SYSTEMS THEORY FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH In March 13 1919, Faye Glenn Abdellah was born in New York City.

She finished her Basic Nursing Education as a Magna Cum Laude in 1942 from Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Neptune, New Jersey. She obtained her Bachelor in Science in1945, her Master of Arts in 1947 and her Doctor of Education in 1955 from the Teachers College at Colombia University. She became the first nurse and first woman to serve as the Deputy Surgeon General at the United States. Due to her contribution, in the field of Education and Nursing Research, she was inducted into the US National Womens Hall of Fame in 2000. She is a beneficiary of national and international awards and is a Fellow, defined as an elite member of a group who work together as peers, in the American Nursing Association (ANA). In her retirement, she wrote and discussed more than a hundred publications related to nursing care, education for advanced practice in nursing, and nursing research. It was in 1960, she was profoundly influenced by the desire to promote clientcentered all-inclusive nursing care, thus making the idea of nursing as true humanitarian service to individual, to families and therefore to the society. According to Abdellah, nursing is grounded as art and science that molds the attitude, intellectual capabilities, and technical know-how of the individual nurse into the desire and capacity to assist people, sick or well, and to deal with their needs. As a complete humanitarian service, nursing includes the following: Be acquainted with the nursing problems of the patient. Choose the definite courses of action to make in the scope of relevant nursing principles. Make available continuous care of the individuals entire health needs Give continuous care to relieve pan and discomfort and provide immediate security for the individual Regulate the total nursing care plan tom meet the patients tailored needs Servicing the individual to become more self-determining in achieving maintaining a healthy stage of mind and body Informing nursing personnel, family and support-system to provide individual act for oneself within perceived limitations Facilitate the individual to adapt to limits and emotional problems Team up with different allied health professions in working with the diagram for optimum health on local, state, national and international levels

Engaging in non-stop evaluation and research to develop nursing techniques and create new techniques to serve the health needs of different people.

METAPARADIGM in NURSING Person Abdellah classifies the beneficiary of care as individuals. However, she does not set standards on the nature and essence of human beings. The 21 nursing problems relate with biological, psychological and social aspects of individuals and can be said to correspond to concepts of importance.

Health In this theory, the concept of health is defined as the center and purpose of nursing services. Although Abdellah does not give a definition of health, she speaks to a total health needs and a healthy state of mind and body in her description of nursing as a comprehensive service. Environment - The idea of environment is addressed by Abdellah and is included in planning for optimum health on local, state, national, and international levels. However, as Abdellah elaborates her ideas, the core of nursing service is the individual. Nursing - The concept of nursing in this theory is generally grounded into 21 problem areas for nurses to work out their judgment and appropriate care. Abdellah considers nursing to be an all-inclusive service that is based on the disciplines of art and science that serves individuals, sick or cope with their health needs. NURSING PROBLEMS A theoretical statement from Abdellahs works can be created by utilizing her three chief concepts of health, nursing problems, and problem solving. Abdellahs theory proposes that nursing problems related to the health requirements of clients. It gives much importance to problem-solving as medium for the nursing problems as the client is geared in the direction of health, which is the outcome. It is such a simple statement, and as such, it can be applied as a foundation for practice, education, and research in the area of nursing. NURSING PROBLEMS - Health Needs are seen as problems, which may be covert (unseen) and overt (Obvious) According to Abdellah, a covert problem deals with the emotional and relational aspects of the person but it is often seen incorrectly. Yet in many instances, solving the covert problems may solve the overt problems as well. -

Such analysis points to a client-centered orientation. Abdellah, however, offers a different view of things stating that a nursing problem given by a client is a state faced by the client or support system that the nurse by doing her job professionally can assist them. She used the term Nursing problems because it is more in tune with nursing goals and nursing goals than clientcentered. According to Abdellah, the practice of competent nursing care in the future is for the nursing student to realize that identifying and answering overt and covert nursing problems in the core of nursing. 21 Nursing Problems 1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort 2. To promote optimal activity 3. To promote SAFETY through prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma through the prevention of the spread of infection 4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity 5. To facilitate the maintenance of supply of oxygen to all body cells 6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells 7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination 8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance 9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions-pathological, physiological and compensatory 10. To facilitate the maintenance of the regulatory mechanism and functions 11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function 12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions 13. To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness 14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communications 15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationship 16. To facilitate progress toward achievement and personal spiritual goals 17. To create a therapeutic environment 18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional and developmental needs 19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional 20. To use community resources as an aid resolving problems arising from illness 21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness