Code No: R05221003 Set No.

1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Derive an expression for time response of a 2nd order under damped system
when subjected to unit ram input. Show that the nature of the response is
the same as that for a unit step input. Fine an expression for the steady state
error.
(b) Define accuracy and precision of a measuring instrument with suitable exam-
ples. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain
measurement system with temperature compensation.
(b) Describe the working and construction of resistance Thermometers. Describe
the materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical
characteristic curve. [8+8]
3. (a) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal
arms,also find the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small
unbalance.
(b) A Wheatstone bridge is connected for a Varley Loop test as shown in figure 3.
when the switch is in position 1, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000Ω, R2 =
2000Ω , R3 = 100Ω . When switch is in position 2, the bridge is balanced with
R1 = 1000Ω, R2 = 2000Ω, and R3 = 99Ω. If the resistance of the earthed wire
is 0.15 km, how many metres from the bridge has the ground fault occurred?
[10+6]

Figure 3
4. (a) Explain measurement of pressure using capacitive transducer.

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 1
(b) How the capacitive transducer is useful for the measurement of level of a non-
conducting liquid. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the construction and working of resolver to digital converters.

(b) With the help of neat sketch explain the construction and working of digital
to resolver converters. [8+8]

6. (a) The voltage sensitivity for barium titanate is 12 × 10 - 2 Vm/N while that of
quartz is 50 × 10−12 Vm/N. The permitivity of barium titanate is 12.5 × 10−9
F/m an that of quartz is 40.6 × 10−12 F/m. Calculate the charge sensitivities
and their ratio.
(b) Show how a thermocouple can be used as temperature transducer. [8+8]

7. (a) Derive an equation for output voltage of a Charge amplifier.

(b) Draw its frequency response. What are the merits and demerits of a Charge
amplifier. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the principle of working of SAW-device thermometer? Draw the char-
acteristics.
(b) Explain the principle of working of Quartz crystal thermometer? [8+8]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) An instrument reads the values for four different readings 4.0, 4.1, 3.9, 4.2.
What is the absolute error and mean error?
(b) An instrument measures 4.1V, 4.1V, 4.1V, and 4.1V in four readings. Is the
instrument precise? Explain. If the true value is 4V, what is the error? [8+8]
2. (a) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram the principle of operation of a strain
measurement system with temperature compensation.
(b) Describe the working and construction of resistance Thermometers. Describe
the materials used for RTDs along with their properties. Sketch this typical
characteristic curve. [8+8]
3. (a) What is Voltage Divider?
(b) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal
arms,also find the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small
unbalance? [4+12]
4. (a) How are synchros useful in error detection and correction in a servo control
system.
(b) What do you understand by a dynamic error of a synchro system. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the construction & working of Max Well’s Bridge with necessary equa-
tions.
(b) Explain the working of Hay’s Bridge with the help of necessary equations.
[8+8]
6. (a) A mercury thermometer has a capillary tube of 0.3 mm diameter. If the bulb
is made of zero expansion material what volume must it have if a sensitiv-
ity of 3mm/o c is desired? Assuming operating temperature to be 20o C and
coefficient of volumetric expansion of mercury is 0.181 × 10−3 .
(b) Explain the factors affecting the static accuracy of filled in thermometers.[8+8]
7. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of Trans impedance amplifier and explain its oper-
ation.
(b) Show how current is measured by integration, using Electrometer amplifier.
[8+8]
8. (a) digital shaft encoder is used to control the position of the lift in a building
having ten storeys such that the floor level is maintained within 10 mm. If
the interfloor height is 3 m, what design of the encoder would be necessary?

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 2
(b) Explain how phototransistors can be used in operation of relay. [8+8]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Describe mathematical model of measurement system.

