UNIT I Two Mark questions 1. Write the expressions for m.m.f and reluctance. (NOV/DEC-2003)(MAY/JUNE-2007) 2.

What are the different types of induced emf? Give examples. (NOV/DEC-2003) (APR/MAY2005) 3. What is mean by leakage flux? (APR/MAY-2004) (MAY/JUNE-2006) (NOV/DEC-2007) 4. How can the eddy current loss be reduced? (APR/MAY-2004) 5. State two types of induction motors. (NOV/DEC-2004) 6. What is statically induced emf? (NOV/DEC-2004) 7. What are the components of total flux of a transformer? (APR/MAY-2005) 8. Define the terms m.m.f and reluctance. (NOV/DEC-2005) 9. What is the method used to reduce the eddy current loss? (NOV/DEC-2005) 10. State the basic types of rotating electrical machines. (MAY/JUNE-2006) 11. What is mean by Stacking factor? (NOV/DEC-2006) 12. State and explain Lorentz force equation. (NOV/DEC-2006) 13. A coil of 1000 turns is linking a flux of 0.01 Wb. The flux is reversed in an interval of 0.1 s. Calculate the average value of the emf induced in the coil. (MAY/JUNE-2007) 14. The self inductance of a coil of 600 turns is 0.3 H. If 80% of the flux set up by this coil is linked with a second coil of 9000 turns, calculate a. The mutual inductance between the two coils and b. Emf induced in the second coil when the current in the first coil changes at the rate of 120A/s (NOV/DEC-2007) 15. Define co efficient of coupling. (APR/MAY-2008) 16. What is dynamically induced emf? (APR/MAY-2008) (NOV/DEC-2008) 17. State the ohms law for magnetic circuits. (NOV/DEC-2008) 18. Define reluctance. (APR/MAY-2009)P 19. What are the types of magnetic losses? (APR/MAY-2009) BIG QUESTIONS (THEORY) 1. Write short notes on B-H curve? 2. Explain various types of losses of a magnetic circuit. Derive the formula for calculating the losses. 3. Explain in detail about magnetic circuits. 4. Derive the relationship b/w mutual inductance and co-efficient of coupling. 5. Explain in detail about A.C operation of the magnetic circuits. 6. Write in brief about hysteresis and eddy current losses. 7. Write in detail about magnetically induced emf and derive the relative expressions. 8. Derive the terms of self inductance and mutual inductance. Derive the expressions for the self and mutual inductance of two coil connected in series. 9. Explain two different types of magnetic circuits with neat diagram. 10. Derive the relationship b/w mutual inductance and self inductance of two magnetically coupled coils.

UNIT-I 1. A steel ring 30 cm mean diameter and of circular section in diameter has an air gap 1 mm long. It is wound uniformly with 600 turns of wire carrying current of 2.5 A. Find (1) Total m.m.f. (2) Total reluctance (3) Flux. Neglect magnetic leakage. The iron path takes 40% of the total m.m.f.(N/D-03) 2. When two coils are connected in series, their effective inductance is found to be 10 H. When the connections of one coil are reversed, the effective inductance is 6H. If the coefficient of coupling is 0.6, calculate the self inductance of each coil and the mutual inductance.(N/D-03) (N/D-05) 3. Two mutually linked air cored coils a and b have complete inductances La = 0.05 H and Lb=0.15 H. Coil a is excited and coil b is left open. It is found that when the current in coil a decreases at a uniform rate from 6A to 1A in 0.005 second a voltage of 60.6 volts is induced in coil b. Determine the mutual inductance and coupling coefficient. (A/M-05) 4. The magnetic circuit frame shown in fig. 1 is built of iron of square cross section of 3 cm. Each air gap is 2 mm wide and each of the coil is wound with 1000 turns. The relative permeability of par A and B are 1000 and 1200 respectively. Calculate the total reluctance. (N/D-05)

