FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGES

SEMESTER 2 / 2011

OUMH1303 ENGLISH FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION

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COMMUNICATING EFFECTIVELY IN SPOKEN ENGLISH IN SELECTED SOCIAL CONTEXTS INTRODUCTION What is communication ? Communication is an essential part of our lives because it is an important element in our lives. Besides food, water, home, and clothes, theres had. Without communication, we cannot deliver important massages to people. Communication is divided into three parts which is formal and informal. The example of formal communication are such as meeting and giving speech to the public. Moreover, for informal communication the examples are like talking with friends and also phone conversation. Refer to the book from English For Oral Communication on page ( 3 and 4 ) , we can find a few people in defining the term of communications Carl Rogers ( 1952 ) says that: Real communication occurs when we listen with understanding - to see the expressed idea and attitude from the other persons point of view , to sense how it feels to him, to achieve his frame of reference in regard to the things he is talking about. Elizabeth Tierney (1998) describes communication as a procees which

begins when you have a massage that you want to the deliver to an audience. Your audience receives the massage, reacts, to it and then responds to your massage. Julia T. Wood (2009), Communication is a systemic process in which people interact with and throughth symbols to crate and interpret meaning.

ENGLISH FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION/OUMH1303 Importance of speaking English for study and work purposes Many people can speak enough to get around, make friends, and even do some business. But when it comes to doing business at the big level where there is a lot of money at stake, you cant take any risks. You need to make sure that your speaking skills are flawless. This is why its so important to concentrate on spoken English language studies. In the old days, spoken English language studies were done in either a classroom or at home through books and tapes. The problem with the classroom is that its expensive and not necessarily convenient. If you are at work all day and you have a family to take care of or just want some time to yourself, you cant expect to spend your evenings going to classes. The problem with books and tapes is that you cant get the one on one help you deserve. You can only learn enough English through books and tapes to be a tourist and make casual conversation. The way you use oral communication skills can either help or hinder your ability to influence or bond with family ang friends, and affect your performance at work. Many corporate organizations and professional positions require people who are able to speak well and convincingly. Teachers, professors, doctors, sales people, this skill corporate management personnel, trainers and politicians make use of helping you achieve success. Basic principles of effective speaking and listening skills. Oral communication therefore involves two crucial skills, listening and speaking. This kind of talk gives a lot more importance to the listerner as a person than to any exchange of information. Its main purpose is to maintain good social relationship : To keep in touch, to show the listener we care maintain social niceties. for the respect him or her; to

extensively. Clearly, mastery of oral communications skill can play a vital role in

ENGLISH FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION/OUMH1303 Interaction-focussed speech also has its own routines. Below is a typical routine : i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Starting a conversation : greetings, expressions of delight at meeting Giving appropriate response Introducing a new topic Developing the topic. Switching to a new topic Ending the conversation

Effective communication is the pathway to build a strong relationship but unfortunately it's so often overlooked. This article will provide some basic principles and tips for effective communication. From my experience, the three most important basic principles of effective communication are: 1. Always listen when someone is talking. 2. Make sure that it is a two way process. 3. Affirm and acknowledge results.

LISTEN LISTEN and LISTEN The most frustrating thing about communication is when the person whom you are talking to is not listening to you. Before you even finish a sentence, he cuts you off. A lot of the misunderstanding and misinterpretion are caused by not listening to other party.

ENGLISH FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION/OUMH1303 TWO WAY PROCESS Communication should always be a two way process. Make it safe for other to express his views. Effective communication means ideas are exchanging freely.

AFFIRM UNDERSTANDING OR RESULT Effective communication is about the RESULT you get. This is perhaps the most important thing in any communication. It means the person you are communicating to totally understands your point. And you also understand his point. So to ensure that your communication is effective, you must always confirm understanding. That's the three most basic pronciples for an effective communication. It sounds simple but practice, it is perhaps the hardest principles to follow, and has to be constantly worked at. Oral communication skills are a set of abilities enabling individuals to become confident and competent speakers/communicators by the time they graduate. Rather than thinking of oral communication skills as the ability for a student to make a speech, it is important to consider both informal and formal uses of communication within a situation.

Rationale , Oral communication skills equip students to effectively comprehend, critique, and analyze information, Essential elements: The ability The ability The ability to to think critically communicate effectively communicate Learning clearly and persuasively, and express ideas. Oral communication is one of the intellectual and practical skills outlined in AAC&Us Outcomes. Intellectual and practical skills were identified as one of the areas of strategic interest and were defined by President Byrd as including three

to collaborate and work as a member of a team (emphasis added)

ENGLISH FOR ORAL COMMUNICATION/OUMH1303 How Oral Communication Works

Two theories I have selected to inform the reader are Technological Determinism and Genderlect Styles Theories. To my knowledge the reader has no idea of how these two communication theories operate. I will use the knowledge from class lectures and materials such as scholarly articles and online research to inform the reader of how these two theories can be effective in their communication skills. To gain a better understanding of technological determinism and genderlect styles theories it is appropriate to include examples from my research topic of Women and Information Technology However, Women and Information Technology. Oral communication implies communication through mouth. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. Oral communication is generally recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind or where a direct interaction is required. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so as to build a rapport and trust. Oral communication therefore involves two crucial skills - listening and

speaking. Agood way to start improving on your listening skills is to identify the listening behavior appropriate for difference situations. Later, you can work on actually improving your listening skills. Effective listening requires you to listen intently and pay close attention to the speaker. According to Devito (2009 ) effective listening comprises five components : ( i) (ii) (iii) Receiving Understanding Remembering (iv) (v) Evaluating Responding

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Interpersonal communication English language is important to us as a worker as well as a student. One has to communicate effectively so that other people can understand our intention or message. Whether in a workplace or classroom situation, it is important to be able to communicate with others effectively as it will help to develop good rapport. Speaking skill can be improve if we know to use the correct form of oral communication for various contexts such as intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, small group as well as public communication. The rationale of this paper is to uphold the use of effective communication in spoken English for selected social context. In this paper, I will explain on how the oral communication works, the types of oral communication and also its differences in usage of each type.

Three main models of oral communications which will be highlighted throughout this paper are Linear Model, Interactive Model and Transactional Model. Linear Model stated communication as a one-way process. Schramm (1955) however, takes a different view of communication, he believes that communication should involve more than one person where they will be a process of listening and receiving between the speaker and listener and their role are inter-changeable.. Another model which is called as Transactional Model views communications as a constant process where each of the elements involved in the process are all inter-related to one to the others. This model is much better than Interactive Model which not stated that the message receiving and sending can occur at the same time as stated in the current model which is Transactional Model.

There are three types of communication will be discussed in this paper; Interpersonal communication, small communication and public communication (public speaking). Interpersonal communication involves several persons; it may takes place in formal function where you have to entertain your clients as well as in informal situation.

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Interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication is communication between several people. This form of communication may range from the impersonal to the very personal. Impersonal communication is when you talk with a person you do not really care about - there is often a coldness or an indifference in your attitude when you engage in this kind of communication. The most personal type of communication occurs when you talk with people who are close to you, for example , your best friend, family members and colleagues. Interpersonal communication can take place face to face as well as throught electronic channels like video-conferencing, chat rooms, e-mail and Twitter.

Small group communication Small group communication takes place in a group, usually comprising five to ten people. This form of communication serves relationship needs ( like companionship, family bonding and effection or support ) as well as task-based needs for example, deciding on disciplinary action or resolving conflict in the workplace.

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ATTACHMENT

REFERENCES Authors name (year). Book, Title, Publication