Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Department of Town and Regional Planning

National Diploma in Town and Regional Planning

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author: Dr Molefe C. Joseph
Qualifications: BSc, MPhil (UB, Botswana), PhD (Reading, UK)

Team member: Mr George Onatu

Qualifications: BSc (Univ of Benin), MSc (WITS), Cert (UNISA), MSAPI, MAfRES

Date of module review: 27/06/2011

Module Name

THEORY OF PLANNING
Course Module Code: PSSB111

LEARNING GUIDE
2011 Academic Year

Edition 1

Copyright University of Johannesburg, South Africa Printed and published by the University of Johannesburg
All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 98 of 1978, no part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or used in any form or be published, redistributed or screened by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the University of Johannesburg.

Quick Help
Where to start

Check your learning package to ascertain that you have the following:

A printed copy of the learning guide for Module A prescribed textbook that you must buy yourself

If you do not have the learning guide, please inform your lecturer / the staff at the learning material store (D Lab at APK; allocated rooms at other campuses). For assistance to log onto the student portal go to http://student.uj.ac.za or ask the assistants in the computer laboratory to help you. From the student portal go to Edulink to explore the different tools in your web learning environment for important information: Class calendar Lecture/ work schedule Contact details Assignments and assessments

Table of Contents
QUICK HELP .............................................................................................................. I
WHERE TO START ................................................................................................................ I

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................. II SECTION A: ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS ............................................................... 1

WELCOME .......................................................................................................................... 1 CONTACT INFORMATION....................................................................................................... 1
University of Johannesburg ............................................................................................................. 1 Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment .......................................................................... 1 Department of Town and Regional Planning .................................................................................. 1

LECTURE/WORK SCHEDULE .................................................................................................. 1

Schedule for Weekly Lecture Times ............................................................................................... 1 Schedule for Student Consultation Times ....................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE ........................................................................................... 1 CLARIFICATION OF KEY CONCEPTS ....................................................................................... 2 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ................................................................................................ 2
Plagiarism........................................................................................................................................ 2 Grievance procedure ....................................................................................................................... 3 Sick tests ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Class attendance ............................................................................................................................ 3

SECTION B: PROGRAMME AND MODULE INFORMATION .................................. 3

COMPOSITION OF THE PROGRAMME (QUALIFICATION) ............................................................ 3 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................ 3 MODULE NQF LEVEL ........................................................................................................... 3 DURATION OF MODULE ........................................................................................................ 3 PURPOSE OF THE MODULE ................................................................................................... 4 COMPOSITION OF MODULE (BRIEF OUTLINE) .......................................................................... 4 MODULE STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................... 4 MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES ............................................................................................ 5 MODULE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA .......................................................................................... 5
Assessment type ............................................................................................................................. 5 Semester mark allocation ................................................................................................................ 5 Final mark allocation ....................................................................................................................... 6

TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGY .................................................................................... 6 EXAMINATION ENTRANCE/PROMOTION REQUIREMENTS .......................................................... 6 FEEDBACK MECHANISMS ...................................................................................................... 6 RESOURCES FOR THE MODULE/UNITS ................................................................................... 6
Prescribed/recommended readings ................................................................................................ 6 Additional reading material .............................................................................................................. 7 Online learning resources ............................................................................................................... 7 University library .............................................................................................................................. 7

ACTION WORDS TO NOTE ..................................................................................................... 8

ii

Section A: Administrative details

Welcome
Welcome to the Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus for the 2011 Academic Year National Diploma Programme.

Contact information
University of Johannesburg
Information Centre: Tel: 011 559 2637 Fax: Website: www.uj.ac.za

Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment

Faculty Officer: Ms Bathabile Malaza Tel: 0115596616, Fax: 0115596448, Email: bathabilem@uj.ac.za

Department of Town and Regional Planning

Secretary: Lecturers: Ms Amanda Van Der Westhuizen Tel: 011 559 6428, Fax: 011 559 6630, Email: amandav@uj.ac.za Dr Molefe C. Joseph Tel: 011 559 6350, Room: 6205, Email: mjoseph@uj.ac.za Mr George Onatu Tel: 011 559 6062, Room 6202, Email: gonatu@uj.ac.za

Lecture/work schedule
Schedule for Weekly Lecture Times
LECTURE DAYS Mondays Wednesdays LECTURE TIMES 13:00 15:55 (1 hour tutorial) 15:00 16:55 LECTURE VENUE 4309 John Orr Building 6106 John Orr Building