Fig.1 5. For the magnetic circuit shown in fig. 2 find the self and mutual inductances between two coils. Core permeability = 1600. (N/D-06)

Fig. 2

6. An electro magnetic relay has an exciting coil of 800 turns. The coil has a cross sectional area of 5 cm x 5 cm. Find Coil in inductance if the air gap length is 0.5 cm. Field energy stored for a coil current of 1.25 A. Permeance at air gap (M/J-07) 7. An iron rod 1.8 cm diameter is bent to form a ring of an mean diameter 25 cm and wound with 250n turns of wire. A gap of 1 mm exists in between the end of faces. Calculate the current required to produce a flux of 0.6 mWb. Take relative permeability of iron as 1200. (M/J-07) 8. An iron magnetic circuit has an uniform cross sectional area of 4 cm2 and a length of 25 cm. A coil of 125 turns is wound uniformly over the magnetic circuit. When the current in the coil is 1.5 A the total flux developed is 0.3 mWb. Find the relative permeability of the iron. (N/D-07) 9. A straight conductor 0.25 m long carries a current of 80A and lies at right angles to a magnetic field of 0.5 T. Find the mechanical force developed on the conductor. If the force causes the conductor to move at velocity of 12m/s, calculate the emf induced in it. (N/D-07) 10. Two identical coils A and B consisting of 1500 turns each lie in parallel planes such that 705 of the flux produced by the current in coil A link the coil B. Current of 4A flowing in the coil A produces in it a flux of 0.04 mWb. Calculate (1) self inductance of each coil and (2) mutual inductance between them.(A/M-08) 11. A steel ring of 25cm mean diameter and circular section 3 cm in diameter has an air gap of 1.5 mm length . It is wound uniformly with 700 turns of wire carrying current 2A. Calculate m.m.f, flux density, magnetic flux, reluctance and relative permeability of steel ring.(A/M-08) 12. An air cored solenoid of mean diameter 5 cm is 80 cm long. It is wound with 1200 turns. Calculate the inductance. If the current flowing in the coil on the solenoid is changed from 5A to -5A in 0.03s, find the emf induced in the coil.(A/M-08)

13. Two coils having 100 and 150 turns respectively are wound side by side on a closed
iron circuit of section 125cm2 and mean length of 200 cm. If permeability of iron is 2000, calculate 1. The self inductance of each coil 2. The mutual inductance between them and 3. The emf induced in second coil if the current in first coil changes from 0 to5 A in 0.02 seconds. (N/M-08) 14. The total core loss of a specimen of silicon steel is found to be 1500W at 50 Hz. Keeping the flux density constant, the loss becomes 3000W when the frequency is raised to 75Hz. Calculate separately the hysteresis and eddy current losses at each of those frequencies.(N/M-08)

