Abs

2008 Kia Optima EX
2008 BRAKES ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) - Optima
COMPONENTS
Fig. 1: Anti-Lock Brake System Components Location Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
DESCRIPTION
This specification applies to HCU (Hydraulic Control Unit) and ECU (Electronic Control Unit) of the HECU. (Hydraulic and Electronic Control Unit) This specification is for the wiring design and installation of ABS/ESC ECU.
2008 Kia Optima EX

This unit has the functions as follows.
Input of signal from Pressure sensor, Steering angle sensor, Yaw & Lateral G sensor, the wheel speed sensors attached to each wheel. Control of braking force/traction force/yaw moment. Fail-safe function. Self diagnosis function. Interface with the external diagnosis tester.
Installation position: engine compartment

Brake tube length from Master cylinder port to HECU inlet port should be max. 1m The position should not be close to the engine block and not lower than the wheel.
OPERATION The ECU shall be put into operation by switching on the operating voltage (IGN). On completion of the initialization phase, the ECU shall be ready for operation. In the operating condition, the ECU shall be ready, within the specified limits (voltage and temperature), to process the signals offered by the various sensors and switches in accordance with the control algorithm defined by the software and to control the hydraulic and electrical actuators. WHEEL SENSOR SIGNAL PROCESSING The ECU shall receive wheel speed signal from the four active wheel sensors. The wheel signals are converted to voltage signal by the signal conditioning circuit after receiving current signal from active wheel sensors and given as input to the MCU. SOLENOID VALVE CONTROL When one side of the valve coil is connected to the positive voltage that is provided through the valve relay and the other side is connected to the ground by the semiconductor circuit, the solenoid valve goes into operation. The electrical function of the coils are always monitored by the valve test pulse under normal operation conditions. VOLTAGE LIMITS
Overvoltage When overvoltage is detected (above 17 0.5 V), the ECU switches off the valve relay and shuts down the system.
2008 Kia Optima EX

When voltage is returned to operating range, the system goes back to the normal condition after the initialization phase.
Undervoltage In the event of undervoltage (below 9.5 0.5 V), ABS control shall be inhibited and the warning lamp shall be turned on. When voltage is returned to operating range, the warning lamp is switched off and ECU returns to normal operating mode.
PUMP MOTOR CHECKING The ECU performs a pump motor test at a speed of 12 km/h (7 MPH) once after IGN is switched on. DIAGNOSTIC INTERFACE Failures detected by the ECU are encoded on the ECU, stored in a EEPROM and read out by diagnostic equipment when the ignition switch is turned on. The diagnosis interface can also be used for testing the ECU during production of the ECU and for actuating the HCU in the test line of manufacturers factories (Air-bleeding line or Roll and Brake Test line). WARNING LAMP MODULE
Fig. 2: Locating ABS Warning Lamp Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 1. ABS Warning Lamp module The active ABS warning lamp module indicates the self-test and failure status of the ABS. The ABS warning lamp shall be on:

During the initialization phase after IGN ON. (continuously 3 seconds). In the event of inhibition of ABS functions by failure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

During diagnostic mode. When the ECU Connector is separated from ECU. 2. PARKING/EBD warning lamp module
The active EBD warning lamp module indicates the self-test and failure status of the EBD. However, in case the Parking Brake Switch is turned on, the EBD warning lamp is always turned on regardless of EBD functions. The EBD warning lamp shall be on:

During the initialization phase after IGN ON. (continuously 3 seconds). When the Parking Brake Switch is ON or brake fluid level is low. When the EBD function is out of order. During diagnostic mode. When the ECU Connector is separated from ECU.
ABS CONTROL
1. NORMAL BRAKING WITHOUT ABS Under the normal braking, voltage is not supplied to solenoid valve, inlet valve is opened and outlet valve is closed. When the brake is depressed, brake fluid is supplied to the wheel cylinder via solenoid valve to activate the brake. When the brake is released, brake fluid is back to the master cylinder via inlet valve and check valve. SOLENOID VALVE REFERENCE CHART Solenoid valve State Valve Passage Inlet valve (NO) OFF Open Master cylinder <=> Wheel cylinder Outlet valve (NC) OFF Close Wheel cylinder <=> Reservoir
Pump motor OFF
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 3: Normal Braking Without ABS-Wiring Diagram Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 2. DUMP MODE Under the emergency braking, if the wheels start to lock up, HECU sends a signal to the solenoid valve to decrease the brake fluid, then voltage is supplied to each solenoid. At this time inlet valve is closed and brake fluid is blocked from the master cylinder. Conversely outlet valve is opened and brake fluid passes through wheel cylinder to reservoir, resulting in pressure decrease. SOLENOID VALVE REFERENCE CHART Solenoid State Valve Passage Inlet valve (NO) ON Close Master cylinder <=> Wheel cylinder Outlet valve (NC) ON Open Wheel cylinder <=> Reservoir
Pump motor ON
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 4: Dump Mode-Wiring Diagram Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. HOLD MODE When the brake fluid pressure is maximally decreased in wheel cylinder, HECU sends a signal to solenoid valve to keep the fluid pressure, voltage is supplied to inlet valve but it is not supplied to outlet valve. At this time inlet and outlet valves are closed and brake fluid is kept in wheel cylinder. SOLENOID VALVE REFERENCE CHART Solenoid State Valve Passage Inlet valve (NO) ON Close Master cylinder <=> Wheel cylinder Outlet valve (NC) OFF Close Wheel cylinder <=> Reservoir
Pump motor OFF
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 5: Hold Mode-Wiring Diagram Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. INCREASE MODE If HECU determines there's no lock-up in the wheel, HECU cuts voltage to solenoid valve. So voltage is not supplied to each solenoid valve, brake fluid passes through the inlet valve to wheel cylinder, resulting in pressure increase. SOLENOID VALVE REFERENCE CHART Solenoid State Valve Passage Inlet valve (NO) OFF Open Master cylinder <=> Wheel cylinder Outlet valve (NC) OFF Close Wheel cylinder <=> Reservoir
Pump motor ON
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 6: Increase Mode-Wiring Diagram Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. ABS HECU EXTERNAL DIAGRAM
Fig. 7: Identifying ABS HECU External Components Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
2008 Kia Optima EX

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM
Fig. 8: Hydraulic System Diagram Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
ABS CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 9: ABS Circuit Diagram (1 Of 2) Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 10: ABS Circuit Diagram (2 Of 2) Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. ABS CONNECTOR INPUT/OUTPUT
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 11: Identifying ABS Connector Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. CONNECTOR TERMINAL REFERENCE Connector Terminal No Description
Specification Over voltage range: 16.5 0.5 V < V Operating voltage range: 9.5 0.5 V < V < 16.5 0.5 V Low voltage range: 7.0 0.5 V < V < 9.5 0.5 V Max. current: I < 300 mA Max leakage current: I < 0.8 mA Operating voltage range: 9.5 0.5 V < V < 16.5 0.5 V Max current: I < 30 A Operating voltage range: 9.5 0.5 V < V < 16.5 0.5 V Rush current: I < 100 A Max current: I < 30 A (lower 250 W motor) I < 40 A (higher 250 W motor) Max leakage current: I < 0.2 mA Rated current: I < 300 mA Max. current: I < 30 A Rush current: I < 100 A Max current: I < 30 A Input voltage low: 0 V < or = V < or = 3.0 V Input voltage High: 7.0 V < or = V < or = 16.0 V Max. current: I < 200 mA Max. output low voltage: V < 1.2 V

IGNITION1 (+)
25
POS. BATTERY. (SOLENOID)
POS, BATTERY. (MOTOR)
8 24 18 16 1 19 5 23 2
GROUND PUMP MOTOR GROUND BRAKE LIGHT SWITCH ABS/EBD W/LAMP DRIVE SENSOR FRONT LEFT POWER SENSOR FRONT RIGHT POWER SENSOR REAR LEFT POWER SENSOR REAR RIGHT POWER SENSOR FRONT LEFT SIGNAL
Output voltage: IGN [V] 1V Output current: Max 30mA
Input current LOW: 5.9-8.4 mA
2008 Kia Optima EX

20 6 22
SENSOR FRONT RIGHT SIGNAL SENSOR REAR LEFT SIGNAL SENSOR REAR RIGHT SIGNAL
DIAGNOSIS INPUT/OUTPUT
Input current HIGH: 11.8-16.8 mA Frequency range: 1-2000 Hz Input duty: 50 20 % Input voltage: VI_L < 0.3 IGN[V] VI_H > 0.7 IGN[V] Output voltage: VO_L < 0.2 IGN[V] VO_H > 0.8 IGN[V]
10 11
CAN BUS LINE (LOW) CAN BUS LINE (HIGH)
Max. current: I < 10 mA
SCAN TOOL CHECK

1. Turn the ignition switch OFF. 2. Connector the scan tool to the 16P data link connector located the driver's side kick panel.
Fig. 12: Locating & Identifying Data Link Connector Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Turn the ignition switch ON. 4. Check for diagnostic trouble using the scan tool 5. After completion trouble of the repair or correction of the problem, erase the stored fault codes the clear
2008 Kia Optima EX

key on the scan tool. 6. Disconnect the scan tool from the 16P data link connector.
STANDARD FLOW OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLESHOOTING
Fig. 13: Diagnostic Troubleshooting Flow Chart Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. The phenomena listed in the following table are not abnormal. NOTES WITH REGARD TO DIAGNOSIS Phenomenon Explanation System check sound When starting the engine, a thudding sound can sometimes be heard coming from inside the engine compartment. This is because the system operation check is being performed. ABS operation sound 1. Sound of the motor inside the ABS hydraulic unit operation (whine). 2. Sound is generated along with vibration of the brake pedal (scraping). 3. When ABS operates, sound is generated from the vehicle chassis due to repeated brake application and release (Thump: suspension; squeak: tires) ABS operation (Long For road surfaces such as snow-covered and gravel roads, the braking distance braking distance) for vehicles with ABS can sometimes be longer than that for other vehicles. Accordingly, advise the customer to drive safely on such roads by lowering the vehicle speed. Diagnosis detection conditions can vary depending on the diagnosis code. When checking the trouble
2008 Kia Optima EX

symptom after the diagnosis code has been erased, ensure that the requirements listed in "Comment" are met.
PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE

If a normal code is displayed during the DTC check but the problem still occurs, check the circuits for each problem symptom in the order given in the table below and proceed to the relevant troubleshooting page. SYMPTOMS CHART Symptom ABS DOES NOT OPERATE.
Suspect Area Only when 1. -4. are all normal and the problem is still occurring, replace the HECU. 1. Check the DTC reconfirming that the normal code is output. 2. Power source circuit. 3. Speed sensor circuit. 4. Check the hydraulic circuit for leakage. Only when 1. -4. are all normal and the problem is still occurring, replace the ABS actuator assembly. 1. Check the DTC reconfirming that the normal code is output. 2. Wheel speed sensor circuit. 3. Stop lamp switch circuit. 4. Check the hydraulic circuit for leakage.
ABS DOES NOT OPERATE INTERMITTENTLY.
COMMUNICATION WITH SCAN TOOL IS NOT POSSIBLE. (Communication with any system is not possible) COMMUNICATION WITH SCAN TOOL IS NOT POSSIBLE. (Communication with ABS only is not possible) WHEN IGNITION KEY IS TURNED ON (ENGINE OFF), THE ABS WARNING LAMP DOES NOT LIGHT UP. EVEN AFTER THE ENGINE IS STARTED, THE ABS WARNING LAMP REMAINS ON.
1. Power source circuit 2. Diagnosis line 1. Power source circuit 2. Diagnosis line 3. HECU 1. ABS warning lamp circuit 2. HECU 1. ABS warning lamp circuit 2. HECU
CAUTION: During ABS operation, the brake pedal may vibrate or may not be able to
2008 Kia Optima EX

be depressed. Such phenomena are due to intermittent changes in hydraulic pressure inside the brake line to prevent the wheels from locking and is not an abnormality. ABS DOES NOT OPERATE
DETECTING CONDITION
SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms Possible Cause
Brake operation varies depending on driving conditions and road surface conditions, so diagnosis can be difficult. However if a normal DTC is displayed, check the following probable cause. When the problem is still occurring, replace the ABS control module.
Faulty power source circuit Faulty wheel speed sensor circuit Faulty hydraulic circuit for leakage Faulty HECU
INSPECTION PROCEDURES
DTC INSPECTION
1. Connect the scan tool with the data link connector and turn the ignition switch ON. 2. Verify that the normal code is output. Is the normal code output? NO : --> Check the power source circuit. YES : --> Erase the DTC and recheck using scan tool.
CHECK THE POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT
1. Disconnect the connector from the ABS control module. 2. Turn the ignition switch ON, measure the voltage between terminal 4 of the ABS control module harness side connector and body ground. Specification: approximately B+ Is the voltage within specification? YES : --> Check the ground circuit. NO : --> Check the harness or connector between the fuse (10A) in the engine compartment junction block and the ABS control module. Repair if necessary.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 14: Checking Power Source Circuit Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
CHECK THE GROUND CIRCUIT
1. Disconnect the connector from the ABS control module. 2. Check for continuity between terminals 8, 24 of the ABS control module harness side connector and ground point. Is there continuity? YES : --> Check the wheel speed sensor circuit. NO : --> Repair an open in the wire and ground point.
Fig. 15: Checking Ground Circuit Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUIT
Refer to the DTC troubleshooting procedures. Is it normal?
2008 Kia Optima EX

YES : --> Check the hydraulic circuit for leakage. NO : --> Repair or replace the wheel speed sensor.
CHECK THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR LEAKAGE
Refer to BRAKE LINE . Inspect leakage of the hydraulic lines. Is it normal? YES : --> The problem is still occurring, replace the ABS control module. NO : --> Repair the hydraulic lines for leakage. ABS DOES NOT OPERATE (INTERMITTENTLY)
DETECTING CONDITION
Brake operation varies depending on driving conditions and road surface conditions, so diagnosis can be difficult. However if a normal DTC is displayed, check the following probable cause. When the problem is still occurring, replace the ABS control module.
Faulty power source circuit Faulty wheel speed sensor circuit Faulty hydraulic circuit for leakage Faulty HECU
DTC INSPECTION
1. Connect the scan tool with the data link connector and turn the ignition switch ON. 2. Verify that the normal code is output. Is the normal code output? NO : --> Check the wheel speed sensor circuit. YES : --> Erase the DTC and recheck using scan tool.
CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUIT
Refer to the DTC troubleshooting procedures .
2008 Kia Optima EX

Is it normal? YES : --> Check the stop lamp switch circuit. NO : --> Repair or replace the wheel speed sensor.
CHECK THE STOP LAMP SWITCH CIRCUIT
1. Check that stop lamp lights up when brake pedal is depressed and turns off when brake pedal is released. 2. Measure the voltage between terminal 18 of the ABS control module harness side connector and body ground when brake pedal is depressed. Specification: approximately B+ Is the voltage within specification? YES : --> Check the hydraulic circuit for leakage. NO : --> Repair the stop lamp switch. Repair an open in the wire between the ABS control module and the stop lamp switch.
Fig. 16: Checking Stop Lamp Switch Circuit Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
CHECK THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR LEAKAGE
Refer to BRAKE LINE . Inspect leakage of the hydraulic lines. Is it normal? YES : --> The problem is still occurring, replace the ABS control module. NO : --> Repair the hydraulic lines for leakage.
2008 Kia Optima EX

COMMUNICATION WITH SCAN-TOOL IS NOT POSSIBLE (COMMUNICATION WITH ANY SYSTEM IS NOT POSSIBLE)
DETECTING CONDITION
SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms
Possible Cause

Possible malfunction in the power supply system (including ground) for the diagnosis line.
An open in the wire Poor ground Faulty power source circuit
CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS
Measure the voltage between terminal 9 of the data link connector and body ground. Specification: approximately B+ Is voltage within specification? YES : --> Check the ground circuit for the diagnosis. NO : --> Repair an open in the wire. Check and replace fuse (15A) from the engine compartment junction block.
Fig. 17: Checking Voltage Between DLC Terminal No. 9 & Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
CHECK THE GROUND CIRCUIT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS
Check for continuity between terminal 5 of the data link connector and body ground. Is there continuity?
2008 Kia Optima EX

NO : --> Repair an open in the wire between terminal 5 of the data link connector and ground point.
Fig. 18: Checking Continuity Between DLC Terminal No. 5 & Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. COMMUNICATION WITH SCAN TOOL IS NOT POSSIBLE (COMMUNICATION WITH ABS ONLY IS NOT POSSIBLE)
DETECTING CONDITION
When communication with scan tool is not possible, the cause may be probably an open in the HECU power circuit or an open in the diagnosis output circuit.
An open in the wire Faulty HECU Faulty power source circuit
CHECK FOR CONTINUITY IN THE DIAGNOSIS LINE
1. Disconnect the connector from the ABS control module. 2. Check for continuity between terminals 7 of the ABS control module connector and 1 of the data link connector. Is there continuity? YES : --> Check the power source of ABS control module. NO : --> Repair an open in the wire.
CHECK THE POWER SOURCE OF ABS CONTROL MODULE
2008 Kia Optima EX

1. Disconnect the connector from the ABS control module. 2. Turn the ignition switch ON, measure the voltage between terminal 4 of the ABS control module harness side connector and body ground. Specification: approximately B+ Is voltage within specification? YES : --> Check for poor ground. NO : --> Check the harness or connector between the fuse (10A) in the engine compartment junction block and the ABS control module. Repair if necessary.
Fig. 19: Checking Connector Between Fuse Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
CHECK FOR POOR GROUND
Check for continuity between terminal 5 of the data link connector and ground point. YES : --> Replace the ABS control module and recheck. NO : --> Repair an open in the wire or poor ground.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 20: Checking Continuity Between DLC Terminal No. 5 & Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. WHEN IGNITION KEY IS TURNED ON (ENGINE OFF), THE ABS WARNING LAMP DOES NOT LIGHT UP
DETECTING CONDITION
SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms
Possible Cause Faulty ABS warning lamp bulb Blown fuse is related to ABS in the engine compartment junction block Faulty ABS warning lamp module Faulty HECU
When current flows in the HECU the ABS warning lamp turns from ON to OFF as the initial check. Therefore if the lamp does not light up, the cause may be an open in the lamp power supply circuit, a blown bulb, an open in the both circuits between the ABS warning lamp and the HECU, and the faulty HECU.
PROBLEM VERIFICATION
Disconnect the connector from the ABS control module and turn the ignition switch ON. Does the ABS warning lamp light up? YES : --> It is normal. Recheck the ABS control module. NO : --> Check the power source for the ABS warning lamp.
CHECK THE POWER SOURCE FOR THE ABS WARNING LAMP
1. Disconnect the instrument cluster connector (M03-1) and turn the ignition switch ON. 2. Measure the voltage between terminal (M03-1) 16 of the cluster harness side connector and body ground. Specification: approximately B+ Is voltage within specification? YES : --> Repair bulb or instrument cluster assembly. NO : --> Check for blown fuse.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 21: Check Power Source For ABS Warning Lamp Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
CHECK FOR BLOWN FUSE
Check continuity of fuse (10A) from the engine compartment junction block. Is there continuity? YES : --> Repair an open in the wire between ABS fuse and 12 of cluster connector. NO : --> Replace the blown fuse. EVEN AFTER THE ENGINE IS STARTED, THE ABS WARNING LAMP REMAINS ON
DETECTING CONDITION
If the HECU detects trouble, it lights the ABS warning lamp while at the same time prohibiting ABS control. At this time, the HECU records a DTC in memory. Even though the normal code is output, the ABS warning lamp remains ON, then the cause may be probably an open or short in the ABS warning lamp circuit.
An open in the wire Faulty instrument cluster assembly Faulty ABS warning lamp module Faulty HECU
CHECK DTC OUTPUT.
2008 Kia Optima EX