Schedule for Student Consultation Times

WEEK DAYS Mondays Tuesdays Wednesdays Thursdays Fridays Dr Molefe C. Joseph 09:00 10:00 09:00 10:00 09:00 10:00 10:00 11:00 Research day (no consultation) Mr George O. Onatu 15:00 16:00 09:00 10:00 (General Issues)) 16:00 17:00 Research day (General Issues) 10:00 11:00

Introduction to the module

Building on the learning units covered under History and Principles of Planning (PSSA111), this module introduces the learners to theory of planning in relation to different land uses. In creating sustainable and habitable human settlements town planners allocate portions of land to different uses and thus it is important to understand the requirements of such uses. The module appreciates the definition of town planning given by John Ratcliffe as concerned with providing the right site, at the right time, in the right place, for the right people. The module is intended to introduce the learners to theoretical models and concepts of land use planning as well as the requirements of different land uses constituting urban settlements. Being theoretical in its approach, this module requires all students to actively participate in class and share their insights and knowledge about the allocation of land to different uses.

Clarification of key concepts

This module is informed by these and other key concepts as defined by the University of Johannesburg Learning Support Material Policy and the Teaching and Learning Policy:

DEFINITIONS A module-specific learning facilitation tool serving as a map for the Learning guide students. It contains organizational as well as learning facilitation components. Learning support Concrete products that are results of programme development and material programme design activities which are constructed in any medium or combination of media that are conducive to learning. Learning outcome The contextually demonstrated end-product/result of the learning process. Learning unit A smaller component of a module or unit standard consisting of learning activities linked to a single outcome. A combination of related learning units forms a module. Module A predetermined unit of teaching and learning (building block) within a progamme with an institutionally determined credit value and duration (sometimes referred to as a subject or course).

CONCEPTS

Policies and procedures

The University of Johannesburgs educational policy, General Regulation and Faculty Regulations is applicable and is available for scrutiny by students at the Faculty Office.

Plagiarism
Academic dishonesty and plagiarism are not tolerated at all and all culprits will be punished accordingly. As defined by the University of Johannesburg academic policies: Plagiarism is the verbatim (word-for-word) use of anothers work and presenting it as if it were ones own.

It is important to acknowledge any thoughts, ideas and information which are not your own. It is also important to use a standard form of referencing to provide all relevant information that will help any person who may be interested to read further about the information. As a result, you need to keep an accurate record of collecting your data. You will be required to properly cite your source(s) when referring to an item within your text. You are also required to fully indicate the reference where the citation can be found at the end of your work. The different departments within the University may require you to use a particular (or different) way of citation, the common one being the Harvard. It is therefore important for you to enquire and adhere to the requirements set by your departments. The proper procedures are laid down by the University and the Faculty and are responsible for strategies that address means of preventing, monitoring and handling acts of plagiarism.

Copyright issues are handled in accordance with DALRO principles and procedures. For this particular module you are required to visit the UJ library website and download the document on Reference Techniques and strictly follow the Harvard style in all your assignments.

Grievance procedure
You are required to follow laid procedures, solve problems, and be able to manage conflict. The Faculty has grievance procedures which must be followed in case of any dissatisfaction. If you experience any problem in this module, you must first consult with the module lecturer or the faculty officer as soon as possible so that an appropriate solution can be found. If you are not satisfied with the solution then you must consult with the Head of the Department, and proceed to consult with the Deputy Dean or the Dean of the Faculty if still not satisfied.

Sick tests
The learner should apply in writing for an ill-health/aegrotat test/examination. A prescribed application form should be completed and submitted to the Departmental Secretary with all the necessary proof (e.g., ill-health certificate or affidavit, etc.). Most importantly, all learners are warned against fake ill-health as an excuse to avoid writing scheduled assessments. The department will take appropriate actions to end such unprofessional behaviour.

Class attendance
It is required that each and every student must personally attend all the scheduled lecture sessions for this module. Time is a scarce resource and thus punctuality is vital to ensure that the limited time allocated for this module is used optimally. Class attendance and active participation of students in class discussions are important for the success of this module. Class attendance contributes 5% to the Semester Mark and therefore students are required to sign the attendance register during each and every lecture session they have attended.

Section B: Programme and module information

Composition of the programme (Qualification)
The following eleven modules will be completed this academic year: Semester One Core modules
CDR1112 PSSA111 CSAA131 GSS1111 SSS111 Drawing for Planners 1 History & Principles of Planning 1 DPS211 PSSB111 ASS1111 CES1111 CSAB131 EIRT111

Semester Two Core modules

Planning Design 2 Theory of Planning 1

Fundamental Modules
Communication Studies 1A Geography for Planners 1 Surveying 1

Fundamental Modules
Survey and Analysis 1 Civil Engineering for Planners 1 Communication Studies 1B Computer Skills 1

Entry requirements
A prospective student must have taken and successfully completed the prerequisite module on History and Principles of Planning (PSSA111) offered in the first semester.

