Introduction to Psychology Fall 2010

Review the following for Exam 1

Introduction to the field Experimental vs. applied psychology Goals of psychologists (describe, explain, predict, control) Historical perspectives & their founders Structuralism (Wundt, Titchener) Gestalt psychology (Wertheimer) Psychonalysis (Freud) Functionalism (James) Behaviorism (Watson) Free will vs. determinism Mind-body problem Nature nurture issue Research Methods Falsifiability Parsimony Sampling (population; samples: convenience, representative, random) Naturalistic observation Case histories/studies Surveys Correlational studies (correlation coefficient, illusory correlation) Experiments Experimental & control groups Independent variable, dependent variable Random assignment Hawthorne effect & experimenter bias Ethics (informed consent & debriefing) Biological Psychology Nervous system Central nervous system Spinal cord Brain Hindbrain (Cerebellum) Midbrain (Suprachiasmatic nuclei) Forebrain Cerebral cortex 4 lobes (frontal motor cortex; temporal association cortex & auditory cortex; occipital visual cortex; parietal sensory cortex) Corpus callosum Binding problem Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic & parasympathetic) Neuron (soma/cell body, axon, dendrites) Action potential Synapse Neurotransmitters (reuptake, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine)

Sensation & Perception Sensation vs. perception Vision Eye (cornea, pupil, iris, lens, vitreous humor, retina, fovea, optic nerve) Photoreceptors (rods, cones) Lateral inhibition Blind spot Color vision (trichromatic theory, opponent process theory, colorblindness) Hearing The ear (tympanic membrane, middle ear, cochlea, basilar membrane) Localization of sound Vestibular sense Taste (receptors, sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami, astringent) Smell (olfactory bulb, pheromones) Cutaneous senses (pain) Sensory integration/interaction Absolute threshold & signal detection Depth perception Binocular cues (retinal disparity, convergence) Monocular cues (size, interposition, linear perspective, detail, motion parallax) Perceptual constancy (brightness, size, shape, moon illusion) Gestalt laws of perception Subliminal perception Consciousness Conscious, preconscious, nonconscious, unconscious Circadian rhythm Sleep Stages (1,2,3,4, REM) Function (repair & restoration vs, energy conservation) Dreaming Dream analysis (Freud) Activation-synthesis theory Neurocognitive theory Hypnosis (dissociation theory) Posthypnotic suggestion Hypnotic regression Classes of drugs (depressants, opiates, stimulants, hallucinogenics) Tolerance & dependence (physical vs. psychological) Learning Behaviorism (radical vs. methodological behaviorists) Classical conditioning Pavlovs dogs UCS, UCR, CS, CR Operant conditioning Thorndikes cats (puzzle box, learning curve) Reinforcement (positive & negative) & punishment (positive & negative) Skinners box (shaping & chaining) Reinforcement schedules (ratio, interval, fixed, variable) Extinction & spontaneous recovery Generalization & discrimination