15. A self induced voltage of 20 V is produced in a coil of 10 H. Find the rate of change of current in the coil that is needed to produced this voltage. If the coil has 4000 turns, calculate the corresponding rate of change of magnetic flux.(M/J-09) 16. The core of an electro magnet is made of iron rod of 1 cm diameter, bent into a circle of mean diameter 10 cm, a radial air gap of 1 mm being left between the ends of the rod. Calculate the direct current needed in coil of 2000 turns uniformly spaced around the core to produce a magnetic flux of 0.2 m Wb in the air gap. Assume that relative permeability of the iron is 150, that the magnetic leakage factor is 1.2 and that air gap is parallel.(M/J-09) 17. Coil of 1000 turns is linking a flux of 0.01 Wb. The flux is reversed in an interval of 0.1 s. Calculate the average value of the emf induced in the coil. (MAY/JUNE-2007) 18. The self inductance of a coil of 600 turns is 0.3 H. If 80% of the flux set up by this coil is linked with a second coil of 9000 turns, calculate The mutual inductance between the two coils and emf induced in the second coil when the current in the first coil changes at the rate of 120 A/s (NOV/DEC-2007) UNIT II TRANSFORMERS TWO MARKS (UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Define voltage regulator of a transformer. (N/D-03) (M/J-06) (N/D-08) (M/J-09) Draw the typical equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer. (N/D-03) (N/D-07) What is in ideal transformer? (A/M-04) Define all day efficiency of a transformer. (A/M-04) (N/D-04) (N/D-05) (N/D-06) State the different losses which occur in transformer. (N/D-04) What is the condition for maximum efficiency and regulation of a transformer? (A/M-05) (M/J-06) List the various application of an auto transformer. (A/M-05) What is the application of equivalent circuit of single phase transformer? (N/D-04) What is dielectric loss in a transformer? (N/D-06) What are the components of magnetic losses in transformer and on what factors do they depend? (M/J-07) Write down equations for volt ampere transferred inductively and volt ampere conductively in an auto transformer. (M/J-07) What is the effect of unequal R/X ratio? (N/D-07) Compare core and shell type transformers. (A/M-08) Why the efficiency of transformer more than that of other rotating machines? (A/M-08) Why the transformer rating expressed in KVA? (N/D-08) What are the advantages of auto transformer as compared to two winding transformer? (M/J-09) BIG QUESTIONS 1. Draw the equivalent circuit and explain the principle of an auto transformer. Also derive the expression for the volume of copper of an auto transformer. (N/D-03) (A/M-08) 2. Write short notes on parallel operation of transformer. (N/D-03) (A/M-08) (N/D-08)

3. Develop an equation for induced emf in a transformer winding in terms of flux and frequency. (A/M-04) (A/M-05) 4. Draw and the equivalent circuit of a transformer showing all parameters. (A/M-04) 5. Explain the working principle of auto transformer(A/M-04) (N/D-04) (A/M-05) (M/J-06) 6. What are the different 3- phase transformer connections? (A/M-04) (M/J-07) 7. Derive the equivalent circuit of a single phase two winding transformer. (N/D-04) (M/J07) (A/M-08) (N/D-08) 8. With proper connection and phasor diagrams describe the different ways of connecting three phase transformer(N/D-04) (M/J-06) 9. Explain in detail about the phase conversion using transformers. (A/M-05) 10. Explain in detail about the parallel operation of a single phase transformers. (N/D-05) 11. Derive an expression for the saving in copper effected by using an auto transformer instead of two winding transformer. (M/J-07) (A/M-08) 12. Explain how the efficiency of the transformer may be estimated from the open circuit and short circuit test. (N/D-07) 13. Deduce the equivalent circuit of an auto transformer. (N/D-07) 14. Explain construction of transformers with necessary diagrams. (A/M-08) (M/J-09) 15. Write short notes on tap changing transformers. (M/J-09) UNIT-II 1. A 20 KVA, 2500/250 V 50 Hz single-phase transformer gave the following test result: Open circuit test (on LV side)-250V, 1.4 A, 105 Watts Short circuit test (on HV side)-104V, 8 A, 320 Watts Compute the parameters of the approximate equivalent circuit referred to high voltage and low voltage sides. Also draw the exact equivalent circuit referred to the low voltage side. Also calculate the efficiency at half and full load at unity power factor. (N/D-03) (M/J-09) 2. A single phase transformer on full load has an impedance drop of 20 V and resistance drop of 10 V. Calculate the value of power factor, when its regulation will be zero.(A/M04) 3. The maximum efficiency of a single phase 250 KVA, 2000/250 V transformer occurs at 80% of full load and is equal to 97.5% at 0.8 p.f. Determine the efficiency and regulation on full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging, if the impedance of the transformer is 9 percent.(N/D-04) 4. A 5 KVA, 2300/230 V, 50 Hz transformer was tested for the iron losses with normal excitation and copper losses at full load and there were found to be 40 W and 112W respectively. Calculate the efficiencies of the transformer at 0.8 power factor for the following KVA outputs: 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5.0, 6.25 and 7.5 Plot efficiency Vs KVA output curve. (A/M-05) (N/D-06) 5. A 15 KVA, 2000/200 V transformer has an iron loss of 250 W and full load copper loss 350 W. During the day it is loaded as follows: No. of hours 9 7 6 2 Calculate the all day efficiency.(N/D-05) Load load Full load load No load Power factor 0.6 0.8 1 -

