to over 1.2 million people affected by drought. Whilst Karamoja needs continuing humanitarian support, what is critically needed is a Government of Uganda led concerted long-term development effort to address underlying vulnerabilities. In relation to the above, DFID is supporting a Government of Uganda led and World Bank funded programme, Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF II) which provides an opportunity to address in a more integrated way some of the issues in northern Uganda and Karamoja. DFID is contributing 24m to this programme. DFID plans to contribute funds through WFP to work through the local governments to deliver the livelihood investment support component of NUSAF II in Karamoja.

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 DFID in the interim will keep monitoring the food security situation in Karamoja region and will continue to provide financial assistance to sustain any short-term humanitarian response which might become necessary.

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Summary of Irish Aid work in Uganda Uganda is one of the nine priority countries where Irish Aid is committed to delivering long term strategic assistance. In 2010, the Irish Aid budget for Uganda was 33 million. The goal of the current Irish Aid Country Strategy Paper for Uganda, which covers the period 2010-2014, is to reduce chronic poverty and vulnerability in line with the Ugandan National Development Plan. This renewed focus on the chronically poor sees Irish Aid target its support at the most impoverished region of the country, Karamoja in Northern Uganda. This region presents a unique problem in terms of poverty, with 70% of the people living below the poverty line, compared to 31% nationally. The Strategy provides support at national level through assistance for education and HIV and AIDS, with governance also a central element of Irelands support. Education is central to reducing poverty, and Irish Aids support to the education sector contributed to a 9% increase in total primary school enrolment from 7.5 million pupils in 2008 to 8.2 million in 2009. In Karamoja, Irish Aid supports a Post Primary Education and Training Programme which includes construction of classrooms, laboratories, libraries, latrines and water points in 13 institutions. Irish Aid is also helping to improve the participation of vulnerable children in post-primary education in Karamoja through a bursary scheme that covers the cost of school fees, boarding and textbooks. A total of 720 students are benefiting from the scheme and 65% of the bursaries are allocated to girls. A second priority for Irish Aid is HIV and AIDS. Support for HIV and AIDS prevention and control activities in Uganda has provided assistance to over 41,000 orphans and vulnerable children, the provision of counselling and testing for over 150,000 people and assistance to over 2,300 pregnant women in prevention of mother to child transmission. A new and important area for Irish Aid is social protection, which offers poor households the potential, over the long term, to escape from chronic poverty. A pilot programme has been designed jointly between the Government of Uganda, Irish Aid and the UK Department for International Development that involves cash transfers to very poor

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households in eight districts of Uganda. Irish Aids support will target 16,500 poor households in Karamoja. Strengthening governance is a major aspect of Irish Aids work in Uganda. This is achieved through a combination of political dialogue with the Government and leadership of Uganda and targeted assistance for programmes aimed at promoting democracy, the rule of law and the fight against corruption. Access to justice remains a major challenge in Uganda, especially for the poor. With the support of Irish Aid, legal aid was provided to 5,911 poor and disadvantaged Ugandans. Another major challenge is the overcrowded prison system. Irish Aid support to a legal advisory service helped to reduce overcrowding in the prisons by securing the release of 24,000 prisoners, either on bail or through community service orders.

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What the region could bring to the table in the area of International Development Whilst the main responsibility for international development within the United Kingdom lies with the UK Department for International Development (DfID), Northern Ireland remains the only devolved region without a specific response to contributing to international development. Northern Ireland has had a long history of working in partnership overseas, in particular in Africa. From early faith based links, through mission agencies and churches, this co-working now embraces aid and humanitarian work, public sector support (Ni-Co), private sector trade links, through to individual community to community projects. There are a number of ways in which Northern Ireland has contributed and can continue to do so in overseas development, as well as receiving from that partnership. Giving Context: The world is not on target to meet the MDG goals. Whilst progress is being made in many areas, the targets for Sub Saharan Africa, in particular, are unlikely to be met. The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to undermine any progress that is made and Africa remains the only continent not on track to meet any of the MDGs by 2015. 1. As a society emerging from conflict, Northern Ireland is in the position to share learning from its own experiences. 2. As a society which has been the beneficiary of overseas support during the past four decades, there is a moral imperative to share with others in greater need. 3. As a society with extensive links to Uganda through the CADA membership and beyond, Northern Ireland can build on those links and partnerships and through this can contribute positively towards the fulfilment of the MDGs. 4. Northern Ireland has a history of volunteering and giving, a substantial element of which has been overseas. CADA members raised collectively in the region of 23 million from the NI public in 2009. This background, added to the overseas development experience, is a huge hidden resource. 5. In addition to the traditional development work carried out by the NGOs, there is the potential to co-ordinate the development of internships, mentoring programmes, placements, job exchanges, school to school and community to community links.

