shaped coplanar waveguide, IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 54 (2006), 3559 3564. 5. J. Garca-Garca, F. Martn, F. Falcone, J.

Bonache, I. Gil, T. Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, M. Sorolla, and R. Marques, Spurious passband suppres sion in microstrip coupled line band pass lters by means of split ring resonators, IEEE Microw Wireless Comp Lett 14 (2004), 416 418. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

NEW BAND-PASS FILTER DESIGN WITH TAPPED-LINE USING J/KINVERTER

Tae-Soon Yun,1 Tae-Ui Hong,1 Byungje Lee,1 Jin-Joo Choi,1 Jin-Young Kim,1 Ki-Byoung Kim,2 and Jong-Chul Lee1 1 RFIC Research and Education Center, Kwangwoon University, 447 1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul 139 701, Korea 2 Intelligent Radio Engineering Center, Information and Communication University,103 6 Munji-dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305732, Korea Received 9 November 2006 ABSTRACT: In this letter, a novel design method of tapped-line gap-coupled half-wavelength band-pass lter (BPF) using J- or Kinverter is proposed. A model of tapped-line is composed of shunt stub and the additional transmission line that has the electrical length of the negative value. The electrical lengths of the stub and line are functions of the lines impedance and the inverter that has a variable of lters bandwidth. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 12531256, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop. 22417 Key words: tapped-line; J-inverter; K-inverter; bandwidth; gap-coupled half-wavelength BPF 1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 1 (a) Equivalent circuit of the J-inverter and (b) a model of the tapped-line method. [Color gure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com]

From Figure 1(b), since input admittance, ya, and shunt openstub of a model of the tapped-line are parallel, the impedance of the point A can be given as 1 jy tan

Gap-coupled half-wavelength band-pass lters (BPFs) have been used as basic lters. The gap-coupled g/2 BPF can be realized by weak coupling because its coupling takes place by gap in the end of the resonator [1]. This weak coupling becomes limitation in the lters bandwidth. To solve the limitation of the bandwidth, a tapped-line method has been suggested and applied to various lter types such as combline lter, interdigital lter, edge-coupled lter, etc [2 4]. For the tapped-line method, the J-inverters of the rst and last section of lters are replaced by tapped-line. For the design of tapped feeding, open-wire-line equivalent circuit approach has been suggested [2], and then the design method with the coupling coefcient, k, and the external quality factor, Qe has been generally used while an electromagnetic (EM) analysis is needed [35]. In this paper, a novel design of a BPF using tapped-line method is proposed, which is simple and easy to implement.
2. ANALYSIS OF TAPPED-LINE METHOD

zA

ya

,
J1

(1)

where y is the normalized admittance of the open-stub and J1 is the electrical length of the open-stub. Then, the input admittance toward source in the point B can be obtained as ya/y tan j tan tan J2 J1
J1

y in

tan J2 j ya/y tan

.
J2

(2)

Here, J2 is the electrical length of the additional transmission line. On the other hand, the input admittance toward source with normalization at the front of inverter is given by y in J01 2 /ya, (3)

2.1 Tapped-Line Using J-Inverter In general, the J-inverter is represented by network with capacitors as shown in Figure 1(a). First J-inverter, J01, of the BPF can be represented by its equivalent circuit using an input admittance. With input admittance and the model of tapped-line, which has the open stub and additional transmission line as shown in Figure 1(b), the parameters of tapped-line can be evaluated.

where J01 is J-inverter of the rst section of lters. In Eq. (3), the imaginary value of input admittance is 0. That is, the following equation can be obtained from the imaginary value of Eq. (2). tan
J1

tan

J2

tan

J1

tan

J2

z/za 2 tan

J2

(4)

From real values of Eqs. (2) and (4), the following relationship can be derived.

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z in

z2 tan za 1

K1

tan tan

K2 K1

tan

jzza tan K1 tan jz tan K1 K2

K2

(9)

where z and za are the normalized impedance of the short-stub and source, respectively, and K1 and K2 are the electrical length of the short-stub and additional transmission line, respectively. On the other hand, the input impedance toward source at the front of K-inverter is given by z in K01 2 /za, (10)

where K01 is K-inverter of the rst section of lters. From Eqs. (9) and (10), when the K2 is assumed to be negative, K1 and K2 can be obtained as
1

K1

tan

K01 z

1
1

1 K 01/z a 2 1 K01 z 1 1

1 K01 /z

(11)

K2

tan

K01 /za 2 . K01 /z 2

(12)