1. Connect the scan tool to the 16P data link connector located behind the driver's side kick panel. 2. Check the DTC output using scan tool. Is DTC output? NO : --> Repair circuit indicated by code output. YES : --> Check instrument cluster.
CHECK INSTRUMENT CLUSTER
Disconnect the cluster connector and turn the ignition switch ON. Does the ABS warning lamp remains ON? YES : --> Replace the instrument cluster. NO : --> Check for open the wire.
CHECK FOR OPEN IN THE WIRE
Check for continuity in the wire between cluster and ABS control module. Is there continuity? YES : --> Replace the ABS control module and recheck. NO : --> Repair an open in the wire between cluster and ABS control module.
BLEEDING OF BRAKE SYSTEM
This procedure should be followed to ensure adequate bleeding of air and filling of the ABS unit, brake lines and master cylinder with brake fluid. 1. Remove the reservoir cap and fill the brake reservoir with brake fluid. CAUTION: If there is any brake fluid on any painted surface, wash it off immediately. NOTE: When pressure bleeding, do not depress the brake pedal. Recommended fluid - DOT3
2. Connect a clear plastic tube to the wheel cylinder bleeder plug and insert the other end of the tube into a half filled clear plastic bottle. 3. Connect the scan tool to the data link connector located underneath the dash panel.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 22: Connecting Scan Tool To DLC Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Select and operate according to the instructions on the scan tool screen. CAUTION: You must obey the maximum operating time of the ABS motor with the scan tool to prevent the motor pump from burning. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Select KIA vehicle diagnosis. Select vehicle name. Select Anti-Lock Brake system. Select air bleeding mode. Press "YES" to operate motor pump and solenoid valve.
Fig. 23: Air Bleeding Mode Display Screen Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 6. Wait 60 sec. before operating the air bleeding. If not, you may damage the motor.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 24: Air Bleeding Mode Display Screen Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Pump the brake pedal several times, and then loosen the bleeder screw until fluid starts to run out without bubbles. Then close the bleeder screw.
Fig. 25: Identifying Bleeder Screw Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 6. Repeat step 5 until there are no more bubbles in the fluid for each wheel.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 26: Brake Bleeding Sequence Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 7. Tighten the bleeder screw. Bleed screw tightening torque: 6.86-12.74 N.m (0.7 -1.3 kgf.m, 5.09-9.45 lb-ft)
ABS CHECK SHEET
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 27: ABS Check Sheet Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART (DTC)

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART DTC C1101 Trouble description Battery voltage high Warning lamp EBD ABS ESC o o o Remarks
2008 Kia Optima EX

C1102 C1112 C1200 C1201 C1202 C1203 C1204 C1205 C1206 C1207 C1208 C1209 C1210 C1211 C1235 C1237 C1259 C1260 C1282 C1283 C1503 C1513 C1604 C1605 C1611 C1612 C1613 C1616 C2112 C2227 C2380 C2402
Battery voltage low Sensor power voltage Wheel speed sensor front-LH open/short Wheel speed sensor front-LH range/performance/intermittent Wheel speed sensor front-LH invalid/no signal Wheel speed sensor front-RH open/short Wheel speed sensor front-RH range/performance/intermittent Wheel speed sensor front-RH invalid/no signal Wheel speed sensor rear-LH open/short Wheel speed sensor rear-LH range/performance/intermittent Wheel speed sensor rear-LH invalid/no signal Wheel speed sensor rear-RH open/short Wheel speed sensor rear-RH range/performance/intermittent Wheel speed sensor rear-RH invalid/no signal Primary pressure sensor-electrical Primary pressure sensor-signal Steering sensor-electrical Steering sensor circuit-signal Yaw rate & lateral G sensor-electrical Yaw rate & lateral G sensor-signal ESC switch error Brake switch error ECU hardware error CAN hardware error CAN time-out EMS CAN time-out TCU CAN wrong message CAN bus off Valve relay error Excessive temperature of brake disc ABS/ESC valve error Motor electrical
X/o X X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X/o X X X X X X X X o X X X X X o X o X
o X o o o o o o o o o o o o X X X X X X X X o X X X X X o X o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
ESC
ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC
2008 Kia Optima EX

DTC C1101 BATTERY VOLTAGE HIGH

COMPONENT LOCATION
Fig. 28: Locating & Identifying Battery Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU (Electronic Control Unit) checks the battery voltage to determine, as a safety issue, whether the ABS system can operate normally or not. The normal battery voltage range is essential for controlling the ABS system as intended.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU monitors battery voltage by reading the value of voltage. When the voltage is higher than the expected normal value, this code is set, and the ABS/EBD/ESC functions are prohibited. If the voltage recovers, to within normal operating ranges, then the controller returns to normal operation as well.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Battery Voltage Monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When V_IGN > 17 0.5 V is continued for 500msec. If V_IGN is recovered to normal operating voltage, the controller is reset.
Poor connection in power supply circuit (IGN+) Faulty Alternator Faulty HECU
Enable Conditions
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fail Safe
System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
TERMINAL AND CONNECTOR INSPECTION
1. Many malfunctions in the electrical system are caused by poor harness (es) and terminal conditions. Faults can also be caused by interference from other electrical systems, and mechanical or chemical damage. 2. Thoroughly check connectors for looseness, poor connection, bending, corrosion, contamination, deterioration, or damage. 3. Has a problem been found? YES : --> Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Go to next step.
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE INSPECTION
1. Engine "ON". 2. Measure voltage between the battery terminal (+) and the battery terminal (-). Specification: 14.4 0.5 V (20C (68F))
Fig. 29: Measuring Voltage Between Battery Terminals Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "POWER CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection between alternator and battery. If OK repair or replace alternator and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

POWER CIRCUIT INSPECTION
1. Engine "ON". 2. Measure voltage between the battery terminal (+) and terminal "4" of the HECU harness connector. Specification: Approx. below 0.2 V
Fig. 30: Measuring Voltage Between Battery & HECU Harness Connector Terminal No. 4 Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection between the battery terminal (+) and terminal "4" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Disconnect HECU connector. 3. Measure resistance between terminal "8, 24 (ESC: 16, 47)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. below 1ohms
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 31: Measuring Resistance Between HECU Harness Connector Terminals & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection between terminal "8, 24 (ESC: 16, 47)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
COMPONENT INSPECTION
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Engine "ON". 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by poor connection in power harness (IGN+), faulty Alternator and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR
After a repair, it is essential to verify that the fault has been corrected. 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect scan tool and select "Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)" mode. Using a scan tool, Clear DTC. Operate the vehicle within DTC Detecting Condition. See DTC DETECTING CONDITION. Are any DTCs present ? YES : --> Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> System performing to specification at this time. DTC C1102 BATTERY VOLTAGE LOW
COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1101.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU (Electronic Control Unit) checks the battery voltage to determine, as a safety issue, whether the
2008 Kia Optima EX

ABS system can operate normally or not. The normal battery voltage range is essential for controlling the ABS system as intended.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU monitors the battery voltage by reading the value of voltage. When the voltage is lower than the expected normal value, this code is set. The ABS/ESC functions are prohibited and the EBD function is allowed on LOW VOLTAGE CONDITION, the ABS/EBD/ESC functions are prohibited on UNDER VOLTAGE CONDITION. If the voltage recovers, to within normal operating ranges, then the controller returns to normal operations as well.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Battery Voltage Monitoring Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Enable Conditions
When Vign < 9.5 V 0.5 V is continued for 500 msec during Vref > = 7 Km/h (4.3 mph). When Vign < 8.5 V 0.5 V is continued for 500msec during Vref < 7 Km/h (4.3 mph) or ABS/ESC control. If IGN voltage is recovered to normal operating voltage, the system recovers to normal state. Outside the ABS control cycle: inhibit the ABS/ESC control of front wheels and allow the ABS/ESC control of rear wheels, deactivating the motor and the ABS/ESC warning lamps are directly switched on. When the voltage recovers the normal operating range, enable ABS/ESC functions and warning lamps are switched off and erase the error code. Inside the ABS control cycle: inhibit the ABS/ESC control of front wheels and allow the ABS/ESC control of rear wheels, deactivating the motor. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are switched on directly and kept on in a continuous state. The error code is always stored. When Vign < 7.2 V 0.5 V is continued for 56 msec. If IGN voltage is recovered to normal operating voltage, the system recovers to normal state.
Case1 (Low voltage) Fail Safe
Poor connection in power supply circuit (IGN+) Faulty HECU
Enable Conditions
2008 Kia Optima EX

Case2 (Under voltage)
Fail Safe
System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF" Disconnect HECU connector. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". Measure voltage between terminal "4" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. B+
Fig. 32: Measuring Voltage Between HECU Harness Connector Terminal No. 4 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection between the battery terminal (+) and terminal "4" of the HECU harness connector. Check for open or blown 10A ABS fuse. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101.

2008 Kia Optima EX

Refer to DTC C1101.

Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1112 SENSOR POWER VOLTAGE

COMPONENT LOCATION
Fig. 33: Identifying Sensor Power Component Location Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The HECU supplies operating voltage with pressure sensor in master cylinder & lateral G sensor. The HECU monitors supply voltage of each sensor for normal ESC control. If supply voltage is out of specified range ESC warning lamps are turned on and ESC controls are inhibited.
DTC DESCRIPTION
A failure is detected if the external sensor supply voltage is out of the specified range for more than the specified min. fault duration.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Voltage monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode
2008 Kia Optima EX

Enable Conditions
During sensor power ON, If the voltage of sensor power is out of the range of 5 0.5 V for 500 ms. During sensor power OFF, If the voltage of sensor power is out of the range of 0.5 0.1 V for 500 ms. If the YAW or lateral sensor signal pin has a short circuit to a battery. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "3" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. 5 V
Fig. 34: Measuring Voltage Between Yaw Rate & Lateral G Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 3 & Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to step 4. NO : --> Check for short to GND or short to B+ in the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness between terminal "3" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and terminal "36" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

4. Measure voltage between terminal "2" of the pressure sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. 5 V
Fig. 35: Measuring Voltage Between Pressure Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 2 & Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for short to GND or short to B+ in the pressure sensor harness between terminal "2" of the pressure sensor harness connector and terminal "37" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Engine "ON". 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1200 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FRONT-LH OPEN/SHORT; DTC C1203 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FRONT-RH OPEN/SHORT; DTC C1206 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR REAR-LH OPEN/SHORT; DTC C1209 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR REAR-RH OPEN/SHORT
2008 Kia Optima EX

COMPONENT LOCATION
Fig. 36: Locating Wheel Speed Sensor Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The wheel speed sensor is the essential component the ABS ECU uses to calculate vehicle speed and to determine whether wheel lock occurs. For example, rear wheel speed signal is used as a reference value, for vehicle speed, in front wheel drive vehicles, and if a difference between front and rear wheel speed occurs, then ABS control is performed. Wheel speed sensor is active hall-sensor type and good at temperature and noise tolerance. Digital wave is produced as tone wheel rotate according as hall sensor principle. Frequency of duty wave is changed in proportion to rotation of tone wheel and HECU calculate vehicle speed by this frequency.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU monitors the wheel speed sensor circuit continuously. If the sensor signal current is continuously out of the specified range for 140 msec, then the HECU determines that the circuit is open/short, and sets this code. Warning lamp is turned OFF if the detected fault is not more than when the IG KEY is turned to ON again, and wheel speeds are more than 10 Km/h (6.2 mph).
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Current Monitoring Strategy

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When the sensor signal current is continuously out of the specified
Enable
2008 Kia Optima EX

Conditions
range of 4 mA 10% to 22 mA 10% for 140msec. Sensor failure outside of the ABS control cycle 1. Only one wheel failure: Only the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 2. More than two wheels failure: System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated. Sensor failure inside the ABS control cycle 1. One front wheel failure: Inhibit the ABS/ESC control of the failed-wheel and maintain the ABS/ESC control of normal wheel. After the ABS/ESC control, the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 2. Failure at one rear wheel: ABS/ESC control of both front wheels are inhibited and the pressure of both rear wheels are decreased. After the controller completes the ABS/ESC control, the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 3. More than 2 wheels failure: System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
Fail Safe
Open or short of Wheel speed sensor circuit Faulty Wheel speed sensor Faulty HECU
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "1" of the wheel speed sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. B+
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 37: Measuring Voltage Between Wheel Speed Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 1 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "SIGNAL CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short to GND in wheel speed sensor harness between terminal 1 of the wheel speed sensor harness connector and terminal of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. DTC CHART DTC DTC C1200 DTC C1203 DTC C1206 DTC C1209
SIGNAL CIRCUIT INSPECTION
HECU connector harness terminal 1 (ESC: 46)-FL 19 (ESC: 45)-FR 5 (ESC: 44)-RL 23 (ESC: 43)-RR
1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Turn the wheel slowly with hand. 3. Measure voltage between terminal "2, 20, 6, 22 (ESC: 15, 30, 14, 29)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. High: 1.18-1.68 V, Low: 0.59-0.84 V
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 38: Measuring Voltage Between HECU Harness Connector Terminals & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. DTC CHART DTC C1200 2 (ESC: 15)-FL DTC C1203 20 (ESC: 30)-FR DTC C1206 6 (ESC: 14)-RL DTC C1209 22 (ESC: 29)-RR 4. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short to GND in wheel speed sensor harness between terminal "2" of the wheel speed sensor harness connector and terminal "2, 20, 6, 22 (ESC: 15, 30, 14, 29)" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, substitute with a known-good Wheel speed sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace Wheel speed sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF". Engine "ON". Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 10km/h or more (6mph or more). Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open or short of wheel speed sensor harness, faulty wheel speed sensor and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
After a repair, it is essential to verify that the fault has been corrected. 1. Connect scan tool and select "Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)" mode. 2. Using a scan tool, Clear DTC. 3. Operate the vehicle within DTC Detecting Condition. See DTC DETECTING CONDITION. Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 10 km/h or more (6.2 mph or more). 4. Are any DTCs present ? YES : --> Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> System performing to specification at this time. DTC C1201 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FRONT-LH RANGE/PERFORMANCE/INTERMITTENT; DTC C1204 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FRONT-RH RANGE/PERFORMANCE/INTERMITTENT; DTC C1207 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR REAR-LH RANGE/PERFORMANCE/INTERMITTENT; DTC C1210 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR REAR-RH RANGE/PERFORMANCE/INTERMITTENT
COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1200.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1200.

DTC DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU monitors the wheel speed sensor signal continuously. This code is set if an abnormal speed change ratio is detected while the vehicle speed is more than 2 Km/h (1.2 mph). Warning lamp is turned OFF if the detected fault is not more than when the IG KEY is turned to ON again, and wheel speeds are more than 10 Km/h.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item DTC Strategy
Detecting Condition
Possible cause
Signal monitoring Outside the ABS control cycle
2008 Kia Optima EX

Detect Mode
Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode
Case1 (Wrong Exciter)
Max. wheel velocity exceeds 20 km/h (12.4 mph) and the wheel velocity is 40% of max. wheel velocity. if this condition is lasted for 2 minutes. Max. wheel velocity exceeds 40 km/h (24.9 mph) and the wheel velocity is 60% of max. wheel velocity. if this condition is lasted for 2 minutes. Controller counts the number of the wheel acceleration of 100 g [25 km/h (15.5 mph) for 7 ms]. When the numbers at one wheel exceed 56 times, or When the numbers at more two wheels exceed 5 times, controller recognize the failure. Controller counts the number of the wheel acceleration of 70 g [17.5 km/h (10.9 mph) for 7 ms]. When the numbers at one wheel exceed 126 times, or When the numbers at more two wheels exceed 20 times, controller recognize the failure. Controller counts the number of the wheel deceleration of -100 g [25 km/h (-15.5 mph) for 7 ms]. When the numbers at
Enable Conditions
2008 Kia Optima EX

Case2 (Speed Jump)
each wheel exceed 56 times, controller recognize the failure. The wheel deceleration of -100 g [-25 km/h (-15.5 mph) for 7 ms] causes the controller to start monitoring this failure and to compare the wheel velocity with the vehicle velocity from next cycle. When its difference of 100 g is continued for more than 140 msec, controller recognize the failure. n case that any sensor failure at other wheel was already detected, When the numbers of 100 g at each wheel exceed 5 times, or When the numbers of 70 g at each wheel exceed 20 times, controller recognize the failure. The counter of speed jump is cleared every 30 min.
Sensor failure outside of the ABS control cycle 1. Only one wheel failure: Only the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated 2. More than two wheels failure: System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The
Improper installation of wheel speed sensor Abnormal Rotor and wheel bearing Faulty Wheel speed sensor Faulty HECU
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fail Safe
ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated. Sensor failure inside the ABS control cycle 1. One front wheel failure: Inhibit the ABS/ESC control of the failed-wheel and maintain the ABS/ESC control of normal wheel. After the ABS/ESC control, the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 2. Failure at one rear wheel: ABS/ESC control of both front wheels are inhibited and the pressure of both rear wheels are decreased. After the controller completes the ABS/ESC control, the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 3. More than 2 wheels failure: System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
MONITOR SCAN TOOL DATA
1. 2. 3. 4.
Connect scan tool to Data Link Connector (DLC) Engine "ON". Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 40 km/h or more (24.9 mph or more) Monitor the "Wheel speed sensor" parameter on the scan tool. Specification: Approx. 40 km/h or more (24.9 mph or more)
2008 Kia Optima EX

5. Is parameter displayed within specifications? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty wheel speed sensor and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Repair or replace as necessary and then go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for improper installation of wheel speed sensor. If NG, repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> Check for damage of rotor teeth or wheel bearing. If NG, repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> Substitute with a known-good Wheel speed sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace Wheel speed sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Engine "ON". 3. Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 40 km/h or more (24.9 mph or more). 4. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty wheel speed sensor and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
After a repair, it is essential to verify that the fault has been corrected. 1. Connect scan tool and select "Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)" mode. 2. Using a scan tool, Clear DTC. 3. Operate the vehicle within DTC Detecting Condition. See DTC DETECTING CONDITION. Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 40 km/h or more (24.9 mph or more). 4. Are any DTCs present ? YES : --> Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> System performing to specification at this time.
2008 Kia Optima EX

DTC C1202 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FRONT-LH INVALID/NO SIGNAL; DTC C1205 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR FRONT-RH INVALID/NO SIGNAL; DTC C1208 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR REARLH INVALID/NO SIGNAL; DTC C1211 WHEEL SPEED SENSOR REAR-RH INVALID/NO SIGNAL
COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1200.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1200.