6. Data of a 500 KVA, 3300/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer is given below. S.C. test: 1250 W, 100 V secondary short circuited with full load current in it. O.C. test: 1000 W with normal primary voltage. Calculate the full load regulation and efficiency at power factor 0.8 lag.(M/J-06) 7. Find all day efficiency of a transformer having maximum efficiency of 98% at 15 KVA at unity power factor and loaded as follows: 12 hours 2 KW at 0.5 p.f. lag. 6 hours 12 KW at 0.8 p.f. lag. 6 hours at no load. (N/D-06) 8. The primary and secondary windings of a 30 KVA, 6.6 KV / 240 V transformers have resistance of 10 and 0.013 respectively. The leakage reactances of the windings are 17 and 0.022 . Estimate the percentage voltage regulation of the transformer when it is delivering full load at 0.8 p.f. lag, at the rated voltage. (M/J-07) 9. A 100 KVA, 6.6 KV/415 V single phase transformer has an effective impedance of (3 + j8) referred to the HV side. Estimate the full load voltage regulation at (1) 0.8 p.f. lagging and (2) 0.8 p.f. leading. (N/D-07) 10. A coil of 1000 turns is linking a flux of 0.01 Wb. The flux is reversed in an interval of 0.1 s. Calculate the average value of the emf induced in the coil. (MAY/JUNE-2007) 11. The self inductance of a coil of 600 turns is 0.3 H. If 80% of the flux set up by this coil is linked with a second coil of 9000 turns, calculate a. The mutual inductance between the two coils and b. Emf induced in the second coil when the current in the first coil changes at the rate of 120 A/s (NOV/DEC-2007) 12. A 600 KVA, single phase transformer when working at unity power factor has an efficiency of 92% at full load and also at half load. Determine its efficiency when it operates at unity power factor and 60% of full load. (N/D-08) UNIT-III ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION TWO MARK QUESTIONS 1. Write the energy balance equation of a motor. (N/D-03) (M/J-09) 2. Give any four examples for singly excited magnetic system. (N/D-03) 3. How the energy stored in a magnetic system? (A/M-04) (N/D-07) 4. Draw the diagram of a magnetic field system with two electrical excitations. (A/M-04) 5. What are the causes for irrecoverable energy loss when the flux in the magnetic circuit undergoes a cycle? (N/D-04) 6. Write an expression for the mechanical energy output when the armature is move from one position to another with constant coil current. (N/D-04) 7. Write the energy balance equation of a machine (A/M-05) (A/M-08) 8. What is meant by electromagnetic torque? (A/M-05) 9. Give the examples for multiply-excited magnetic field system and explain the term multiply excited system. (N/D-05) 10. With help of a block diagram explain about electro mechanical energy conversion device. (N/D-05)