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Receiving Context: This work starts to build the foundations in helping NI society to be more outward and forward looking by promoting the region positively in international settings such as NE Uganda. In this context there is huge potential for accruing benefit from this partnership as well. 1. Enhance mutually beneficial trade links between Northern Ireland and developing countries. 2. Further collaborative work between NI and Ugandan academical institutions. 3. An enhanced understanding of global interdependence. 4. Helping to tackle world poverty and providing assistance when there is major disaster or emergency, is part of being a good international citizen in the global community. Support for international sustainable development has many benefits for the people of this region in Ireland. 5. Northern Ireland will be able to join with the other Regional Assemblies in Scotland and Wales in developing a sustainable international strategy and supporting the eradication of poverty and playing a small but important part in achieving the 2015 MDGs. 6. Begin to increase greater awareness of benefits and importance of sustainable development through NI society leading to possible greater knowledge, interest, skills and appreciation of international development throughout the whole of NI. 7. Making Northern Ireland an example of Fairtrade and ethical procurement by promoting best practice in Fairtrade and ethical procurement across the public sector.

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Possible methodology The Assembly, through its interventions, would seek to: o Carry out a scoping exercise of the current international development support in N E Uganda, through CADA membership, to find the gaps in provision in the areas of Livlihood Security/Rural Development, Health and Education. o Establish a long term, international development strategy based around those key themes. As Health and Education interventions require communities to have a basic level of Livlihood security to be able to be sustained, the strategy should be prioritised on Livlihood security/Rural development. Where appropriate levels of Livlihood security exists, health and education initiatives could be supported. o Complement and work within existing Ugandan Government poverty reduction strategies, (the Uganda National Development Plan14 and the Peace, Recovery and Development Plan for Northern Uganda)15 and where possible, work through existing in country partners. o Consider whether conflict resolution work should be an additional theme, given the past of both regions. o Develop, establish and maintain a strategy which would facilitate the provision of technical assistance (with the possible addition of a small grants scheme), based on the key themes, which would offer support to agencies and groups which aim to work with partners in NE Uganda, to further the aims and objectives of the Development Strategy. o Encourage public and private sector placements and partnerships which contribute to the delivery of this strategy. o Build the capacity of Northern Irish International Development NGOs currently engaged in the region and to aid the coordination of the regions support as a whole, in order to strengthen impact on MDG delivery in NE Uganda. o To facilitate, as appropriate, the entry of new Northern Irish, international NGOs into the region, where value added outcomes and impact is delivered. o Promote and encourage international sustainable development support and volunteering to the Northern Irish public. o Promote and encourage a greater understanding of Global Development and global interconnections among the NI public.
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http://www.finance.go.ug/docs/NDP_April_2010-Prot.pdf accessed 7/11/2010 http://www.internaldisplacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/ (httpDocuments)/F9933A32534907A8C12573B700779C11/$file/PRDP+Sep+2007.pdf accessed 7/11/2010

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o Bring benefit to grass roots projects in the poorest regions, which deliver sustainable and tangible outcomes.