DTC DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU monitors the wheel speed sensor signal continuously. This code is set when the sensor air gap is out of specified range or when the ABS control cycle is continued abnormally. The HECU checks for air gap malfunctioning by monitoring the sensor signal at speeds between 2 Km/h (1.2 mph) to 10 Km/h (6.2 mph). Warning lamp is turned OFF if the detected fault is not more than when the IG KEY is turned to ON again, and wheel speeds are more than 10 Km/h (6.2 mph).
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Signal monitoring Detect Mode

Possible cause
Outside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When the minimum wheel velocity is 2 km/h (1.2 mph) and the velocity of other wheels exceed 10 km/h (6.2 mph) with the acceleration of < 0.4g, the controller start comparing the velocity of other wheels except the min. wheel. if their difference below 4 km/h (2.5 mph) is continued for 140 msec, Otherwise, if their difference beyond 4 km/h (2.5 mph) or > 0.4 g is continued for 2 minutes. In < 0.4 g, when the velocity of more two wheels is 2 km/h (1.2 mph) and the max. wheel velocity exceeds 10 km/h (6.2 mph) the condition is continued for 20 sec. Otherwise, In > 0.4 g, the condition is 2 minutes. After velocity of 4 wheel exceeds 10km/h (6.2 mph), when velocity of 1 wheel or 2 wheel is 2 km/h (1.2 mph) and difference of other 2 wheel velocity is less than 4 km/h (2.5 mph) under that those velocity is more than 10 km/h (6.2 mph), if that conditions are continued for 12
Case1 (Large Air-gap)
Enable Conditions
2008 Kia Optima EX

seconds. This monitoring is performed for the period that the minimum velocity rises from 2 km/h (1.2 mph) to 10 km/h (6.2 mph). Detect Case2 Mode (long term Enable ABS Conditions mode)

Inside the ABS control cycle During the ABS control cycle, if the wheel velocity of 2 km/h (1.2 mph) is lasted for more than 12 sec. If the ABS control cycle is continued for more than 36 sec. Sensor failure outside of the ABS control cycle 1. Only one wheel failure: Only the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated 2. More than two wheels failure: System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated. Sensor failure inside the ABS control cycle 1. One front wheel failure: Inhibit the ABS/ESC control of the failed-wheel and maintain the ABS/ESC control of normal wheel. After the ABS/ESC control, the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 2. Failure at one rear wheel: ABS/ESC control of both front wheels are inhibited and the pressure of both rear wheels are decreased. After the controller completes the ABS/ESC control, the ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. 3. More than 2 wheels failure: System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
Fail Safe
Improper installation of wheel speed sensor Abnormal Rotor and wheel bearing Faulty Wheel speed sensor Faulty HECU
MONITOR SCAN TOOL DATA
1. Connect scan tool to Data Link Connector (DLC)
2008 Kia Optima EX

2. Engine "ON". 3. Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 10 km/h or more (6.2mph or more) 4. Monitor the "Wheel speed sensor" parameter on the scan tool. Specification: Approx. 10km/h or more (6.2mph or more) 5. Is parameter displayed within specifications? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty wheel speed sensor and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Repair or replace as necessary and then go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for improper installation of wheel speed sensor. If NG, repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> Check for damage of rotor teeth or wheel bearing. If NG, repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> Substitute with a known-good Wheel speed sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace Wheel speed sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1200.

Refer to DTC C1200. DTC C1235 PRESSURE SENSOR (PRIMARY) - ELECTRICAL

COMPONENT LOCATION
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 39: Locating Pressure Sensor Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The one pressure sensor, installed in the master cylinder, sense the brake oil pressure to judge driver's brake intention when ESC is operating. If pressure of master cylinder is applied to pressure sensor, the strain of the piezo element is changed and then the resistance of bridge circuit is changed according to changed strain. Therefore this changed resistance changes output voltage of bridge circuit and output voltage changes linearly. The sensor output is a analog signal in proportion to supply voltage, and the HECU recognizes a pressure value according to signal ratio about supply voltage.
DTC DESCRIPTION
Each unfiltered input signal voltage is monitored to be in the range of 0.2V 0.1 V < input signal voltage < 4.8V 0.1 V. A failure is detected if the output signal value is out of specified range for more than 1s or pressure sensor self test form is against to specification during self test.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Voltage Monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode Case1 Enable Conditions Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode Vmcp > 4.8 0.1 V or Vmcp < 0.2 0.1 V continue 1 sec. The monitoring starts 1sec after power up. Initial Check
Open or short of
2008 Kia Optima EX

Enable Case2 Conditions
When sensor self test form is against to sensor specification. The monitoring starts 1sec after power up. Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode While the vehicle is stopped after driving over 40kph for 3 times, If predefined value of pressure signal is not detected, ECU detect the failure after sensor self test. The monitoring starts 1 sec after power up. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
pressure sensor circuit Faulty pressure sensor Faulty HECU
Detect Mode Case3 Enable Conditions
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "2" of the pressure sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. 5 V
Fig. 40: Measuring Voltage Between Pressure Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 2 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications?
2008 Kia Optima EX

NO : --> Check for open or short to GND in pressure sensor harness between terminal "2" of the pressure sensor harness connector and terminal "37" of the ESC HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Disconnect pressure sensor connector. 3. Measure resistance between terminal "3" of the pressure sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. below 1ohms
Fig. 41: Measuring Resistance Between Pressure Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 3 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "SIGNAL CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in pressure sensor harness between terminal "3" of the pressure sensor harness connector and terminal "28" of the ESC HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "1" of the pressure sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: 0.2 0.1 V-4.8 0.1 V
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 42: Measuring Voltage Between Pressure Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 1 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in pressure sensor harness between terminal "1" of the pressure sensor harness connector and terminal "12" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, substitute with a known-good pressure sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace pressure sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Engine "ON". 3. Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 40 km/h or more (24 mph or more) and then put on the brake three times. 4. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open or short of pressure sensor harness, faulty pressure sensor and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1201. DTC C1237 PRESSURE SENSOR-OTHER
2008 Kia Optima EX

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1235.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1235.

DTC DESCRIPTION
The failure is detected if the pressure sensor signal noise is out of normal range, or the pressure sensor signal is changed abnormally, or In spite of no brake switch signal, master cylinder pressure exceeds 20 bar when brake switch is normal.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Voltage Monitoring Strategy
Possible cause
Detect Mode
Outside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode If input signal is noisy, Which the gradient of the sensor signal is larger than 15 bar over 25 times in 2 sec, ECU detect the failure. Outside an ABS/ESC control, And after normal operation of BLS, If the pressure sensor signal is higher than 20 bar and BLS is low for 3 sec, ECU detects the failure. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Enable Conditions
Open or short of pressure sensor circuit Faulty pressure sensor Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Press the brake pedal. 3. Measure voltage between terminal "1" of the pressure sensor harness connector and chassis ground by using the oscilloscope.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Specification: 0.2 0.1 V-4.8 0.1 V
Fig. 43: Measuring Voltage Between Pressure Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 1 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection in pressure sensor harness between terminal "1" of the pressure sensor harness connector and terminal "12" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, substitute with a known-good pressure sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace pressure sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101.

Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1259 STEERING ANGLE SENSOR-ELECTRICAL

COMPONENT LOCATION
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 44: Identifying Steering Angle Sensor Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Steering wheel angle sensor uses two sensors (A-sensor and B-sensor) to determine the direction of the rotation. The main components of each sensor are LED, photo transistor and slit plate. The slit plate, which has 45 holes, is installed between LED and photo transistor, and generates signals if slit plate rotates according to the steering wheel rotation. The sensor signals are generated by photo transistor which is driven whenever the light passes through the holes. The HECU detects operating speed and direction of the steering wheel by this input signal, and the signal is used to input signal for anti-roll control.
DTC DESCRIPTION
If some signal voltage stays in abnormal voltage range, the time is counted separately. And if the monitored time exceeds the specified min. fault duration, failure is detected. The monitoring starts 1sec after Power Up.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Voltage Monitoring Strategy

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When Vsas > 4.2 0.1 V or Vsas < 1.2 0.1 V or 2.1 0.1 V < Vsas < 2.9 0.1 V continue 1 sec. The monitoring starts 1 sec after Power Up. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control.
Enable Conditions
Open or short of steering wheel sensor circuit Faulty steering wheel sensor Faulty HECU
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fail Safe
Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamps are activated.
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "6" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. B+
Fig. 45: Measuring Voltage Between Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 6 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or blown 10 A fuse. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, check for open or short to GND in steering wheel angle sensor harness between the battery terminal (+) and terminal "2" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Disconnect steering wheel angle sensor connector. 3. Measure resistance between terminal "2" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and chassis
2008 Kia Optima EX

ground. Specification: Approx. below 1 ohms
Fig. 46: Measuring Voltage Between Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 2 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "SIGNAL CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in steering wheel angle sensor harness between terminal "2" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and terminal "31" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "ON". 2. Turn the steering wheel to the left or right. 3. Measure signal waveform between terminal "3, 4, 5" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: HIGH: 2.9 0.1 V-4.4 0.1 V LOW: 1.2 0.1 V-2.1 0.1 V
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 47: Signal Waveform Graph Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
Fig. 48: Measuring Signal Waveform Between Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Harness Connector Terminals & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured signal waveform within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in steering wheel angle sensor harness between terminal "3, 4, 5" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and terminal "8, 40, 39" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, substitute with a known-good steering wheel angle sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace steering wheel angle sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Refer to DTC C1101.

Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1260 STEERING ANGLE SENSOR - SIGNAL

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1259.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1259.

