ACTA MUSEI REGINAEHRADECENSIS S. A.

, 32 (2007): 11-16

ISBN: 978-80-85031-73-7

Carboniferous Fauna of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin

Karbonsk fauna podkrkonosk pnve Jaroslav Zajc
Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Rozvojov 269, 165 00 Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic. zajic@gli.cas.cz

Abstract:The complete faunal list has been completed for the Upper Carboniferous lake deposits of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin. Fauna-bearing sites and boreholes of the Plounice lake are divided into two main areas and two subareas on the basis of their sedimentary facies and faunal content. Stratigraphy and inter-basin correlations are discussed. K e y w o r d s : faunal list, palaeogeography, palaeoenvironment, stratigraphy, Upper Carboniferous, Bohemian Massif.

INTRODUCTION
The Krkonoe Piedmont Basin (Fig. 2) belongs to a system of post-orogenic extensional/transitional basins which formed in the Bohemian Massif (Fig. 1) in the early post-orogenic phase (Martnek et al. 2006). Northern and southern regions of the basin often differ in their lithological development. The main Permo-Carboniferous fossilbearing strata of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin were traditionally called horizons until recently. The nature of the main ones (such as the Plounice, Rudnk, and Kaln Horizons) is, however, totally different. Their usual thickness of several tens of meters suggests that they represent members, not horizons. Recent papers concerning the Permian sediments referred to horizons, such as the Kaln Lake deposits (Blecha, Martnek & Mihaljevi 1999) or the Rudnk Member (Martnek et al. 2006). This paper uses the term lake deposits because no exact definitions of members have been provided yet for the Carboniferous horizons of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin. For a simplified geological map of the basin, see Fig. 2. Carboniferous sediments of the basin are divided into three sections the Kumburk, Syenov, and Semily Formations (see Fig. 3). No fauna has been reported from the Kumburk Formation. The generally known fauna of the Syenov Formation still comes from the Lt-1 Libtt borehole but its significance for stratigraphic correlation with other basins of the Czech Republic is substantial. The richest fauna (in both specimens and taxa) is known from the youngest Carboniferous. This paper was prepared within the IGCP project 491 - Middle Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biogeography, Palaeogeography, and Climate. Herein presented data concerning the Gzhelian age are mostly based on the unpublished final report (Blecha et al. 1997) of the grant project No. 205/94/0692 (Environmental changes on the Carboniferous/Permian boundary and their impact on the assem-

Fig. 1. Location of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin (black, simplified) in the Czech Republic (dash-and-dot line) and in the Bohemian Massif (continuous line).

blages of organisms in fossiliferous horizons in the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin ) of the Czech Science Foundation. Other data were summarized and shortly published by Zajc in Peek et al. (2001) as a result of the grant project No. 205/96/1231 (Origin and sedimentary filling of the limnic Permo-Carboniferous basins in the Bohemian Massif) supported by the same grant agency. Recent investigations (e. g. tamberg 2001) yielded additional or corrected data. The fauna-bearing localities and boreholes are supplemented with sheets of maps 1: 25,000 in parentheses. No faunal remains come from the Kumburk Formation yet.

The Syenov Formation

The Lower Syenov Formation, Kasimovian (Stephanian B) The only known fauna of this section comes from the lowermost part of the formation. The lacustrine origin of these sediments is assumed. No fauna is known from the overlying Syenov Coal Seams.
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Fig. 2. A simplified geological map of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin (based on Blecha et al. 1997; Fig. 4.1.) with palaeogeography of the Plounice and tpanice-ikvsky lake deposits. The Hk-1 Horn Kaln borehole represents a distant subarea of the tpanice-ikvsky area, the site of Nov Paka aerodrome represents a special subarea of the Plounice area. Numbers of sites in both areas are simplified.

Locality: * Lt-1 Libtt borehole (03-413 Semily); depth 860.60 m; (Zajc 1986, Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Elonichthys sp. (scales) The Black Shales Lake Deposits of the Upper Formation, Gzhelian (Stephanian B) The thickness of the deposits is 1323 m (Prouza & Tsler in Peek et al. 2001). The finely laminated deepwater claystones were sedimentologically paralleled with the Mec Member (Central and Western Bohemian Basins) and the Jvka Member (Intra-Sudetic Basin) by Skoek (1990). The correlation with the large and deep Mec Lake is in accordance with the faunal content. A reinterpretation of the determinable actinopterygian scales from the Lt-1 Libtt borehole was made by Zajc in Peek et al. (2001) Locality: * Lt-1 Libtt borehole (03-413 Semily); depth 795.10807.25 m; (Zajc 1986; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997, Zajc in Peek et al. 2001) Spinarichthys dispersus (scales); Zaborichthys fragmentalis (scales); Elonichthys sp. (scales); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, teeth)