Module NQF level

NQF level Credits 5 14

Duration of module
This module is offered during the second semester of first year of the National Diploma. 3

Purpose of the module

The purpose of this module is to introduce the theory of planning in relation to land use. The module will acquaint students with the requirements of planning for different land uses constituting urban settlements such as residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural.

Composition of module (brief outline)

The following is a brief outline of the learning units covered under this module: Learning Units
Learning Unit 1 Learning Unit 2 Learning Unit 3 Learning Unit 4 Learning Unit 5 Learning Unit 6 Learning Unit 7 Learning Unit 8

Learning Content
Introduction Theoretical concepts on urban land use A rational for urban land use planning Layout planning and design concepts Urban land uses Stakeholders in development Legislation and policy on land use management Town planning schemes

Module structure
Each lecture week has 5 contact hours comprising 2 hour lecture session every Monday and 2 hour lecture session and 1 hour tutorial session every Thursday (see lecture timetable). The following table provides the learning content to be covered under each learning unit. Learning Units
Learning Unit 1: Introduction Learning Unit 2: Theoretical concepts on urban land use

Learning Content
A recap on the definitions of urban settlements and town planning. A recap on the planning process. Descriptive concepts (Concentric-Zone, Sector, Multiple-nuclei); Explanatory concepts (A classic theory of land use, A transportation-oriented theory of land use, Social values in theory construction); Speculative concepts (A communications view; A human interaction approach, An accessibility emphasis) Public interest, health and safety, convenience and accessibility, efficiency and energy conservation, environmental quality, social equity and social choice, and amenity. Grid, Garden city, neighbourhood unit, Radburn, Woonerf, traditional neighbourhood development. Land use analysis and evaluation, land tenure systems, circulation and access, residential land use, commercial land use, industrial land use, public, institutional and office, recreational and open spaces, agricultural land use, and mixed land uses. Systems affecting land use, the three levels of government in South Africa (national, provincial, and municipal), the concept of decentralization. Provincial Ordinances, Development Facilitation Act, Removal of Restrictions Act, Less Formal Township Establishment Act, Land Development Objectives, Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Bill 2011, Integrated Development Plans, Spatial Development Framework

Lecture Week
Week 1

Week 2-3

Learning Unit 3: A rational for urban land use planning Learning Unit 4: Layout planning and design concepts Learning Unit 5: Urban land uses

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6 - 8

Learning Unit 6: Stakeholders in development Learning Unit 7: Legislation and policy documents on land use management

Week 9-10

Week 11-12

Learning Unit 8: Town planning schemes

Series A and B maps, building line, building restriction, by-laws, consent use, coverage establishment, floor area, floor area ratio, consolidation of properties, height allowance, schedules and annexure existence.

Week 13-14

Module learning outcomes

At the end of module the learner must: Have an understanding of the theoretical underpinning land use planning. Have an understanding of the rational for urban land use planning. Have an understanding of different land tenure systems. Have an understanding of different land uses constituting urban settlements. Have an understanding of the stakeholders in development and planning processes. Have an understanding of different legislations and policy documents applied in the management of land use in South Africa.

Module assessment criteria

Continuous assessment is followed as part of the teaching and learning process. Students are given well-blended formative assessment opportunities (2 annotations, 2 assignments, 2 tests, class attendance, and group presentations if possible) during the semester to build up a Semester Mark and a summative Examination at the end of the semester in June 2011. The following tables provide schedule of assessments and their respective mark allocations.

Assessment type
ASSESSMENT Annotation Assignment 1 Test 1 Assignment 2 Test 2 Final Examination Supplementary Exam SCOPE Unit 2-3 Unit 4 Unit 1-4 Unit 6-8 Unit 5-8 All Units All Units ASSESSMENT METHOD Brief critical response paper Two weeks long essay Two hours invigilated Test Two weeks long essay Two hours invigilated Test Three hours long Exam Three hours long Exam DATE/DEADLINE 03 August 2011 29 August 2011 21 Sept 20111 03 October 2011 19 October 2011 # November 20112 # December 2011

Semester mark allocation

ASSESSMENT TYPE Class attendance Annotation Assignment 1 Assignment 2 (advanced) Test 1 Test 2 (advanced) Semester mark
1
2

% CONTRIBUTION TO SEMESTER MARK 5% 15% 15% 20% 20% 25% 100%

NOTE 1: Test days are subject to charge due to the availability and/or allocation of rooms. NOTE 2: Exact dates to be communicated in October through the Global Examination Timetable of the University.