(b) A 0-15V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full scale reading. The
voltage measured by this instrument is 75V. Calculate the limiting error in
percent. Comment upon the result. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain in detail the constructional features and the theory of operation of
the wire type strain gauge.
(b) A strain gauge of nominal resistance of 200Ω is fixed on one flat surface of a
short column of 2 cm x 2 cm cross sectional area. The column is subjected to
an axial force of 100n. The strain gauge forms, one arm of a bridge with other
arms all -31ual to 200ohm. Find the open circuit output of the bridge excited
by 10V. Given, Young’s modulus of elasticity = 2.1x10N/M2 . [8+8]

3. (a) What are the issues to be considered when using a divider for conversion of
voltage to resistor variation and derive its expression?
(b) Compare the measuring accuracy of a Wheatstone bridge with the accuracy
of a ordinary ohmmeter? [10+6]

4. (a) How are synchros useful in error detection and correction in a servo control
system.
(b) What do you understand by a dynamic error of a synchro system. [8+8]

5. With the help of the diagram explain the construction and working principle of
resolver. [16]

6. Describe the construction and working of Bimetallic thermometers. Derive the ex-
pression for radius of curvature when the bimetallic element is used as a cantilever.
Describe the methods of construction used for increasing their sensitivity. Explain
their applications, temperature range, advantages and disadvantages. [16]

7. (a) Explain the operation of Electrometer amplifier.

(b) What are the cautions to be taken while designing Electrometer circuits.[8+8]

8. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the operation of vibrating cylinder sensor
(b) What is a frequency sensor? Where it is used? Explain in detail. [8+8]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A first order instrument which has a time constant of 0.5 sec. is subjected to
an input of 2 sin 3t 5 sin 30t fine the response of the instrument
(b) Define the terms
i. Precision
ii. Dead space,
iii. Hysteresis
iv. Resolution. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the measurement of torque using strain gauge torque method. Also
give the advantages of this method.
(b) In an equal arm wheatstone bridge the single active gauge has nominal re-
sistance of 120 ohms, and is made of advanced material having a thermal
coefficient of expansion of 30 × 10−6 m/m0 C and temperature coefficient of re-
sistance of 12 × 10−06 ohm/ohm0 C . The other three arms are fixed resistors
having negligible temperature coefficients. If the thermal coefficient of ex-
pansion of 13 × 10−6 m/m0 C . Calculate the bridge output for a 60 C rise in
specimen temperature, if the gauge current is 0.25 mA. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal
arms,also find the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small
unbalance.
(b) A Wheatstone bridge is connected for a Varley Loop test as shown in figure 3.
when the switch is in position 1, the bridge is balanced with R1 = 1000Ω, R2 =
2000Ω , R3 = 100Ω . When switch is in position 2, the bridge is balanced with
R1 = 1000Ω, R2 = 2000Ω, and R3 = 99Ω. If the resistance of the earthed wire
is 0.15 km, how many metres from the bridge has the ground fault occurred?
[10+6]

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 4

Figure 3
4. (a) Explain the principle of capacitive transducer which uses the principle of
change in dielectric constant for measurement of displacement
(b) Explain the different principles of working of capacitive transducers. [8+8]
5. (a) How carrier amplifiers are classified. Explain any one of them.
(b) How variable oscillators are classified. Explain any one of them. [8+8]
6. (a) Derive the expression for impulse response of piezo-electric transducers.
(b) A pulse is applied to a piezo-electric transducer for a time T. Prove that in
order to keep the undershoot to a value within 5%, the value of time constant
should be approximately 20T. [8+8]
7. (a) With a block diagram explain the operation of Chopper amplifier
(b) How the frequency response limitation of Chopper amplifier is overcome.[10+6]
8. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the operation of vibrating cylinder sensor.
(b) A photo transistor of circuit shown in figure8 with characteristics shown in fig.
has a supply voltage of 20V and a collector load resistance of 2kΩ. Determine
the output voltage when the illumination level is :
i. Zero
ii. 200 W/m2
iii. 400 W/m2 . [8+8]

Figure 8

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Code No: R05221003 Set No. 4
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