The Semily Formation

Lacustrine deposits of the Middle Semily Formation are represented by two different facies (see chapter Palaeogeography of the Plounice Lake). tpanice-ikvsky Lake Deposits (northern area of the basin), Gzhelian (Stephanian C) Member is formed by two or three intervals of a complete thickness of 95130 m including intercalated strata (Prouza & Tsler in Peek et al. 2001). Coal seams are

locally present. For the location of the adits see Havlena (1957, Fig. 2). Localities: * HK-1 Horn Kaln borehole (03-413 Semily); depth 899.15 m; (Zajc 1984; Zajc 1989; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Acanthodes sp. (fin spine); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, fulcrum) * Kolov dump of the Nadje adit (03-413 Semily); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales); Spinarichthys dispersus (scales); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, bone fragments); coprolites * Kouty dump of the Adolf and Glck adits (03-413 Semily); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales) * Kv-1 Kolov borehole (03-413 Semily); depth 499.90500.00 m; (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) ostracodes Carbonita sp.; Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales); Actinopterygii indet. (bone fragments, a tooth, scales, fulcra, segments of lepidotrichia); coprolites * Lt-1 Libtt borehole (03-413 Semily); depth 727.50 m; (Zajc 1986; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997, Zajc in Peek et al. 2001) Elonichthys sp. (scale); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, fulcrum); coprolite * Nedvz dump of the Otto adit (03-413 Semily); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) ostracodes Carbonita sp.; Acanthodes sp. (fin spines); Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales, bone fragments); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, bone fragments); coprolites * Nedvz dump of the Rohan adit (03-413 Semily); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (parasphenoid, scales); Spi-

Fig. 3. Upper Carboniferous of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin: age, lithostratigraphy and local bio/eco zonation.

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narichthys dispersus (scales); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, bone fragments); coprolites Plounice Lake Deposits (southern area of the basin), Gzhelian (Stephanian C) The member consist of two intervals, each 1060 m thick, and one intercalated stratum 1030 m thick (Prouza & Tsler in Peek et al. 2001). * Bradleck Lhota Zlatnk wood (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997); specimens are deposited in the National Museum in Prague. Actinopterygii indet. (scales) * Krsmol (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Fritsch 1901; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997; tamberg 2001) This locality was probably erroneously named Kromle in the Czech version of the Fritschs paper (Fritsch 1901). Carbonicola bohemica (unrevised name); Arthrolycosa sp.; Insecta indet. (wings); Turnovichthys magnus (a fin spine fragment); Bohemiacanthus sp. (tooth); Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales) * Kyje railroad cut, 11.55 m of the section described in Blecha et al. 1997 (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Amphisauropus cf. intermedius (tetrapod footprints) * Kyje railroad cut with no detailed location (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Fri 1912; Schneider 1983; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Spiloblattina lawrenceana (wings or wing fragments); Sysciophlebia rubida (wings or wing fragments); Neorthroblattina cf. multineuria (wings or wing fragments); Anthracoblattina sp. (wings or wing fragments); Protritonichnites lacertoides (tetrapod footprints) * Nov Paka aerodrome (03-432 Nov Paka); (Kamard 1959; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Lioestheria paupera (after Kamard 1959; including juveniles); Insecta indet. (wings) * Nov Ves nad Popelkou a field near r u Kumburku (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou) (new unpublished finds of Mr. Lapack) Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scale); Actinopterygii indet. (fulcra) * Plounice a railroad cut A, 01.3 m of the section described in Blecha et al. 1997 (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Actinopterygii indet. (scales, fulcra, bone fragments) * Plounice a railroad cut C, 2.93.5 m of the section described in Blecha et al. 1997 (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Sphenacanthus sp. (scales); Progyrolepis speciosus (tooth); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, fulcra); xenacanthid spiral coprolites; coprolites * Plounice a railroad cut, imneks excavation No. 1 in 1996 (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Sphenacanthus sp. (scale); ?Progyrolepis speciosus (a tooth fragment); Actinopterygii indet. (scales, fulcra, segments of lepidotrichia); xenacanthid spiral coprolites; coprolites * Plounice a railroad cut with no detailed location
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(03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Fri 1912; Kamard 1951; Schneider 1983; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Pseudestheria tenella; ?Lioestheria paupera; Neorthroblattina germari; Acanthodes sp. (fin spines, scales); Sphenacanthus sp. (scales); xenacanthids (tooth fragments, spine fragments, calcified cartilage fragments); Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales); Elonichthys sp. (a scale); Progyrolepis speciosus (a tooth); Zaborichthys fragmentalis (a scale); Actinopterygii indet. (bone fragments, teeth, scales, fulcra, segments of lepidotrichia); branchiosaurids (vertebrae, bone fragments); a xenacanthid spiral coprolite; coprolites; Amphisauropus intermedius (tetrapod footprints); Ichnotherium cottae (tetrapod footprints); Protritonichnites lacertoides (tetrapod footprints) * Plounice milestone 60.5 in the railroad cut (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Sphaerolepis kounoviensis (scales), Elonichthys sp. (scales), Actinopterygii indet. (bone fragments, scales, fulcra, segments of lepidotrichia); coprolites * Star Paka Pnice (03-432 Nov Paka); (Fri 1912; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Actinopterygii indet. (whole unidentified specimen, scales) * r u Kumburku Smta (03-431 Lomnice nad Popelkou); (Kamard 1959; Zajc in Blecha et al. 1997) Lioestheria paupera, Actinopterygii indet. (scales); Insecta indet. (wings)