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Rationale: The Ugandan Context a) Assistance Budget Uganda receives almost $1.8 billion per annum in international development assistance and was the largest recipient of Irish Aid development assistance during the period 2000-9, with over 118m of support being given with a focus on Education, Poverty reduction and HIV/Aids work (80% through government interventions). DFID bi-lateral aid amounts to 71m, with 15% spent on Social Services, 14% spent on Health, and 13% on Education. Of its 94 programmes, about 1/3rd are in the themed areas. The UK government is currently carrying out a review of its bi-lateral aid programme. As a part of ongoing European support, the Government of Uganda and the European Union signed a budget support agreement for 175 million over six years (2008/09 to 2013/14) in May 2009.16 This includes support for micro-finance and health related programmes, including Improving Sexual and Reproductive Health in N Uganda.17 In addition, in October this year, Uganda received another $100m from the World Bank in budget support to sustain its economic performance and poverty reduction programmes.18 Uganda joined the World Bank Group in 1963 with a credit from the World Bank's and since then, the Bank has made available more than US$6.6 billion in financing: over US $6.0 billion in loans and credits and over US $600 million in grants. The Bank has already committed US$1.2 billion to finance various programs and projects between 2009 and 2011. Currently (September 2010), the portfolio comprises 22 active projects with commitments of approximately US$1.6billion in all major sectors.19 All Aid is co-ordinated through the Ugandan Joint Assistance Strategy20. Its purpose is to; Support implementation of the country-owned and led revised NDP21 to achieve the MDGs; Collaborate more effectively, both among development partners and with the government; Focus on results and outcomes (including managing resources and improving decision-making for results, and strengthening systems for monitoring and evaluation).

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EU press release 12 August 2010. http://www.deluga.ec.europa.eu/en/programmes/index.htm accessed 2/11/2010 18 http://www.newvision.co.ug/detail.php?newsCategoryId=220&newsId=734001 accessed 2/11/2010 19 http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0,,m enuPK:374871~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:374864,00.html accessed 3/11/2010 20 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/43/36187310.pdf accessed 2/11/2010 21 http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdf accessed 22/12/10

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There is now, in addition, a joint budget support framework in place, through which financial support is monitored and coordinated. 22 Only the US sits outside this framework. b) Areas of focus The four themes on which this strategy is based are derived from three main contexts, the work of CADA members, the focus of DFID and Irish Aid and the Ugandan governments own priorities. Over 70% of the total population of Ugandas 27 people million live in the rural areas and derive their livelihood from subsistence agriculture and also form the large majority of the poor. The Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP)23 is governments broad development framework in which government committed itself to reduce the proportion of the population living in absolute poverty from the level of 44% (1997) to almost 10% by the Year 2017.24 This was recently revised and the National Development Plan (NDP) has replaced the PEAP as the governments overall development framework. The Theme of the NDP is Growth, Employment and Prosperity for Socio- Economic Transformation. To achieve the NDP Theme, eight objectives have been formulated as follows: (a) Increasing household incomes and promoting equity. The attainment of this objective is critical for sustainable economic development. This will be assessed by measuring changes in increased income per capita; increased income distribution; increased employment; enhanced skills development; and increased agricultural production and productivity. (b) Enhancing the availability and quality of gainful employment; the attainment of this objective will be assessment based; increased employment opportunities; increased hi-tech and other professional employment; increased earnings; increased industrial production and productivity. (c) Improving stock and quality of economic infrastructure. This objective has two aspects: the quantity and quality aspects. Its attainment will be assessed by increased access and consumption of electricity; increased quantity and quality of road network;
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http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/component/content/article/1948?format=pdf accessed 3/11/2010 23 http://www.un.org/jsummit/html/calendar/meeting.docs/ugandapresentation1120.doc accessed 3/11/2010

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DFID Research Strategy (2008 - 2013) Consultation - Africa Country Report for Uganda PICO-Uganda November, 2007

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increased functionality of the railway network; increased access to telecommunication services; increased access to public mass transport; increased access to affordable banking services and credit; increased access to quality social services. (d) Ultimately fruits of development are indicated by the social status of the population. Common measures of this objective are: literacy levels; life expectancy at birth; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate; safe water coverage ratio; sanitation levels; incident of communicable diseases; and HIV/AIDS. (e) Promoting science, technology, innovation and ICT to enhance competitiveness. Assessment of this objective will be based on the percentage of exports; high technology content to the total exports; strengthened institutional capacity and status for science and technology; increased capacity for R&D and innovation; increased capacity, access and use of ICT; increased number of S&T and ICT professionals. (f) Enhancing human capital development: This objective is a cornerstone of sustainable development and its achievement will be assessed by: increased skilled manpower among nationals; increased institutional capacity for relevant skills development; increased proportion of regional and international students trained. (g) Strengthening good governance, defence and security; there are limited indicators for this objective. In this NDP, this objective will be assessed based on improved socio-economic governance; improved economic governance and management; improved corporate governance; improved democracy and political governance; and improved security. (h) Promoting sustainable population and use of the environment and natural resources. To assess the attainment of this, the following will be measured: improved population health status; improved human settlement and urbanization; degraded ecosystems restored; improved management of environmental resources.

