Code No: R05220304 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Illustrate the constructional details of an I.C engines? Explain briefly about
important components?
(b) How do you classify I.C. Engines? Explain in detail. [8+8]

2. (a) What is abnormal combustion in S.I. Engine? Compare the abnormal com-
bustion with normal combustion.
(b) Explain the desirable characteristics of a good combustion chamber for S.I.Engine.
[8+8]

3. (a) Define the terms swirl and squish and differentiate between them.
(b) Describe the operational features of air cell combustion chamber with suitable
diagrams. [8+8]

4. (a) List the parameters by which performance of an engine is evaluated.

(b) Find the bore of the single-cylinder diesel engine working on the four-stroke
cycle and delivers 40 kW at 200 rpm from the following date:
Compression ratio : 14:1
Fuel cut-off : 5% of stroke
Index of compression curve : 1.4
Index for expansion curve : 1.3
Pressure at beginning of compression : 1 atm
Ratio of stroke to bore : 1.5 to 1. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain with the help of neat sketch the working of a single stage reciprocating
air compressor.
(b) Derive the equation for shaft work for single stage air compressor without
clearance
i. when law of compression followed is isothermal.
ii. when law of compression followed is pVn = C. [16]

6. An uncooled centrifugal compressor of the single-sided impeller type has to deliver

8 kg/s of air with a pressure ratio of 4.4 to 1 at 18000 r.p.m. The entry to the
eye, for which the internal diameter is 125 mm, is axial and the mean axial velocity
at the eye section is 135 m/s with no pre-whirl. Static pressure and temperature
at the eye section are respectively 98 KPa and 150 C. The isentropic efficiency of
compressor is 78% and slip factor 0.92. Neglecting other losses, calculate :

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 1
(a) the rise in temperature during compression if the change in kinetic energy is
negligible;
(b) the tip speed and impeller tip diameter; and
(c) the external diameter of the eye. [16]

7. (a) Moist air exists at total pressure of 0.01325 bars and 250 C dry bulb tempera-
ture. If the degree of saturation is 50%, using steam-tables determine Specific
humidity, Dew- point temperature and Specific volume of moist air.
(b) What is ‘wet bulb temperature’ ? How is it measured ? Standing with final
expression for ‘wet bulb temperature’ and ‘thermodynamic wet bulb temper-
ature’, determine the condition for which these two are equal. [16]

8. A conference room for seating 100 persons is to be maintained at 220 C DBT and
60% RH. The outdoor conditions are 400 C DBT and 270 C WBT. The various loads
in the auditorium are : sensible and latent heat loads per person, 80 W and 50 W
respectively ; lights and fans 15000 W. Air infiltration is 20 m3 /min and fresh air
supply is 100 m3 /min. Recirculated room air and fresh air are mixed before entering
the cooling coils. The bypass factor of the coils is 0.1. Determine the grand total
heat load, ESHF and ADP. [16]

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) List all engines classified according to cylinder arrangements? State merits of
each.
(b) Why filtration of oil is necessary in lubrication? Explain. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain different stages of combustion in S.I.Engine along with p-θ diagram.
(b) What are different methods to control the knocking in S.I.Engine? Explain.
[8+8]

3. (a) Explain the influence of different operating parameters on ignition delay during
combustion process in C.I. Engine.
(b) Describe the phenomenon of knocking in C.I. Engine and how it is different
from S.I. Engine detonation. [8+8]

4. (a) List the parameters by which performance of an engine is evaluated.

(b) Find the bore of the single-cylinder diesel engine working on the four-stroke
cycle and delivers 40 kW at 200 rpm from the following date:
Compression ratio : 14:1
Fuel cut-off : 5% of stroke
Index of compression curve : 1.4
Index for expansion curve : 1.3
Pressure at beginning of compression : 1 atm
Ratio of stroke to bore : 1.5 to 1. [8+8]

5. A three-stage compressor is used to compress hydrogen from 1.04 bar to 35 bar and
to deliver it to a receiver. The initial temperature is 150 C, the law of compression
is pV1.25 = constant, and it is same for each stage. Assuming equal stage pressure
ratios, perfect inner-cooling and neglecting clearance, determine the theoretical
power required to deliver 14 m3 per minute measured at given suction conditions
R = 4125 J / kg K. [16]