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PLOUNICE LAKE

The Plounice Lake extended over almost the whole area of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin (about 150 km2) and probably reached to the Mnichovo Hradit Basin (Tsler & Prouza 1985). The known fauna-bearing sites are divided into two main areas (see Fig. 2) each with one locality with somewhat different development. The sedimentary facies were established by Blecha & Martnek in Blecha et al. (1997). tpanice-ikvsky area (northern part of the basin) The presence of suboxic and anoxic offshore facies (grey and blackish grey finely laminated mudstones and organicrich carbonates), conglomerates, and sandstones are characteristic for the northern part of the basin. A relatively deep lake and a steeper gradient of the bottom are assumed here. The paludal nearshore conditions (swamps) and the water level oscillation induced the origin of thin coal seams. Fauna of this area comes from dark grey siltstones, dark grey laminated mudstones and blackish grey finely laminated mudstones with coal laminae. Disarticulation of the fish remains together with the type of sedimentation correspond to the hypolimnion of a shallower stratified lake. The insect remains found at some sites possibly indicate a relative proximity of the lake shore. The HK-1 Horn Kaln borehole lies at a considerably distance from other sites of the northern area. Disarticulated

fish remains from the blackish grey laminated claystone evidence poorly aerated water conditions near the bottom. Plounice area (southern part of the basin) The southern part of the basin has a platform-like character with a low gradient. The plain relief induced considerable lateral variations of sedimentary conditions. The facies of the brown mudstone with traces of lamination (typically in section Plounice A) indicates conditions of a shallow lake with relatively well aerated water near the bottom (an epilimnion of a stratified lake). The facies of the purplish brown or grey finely laminated mudstone (typically in section Plounice C) indicates lacustrine environment with well aerated water near the bottom. Tetrapod footprints from the facies of the grey laminated siltstone (Kyje) indicate temporary terrestrial conditions. The site of Nov Paka aerodrome yielded common conchostracans together with insect wing remains. This association suggests a shallower epilimnion of a stratified lake close to the shoreline. Abundant conchostracans possibly imply repeated episodes of eutrophication. These conditions indicate a shallow embayment.