DTC DESCRIPTION
This monitoring function monitors the changing point of N-signal with measured steering angle from ST1 and ST2. If N-signal changing point differs more than predefined degree, the failure is detected. If there is no variation of the steering wheel angle for predefined time ECU detect the failure.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Signal Monitoring Strategy
Possible cause
Detect Mode
Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode The STN is low more than 20 degrees for 70 msec. When the steering wheel is turned more than 370 5 degrees, if center is not detected, ECU detects the failure. When the steering wheel angle is higher than 700 degrees ECU detects the failure. During straight driving, if the steering wheel angle is larger than 55 5 degree ECU detects the failure. When the curve is detected after driving straight, if there is no variation of the steering wheel angle for 3 sec, ECU detect the failure. While the vehicle drive 60 5 degree <--> -60 5 degree, if STN is not detected low, ECU detect the failure. While steering angle sensor wheel through center, of steering
Faulty steering wheel sensor Faulty HECU
Enable Conditions
2008 Kia Optima EX

angle sensor is against specification three times, ECU detect the failure. When the curve is detected after driving straight, if estimated valve and measured value of the sensor indicate in the opposite direction for 2 times. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamps are activated.
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "ON". 2. Turn the steering wheel to the left or right. 3. Measure signal waveform between terminal "3, 4, 5" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: HIGH: 2.9 0.1 V-4.4 0.1 V LOW: 1.2 0.1 V-2.1 0.1 V
Fig. 49: Signal Waveform Graph Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 50: Measuring Signal Waveform Between Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Harness Connector Terminals & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured signal waveform within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in steering wheel angle sensor harness between terminal "3, 4, 5" of the steering wheel angle sensor harness connector and terminal "8, 40, 39" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If STN signal is LOW when the steering wheel is in center position, Check for improper installation of steering angle sensor. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, substitute with a known-good steering wheel angle sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace steering wheel angle sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101.

Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1282 YAW RATE AND LATERAL G SENSOR - ELECTRICAL
COMPONENT LOCATION
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 51: Locating Yaw Rate And Lateral G Sensor Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
When the vehicle is turning with respect to a vertical axis the yaw rate sensor detects the yaw rate electronically by the vibration change of plate fork inside the yaw rate sensor. If yaw velocity reaches the specific velocity after it detects the vehicle' yawing, the ESC control is reactivated. The lateral G sensor senses vehicle's lateral G. A small element inside the sensor is attached to a deflectable lever arm by lateral G. Direction and magnitude of lateral G loaded to vehicle can be known with electrostatic capacity changing according to lateral G. The output voltage of the lateral G sensor is 2.5V when the vehicle is at a standstill. Only with lateral G sensor, the ESC can not be reactivated.
DTC DESCRIPTION
A failure is detected if the lateral acceleration sensor or yaw rate sensor signal stays in the fault range longer than the specified failure detection time. The Monitoring starts 1sec after Power Up.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Lateral G sensor monitoring Strategy

Possible cause
Case1
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When V_LG > 4.90 0.05 V or V_LG < 0.10 0.05 V continue 1 sec, The monitoring starts 1 sec after power up.
Enable Conditions DTC
2008 Kia Optima EX

Strategy
YAW rate Sensor monitoring Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When V_YAW > 4.90 0.05 V or V_YAW < 0.10 0.05 V continue 1 sec, The monitoring starts 1 sec after power up. CBIT (Commended built in test) monitoring
Detect Mode Case2
Enable Conditions DTC Strategy Detect Mode Case3 Enable Conditions
Initial Check When CBIT is high (> 3.6 V), YAW signal voltage don't increase 0.1-1.2 V than case of low state of CBIT pin. Lateral G signal voltage is smaller than 4.1 0.1 V when CBIT is high (> 3.6 V). When GND of yaw rate sensor and lateral G sensor are open. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Faulty Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor Open or short of Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "3" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. 5 V
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 52: Measuring Voltage Between Yaw Rate & Lateral G Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 3 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short to GND in the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness between terminal "3" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and terminal "36" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Disconnect Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor connector. 3. Measure resistance between terminal "4" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. below 1 ohms
Fig. 53: Measuring Resistance Between Yaw Rate & Lateral G Sensor Harness Connector Terminal No. 4 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured resistance within specifications?
2008 Kia Optima EX

YES : --> Go to next procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness between terminal "4" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and terminal "23" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "1,2" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. 2.5 V
Fig. 54: Measuring Voltage Between Yaw Rate & Lateral G Sensor Harness Connector Terminals No. 1, No. 2 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness between terminal "1, 2" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and terminal "9, 41" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. --> If OK, Substitute with a known-good Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Engine "ON". 3. Does warning lamp remain On?
2008 Kia Optima EX

YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open or short of Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness and/or faulty Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1283 YAW RATE AND LATERAL G SENSOR - SIGNAL
COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1282.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1282.

DTC DESCRIPTION
A lateral acceleration reference signal is calculated from the wheel speeds, the steering angle and the yaw rate signals to monitor the lateral acceleration sensor signal. The difference between the reference signal and the sensor signal is evaluated for failure detection. A yaw rate reference signal is calculated from the wheel speeds, the steering angle and the lateral acceleration signals to monitor the yaw rate sensor signal. The difference between the reference signal and the sensor signal, and the gradient of the measured sensor signal is evaluated for the failure detection. If the difference between estimated value and measured value of the sensor is larger than predefined value for predefined time, the failure is recognized.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Signal monitoring Detect Initial Check Mode Case1
Possible cause
Enable Conditions
During standstill if lateral G value is larger than 7 g, and continue 2 sec. During standstill if yaw rate value is larger than 7 deg/s, and continue 2 sec. Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode
Detect Mode
2008 Kia Optima EX

Case2
Enable Conditions
If noise of input signal is happened 429 times in 5 sec, Which the amplitude of the sensor signal is larger than predefined value (stand still: 0.3 g, driving: 0.5 g- 1.0 g). If noise of input signal is happened 429 times in 5 sec, Which the amplitude of the sensor signal is larger than predefined value (stand still: 8 deg/s, driving: 15 deg/s30 deg/s). Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode When the difference between estimated value and measured value of the sensor is lager than 0.3 g, the difference value add and subtract. When sum Total value is larger than predefined value. When the difference between estimated value and measured value of the sensor is lager than 7 deg/s, the difference value add and subtract. When sum Total value is larger than predefined value Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When GND of yaw rate sensor and lateral G sensor are open. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Detect Mode
Case3 Enable Conditions
Faulty Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor Open or short of Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor Faulty HEC
Case4
Detect Mode Enable Conditions
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "1,2" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. 2.5 V
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 55: Measuring Voltage Between Yaw Rate & Lateral G Sensor Harness Connector Terminals No. 1, No. 2 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness between terminal "1, 2" of the Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor harness connector and terminal "41, 9" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. --> If OK, Substitute with a known-good Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace Yaw Rate & Lateral G sensor and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1282.

Refer to DTC C1282.

Refer to DTC C1201. DTC C1503 ESC SWITCH ERROR

COMPONENT LOCATION
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 56: Locating ESC Switch Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Driver can inhibit the ESC control by ESC switch. When switch signal send into HECU, ESC warning lamp goes ON and ESC control is stopped and if next switch signal is inputted again, ESC control is ready. This function is used for sporty driving or vehicle inspection.
DTC DESCRIPTION
Trouble code is set when the condition that the level of ESC switch is high is continued for 60sec. When the ESC switch failure is set there is no signal in the warning lamp and HECU inhibits the ESC control and allows the ABS/EBD control.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Short circuit monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When the ESC switch is ON for 60 sec. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamps are activated.
Enable Conditions Fail Safe
Open or short ESC switch
2008 Kia Optima EX

Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF" & ESC Switch "ON". 2. Measure voltage between terminal "27" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx B+
Fig. 57: Measuring Voltage Between HECU Harness Connector Terminal No. 27 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured signal waveform within specifications? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open or short in ESC switch line, faulty ESC switch or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection in the power harness between the battery terminal (+) and the terminal "27" of the HECU harness connector. Check for open or blown 10 A fuse referring to "Circuit Diagram". Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF". Disconnect ESC switch connector. Press the ESC switch. Measure resistance between terminal "3" of the ESC switch harness connector and terminal "4" of the ESC switch harness connector Specification: Approx. below 1 ohms
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 58: Measuring Resistance Between ESC Switch Harness Connector Terminals No. 3 & 4 Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty ESC switch or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> Substitute with a known-good ESC switch and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace ESC switch and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1513 BRAKE SWITCH ERROR

COMPONENT LOCATION
Fig. 59: Locating Brake Switch Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The brake light switch indicates brake pedal status to the ABS control unit. The switch is turned on when brake is depressed. The brake light switch is a normally-open contact which runs to battery voltage when active (brake
2008 Kia Optima EX

depressed). When passive (brake not depressed), the cable is grounded via the break light bulbs.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The brake light signal is a reference to judge driver's will for braking. ABS ECU monitor open circuit of brake light switch for normal ABS control. HECU set the warning lamp if either BLS or BS is fault.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Open circuit monitoring Strategy

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode If both BLS and BS have a same state for predetermined time, The failure is recognized. Outside an ABS/ESC control, And after normal operation of MCP, If the pressure sensor. The signal is higher than 20 bar and BLS is low for 3 sec, ECU detect the failure if the BLS/BS changed more than 40 times for 5 sec, ECU detect the failure. While Vref > 10 km/H (6.2 mph), TPS > 5 %, MCP < 7 bar, if BLS is high over 1 minute, ECU detect the failure. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamps are activated.
Enable Conditions
Open circuit in brake switch line Faulty brake light switch Faulty input stage in HECU
Fail Safe
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". 2. Press the brake pedal. 3. Measure voltage between the terminal "5, 21" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification:
2008 Kia Optima EX