11. Why the relationship b/w current and coil flux linkages of electro mechanical energy conversion devices are linear? (M/J-06) 12. With respect of field energy, how the mechanical force produced by a field acts? (M/J-06) 13. Write the expression for the principle of energy conservation (N/D-06) 14. Distinguish among field energy and co-energy (N/D-06) 15. What is co-energy (M/J-07) 16. State the advantages of field energy method. (M/J-07) 17. What is a multiple excited magnetic field system? (N/D-07) 18. What are the two types of magnetic systems? State their examples. (A/M-08) 19. Draw the general block diagram of an electromechanical energy conversion device. (N/D-08) 20. Write the application of singly excited and multiply excited magnetic field systems. (N/D-08) 21. What is meant by co-energy density? (M/J-09) BIG QUESTIONS 1. Draw the circuit and explain the concept of a doubly excited magnetic system. (N/D-03) 2. Also derive the expression for the magnetic torque and force developed. (N/D-03) 3. Derive the expression for mechanical force developed by magnetic field(A/M-04) 4. Explain the i- characteristics of a magnetic system. Also derive the expression for co-energy density assumes i- relationship of the magnetic circuit linear. (N/D-04) (N/D-07) (A/M-08) (N/D-08) 5. Consider an attracted armature relay is excited by an electric. Explain about the mechanical force developed and the mechanical energy output with necessary equations, for linear and non linear cases. (N/D-04) 6. Write in brief about multiple-excited system. (N/D-04) 7. Explain in concept of electromechanical energy conversion with neat diagram. (A/M-05) 8. Explain the concept of singly-excited machines and drives the expression for electromagnetic torque. (A/M-05) 9. Derive the expression for the magnetic torque developed in a doubly excited translational magnetic system. (N/D-05) (N/D-08) 10. Explain in detail about energy in magnetic system. (M/J-06) 11. With one example derive the co-energy of a multiply-excited magnetic field system. (M/J-06) (M/J-07) (A/M-08) 12. Explain the function of multiply-excited magnetic systems (N/D-06) 13. Derive the expression for the field energy and mechanical force of a electrical systems and explain them. (N/D-06) 14. With a neat block diagram, explain the energy flow in an electromechanical energy conversion device. (M/J-07) (N/D-07) 15. Derive an expression for force developed in single current excited system. (M/J-07) 16. Derive the expression for magnetic stored energy for singly excited system. (A/M-08) 17. Derive the expression for co-energy in the two types of magnetic systems. (M/J-09) 18. Deduce an expression for energy stored in a magnetic field. (M/J-09) UNIT-III(PROBLEMS) 1. Two coupled coils have self and mutual inductance of 1 1 1 L11 = 3 + ; L22 = 1 + ; L12 = L21 = ; 3x 3x 3x Over a certain range of linear displacement x. The first coil is excited by a constant current of 10 A and the second by a constant current of -5A. Find the mechanical work

2.

3.

3.

4. 5.
6.

done if x changes from 0.5 to 1m and energy supplied by each electrical source for the above cases.(A/M-05) The self and mutual inductance of the two exciting coils of a multiply excited translatory systems are: 3.6 1 .8 L11 = L22 = ; L12 = L21 = ; 1 +2x 1 +2x Calculate the time, average force and coil currents at x = 0.4 m when both coils are connected in parallel across a voltage source of 100 cos 314t. (N/D-05) Two coupled coils have self and mutual inductance of L11 = 3 + 0.5x ; L22 = 2 + 0.5x ; L12 = L21 = 0.3x Over a certain range of linear displacement x. The first coil is excited by a constant current of 15 A and the second by a constant current of -8A. Find the mechanical work done if x changes from 0.6 to 1m and energy supplied by each electrical source for the above cases (M/J-06) For a particular relay excited by a voltage source, the i, are related as i = 3 + 5 2 + 4 (1-3x) 2 where x < Find the force an the armature as a function of and x. (M/J-07) For a particular relay excited by a voltage source, the i, are related asi = 2 3 + 8 2 + 6 (1-2x)2 where x < Find the force an the armature as a function of and x (N/D-07) The magnetic flux density on the surface an iron face is 1.6 Tesla. Which is a typical saturation level value for Ferro magnetic material? Find the force density on the iron face. (N/D-08). A coil has inductance of 0.4H and the current through it increases steadily at the rate of 200A/s what is the value of voltage induced in the coil? If the current rises to steady value of 25A, what is the energy stored in the coil? (A/M-09).