Figure 2 (a) Equivalent circuit of the K-inverter and (b) a model of the tapped-line method. [Color gure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com]

tan

J1

tan

J2

1 . zaJ01 2

(5)

Then, with Eqs. (4) and (5), we can get the following equation. tan
J1

zJ01

1 tan

J2

(6)

Because, in the J-inverter, capacitors of negative value are generally used, when the electrical length of additional transmission line is assumed to be negative, each electrical length of the stub and line can be dened as the value of the inverter and the impedance of the line. 1 zaJ01 zaJ01 1 zaJ01
2

J1

tan

1 1 1 1

zJ01 2 , zaJ01 2 zaJ01 2 , zJ01 2

(7)

J2

tan

(8)

2.2 Tapped-Line Using K-Inverter Tapped-line method can be applied at the BPF using K-inverter as shown in Figure 2. K-inverter can be represented by T-network as shown in Figure 2(a). For a case using K-inverter, the model of tapped-line has the shunt short-stub and additional transmission line that has negative electrical length as shown in Figure 2(b). From the gure, the input impedance toward source in the point B can be obtained as

Figure 3 Photographs for the tapped-line half-wavelength BPF using (a) J-inverter and (b) K-inverter. [Color gure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com]

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The electrical length of the transmission line is negative. That is, the electrical length of the resonator is decreased by K2. The gap-coupled BPF has resonators of half wavelength. For a design of the lter using tapped-line, the resonators length of the lter is almost half wavelength, too.
3. BPF DESIGN WITH TAPPED-LINE

For the gap-coupled BPF of the 3rd order Chebyshev prototype with 0.01 dB ripple, the capacitances of about 0.64 and 0.16 pF are needed for 5% FBW at the center frequency of 2.0 GHz. However, it is very hard to realize a gap corresponding to the value of capacitance of 0.64 pF. One alternative to realize very narrow gap is interdigital method while it is still not easy. The tapped-line can be one of the solutions for this problem. In this paper, the gap-coupled BPF with 5% FBW is designed by substituting capacitor of 0.64 pF for tapped-line as shown in

Figure 3(a). The capacitance of 0.16 pF is realized by 2 nger interdigital capacitor with ngers gap of 0.18 mm and ngers length of 3 mm. In tapped-line, the electrical lengths of the open-stub and negative transmission line are 68.02 and 70.54, respectively. Also, the half wavelength BPF using K-inverter is designed by substituting inductor of 1.61 nH for tapped-line as shown in Figure 3(b). For the case of using K-inverter, the electrical lengths of the short-stub and negative transmission line are 21.98 and 19.46, respectively. Figure 3 shows photographs for the tapped-line half-wavelength BPFs using J-inverter and K-inverter. As shown in Figure 3, lters are designed using meander line to reduce the size of the circuits, which are 14.40 18.69 mm2 and 16.75 19.14 mm2, respectively. These lters are designed and implemented on the RTduroid substrate with dielectric constant of 10.2 and height of 0.635 mm. The simulation and measurement results for the tapped-line half-wavelength BPFs are shown in Figure 4. For the case of using J-inverter, the simulation results show the insertion loss of 0.92 dB and return loss of less than 32 dB at the center frequency of 2.0 GHz by IE3D [6], while the measurement data show the insertion loss of 1.19 dB and return loss of 24.4 dB at the center frequency of 1.98 GHz. For other case of using K-inverter, the simulation results show insertion loss of 1.31 dB and return loss of less than 25 dB, while the measurement data show the insertion loss of 2.10 dB and return loss of 24.6 dB at the center frequency of 2.01 GHz. Even though the measurement results of the stub BPF using Kinverter shows a minor mismatch in insertion loss due to the parasitic of via-holes compared with the one using J-inverter, the new design method of BPF with tapped-line using J/Kinverter is well matched to theory.
4. CONCLUSION

In this paper, as a novel design method of lter, tapped-line half-wavelength BPFs using J-inverter and K-inverter have been suggested and discussed. The proposed tapped-line is composed of the open (and short) stub and the transmission line, which has electrical length of negative value. The designed tapped-line half-wavelength BPFs are well matched to the ideal half-wavelength BPFs and the results of the implemented BPFs agree well with the simulation data. The proposed design method with tapped-line can be applied to several lters designs such as edge-coupled lter, combline lter, interdigital lter, hair-pin lter, etc.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Century (BK21) and the MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication), Korea under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA (Institute of Information Technology Assessment) (IITA-2006-(C1090 06030008)).
REFERENCES 1. G. Matthaei, L. Young, and E.M.T. Jones, Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures, Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1980. 2. E.G. Cristal, Tapped-line coupled transmission lines with applications to interdigital and combline lters, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 23 (1975), 10071012. 3. S. Caspi and J. Adelman, Design of combline and interdigital lters with tapped-line input, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 36 (1988), 759 763.