Brake Light Switch-Approx. B+ Brake Switch-Approx. 0 V
Fig. 60: Measuring Voltage Between HECU Harness Connector Terminals No. 5, No. 21 And Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured signal waveform within specifications? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open harness in brake light switch and brake switch line, faulty brake light switch or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection in the power harness between the battery terminal (+) and the terminal "5, 21" of the HECU harness connector. Check for open or blown 15 A stop fuse. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. --> If OK, Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
1. Connect a ohmmeter to the connector of brake light switch, and check whether or not there is continuity when the plunger of the brake light switch is pushed in and when it is released. The switch is in good condition if there is no continuity when the plunger is pushed. 2. Is there no continuity when the plunger is pushed? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open harness in brake light switch line, faulty brake light switch or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> Substitute with a known-good brake light switch and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace brake light switch and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1604 ECU HARDWARE ERROR

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The HECU is composed of an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and a HCU (Hydraulic Control Unit), so the HECU hardware includes all solenoid valves inside the unit as well as the ECU.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The HECU monitors the operation of the IC components such as memory, register, A/D converter and so on. The HECU sets this code when the EEPROM data read by the master processor is different from prior data written, or when the master/slave processor detects abnormal operation in RAM, Status Register, Interrupt, Timer, A/D converter or cycle time.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Internal monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode When the MCU can't erase or write a data of the EEPROM. When the master/slave processor detects abnormal operation in RAM, ROM, INTERRUPT, TIMER, A/D CONVERTER, CYCLE TIME. System down. The ABS/EBD/TCS/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
Enable Conditions
Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Engine "ON".
2008 Kia Optima EX

3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1605 CAN HARDWARE ERROR

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
CAN communication is applied just for ESC (Electronic Stability Control) installed in the vehicle for sending requirement data, such as torque reduction, the number of fuel cut cylinders, and TCS control requests, to the Engine ECM & TCU. The Engine ECM performs fuel cut functions according to requests from the ABS ECU and retards ignition timing by torque reduction requests. The TCU maintains current gear positions during ESC control time, by not increasing power which causes a kickdown shift.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The HECU checks the CAN RAM for normal ESC control, and sets this code if a CAN RAM malfunction is detected.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy CAN RAM monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode CAN Hardware failure. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control.
Faulty HECU
Enable Conditions
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fail Safe
Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Ignition "ON" 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by short harness in CAN line and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1611 CAN TIME-OUT EMS

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1605.

DTC DESCRIPTION
The HECU checks the CAN communication lines for normal ESC control, and sets this code if an ECM message is not received within 500ms. The HECU does not detect this code until 2 seconds after the IG KEY is turned to ON.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy CAN message monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode
2008 Kia Optima EX

Failure mode In case that EMS1 or EMS2 message was not received for more than 500ms within normal voltage condition. The Monitoring starts 2s after power up. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Enable Conditions
Fail Safe
Faulty ECM Faulty HECU
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Ignition "ON" 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good ECM and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace ECM and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If NG, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty ECM and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1612 CAN TIME-OUT TCU

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1605.

DTC DESCRIPTION
The HECU checks the CAN communication lines for normal ESC control, and sets this code if an TCU message is not received within 500ms. The HECU does not detect this code until 3 seconds after the IG KEY is turned to ON.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART
2008 Kia Optima EX

Item DTC Strategy
Detecting Condition

Possible cause
CAN message monitoring Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode In case that TCU message was not received for more than 500ms within normal voltage condition. The Monitoring starts 2s after power up. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Detect Mode
Enable Conditions
Faulty TCU Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Ignition "ON" 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good TCU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace TCU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If NG, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty TCU and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1613 CAN WRONG MESSAGE

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC C1605.

DTC DESCRIPTION
2008 Kia Optima EX

received between the EMS2 and TCU is not the same. The HECU will not detect this code until 2 seconds after the IG KEY is turned ON.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy CAN message monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode In case that TCU message was not received for more than 500ms within normal voltage condition. The Monitoring starts 2s after power up. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Enable Conditions
Faulty ECM Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Ignition "ON" 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good ECM and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace TCU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. If NG, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty ECM and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C1616 CAN BUS OFF

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Refer to DTC C1605.

DTC DESCRIPTION
The HECU checks the CAN communication lines for normal ESC control, and sets this code if CAN BUS OFF status is detected for more than 100 ms.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Open or short circuit monitoring

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode In case CAN BUS off state continued for more than 100 ms. Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
Enable Conditions Fail Safe
Open or short circuit in CAN line
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Measure resistance between terminal "22" of the HECU harness connector and terminal "7" of the HECU harness connector. Specification: Approx. 60 ohms
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 61: Measuring Resistance Between HECU Harness Connector Terminals No. 7 & 22 Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open or short in CAN signal harness or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in CAN signal harness between terminal "22" of the HECU harness connector and terminal "7" of the HECU harness connector. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C2112 VALVE RELAY ERROR

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU supplies battery power to all solenoid valves by the way of a valve relay which is controlled by the Electronic Control UNIT (ECU). The valve relay and all solenoid valves are installed inside the HECU (Hydraulic and Electronic Control Unit).
DTC DESCRIPTION
ABS ECU monitors voltage of the valve relay to check if ABS ECU can perform ABS control normally. When the valve relay is switched to ON, the HECU will set this code if the solenoid drive voltage is below permissible voltage ranges for a period of time. When the valve relay is switched to OFF, the HECU sets this code if the solenoid drive voltage is over the permissible voltage range for a period of time.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART
2008 Kia Optima EX

Item DTC Strategy
Detecting Condition

Possible cause
Battery Voltage Monitoring Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode If the valve relay is switched on and the reference voltage of valve relay < 5 0.5 V continuously for 56 ms, the failure is detected. Initial Check Failure mode If the valve relay is switched off and Vvr > 6 0.5 V or Vvr < 2.5 0.5 V continuously for 56 ms, the failure is detected. System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
Detect Mode Case1 (Open) Enable Conditions Detect Mode Case2 (Short or Leakage) Enable Conditions
Open or short of power supply circuit (ABS1) Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
MONITOR ACTUATION TEST
1. 2. 3. 4.
Connect scan tool to Data Link Connector (DLC) Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". Select the "Actuation Test" mode on the scan tool. Inspect operating status of all valves with Actuation Test. Specification: It's normal if operating sound is heard.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 62: Actuation Test-Display Screen Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Do all valves operate normally? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by poor connection in power harness (ABS1) and/or HECU's connector or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Thoroughly check connectors for looseness, poor connection, bending, corrosion, contamination, deterioration, or damage. Repair or replace as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Go to next step.
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF" Disconnect HECU connector. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". Measure voltage between terminal "25 (ESC: 32)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. B+
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 63: Measuring Voltage Between HECU Harness Connector Terminal No. 25 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in power harness between battery terminal (+) and terminal "25 (ESC: 32)" of the HECU harness connector. Check for open or blown 40 A ABS1 fuse referring to "Circuit Diagram". Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Disconnect HECU connector. 3. Measure resistance between terminal "8, 24 (ESC: 16, 47)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. below 1ohms
Fig. 64: Measuring Resistance Between HECU Harness Connector Terminals No. 8, No. 24 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure.
2008 Kia Optima EX

NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection between terminal "8, 24 (ESC: 16, 47)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101.

Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C2227 EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURE OF BRAKE DISC

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1101.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
BTCS (Brake Traction Control System) is operated when the value (Wheel acceleration value + speed difference value) exceeds the specified value when vehicle speed is lower than the 50 Km/h. The BTCS installed HECU calculates the disc temperature logically, which is an assumed value, by using the value of Wheel speed, vehicle speed change, CONTROL MODE and BLS SIGNAL. Assumed disc temperature is used to protect DISC overheating, caused by long-time operation, which may cause a decrease in brake efficiency.
DTC DESCRIPTION
If the HECU decides that the disc is overheated (above 500C (932F)), then it turns the ESC lamp ON and inhibits BTCS operation to protect overheating of the disc. If the calculated temperature becomes lower than specified value (aprox. 250C), then the HECU turns the ESC lamp OFF and operates the BTCS again.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Internal monitoring
Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle
Enable Conditions
When the calculated temperature of disc is higher than 500C (932 F). If the calculated temperature drops below 300C (572F), the controller recovers to normal state. When IGN switched OFF, ECU calculate temperature of disc until
Faulty HECU
2008 Kia Optima EX

calculated temperature drops below 80C (176F) by BATT1 power.
Fail Safe
Inhibit the ESC control and allow the ABS/EBD control. Meanwhile, stop checking the ESC switch failure under the ESC control. The ESC warning lamp is activated.
1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Ignition "ON" 3. Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is caused by Faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. --> The DTC code can be set by excessive ESC control in normal system status. Go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101. DTC C2380 ABS/TCS/ESC VALVE ERROR

COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ABS HECU is composed of an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and a HCU (Hydraulic Control Unit), so the HECU hardware includes all solenoid valves inside the unit as well as the ECU. Solenoid valves are switched to ON, OFF by HECU when the ABS is activated. Solenoid valves function is to increase, decrease or maintain the hydraulic pressure supplied to a wheel cylinder.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The HECU monitors the operation of the valves by checking the drive circuit of the solenoid valves, and then sets this code when the unexpected drive voltage is detected. For example, the HECU sets the DTC if an unexpected high drive voltage is detected when the valve relay is switched to OFF. (Or unexpected low voltage is detected when the solenoid valve drive TR is switched to ON).
2008 Kia Optima EX

DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Internal monitoring Strategy