UNIT-IV BASIC CONCEPTS IN ROTATING MACHINES TWO MARKS: 1. Define the term pole pitch (N/D-03) (A/M-05) (M/J-06) 2. Define the term synchronous speed. (N/D-03) 3. What is the function of an exciter? (A/M-04) (M/J-06) 4. Define breath factor. (A/M-04) (N/D-06) (N/D-08) 5. What are the advantages when the stator coils are short pitched? (N/D-04) (N/D-08) 6. Write the expression for synchronous speed. (N/D-04) 7. Write the emf equation of d.c machine. (A/M-05) 8. Define the term pole pitch and commutator pitch (N/D-05) 9. Define the term distribution factor (N/D-05) 10. What is a commutator? (N/D-06) 11. Draw the MMF space wave of a single coil. (M/J-07) 12. State the torque equation for round rotor machine. (M/J-07) 13. What is distributed windings? (N/D-07) (M/J-09) 14. Write down the formula for pitch factor and state the advantages of short pitch coil. (N/D-07) 15. Define pitch factor (A/M-08) 16. State the assumptions made while obtaining m.m.f space wave of a single phase distributed winding. (A/M-08) 17. Define winding factor (M/J-09) BIG QUESTION:

1. Explain the concept of rotating m.m.f. waves in a.c machines. (N/D-03) 2. Explain the constructional features of synchronous machines. (N/D-03) (N/D-05) (N/D-08) 3. Derive the expression for the r.m.s value of e.m.f induced in induction machines. (N/D-03) 4. Explain m.m.f of distributed A.C windings. (A/M-04) (N/D-04) (N/D-05) 5. Drive an expression for torque developed in round rotor machine in terms of resultant flux /pole due to super imposition of the stator and rotor m.m.f. Also state if any assumptions is made. (A/M-04) (N/D-04) (M/J-07) (N/D-07) (N/D-07) (M/J-09) 6. Explain the various concepts of magnetic fields in rotating machines. (A/M-05) 7. Explain with neat diagram the concept of MMF space wave of a single coil. (A/M-05) 8. Explain the production of torque in synchronous machines (motoring) (A/M-05) (N/D-05) 9. Derive the expression for the generated emf in synchronous machine.(M/J-06) (N/D-08) 10. Discuss about rotating MMF waves in AC machines. (M/J-06) (N/D-08) 11. List out the various magnetic leakages in rotating machines. Explain them in detail.(N/D-06) 12. Derive the expression for (1) Distribution factor (2) Pitch factor (M/J-07) 13. Prove that m.m.f. wave of a single phase distributed AC winding is pulsating. (M/J-07) (A/M-08) 14. Derive the EMF equation of an alternator. Discuss the effect of winding factor on the induced EMF. (N/D-07) 15. Prove that the resultant MMF wave of 3-phase AC windings rotates in space with speed but its magnitude is constant. (N/D-07) (N/D-07) 16. Derive the expressions for the R.M.S. value of induced e.m.f. in a.c. machines. (N/D-07) (M/J-09) 17. Explain in detail the nature of rotating m.m.f waves in( i ) Single phase AC machines.( ii ) 3phase AC machines (M/J-09) UNIT-IV 1. A 4- pole machine has 60 slots and 8 conductors per slot. The total flux per pole is 20 mWb. For a relative speed of 1500 rpm, between field flux and armature winding, calculate the generated armature voltage if the machine is 1. A d.c machine with lap connected winding and 2. A 3 phase star connected machine with winding factor equal to 0.96. All the turns in each phase are in series.( N/D -03 ) 2. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz synchronous machine has its rotor winding with 364 distributed conductors having a winding factor Kb = 0.957. the machine has an air-gap of 0.8 cm. It is desired to have a peak air-gap flux density of 1.6 T. Rotor length = 1.02 m, rotor diameter = 41cm. 1. Calculate the field current required and flux/pole 2. The armature has 3 full pitch coils 9 turns coils/pole pair. Calculate the open circuit phase voltage and the live voltage of the phases is connected in star. 3. If the desired to have an open circuit r.m.s 3/4th of that found in part 2, what should be the field current?(N/D-06) 3. A 3 phase, 50Hp, 4pole, 5o Hz induction motor has a winding designed for delta connection. The winding has 24 conductors per slot arranged in 60 slots. The r.m.s value of the line current is 48 A. Find the fundamental of the m.m.f. wave of phase A when the current is passing through its maximum value. What is the speed and peak value of the resultant m.m.f./ pole. (N/D-06)