REFERENCES
BLECHA M. et al. (1997): Zmny prosted na rozhran karbonu a permu a jejich dopad na spoleenstva organism ve fosilifernch obzorech podkrkonosk pnve. - Zvren zprva za grant GA R, esk geologick stav, MS, 1-177. Praha. BLECHA M., MARTNEK K. & MIHALJEVI M. (1999): Paleoenvironmental changes of the semipermanent Kaln Lake (Lower Permian), Krkonoe Piedmont Basin, Czech Republic: sedimentary and geochemical record. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, 43, 4, 657-665. Praha. FRI A. (1912): Studien im Gebiete der Permformation Bhmens. Archiv fr die naturwissenschaftliche Landesdurchforschung Bhmens, 15, 2, 1-52. Prag. FRITSCH A. (1901): Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Bhmens. IV/3. - F. ivn, 63-101. Prag. HAVLENA V. (1957): Petrografie uhl podkrkonoskho permokarbonu a poznmky k jeho geologii. Sbornk stednho stavu geologickho, Oddl geologick, 24, 157-188. LUCAS S. G., SCHNEIDER J. W. & CASSINIS G. (2006): Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction. - In S. G. Lucas, G. Gassinis & J. W. Schneider (eds): Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 265, 1-14. London. KAMARD L. (1951): Revise eskch permokarbonskch Pseudestheri (Conchostraca). Rozpravy II. Tdy esk Akademie, 61, 17, 27 pp. Praha. KAMARD L. (1959): Zprva o paleontologickm vzkumu v podkrkonoskm permu. Zprvy o geologickm vzkumu v roce 1957, 94. Praha. MARTNEK K., BLECHA M., DANK V., FRANC J., HLADKOV J., JOHNOV R. & ULIN D. (2006): Record of palaeoenvironmental changes in a Lower Permian organic-rich lacustrine succession: Integrated sedimentological and geochemical study of the Rudnk member, Krkonoe Piedmont Basin, Czech Republic. - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 230, 85-128. PEEK J. et al. (2001): Geologie a loiska svrchnopaleozoickch limnickch pnv esk republiky. esk geologick stav, 1-243. Praha. ROSCHER M. & SCHNEIDER J. W. (2005): An annotated correlation chart for continental Late Pennsylvanian and Permian basins and the marine scale. In. S. G. Lucas & K. E. Zeigler (eds.): The Nonmarine Permian. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 30, 282-291. SKOEK V. (1990): Stefansk jezerndeltov sekvence ve stednch a severovchodnch echch [Stephanian lacustrine-deltaic sequence in central and north-eastern Bohemia]. - Sbornk geologickch vd, Geologie, 45, 91-122. Praha. SCHNEIDER J. (1983): Die Blattodea (Insecta) des Palozoikums. Teil I: Systematik, kologie und Biostratigraphie. - Freiberger Forschungsheft, C 382, 106-145. TAMBERG S. (2001): Fin spine of a ctenacanthoid shark (Elasmobranchii, Ctenacanthoidea) from the Upper Stephanian of the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin (Bohemia). Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 76, 2, 141-148. Praha. TSLER R. & PROUZA V. (1985): Podkrkonosk pnev - zhodnocen geologickch a uheln loiskovch pomr. MS, stedn stav geologick, Praha.

STRATIGRAPHIC NOTES
The fish local biozonation (Zajc 2000, 2004) was labelled by Lucas, Schneider & Cassinis (2006) as a local ecostratigraphy of some Bohemian basins. Some features of ecostratigraphy are unquestionable, and the local character of the biozonation was always pointed out. Some significant taxa (notably Elonichthys and Sphaerolepis) are, however, found in various lake facies of the Stephanian basins of the Bohemian Massif. Common remains of these taxa are known from the deposits of the deep, shallow or paludal lakes. The occurrences of these taxa did not depend on the predominant oxygenation of the water near the lake bottom either. Both oxic and anoxic conditions show similar actinopterygian associations. The correlation between the Central and Western Bohemian Basins and the Krkonoe Piedmont Basin shows differences from the conception of Roscher & Schneider (2005; Fig. 2) in my opinion. The Middle Semily Formation (the Plounice Lake) is well correlable with the lower part of the Ln Formation (Klobuky and Zdtn Lakes) on the basis of both sedimentology and bio/eco zonation.

SOUHRN
Je podn kompletn seznam fauny svrchnokarbonskch jezernch uloenin podkrkonosk pnve. Lokality a vrty s faunou jsou na zklad sedimentrnch faci a fauny rozdleny do dvou hlavnch oblast a dvou podoblast. Je diskutovna stratigrafie a mezipnevn korelace.

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ZAJC J. (1984): Zoopaleontologie permokarbonu z vrtu HK-1. - In R. Tsler et all.: Vrt HK-1 Horn Kaln (Zvren zprva), stedn stav geologick, MS, 1-11. Praha. ZAJC J. (1986): Zoopaleontologie permokarbonu z vrtu Lt-1 (Libtt). - stedn stav geologick, MS, 1-3. Praha. ZAJC J. (1989): Remains of Permo-Carboniferous vertebrates from HK-1 borehole (Horn Kaln, Krkonoe Piedmont Basin, east Bohemia). - Vstnk stednho stavu geologickho, 64, 5, 287-295. Praha.

ZAJC J. (2000): Vertebrate zonation of the non-marine Upper Carboniferous Lower Permian basins of the Czech Republic. - Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 223, 563-575. Frankfurt a. M. ZAJC J. (2004): Vertebrate biozonation of the Permo-Carboniferous lakes of the Czech Republic new data. - Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis, Ser. A: Scientiae Naturales, 30, 16-17. Hradec Krlov.

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