6. A helicopter gas turbine requires an overall pressure ratio of 10 : 1. This is to be

obtained using a two-spool layout consisting of a four-stage axial flow compressor
followed by a single-stage centrifugal compressor. The polytropic efficiency of the
axial flow compressor is 92 percent and that of the centrifugal is 83 percent. The
axial compressor has stage temperature rise of 300 C, using symmetrical stages with
a stator outlet angle of 200 . If the mean diameter of each stage is 250 mm and
each stage is identical, calculate the required rotational speed. Assume a work done
factor of 0.86 and a constant axial velocity of 150 m/s. Assuming an axial inlet at

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 2
the eye of the impeller, an impeller diameter of 330 mm, a slip factor of 0.90 and
a power input factor of 1.04, calculate the rotational speed required for centrifugal
compressor. Ambient conditions are 1.01 bar and 288 K. [16]

7. In an aqua ammonia absorption system, the highest and lowest pressures are 16 bar
and 3 bar respectively. The concentration of strong solution is 0.4 and degassing
range is 0.1 With suitable assumptions. Find for 10 TR-machine the following:

(a) Rate of heat transfer in different elements of the system

(b) HCOP
(c) Exergetic efficiency. [16]

8. An air conditioned space is to be supplied with 300 cm of air at 200 C dry bulb and
40% relative humidity. Unconditioned air from atmosphere at 320 C dry bulb and
280 C dew point is supplied to the dehumidifier coils, from where the same passes
on to a heating coil before entering the conditioned space. Determine the cooling
required. Solve the problem from first principles. [16]

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain thermosyphon cooling system with a neat diagram?

(b) Compare and contrast the differences between SI engine with CI engine? [8+8]

2. (a) Explain different stages of combustion in S.I.Engine along with p-θ diagram.
(b) What are different methods to control the knocking in S.I.Engine? Explain.
[8+8]

3. (a) How to create turbulence in C.I. Engine combustion chamber in order to get
better mixing air fuel?
(b) What are different additives to be added in C.I.Engine? Explain the use of
additives. [8+8]

4. A nine-cylinder petrol engine of bore 150 mm and stroke 200 mm has a compression
ratio 6:1 and develops 360 kW at 2000 rpm when running on a mixture of 20% rich.
The fuel used has a calorific value of 43 MJ/kg and contains 85.3% carbon and
14.7% hydrogen. Assuming volumetric efficiency of 70% at 170 C and mechanical
efficiency of 90% , find the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine. [16]

5. A three stage double acting air compressor, operating at 200 r.p.m. takes in air at
1 bar and 270 C. The low pressure cylinder size is 35 cm × 40 cm. The intermediate
pressure cylinder and the high pressure cylinder have the same stroke as the low
pressure cylinder. The discharge pressures from the first stage and the second stage
are 4 bar and 16 bar. And the air is finally delivered at 64 bar. The air is cooled to
initial temperature in the intercooler after each stage and there is a drop of pressure
of 0.2 bar in each of the intercoolers. The clearance volume in each cylinder is 5% of
the stroke volume, but the compression indices are 1.2, 1.25 and 1.3 for compression
and expansion in each of the 1st , 2nd and 3rd stages respectively. Neglect the effect
of piston rods and assume 0.287 kJ/kg K and Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg K. Determine :

(a) Heat rejected in each of the intercoolers and also during compression process
in each stage. Also find the heat rejected in the after-cooler if the delivered
air is cooled to initial temperature.
(b) The diameter of the intermediate pressure and the high pressure stage cylin-
ders.
(c) The shaft power required to drive the compressor with mechanical efficiency
of 85%. [16]

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 3
6. Determine the absolute Mach number of the flow at the exit of the radial vaned
impeller of a centrifugal compressor when the radial component of the velocity at
impeller exit is 28 m/s and the slip factor is 0.9. The impeller tip speed is 350 m/s.
If the impeller exit area is 0.08 m2 and the total head isentropic efficiency of the
impeller is 90%, determine the mass flow rate. Take r = 1.4, Cp = 1.005 KJ / Kg
K, R = 0.287 KJ / Kg K and T01 = 2880 K. [16]

