Principle and Design Application of Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter

OUTLINE
I. Introduction

II. Review of Switching Characteristics III. Traditional Resonant Topologies IV. Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter V. Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter Operation Principle VI. Design Guidelines and Example
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I. Introduction
Typical applications of power electronics include AC-DC, DC-AC, AC-AC and DC-DC. The requirements of power converter include small size, light weight, high efficiency and high power density. Hard-switching PWM converters suffer from high switching losses, high switching stresses and high EMI noise. Soft-switching PWM converters can alleviate these problems in which a high switching frequency operation can be achieved.
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II. Review of Switching Characteristics

Limitations of hard-switching PWM converters
Operating frequency (50~200kHz) Power density EMI

Review of soft-switching techniques

Zero-voltage switching (ZVS) Zero-current switching (ZCS)

Load-line trajectories of power switches

I

SOA

hard-switching
ON A1 A2

soft-switching
B

V
OFF

Load-line trajectories illustrating switching transitions

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Switching losses
Turn-on loss due to reverse-recovery current of the freewheeling diode

WD =

t on 0

v DS ( t )i DS ( t )dt
v DS C DS ( vDS ) d DS

Turn-on loss by drain-to-source capacitance

WCds =
Turn-off loss

V DS 0

W off =

t off 0

DS ( t )i DS ( t )dt
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. Traditional Resonant Topologies

Three Traditional Resonant Topologies

Series Resonant Converter (SRC) Parallel Resonant Converter (PRC) Series Parallel Resonant Converter(SPRC)

STMicroelectronics

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Series Resonant Converter

Half Bridge Series Resonant Converter

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DC Characteristics and Operating Region of SRC

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Parallel Resonant Converter

Half Bridge Parallel Resonant Converter

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DC Characteristics and Operating Region of PRC

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Series Parallel Resonant Converter

Half Bridge Series Parallel Resonant Converter

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DC Characteristics and Operating Region of SPRC

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IV. Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter

Type 1 Half Bridge LLC Resonant Topologies
D1 T1 Q1 DQ1 CQ1 C1 Ns1 C0 Vout

V in

Lm Lr

Np

Ns2 Q2 DQ2 CQ2 C2 D2

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Type 2 Half Bridge LLC Resonant Topologies

D1 Q1 DQ1 N s1 V in Cr Lr Lm Q2 Np Ns2 C0 Vout T1

DQ2

D2

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LLC Resonant Tank

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LLC DC Characteristics

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LLC DC Characteristics for ZVS/ZCS Region

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LLC DC Characteristics for Three Operating Region

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LLC DC Characteristics for Two Resonant Frequency

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V. Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter operation Principle

Mode 1 (t0~t1)
D1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C1 Lm N p Ns1 Co Vout

V in Lr Q2 D Q2 C2 D2 Ns2

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Mode 1 (t0~t1)

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Mode 2 (t1~t2)
D1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C1 Lm Np Ns1 Co V out

V in Lr Q2 D Q2 C2 D 2 Ns2

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Mode 2 (t1~t2)

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Mode 3 (t2~t3)
T1 Q 1 D Q1 C 1 Lm N p

D 1

Ns1

C o V out

V in Lr Q 2 D Q2 C 2 D2 N s2

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Mode 3 (t2~t3)

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Mode 4 (t3~t4)
T1 Q 1 C Q1 C 1 Lm N p

D 1

N s1

C o V out

V in Lr Q 2 C Q2 N s2

C 2

D 2

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Mode 4 (t3~t4)

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Mode 5 (t4~t5)
D 1 T1 Q 1 D Q1 C 1 Lm N p N s1 C o V out

V in

Lr N s2 Q 2 D Q2 C 2 D 2
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Mode 5 (t4~t5)

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Mode 6 (t5~t6)
D 1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C1 Lm N p N s1 Co Vout

V in N s2 Lr Q2 D Q2 C2 D 2

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Mode 6 (t5~t6)

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Mode 7 (t6~t7)
D 1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C 1 Lm N p N s1 C o V out

V in Lr Q2 D Q2 C 2 D 2 N s2

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Mode 7 (t6~t7)

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Mode 8 (t7~t8)
D 1 T1 Q1 C 1 Lm N p N s1 C o V out

V in Lr Q2 C 2 D 2 N s2

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Mode 8 (t7~t8)

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VI. Design guidelines and example

Control Circuitry Design ST L6599 Resonant Controller Featured Description Pin function description L6599 operate frequency Design Example and Test Result
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Control Circuitry Design

ST L6599 Resonant Controller Featured Description
MAIN FEATURES 50% DUTY CYCLE, VARIABLE FREQUENCY CONTROL OF RESONANT HALF-BRIDGE UP TO 500 kHz OPERATING FREQUENCY INTERFACE WITH PFC CONTROLLER LATCHED DISABLE INPUT BURST-MODE OPERATION AT LIGHT LOAD INPUT FOR POWER-ON/OFF SEQUENCING OR BROWNOUT PROTECTION NON-LINEAR SOFT-START FOR MONOTONIC OUTPUT VOLTAGE RISE 600V-RAIL COMPATIBLE HIGH-SIDE GATE DRIVER WITH INTEGRATED BOOTSTRAP DIODE AND HIGH dV/dt IMMUNITY -300/800 mA HIGH-SIDE AND LOW-SIDE

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Internal Block Diagram of the L6599

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Pins Function of the L6599

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L6599 operate Frequency

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Fmin & Fmax

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Design Example and Test Result

Specification:
Input Voltage: 90VAc~264VAc Output Voltage: 24V/6A 12V/3A 18V/3A Resonant Frequency: 75kHz

Resonant Component Rating:

L101: 200uH C101/C102: 0.022uF/630V Lm: 1mH Np: 54T; Ns1:6T; Ns2:3T

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Load setting

Unit: A +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 0.2 6 3 6 6 +12V 3 0.2 1.5 3 3 +5Vs 0.05 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 +18V 1 1 2 0 3
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Efficiency
Vac-efficiency
Load4() Load5()

92.00% Efficiency 90.00% 88.00% 86.00% 84.00% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Vac

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Regulation1
Vin=90Vac +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.25 11.93 11.91 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.96 4.96 +18V 18.24 18.22 18.22 18.25 18.24 Pin 72.20 192.50 152.10 210.30 278.20 Pout 58.17 164.04 128.96 181.20 235.80 Unit:V Efficiency 80.57% 85.22% 84.79% 86.16% 84.76%

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Regulation2

Vin=100Vac +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.25 11.93 11.91 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.96 +18V 18.24 18.22 18.22 18.24 18.25 Pin 72.00 191.10 151.20 208.20 275.00 Pout 58.17 164.04 128.96 181.20 235.83

Unit:V Efficiency 80.80% 85.84% 85.29% 87.03% 85.76%

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Regulation3

Vin=220VAC +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.25 11.93 11.91 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.96 4.95 +18V 18.23 18.22 18.22 18.23 18.22 Pin 69.50 184.40 146.60 201.10 263.60 Pout 58.16 164.04 128.96 181.20 235.74 Efficiency 83.69% 88.96% 87.97% 90.11% 89.43%

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Regulation4

Vin=260VAC +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.24 11.60 11.92 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 +18V 18.24 18.22 18.22 18.24 18.22 Pin 69.40 183.50 145.60 199.20 261.80 Pout 58.17 164.04 128.47 181.23 235.74 Efficiency 83.82% 89.39% 88.23% 90.98% 90.05%

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