Singly-Reinforced Beam Design Example

CEE 3150 Reinforced Concrete Design Design a rectangular reinforced concrete beam for loads given below. The simply-supported beam has a span = 18 ft and excessive deections will cause damage. The superimposed dead load (SDL) is 1.15 kip/ft with other given quantities below. Given: fc = 4.5 kip/in2 c = 150 lb/ft3 wL = 0.8 kip/ft fy = 60 kip/in2

FLEXURAL DESIGN (A) Choose the beam depth, h. Because excessive deections could cause damage, we will not use Table 9.5(a) from the code. Instead, use h = /12 = 18 ft/12 (12 in/foot) = 18 in. (B) Assume one row of steel: d = h 2.5 in = 18 in 2.5 in = 15.5 in. (C) Assuming r = b/d = 0.5, b = 0.5d = 0.5(15.5 in) = 7.75 in, use b = 8 in. (D) Compute Mu and Mn . With our estimated beam height and width, we can calculate the self-weight, SW , and determine the total dead load, wD . SW = = = wD = = bhc (8 in)(18 in)(150 lb/ft3 )(1 foot2 /144 in2 )(1 kip/1000 lb) 0.15 kip/ft SDL + SW = (1.15 kip/ft + 0.15 kip/ft) 1.3 kip/ft

Because only dead and live loads are given and the dead load is less than eight times the live load, only one factored load case need be checked: wu = 1.2wD + 1.6wL = 1.2(1.3 kip/ft) + 1.6(0.8 kip/ft) = 2.84 kip/ft Which leads to a factored moment, Mu , for a simply-supported beam of: Mu = wu 8
2

(1)

2.84 kip/ft(18 ft)2 = 115 kipft 8

(2)

Assuming that = 0.9, the required nominal strength, Mn , can be found. Mn = (E) Compute R =
Mn bd2

Mu 115 kipft = = 128 kipft 0.90

(3)

and nd . (4)

R=

Mn 128 kipft = (12 in/foot)(1000 lb/1 kip) = 798 psi 2 bd (8 in)(15.5 in)2

Reading from the chart gives 0.0152. 1

(F) Compute As = bd. As = bd = 0.0152(8 in)(15.5 in) = 1.88 in2 (5)

(G) Choose bars, make sure they t. Based on the required As = 1.88 in2 , the following options are available: Bar Size 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ab (in2 ) 0.44 0.60 0.79 1.00 1.27 1.56 # Bars 5 4 3 2 2 2 As (in2 ) 2.20 2.40 2.37 2.00 2.54 3.12

Based on these options, choose 2 #9s with a total area of As = 2.00 in2 since it is the smallest area greater than the initial estimate and thus most efcient. To get the minimum width, assume 1.5 inches clear cover and a #3 stirrup. The minimum beam width, bmin , will be the sum of the cover requirements, the stirrup width (on each side of the beam), the exural reinforcement (2 #9s), and the clear spacing between exural reinforcing. A #9 bar has db = 1.128 in so that the minimum clear spacing must be 1.128 in. Adding it all up: bmin = 2(1.5 in) + 2(0.375 in) + 3(1.128 in) = 7.13 in < b = 8 in The minimum width, bmin , is less than our actual width so the bars will t. (H) Analyze the section, check Mn Mu . (1) Factor loads and compute required Mu . This was computed above: Mu = 115 kipft. (2) Check minimum steel. The depth, d, to the centroid of the steel can now be computed exactly. d = 18 in 1.5 in 0.375 in 1.128 in/2 = 15.56 in (7) The minimum steel area is then: As,min = = As,min = = 3 4, 500 lb/in2 bw d = 8 in(15.56 in) fy 60, 000 lb/in2 0.418 in2 < As = 2.00 in2 200 lb/in2 200 lb/in2 bw d = 8 in(15.56 in) fy 60, 000 lb/in2 0.415 in2 < As = 2.00 in2 3 fc (8) (9) (10) (11) (6)

Minimum steel area requirement is met. (3) Compute T, C, a, and c. Assuming the tension steel has yielded: T = As fy = 2.00 in2 (60 kip/in2 ) = 120 kip By equilibrium: C = T = 120 kip 2 (13) (12)

We can now solve for a and c. a = C 120 kip = = 3.92 in 0.85fc b 0.85(4.5 kip/in2 )(8 in) c = a/1 = 3.92 in/0.825 = 4.75 in (14) (15)

(4) Check minimum strain. Because we only have one row, d = dt . c c 4.75 in = = = 0.305 < 0.375 dt d 15.56 in (16)

The ratio dct is less than 0.375, thus the section is tension-controlled. A tensioncontrolled section has t > 0.005, so it follows that t > 0.004 as required. Thus, there is signicant yielding of the tension steel, which veries our assumption from the previous step that the tension steel had yielded. The minimum strain requirement is met. (5) Compute Mn , check Mn Mu . The section is tension-controlled (from the previous step) so that = 0.9. Mn = T (d a/2) = 0.9(120 kip)(15.56 in 3.92 in/2)(1 foot/12 in) (17) = 122.4 kipft > Mu = 115 kipft (18) The beam is strong enough (Mn > Mu ) and all other code checks were satisfactory. Thus, the beam is adequate for the loads. (I) Sketch.

b = 8"

d= 15.6" h= 18"

2 #9