7. In an ammonia absorption system, the pressures are 12 bars and 3 bar. The concen-
tration of strong solution, weak solution, vapour after generator and vapour before
condenser may be taken as 0.4, 0.3, 0.96 & 0.99 respectively. The reflux tem-
perature is 600 C. A heat exchanger is used between the absorber and generator.
Find

(a) Heat received or rejected in the absorber, generator, condenser & evaporator
per kg of NH3 .
(b) Exergetic efficiency. [16]

8. Room air at 260 C DBT and 50% RH is mixed with outdoor air at 430 C dBT
and 40% RH in the ratio of 4 : 1. The mixture is passed through a cooling coil
maintained at 50 C with a BF of 0.15. The air from the cooling coil is mixed with
room air in the ratio of 4 : 1. The mixture is then reheated to 200 C DBT and
supplied to the conditioned space.

(a) Show the flow diagram schematically

(b) Show the different processes on a psychrometric chart.
(c) For 450 kg of supply air per minute, determine the quantity of fresh air needed,
the refrigeration load and the heat supplied to the reheater coil. [16]

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are different fuel injection systems for C.I engines? Explain any one?
(b) Sketch and explain the valve timing diagram for 4 stroke S.I engines? [8+8]

2. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Flame propagation velocity

(b) Desirable characteristics of combustion chamber in S.I.Engine
(c) Pre-ignition. [6+5+5]

3. (a) Differentiate between uncontrolled combustion and controlled combustion in

C.I. Engine.
(b) How to achieve air swirl in the combustion chamber of C.I. Engine? [8+8]

4. (a) Enumerate the various engine efficiencies. Explain.

(b) A four cylinder engine running at 1200 rpm gave 18.6 kW brake power. The
average torque when one cylinder was cut out was 105 N-m. Determine the
indicated thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is 42000kJ/kg and
the engine used 0.34 kg of petrol per brake power hour. [6+10]

5. (a) Discuss how the clearance affects the performance of multistage compressors.
(b) In two stage compressor, prove that the work done on 1 kg of air is minimum
with perfect intercooling when the intermediate pressure is the geometric mean
of the suction and delivery pressure or pi = pd ps . [16]
√

6. A multistage axial flow compressor with equal work done per stage and same ve-
locity of flow through out the compressor has the following data :

Overall stagnation pressure ratio =4

Stagnation inlet temperature = 500 C
Relative air angle at rotor inlet = 1300
Relative air angle at rotor outlet = 1000
Blade velocity = 200 m/sec
Degree of reaction = 0.5
Overall stagnation adiabatic efficiency = 0.85
The data refer to mean blade height and the measurement of angle is done in the
same sense from the blade velocity diagram Calculate :

(a) Stagnation outlet temperature

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Code No: R05220304 Set No. 4
(b) Number of stages. [16]

7. (a) State the desirable properties of a refrigerant. Which element in CFCs reacts
with ozone? What is meant by global warming?
(b) It is proposed to replace R-12 by ozone friendly R-134a in a refrigeration plant
of 10 TR capacity with evaporator and condenser temperatures of 00 C and
400 C respectively. Considering standard saturation cycle (evaporator exit and
condenser exit as saturated states), compare the mass flow rate, compressor
work (kW), condenser heat rejection (kW) and COP for the two refrigerants.
The saturation properties and vapour specific heats are as follows: (TR= Tons
of refrigeration) [16]

8. In an air-conditioning system, the inside conditions are dry bulb temperature 250 C,
relative humidity 50% and dry bulb temperature 400 C, wet bulb temperature 270 C
respectively. Room sensible heat factor is 0.8. 50% of room air is rejected to
atmosphere and an equal quantity of fresh air added before air enters the Air-
conditioning apparatus. If the fresh air added is 100 m3 /minute, determine the
following assuming the bypass factor as zero, density of air = 1.2 kg/m3 at a total
pressure of 1.01325 bars. Draw the process diagram :

(a) Room sensible and latent heat load ;

(b) Sensible and latent heat load due to fresh air ;
(c) Apparatus dew point ;
(d) Humidity ratio and dry bulb temperature of air entering Air-conditioning ap-
paratus. [16]

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