Lectures on ECEN 3054 Electric Circuit 1 Kaycee B.

Victorio Department of Electrical Engineering

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Basic concepts on
SI Units Electric charge and current Voltage, power and energy Dependent sources and other circuit elements

Resistance Inductance Capacitance Passive and active circuit elements

Term Current

Definition any movement of electric charge carriers

SI Unit Ampere, A, is the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length of negligible circular cross section and placed 1 m apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 10-7 N/m Coulomb, C, is defined as the quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current of one ampere

Charge

basic property of matter carried by some elementary particles; can be positive or negative, occurs in discrete natural units and is neither created nor destroyed

Term Resistance

Definition property of an electric circuit or part of a circuit that transforms electric energy into heat energy in opposing electric current
property of a conductor that is measured by the size of the electromotive force, or voltage, induced in it, compared with the rate of change of the electric current that produces the voltage

SI Unit Ohm, , is equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere

Inductance

Henry, H, is the value of selfinductance in a closed circuit or coil in which one volt is produced by a variation of the inducing current of one ampere per second

Term Capacitance

Definition
property of an electric conductor, or set of conductors, that is measured by the amount of separated electric charge that can be stored on it per unit change in electrical potential

SI Unit Farad, F, when one coulomb of electricity changes the potential between the plates by one volt

Voltage

the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field

Volt, V, is equal to the difference in potential between two points in a conductor carrying one ampere current when the power dissipated between the points is one watt.

Term Power

Definition time rate of doing work or delivering energy

SI Units Watt, W, is the power dissipated in an electrical conductor carrying one ampere current between points at one volt potential difference

Energy

the capacity for doing work

Joule, J, is equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one meter

Type Conductance (G)

Definitions the readiness with which a conductor transmits an electric current expressed as the reciprocal of electrical resistance the reciprocal of the impedance of a circuit

SI Units Siemens, S, is the reciprocal of the resistance in ohms

Admittance (Y)

Siemens, S, is the reciprocal of the resistance in impedance

Frequency

the number of cycles or vibrations undergone during one unit of time by a body in periodic motion

Hertz, Hz, a unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second

Term Force (F)

Definition any action that tends to maintain or alter the motion of a body or to distort it region in the neighbourhood of a magnet, electric current, or changing electric field, in which magnetic forces are observable
measure of the actual magnetic field within a material considered as a concentration of magnetic field fluxes, per unit crosssectional area

SI Unit
Newton, N, is defined as that force necessary to provide a mass of one kilogram with an acceleration of one metre per second per second Weber, W, the amount of flux that, linking an electrical circuit of one turn (one loop of wire), produces in it an electromotive force of one volt as the flux is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second

Magnetic flux ()

Magnetic flux density (B)

Tesla, T, is equals to one weber per square metre

Is the path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, devices that use current and the connecting wires or transmission lines.

Element Passive circuit element or passive element

Definitions Circuit element that takes energy from the sources and either convert it another form or store it in electric or magnetic field Circuit element that is able to supply energy to the network Energy source in the circuit that is not affected by the changes in the connected circuit Energy source in the circuit that is affected by the changes in the connected circuit

Active circuit element or active element Independent source

Dependent source

Dependent voltage and current sources are depicted below with a diamond shaped terminal (b) and (d). Independent sources are (a) and (c). Passive elements resistance (e), inductance (f) and capacitance (g).

End of discussion Fundamentals of electric circuit ECEN 3054 Network Analysis 1