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Summary of the Paper

Natural products as corrosion inhibitor for metals in corrosive media A review


Inhibitors are often easy to apply and offer the advantage of application without causing any significant disruption to the process. However, there are several considerations when choosing an inhibitor: Cost of the inhibitor can be sometimes very high when the material involved is expensive or when the amount needed is huge. Toxicity of the inhibitor can cause jeopardizing effects on human beings, and other living species. Availability of the inhibitor will determine the selection of it and if the availability is low, the inhibitor becomes often expensive. Environment friendliness. Though many synthetic compounds showed good anticorrosive activity, most of them are highly toxic to both human beings and environment. The safety and environmental issues of corrosion inhibitors arisen in industries has always been a global concern. These inhibitors may cause reversible (temporary) or irreversible (permanent) damage to organ system viz., kidneys or liver, or to disturb a biochemical process or to disturb an enzyme system at some site in the body. The toxicity may manifest either during the synthesis of the compound or during its applications. These toxic effects have led to the use of natural products as anticorrosion agents which are ecofriendly and harmless. In recent days many alternative eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors have been developed, they range from rare earth elements to organic compounds. In the present review a detailed account of green inhibitors is given. In 1930, plant extracts (dried stems, leaves and seeds) of Celandine (Chelidonium majus) and other plants were used in H2SO4 pickling baths. An additive, ZH-1 consisting of finely divided oil cake, a byproduct formed in the phytin manufacture was developed for the control of corrosion. Cabrera et al. found that molasses treated in alkali solution inhibit the corrosion of steel in HCl used in acid cleaning. El-Etre has studied the application of natural honey as corrosion inhibitor for copper in aqueous solution. Similar study has also been conducted on carbon steel. Parikh et al. studied the anticorrosion activity of onion, garlic and bitter gourd for mild steel in HCl media. The corrosion inhibition activity in many of these plant extracts could be due to the presence of heterocyclic constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids etc., Even the presence of tannins, cellulose and polycyclic compounds normally enhances the film formation over the metal surface, thus aiding corrosion. The recent trend of reporting the plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors has one main drawback. Rarely the phytochemical investigation is carried out on the extract and efforts are seldom made to pinpoint the active ingredient present in the plant extract. It is also likely that a mixture of constituents present may potentiate the inhibitive effect of one particular constituent. But it is still amazing to see reports wherein inhibition to the extent of 98% efficiency is achieved. It is certain that natural compounds emerge out as effective inhibitors of corrosion in the coming years due to their biodegradability, easy availability and non-toxic nature. Careful perusal of the literature clearly reveals that the era of green inhibitors has already begun.

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