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Livelihood Security/ Rural Development Household livelihood security is defined as adequate and sustainable access to income and resources to meet basic needs (including adequate access to food, potable water, health facilities, educational opportunities, housing, time for community participation and social integration).25 A livelihood is sustainable when it "can cope with and recover from the stress and shocks, maintain its capability and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation..."26 Current CADA work in Uganda; o War on Want sustainable livlihoods (agriculture and livestock) livestock management, improved farming methods and capacity building. o Concern water and sanitation. o Fields of Life income generating projects. o Oxfam securing basic needs for pastoralist communities. o Trocaire sustainable livelihoods. o TEAR fund poverty reduction and community empowerment - Karamoja Dioceses Development Services. o Bothar dairy and farming projects.

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T.R. Frankenberger and M.K. McCaston The household livelihood security concept Food, Nutrition and Agriculture Issue number: 22 1998

Chambers, R. & Conway, G. 1992. Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS Discussion Paper No. 296. Brighton, UK, Institute of Development Studies.

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Health Current CADA work in Uganda; o War on Want - HIV/AIDS work. o British Red Cross HIV. o Concern Health, HIV, water and sanitation. o Fields of Life Wells developed. o Trocaire HIV/Aids awareness. o TEAR fund - AIDS Intervention Projects including HIV education, prevention and counselling. o Habitat for Humanity - works with orphans and vulnerable children and their caregivers.

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Education Current CADA work in Uganda; o War on Want advocacy and rural training including environment. o Tools for sustainability 10 vocational training centres. o Concern community rights, HIV/Aids awareness. o Fields of Life school building. o Trocaire peace-building and supporting civil society/human rights. o TEAR Fund Aids awareness and Church leader training. o Christian Aid - rehabilitating rescued child soldiers, reconciliation between ethnic groups and supporting refugees with legal advice and counselling. o Habitat for Humanity - Habitat Uganda offers training on HIV/AIDS awareness, succession planning and life skills.

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The key outcomes/impact would be linked to a logframe. This would be in country high level outcomes as well as outcomes for the region. An Example: Theme: Health Area: HIV awareness amongst young women aged 14-18 in Soroti. Activity: Series of one hour activity based workshops. Output: 10 one hour sessions over a three month period for 24 young women aged 14-18. Outcomes: a) Raised awareness over the causes of HIV/Aids; b) Raised awareness of ways in which infection from HIV/Aids can be caused; c) Personal awareness of risks of infection from HIV/Aids; d) Personal awareness of how to prevent infection from HIV/Aids. Impact: Reduced infection rate of X% from HIV/Aids amongst young women over a five year period. Contribute to Livlihood Security by increasing life expectancy and providing better health. Indicators: Can be drawn up to evidence the outcomes and impact.

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Annexe 1: Map and Facts

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Facts about Uganda o Population: 30.7 million (Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2009). o 0-14 years: 50%, 15-64 years: 47.9%, 65 years and over: 2.1% (2010 est.) o Average life expectancy: 50 years (PHC, 2002). UK: 78 years (UN Statistics Division (UNSD), 2007). o Average per capita income: US$300 (Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (2006). UK: US$33,800 (WDI, 2007). o Gross national income : US$28.46 billion (WB, 2007). o Average annual growth rate: 3.2% (Uganda Bureau of Statistics, 2006). o Percentage of people not meeting daily food needs: 31% live below national poverty line (WB, 2005-06). o Women dying in childbirth: 435 per 100,000 live births (UDHS, 2006). UK: 13 per 100,000 (UNSD, 2007). o Children dying before age 5: 137 per 1,000 live births (UDHS, 2006). UK: 6 per 1,000 (UNSD, 2005). o Average life expectancy 53 (204th in world). o Percentage of children receiving primary school education: 52% primary school completion (Education Management Information System, 2009). o Percentage of people aged 15-49 living with HIV/AIDS: 6.4% (Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-Behavioural Survey, 2004-05). UK: 0.2% (UNSD, 2005). 14th in world. o Percentage of people with access to safe, clean water: 65% (Uganda Water and Environment Sector Report, 2009).