4. A 3 phase, star connected alternator, on open circuit, is required to generate a line voltage of 3.4 KV, 50 Hz, when driven at 500r.p.m.The Stator has 3 slots per pole and phase, and 10 conductors per slot. The coils are short chorded by one slot. Calculate. 1. No. of poles 2. Useful flux per pole (M/J 07) 5. A 3 phase, 16 pole, star connected alternator has 240 stator slots with 8 conductor per slot and the conductor of each phase are connected in series. The coil span is 144 electrical degrees. Determine the phase and line e.m.fs if the machine speed at 375 rpm and the flux per pole is 6.1 mega lines distributed sinusoidally in the air-gap.(N/D-07) 6.A 3 phase, 400 KVA, 50 HZ, star connected synchronous generator running at 300 rpm is designed to develop 3,300 V between terminals. The armature consists of 180 slots, each slot having one coil side with eight conductors. Determine the peak value of the fundamental m.m.f in AT/pole when the machine is delivering full load current.(N/D-08) UNIT-V DC MACHINES TWO MARKS: 1. Name the various methods of decreasing the effects of armature reaction. (N/D-03) (N/D05) 2. Draw the speed-current and torque current characteristics of a d.c series motors. (N/D-03) 3. List the different methods of speed control of d.c shunt motor. (A/M-04) 4. State the condition at which the maximum d.c motor efficiency occurs. (A/M-04) 5. Draw the torque current characteristics of various types of d.c. motors. (N/D-04) 6. State the function of no volt coil of the starter. (N/D-04) 7. What is meant by armature reaction? (A/M-05) (A/M-08) 8. What are the various methods of improving commutation? (A/M-05) 9. What is regenerative test? Give an example. (N/D-05) 10. What is the function of compensating winding in d.c machine? (M/J-06) 11. State the different speed control methods used for d.c. shunt motor. (M/J-06) 12. What are the advantages of Hopkinsons test? (N/D-06) 13. What are the causes of failure of d.c shunt generator to excite? (N/D-06) 14. Why the main poles in DC machines constructed with laminated steel sheets instead of solid steel? (M/J-07) 15. List the different methods of speed control employed for DC series motor. (M/J-07) 16. What is the function of inter poles? (N/D-07) 17. Enumerate the factors on which the speed of DC motors depends. (N/D-07) 18. What are the significance of back emf? (A/M-08) 19. Draw the circuit model of a dc machine for generating mode. (N/D-08) 20. Define the term critical field resistance of a dc shunt generator. (N/D-08) 21. Draw the electrical characteristics of D.C. series motor. (M/J-09) 22. List the excitation methods of d.c generator. (M/J-09) BIG QUESTIONS: 1. Derive the emf equation of a d.c generator. (N/D-03) (N/D-08)

2.

Draw the diagram of a 3 point starter and explain. (N/D-03) (M/J-06) (N/D-06) (M/J-07)