Final mark allocation

ASSESSMENT TYPE Final Point Mark Examination Mark Total Final Mark % CONTRIBUTION TO FINAL MARK 50% 50% 100%

Teaching and learning strategy

An integrated teaching and learning approach is followed in this module. This means that learning is facilitated by more than one support resource, e.g., face-to-face contact, Edulink, a learning guide, and active participation of learners in presentations and class discussions.

Examination entrance/promotion requirements

A minimum of 40% is required as Semester Mark (FPM) for admission to the Examination in November 2011. In order to pass this module the minimum average of the Semester Mark and the Examination Mark (Final Mark) should be 50%. A minimum Final Mark of 45% is required for admission to the Supplementary Examination in December 2011.

Feedback mechanisms
Constructive feedback is an essential part of the teaching and learning process, and as such, the lecturer will give written and oral feedback after each assessment opportunity. This module adopts student-centred teaching and learning approach, and as such, all the learners are highly encouraged to cooperate and encourage each other to attend lectures.

Resources for the module/units

Prescribed/recommended readings
This module like all other TRP modules requires learners to read widely. Generally, introductory town planning and urban geography textbooks contain a chapter or two on some of the learning units dealt with in this module. The following textbooks available at the University of Johannesburg Libraries are recommended for the module. You are advised to buy your personal copies of any of these books to make your reading more convenient. 1. Behrens, Rodger and Watson, Vanessa (1996) Making Urban Places Principles and Guidelines for Layout Planning. UCT Press (Pty) Ltd., Rondebosch. 2. Carter, Harold (1995) The Study of Urban Geography (4th edition). Arnold, London, New York, Sydney and Auckland. 3. Chapin, Francis Stuart and Kaiser, Edward J (1985) Urban Land Use Planning (3rd edition). University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago. 4. Eisner, Simon, Gallion, Arthur and Eisner, Stanley (1993) The Urban Pattern (6th edition). New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore and Toronto: John Wiley and Sons, INC. 5. Kaplan, David H., Wheeler, James O. and Holloway, Steven R (2004) Urban Geography. United States of America: John Wiley and Sons, INC.

Additional reading material

Additional reading material in the form of lecture presentations and any other relevant article will be uploaded on Edulink one day before and/or after the lecture session for each learning unit. You are encouraged to read any town and regional planning textbook you may lay your hands on because each and every textbook contain useful information for this module.

Online learning resources

You must activate your course in the student website in order to access it on Edulink. Please refer to the logon procedure on the Edulink brochure. You are encouraged to engage and familiarize yourselves with Google Scholar and other authentic online resources. Although online resources are encouraged in this module you are advised against overreliance on using Wikipedia as it is very difficult to properly reference material from it. You are strongly warned against cutting and pasting online material on your assignments.

University library
You are required to contact the Librarian for information on different resources available such as Online Databases in order to access free academic journal papers and e-Books. The University of Johannesburg Library is well resourced with study material for this module and thus you are required to make full use of it by visiting its branches in all the Campuses.

Action words to note

The following table provides a list of action words that will be used in this module: ACTION WORD Apply Calculate Classify Compare Convert Define Demonstrate Derive Describe Differentiate Discuss Distinguish Draw Explain Formulate Identify Illustrate Interpret List/Name Motivate Name Organise Predict Relate Solve Summarise Understand MEANING AND REQUIRED ACTION Put to practical use or make use of a relevant equation or law. Determine the value, using formulae or specific calculation methods. Group concepts or subjects together based on certain characteristics or commonalities. Point out the similarities and differences between objects or points of view. The word contrast can also be used. Transform a quantity expressed in one unit to a quantity expressed in another unit. Give a short and clear description of a term or concept. Show clearly/prove/make clear by reasoning or evidence/illustrate and explain, especially with many examples. Deduce or infer something from the given information. Tell in detail how a process works or how a subject appears. You need not comment on the process or the subject or give your own point of view. Find differences between objects or statements. Explain terms or concepts in your own words. Give comments or give your own point of view. Write down the differences between subjects or concepts. Create a drawing, diagram or representation of a subject or concept. Write about the subject in your own words. Clarify or give reasons it may be useful to use examples or illustrations. You must prove that you understand the content. Express in a concise, systematic way. Establish the identity or recognise a process. Explain by means of detailed descriptions and drawings. Explain or clarify the meaning of a concept/value. Briefly write down the facts or main points. Give reason(s) for your answer. Nominate or specify a site or process. Arrange data according to certain criteria. Use the facts available to derive an outcome. Show the relation/connection of entities, how the concepts can be linked. Find an answer by using critical thinking and/or calculations. Briefly state/list/write down only the most important detail/facts. Show insight into or know the meaning/nature of a concept or term; to comprehend.