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Annex 2: Ugandas Progress towards Millennium Development Goals Uganda has made substantial progress towards achieving the MDGs, although more needs to be done if all are to be attained. With continued good policies, Uganda appears likely to achieve targets for Goals 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8, which respectively are to: eradicate extreme poverty; promote gender equality and empower women; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership for development. Uganda may also be able to achieve Goal 2 - achieve universal primary education with greater effort to encourage children to complete primary education and with improved policies, strengthened institutions, and additional funding, the country may be able to meet the target for hunger. However, progress towards Goals 4 and 5 to reduce child mortality and to improve maternal health is uncertain.27 MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Uganda is on track to meet the income poverty MDG. The proportion of people living below the poverty line declined from 56% in 1992 -93 to 31% in 2005-06. However, regional differences in poverty remain, with the highest levels in the north at around twice the national average. MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education Net primary school enrolment reached 93.2% in 2008-09, up from 84% in 2005-06. The primary education completion rate has also risen, but remains low at 51.7%. Uganda is, therefore, unlikely to meet MDG2. MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women The ratio of girls to boys in primary education has now equalised. Over 2 million more girls are now enrolled in primary school each year compared to 1997. In addition, 30% of Members of the Ugandan Parliament are women. MDG 4: Reduce child mortality Deaths among children under five years old have decreased from 158 per 1,000 live births to 130 per 1,000 (2000/01 - 2007), and deaths of infants have declined from 89 per 1,000 live births to 75 per 1,000 (2000/01 - 2006). Despite these improvements, Uganda is still off track to meet this MDG. MDG 5: Improve maternal health Uganda is severely off track to meet this MDG, the number of women who die in child birth being 435 deaths per 100,000 live
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http://www.undp.or.ug/mdgs/25 accessed 6/11/2010

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births (2006). However, this is a slight improvement from 2000-01, when the maternal mortality rate was 505 deaths per 100,000 live births. MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Since 2003, HIV prevalence reduction has stabilised at 6.4%. The numbers of new infections, however, are rising and the epidemic is shifting from young people (19-24 yrs) to older age groups (3449yrs). Incidence rates are increasing in married couples. MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Uganda is judged to be on track towards the target of providing 71.5% of its population with clean drinking water. In 2009, 65% of the rural population had access to an improved water source. The MDG target for improved sanitation, however, is severely off track. MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development An element of this MDG is access to communications technology. From 2000 to 2006, according to the UN, the number of people in Uganda with a mobile phone subscription rose massively from 0.52 per 100 to 6.73 per 100.28

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http://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php? option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-developmentgoals&catid=1:high-commission-london accessed 6/11/2010

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Annex 3: A brief History of Uganda o Uganda straddles the equator and is surrounded by the great lakes of central Africa and because of its situation, was one of the last parts of the continent to be reached by outsiders in the mid 1800s. o During the successive 100 years, British control of Uganda developed, initially through The Imperial British East Africa Company, until Uganda became a Protectorate just before the turn of the 20th Century. o During this period, Uganda grew prosperous as cotton, introduced by the British, was grown with great success. o In the years after World War II, Britain realised that the federal system was not an appropriate method of governance and so began the long movement towards independence. o Eventually Britain granted Uganda full internal selfgovernment in March 1962 and in the following month Milton Obote was elected prime minister. The constitution had recognition of the Bugandan King, Mutesa, as President. o In 1966 the deteriorating relationship between Obote and Mutesa came to an abrupt end. Obote sent a force, led by his newly appointed army commander Idi Amin, to attack the kabaka's palace and he fled into to exile in Britain. o Obote immediately introduced a new constitution which abolished the hereditary kingdoms, ended the nation's federal structure and provided for an executive president - a post taken by Obote himself in addition to being prime minister. o In 1971, when Obote was abroad, his regime was toppled in a coup led by Idi Amin. Obote settled just over the border from Uganda in neighbouring Tanzania o The country's economy was severely damaged in 1972, when Amin suddenly expelled all Uganda's Asians, the nation's main trading middle class. He went on to persecute tribes other than his own and murdered or tortured between 100,000 and 500,000 Ugandans during his seven years in power. o In 1978 Amin invaded Tanzania and Julius Nyerere, the Tanzanian president, took the opportunity to repel Amin's army and topple his power base. Amin fled to Saudi Arabia. o During the next twelve months there were two interim governments led by returning Ugandan exiles until in May 1980 a Ugandan general, Tito Okello, organized a coup which brought Obote back into power. During the 1980s Obote used violent means to reimpose his rule, while the country continued to suffer economic chaos as well as many tribal massacres which were carried out by armed factions.