(M/J-09) 3. Draw the performance characteristics of different types of d.c generators and explain them. (N/D-03) 4. What is meant by speed control of a d.c motor? Explain the various methods in detail. (N/D-03) (A/M-08) 5. Explain the constructional details of a d.c machine. (A/M-04) (M/J-06) 6. Draw the circuit diagrams for separately excited generators and self excited series generator indicating all the currents and voltages. (A/M-04) 7. With neat circuit diagram explain how will you conduct Swinburnes test. Also show how to calculate the efficiency when the machine is running (i) as a motor (ii) as a generator. (A/M04). (A/M-05) (N/D-08) 8. Explain Swinburnes test for pre determining the efficiency of a D.C.machine. (N/D-04) 9. Explain different methods used for the speed control of d.c shunt motor. (N/D-04) (N/D06) (N/D-07) (N/D-08) 10. What is meant by circuit model of d.c machine? Explain them in detail. (A/M-05) 11. Explain in various methods of excitation of D.C. machines. (A/M-05) 12. Explain the methods of speed control of D.C. motors with field control. (A/M-05) 13. Explain the methods of speed control of D.C. shunt motors with armature control. (N/D05) 14. Draw the circuit of a 2 point starter and explain the principle of operation. (N/D-05) 15. What is an armature reactor? Discuss the method to modify the effects of armature reactors. ((M/J-06) 16. Derive the emf equation and torque equation of a D.C. machine. (N/D-06) 17. Draw the circuit model of a D.C. machine in motoring mode and explain it function. (N/D-06) 18. Describe with neat sketches the process of commutation in a D.C generator. Explain the methods adopted for obtaining satisfactory commutation. (M/J-07) 19. Explain the armature reaction in D.C machine and how this can be neutralized. (N/D-07) (M/J-09) 20. Draw the performance characteristics of different types of d.c generators and explain them. (A/M-08) 21. Explain various methods of commutation. (A/M-08) 22. Draw and explain the external characteristics of shunt, series and compound D.C generators. (N/D-08) 23. Draw and explain the electrical and mechanical characteristics of d.c compound motors. (M/J-09) PROBLEMS:

1. A 4 pole lap wound d.c generator has a useful flux/pole of 0.6 Wb. The armature winding
consists of 200 turns, each turn having resistance of 0.003; calculate the terminal voltage when running at 1000 rpm if armature current is 5A. (N/D-03). 2. A shunt generator running at a speed of 1000 rpm gave the following magnetization curve: EMF. in V: 95 179 224 251 272 281 Field current in A: 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 If the field circuit resistance is 60 , determine (i) The voltage which the machine will build up running at the same speed.

The value of the field regulating resistance if the machine is to build up to 130 V, when its field coils are grouped into two parallel circuits and generator is run at 500 rpm. (N/D-05) 3. A 75 kW, 500 V DC shunt motor has 4 poles and wave connected armature winding with 492 conductors. The flux per pole is 0.04 Wb and full load efficiency is 91%. The armature and commutating pole windings have a total resistance of 0.08 and shunt field resistance is 200 . Calculate for full load (i) the speed (ii) Useful torque delivered to the load and (iii) The torque developed. (M/J-07) 4. A 110 V, DC series motor when taking 50 A, runs at 300 rpm. The armature resistance is 0.1 and there are four field coils, each 0.01 , in series in it. Find the speed if the load torque be doubled and the field coils arranged in series parallel ( 2 in series, 2 sets in parallel) (M/J-07) 5. A six pole, wave wound, 500 rpm DC shunt generator has armature and field resistances of 0.5 and 250 respectively. The armature has 250 conductors and flux per pole is 40mWb. If the load resistance is 15 , determine the terminal voltage and load current. (N/D-07)

(ii)

6. A 220 V, DC series motor takes 50 A. Its armature resistance is 0.1 and series
resistance is 0.12 . If the iron and friction losses equal the copper losses at this load, find the output and commercial efficiency. (N/D-07) 7. A series motor is running with a speed of 800 rpm while taking a current of 20A from the supply of 250 V. If the load changed such that the current drawn by the motor is increased to 50 A, calculate the speed of the motor on new load. The armature and series field winding resistances are 0.2 and 0.3 respectively. Assume the flux produced is proportional to the current (A/M-08) 8. The Hopkinsons test on two similar shunt machines gave the following data: Line voltage = 110 V, Line current = 48 A, motor armature current = 230A, field current are 3A and 3.5A, Armature resistance of each is 0.035 . Calculate the efficiency of each machines assuming a brush contact drop of 1 V per brush. (M/J-09)