Figure 4 Simulation and measurement results of the tapped-line halfwavelength BPF using (a) J-inverter and (b) K-inverter

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4. J.S. Wong, Microstrip tapped-line lter design, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 27 (1979), 44 50. 5. J.S. Hong and M.J. Lancaster, Microwave Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2001. 6. Zeland Corp IE3D v10.2 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DESIGN OF A 5-BIT TIME DELAY MODULE WITH LEFT-HANDED AND RIGHT-HANDED TRANSMISSION LINE
Lijun Chen, Qi Zhu, Lu Han, and Shanjia Xu Department of EEIS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China Received 9 November 2006 ABSTRACT: A 5-bit time delay module with left-handed and righthanded transmission line is designed and fabricated, which can realize a minimum time delay of 100 ps and a maximum time delay of 3100 ps in 9 10 GHz frequency range. Compared with traditional transmission line time delay module, the present 5-bit left-handed transmission line time delay module has shown its compactness and low losses. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1256 1259, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22416 Key words: time delay lines; left-handed transmission line (LH-TL); right-handed transmission line (RH-TL); 5-bit time delay module; single pole double throw switch (SPDT) Figure 1 Structures of 100 and 200 ps RH-TL time delay lines

2. DESIGN OF A 5-BIT LH-TL DELAY LINE

2.1. Design of the Time Delay Lines of 100 and 200 ps Though not as compact as the LH-TL delay lines, RH-TL ones are compact enough to realize small time delays such as 100 and 200 ps. Meanwhile, the RH-TL delay lines are easier to realize more accurate small time delays, compared with the LH-TL delay lines. So RH-TL line have been chosen to realize 100 and 200 ps time delays in present 5-bit time delay module. Figure 1shows the structures of 100 and 200 ps RH-LT time delay lines, and Figure 2 shows their phase responses versus frequency, respectively. For compactness, the RH-TL time delay lines of 100 and 200 ps are meandered. 2.2. Design of the Time Delay Lines of 400, 800, and 1600 ps As discussed above, it is suitable to select LH-TL lines to realize large time delay. Here the time delay lines of 400, 800, and 1600 ps are designed based on LH-TL structures. The detailed considerations of design of LH-TL delay lines to realize time delays of 400, 800, and 1600 ps were proposed in [5]. Figure 3 shows the structures of 400, 800, and 1600 ps LH-LT time delay lines, and Figure 4 shows their phase responses versus frequency, respectively. 2.3. Final Layout of the 5-Bit Time Delay Module To realize different time delays, switches are indispensable. Besides operating frequency range, insertion loss, isolation, and dimension are considered while choosing switches. GaAs MMIC

1. INTRODUCTION

Microwave time delay lines have been widely applied in different areas such as signal processing systems, radar, and phased array systems. To compensate phase shifts caused by different working frequencies, n-bit digital time delay modules are often used in modern broadband radar systems. Traditional time delay lines include magnetostatic wave time delay lines, surface acoustic wave delay lines, and ber time delay lines [1 4]. Unfortunately, high losses or large volume limit their applications as n-bit time delay modules. Because of the sharp relationship between Ang(S21) of left-handed transmission lines (LH-TLs) versus frequency, LH-TLs have shown their superiority to right-handed transmission lines (RH-TLs) in the application of large true time delay. Recent work has demonstrated the characteristics of low loss and compactness of LH-TLs [57]. Here, RH-TLs and LH-TLs have been used to construct a 5-bit time delay module. Although the time delay efciency of RH-TLs is lower than LH-TLs, RH-TLs are easy fabricated and adjusted. So RH-TLs have been chosen to realize 100 and 200 ps time delays in meander conguration, whereas LH-TLs have been used to realize 400, 800, and 1600 ps time delays. Finally, time delay lines of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 ps and 10 single pole double throw (SPDT) switches have been fabricated on a chip of 10 mm 20 mm 2 mm to form a 5-bit time delay module. By controlling these SPDT switches, time delay from 100 up to 3100 ps can be achieved. Comparisons of experimental and theoretic results of different time delay lines have been given to demonstrate the present design.

Figure 2

Phase responses of 100 and 200 ps RH-TL time delay lines

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