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o In 1985 Tito Okello intervened once more, driving Obote back into exile. Okello lasted for a very short time and Museveni supported by National Resistance Army set up a government of national unity, with himself as president. o It is a turning point in Uganda's history. A decade later the country is back under the rule of law (apart from some northern regions, where rebellion rumbles on). The economy is now making vast strides with general improvements in education, health and transport (though not in the North East). o International approval brought with it a new willingness to invest and to lend. The nation, emerging from two decades of appalling chaos, was suddenly almost a model for Africa. He describes his Uganda as a 'no-party democracy', claiming that people of widely differing views can argue their case to the electorate as competing individuals. o As Uganda prepares for elections in February 2011, four candidates for Presidency have emerged Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of the National Resistance Movement (NRM), Kizza Besigye of the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), Bidandi Ssali of the Peoples Progressive Party (PPP) and Norbert Mao of the Democratic Party (DP). In a bid to beat the deadline for the national nominations of parliamentary candidates, the NRM is to hold primary elections on November 18 in areas where the polls were either disputed or not held. Conflict has long been a backdrop to Uganda as has been evidenced in the world press with the threat of the Lord's Resistance Army. Uganda's 18-year-long battle against the brutal Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), an extremist rebel group based in Sudan, showed signs of abating in August 2006, when the rebels agreed to declare a truce. Between 8,000 and 10,000 children have been abducted by the LRA to form the army of "prophet" Joseph Kony, whose aim was to take over Uganda and run it according to his vision of Christianity. The boys are turned into soldiers and the girls into sex slaves. Up to 1.5 million people in northern Uganda have been displaced because of the fighting and the fear that their children will be abducted. Kony and three other LRA leaders have been indicted on charges of crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court. The LRA and the government signed a permanent cease-fire in February 2008. Kony failed to show up to sign the landmark agreement several times in 2008, dashing hopes for formalized peace. The rebels, however, sought a cease-fire in January 2009, after the armies of Uganda, Southern Sudan, and Congo attacked their bases.

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Internal feuds between Ateso and Karamajong have been endemic for centuries with many thousands dying through inter tribal violence. Modern day terrorism is no stranger to Uganda, as was evidenced in July 2010, when about 75 people watching the final game of the World Cup in a Kampala restaurant were killed in an explosion. The Somali militant Islamist group Al-Shabab claimed responsibility for the bombing, saying the attack was aimed at discouraging countries from supporting the transitional government in Somalia. Al-Shabab has been battling Somalia's weak, Westernbacked government for power for several years. Uganda contributes troops to an African Union force that has been propping up the government in Somalia.

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Annex 4 : Motion brought to Assembly by the All Party Group on International Development on 1 April 2008 That this Assembly recognises its responsibility to reflect Northern Irelands concerns about, and charity towards, the developing world; acknowledges the international support afforded to help resolve Northern Irelands problems; commits, in line with the United Kingdom and Irish Governments, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly, to embedding support for the principles of international development into devolved government, and to supporting the work of Northern Ireland-based organisations involved in the area of international development; notes the report and implementation plan produced in 2003 by the Assemblys Allparty Group on International Development; endorses the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, and the United Kingdom and Irish Governments commitments to meet 07% Gross National Income contributions to achieving these goals in an agreed timeframe; calls for ethical and fair-trade policies in respect of purchasing by the Assembly Commission, Government departments and agencies, and other public sector bodies; resolves, including through the All Party Group on International Development, to work in partnership with relevant organisations to support long-term international development objectives, including the eradication of poverty, the promotion of conflict resolution, and economic and technical development; and further resolves to promote a strategy for development education that integrates a global dimension into the school curriculum.

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