Possible cause
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode If the valve relay is switched ON and corresponding solenoid driver OFF and the voltage of solenoid < 3.5 0.5 V continuously for 56 ms, the failure is detected. If the valve relay is switched ON and corresponding solenoid driver ON and the voltage of solenoid > 1.5 0.5 V continuously for 56 ms, the failure is detected. System down. The ABS/EBD/ESC functions are inhibited. The valve relay and all solenoids are prevented from being switched on. The ABS/EBD/ESC warning lamps are activated.
Enable Conditions
Faulty HECU
Fail Safe
1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF". Ignition "ON" Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 12 km/h or more (7.5 mph or more) Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
After a repair, it is essential to verify that the fault has been corrected. 1. Connect scan tool and select "Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)" mode. 2. Using a scan tool, Clear DTC. 3. Operate the vehicle within DTC Detecting Condition. See DTC DETECTING CONDITION. Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 12 km/h or more (7.5 mph or more). 4. Are any DTCs present ?
2008 Kia Optima EX

YES : --> Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure. NO : --> System performing to specification at this time. DTC C2402 MOTOR-ELECTRICAL
COMPONENT LOCATION
Refer to DTC C1112.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU supplies battery power to the electric motor by way of a motor relay which is controlled by the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The electric motor pump supplies hydraulic pressure to all wheel brake calipers by operating the piston inside the pump.
DTC DESCRIPTION
The ABS ECU monitors the pump motor relay or fuse open, open or short in motor or motor lock and then sets this code if a malfunction is detected.
DTC DETECTING CONDITION CHART Item Detecting Condition DTC Strategy Battery Voltage Monitoring Case1 (Motor Relay Open or Motor Short to GND) Detect Mode Enable Conditions

Possible cause
Outside the ABS control cycle Inside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode If the motor relay is switched ON and motor voltage < (IGN voltage-4 0.5 V) continued for 56 msec, the failure is detected. Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode After 1.8 sec from the time that motor relay is switched OFF, the motor voltage > 4 0.5 V continued for 1.8 sec, the failure is detected. Outside the ABS control cycle After motor relay is switched OFF, motor voltage is measured. If the time which motor voltage > 1 0.1
Case2 (Motor Open, Motor Short to BATT)
Detect Mode
Enable Conditions Detect Mode
Case3
Open or short of power supply
2008 Kia Optima EX

(Motor Lock) Enable Conditions
V is less than evaluation time, recheck is performed again for a maximum of three times. When the motor voltage is not normal even on the third recheck, the controller recognizes it as failure.

circuit (ABS2) Faulty HECU
Case4 (Motor Fuse Open)
Detect Mode
Initial Check Outside the ABS control cycle Diagnosis mode Failure mode If the motor relay is switched OFF and motor power supply voltage < 4 0.5 V continued for 1 sec, the failure is detected. The ABS/ESC functions are inhibited. The ABS/ESC warning lamps are activated and the EBD warning lamp is not activated. Motor failure during the ABS control cycle (Case 1, 4): Inhibit the ABS/ESC control of front wheels, allow the ABS/ESC control of rear wheels, and ABS/ESC warning lamps are switched on at the end of ABS control.
Enable Conditions
Fail Safe
MONITOR ACTUATION TEST
1. 2. 3. 4.
Connect scan tool to Data Link Connector (DLC) Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". Select the "Actuation Test" mode on the scan tool. Inspect operating status of all valves with Actuation Test. Specification: It's normal if operating sound is heard.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 65: Actuation Test-Display Screen Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Does the motor operate normally? YES : --> Fault is intermittent caused by poor connection in power harness (ABS1) and/or HECU's connector or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Thoroughly check connectors for looseness, poor connection, bending, corrosion, contamination, deterioration, or damage. Repair or replace as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Go to TERMINAL AND CONNECTOR INSPECTION procedure.
Refer to DTC C1101.

1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF" Disconnect HECU connector. Ignition "ON" & Engine "OFF". Measure voltage between terminal "9 (ESC: 1)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Specification: Approx. B+
Fig. 66: Measuring Voltage Between HECU Harness Connector Terminal No. 9 & Chassis Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 5. Is the measured voltage within specifications? YES : --> Go to "GROUND CIRCUIT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for open or short in power harness between battery terminal (+) and terminal "9 (ESC: 1)" of the HECU harness connector. Check for open or blown 40 A ABS2 fuse referring to "Circuit Diagram". Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure
2008 Kia Optima EX

1. Ignition "OFF". 2. Check for open or short in power harness between battery terminal (+) and terminal "9 (ESC: 1)" of the HECU harness connector. Check for open or blown 40A ABS2 fuse referring to "Circuit Diagram". Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. Specification: Approx. below 1 ohms
Fig. 67: Measuring Resistance Between Chassis Ground & HECU Harness Connector Terminals No. 8 & 24 Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Is the measured resistance within specifications? YES : --> Go to "COMPONENT INSPECTION" procedure. NO : --> Check for damaged harness and poor connection between terminal "8, 24 (ESC: 16, 47)" of the HECU harness connector and chassis ground. Repair as necessary and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Ignition "OFF". Engine "ON". Start and drive vehicle in gear and maintain vehicle speed is approx. 12 km/h or more (7 mph or more) Does warning lamp remain On? YES : --> Substitute with a known-good HECU and check for proper operation. If problem is corrected, replace HECU and then go to "VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE REPAIR" procedure. NO : --> Fault is intermittent caused by open or short of power harness (ABS2) and/or faulty HECU or was repaired and HECU memory was not cleared. Go to the applicable troubleshooting procedure.
Refer to DTC C1200.
2008 Kia Optima EX

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM CONTROL MODULE

COMPONENTS
Fig. 68: Identifying ABS Control Module & Torque Specifications Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. REMOVAL 1. Turn the ignition switch OFF. 2. Pull up the lock (A) of the ABS control unit 25P connector, then disconnect the connector.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 69: Identifying ABS Control Unit Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Disconnect the brake tubes from the HECU by unlocking the nuts counterclockwise with a spanner.
Fig. 70: Identifying Brake Tubes Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 4. Loosen the 2 ABS HECU bracket bolts (A), then remove HECU and bracket.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 71: Identifying ABS HECU Bracket Bolts Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. CAUTION: 1. Never attempt to disassemble the HECU. 2. The HECU must be transported and stored in. 3. Never shock to the HECU.
5. Remove the 2 nuts, then remove the bracket from HECU. INSTALLATION 1. Installation is the reverse of removal. 2. Tighten the HECU mounting bolts and nuts to the specified torque. Tightening torque HECU bracket bolts: 10.8-13.7 N.m (1.1-1.4 kgf.m, 8.0-10.1 lb-ft) HECU bracket mounting bolt: 16.7-25.5 N.m (1.7-2.6 kgf.m, 12.3-18.8 lb-ft)
FRONT WHEEL SPEED SENSOR

COMPONENTS
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 72: Locating Front Wheel Speed Sensor Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. REMOVAL 1. Remove the front wheel speed sensor mounting bolt (A) and cable mounting bolt (B).
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 73: Identifying Front Wheel Speed Sensor Mounting Bolt Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 2. Remove the front wheel speed sensor bracket (A).
Fig. 74: Identifying Front Wheel Speed Sensor Bracket Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Remove the front wheel guard. 4. Disconnect the front wheel speed sensor connector (A), then remove the front wheel speed sensor.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 75: Identifying Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. INSPECTION 1. Measure the output voltage between the terminal of the wheel speed sensor and the body ground. CAUTION: In order to protect the wheel speed sensor, when measuring output voltage, a 100 ohms resistor must be used as shown.
Fig. 76: Measuring Output Voltage Between Wheel Speed Sensor Terminals & Body Ground Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 2. Compare the change of the output voltage of the wheel speed sensor to the normal change of the output voltage as shown below.
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 77: Wheel Speed Sensor Voltage Graph Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. V_low: 0.59-0.84 V V_high: 1.18-1.68 V Frequency range: 1-2,500 Hz
REAR WHEEL SPEED SENSOR

COMPONENTS
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 78: Locating Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. REMOVAL 1. Remove the rear wheel speed sensor mounting bolt (A).
2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 79: Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Mounting Bolt Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 2. Remove sensor cable bracket mounting bolt (A).
Fig. 80: Sensor Cable Bracket Mounting Bolt Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC. 3. Disconnect rear wheel speed sensor connector.

Abs

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2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 BRAKES ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) - Optima

2008 BRAKES ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) - Optima

2008 Kia Optima EX

This unit has the functions as follows.

Installation position: engine compartment

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

Pump motor OFF

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

Pump motor OFF

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM

Fig. 8: Hydraulic System Diagram Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.

ABS CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

2008 Kia Optima EX

Fig. 9: ABS Circuit Diagram (1 Of 2) Courtesy of KIA MOTORS AMERICA, INC.

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

POS. BATTERY. (SOLENOID)

POS, BATTERY. (MOTOR)

Output voltage: IGN [V] 1V Output current: Max 30mA

Input current LOW: 5.9-8.4 mA

2008 Kia Optima EX

CAN BUS LINE (LOW) CAN BUS LINE (HIGH)

Max. current: I < 10 mA

SCAN TOOL CHECK

2008 Kia Optima EX

STANDARD FLOW OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLESHOOTING

2008 Kia Optima EX

PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE

ABS DOES NOT OPERATE INTERMITTENTLY.

2008 Kia Optima EX

SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms Possible Cause

2008 Kia Optima EX

Refer to the DTC troubleshooting procedures. Is it normal?

2008 Kia Optima EX

SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms Possible Cause

Refer to the DTC troubleshooting procedures .

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms

An open in the wire Poor ground Faulty power source circuit

2008 Kia Optima EX

SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms Possible Cause

An open in the wire Faulty HECU Faulty power source circuit

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms

2008 Kia Optima EX

SYMPTOMS CHART Trouble Symptoms Possible Cause

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX

ABS CHECK SHEET

2008 Kia Optima EX

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART (DTC)

2008 Kia Optima EX

2008 Kia Optima EX