Economy - overview : Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile

valley, where most economic activity tak es place. Egypt's ec onomy was highly c entralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but has opened up considerably under former President Anwar EL-SADAT and c urrent President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Cairo from 2004 to 2008 aggressively pursued ec onomic reforms to attract foreign inv estment and facilitate GDP growth. The global financial c risis has slowed the reform efforts. The budget deficit climbed to over 8% of GDP and Egy pt's GDP growth slowed to 4.6% in 2009, predominately due to reduced growth in export- oriented sectors, including manufacturing and tourism, and Suez Canal revenues. In 2010, the gov ernment spent more on infrastructure and public projects, and exports drove GDP growth to more than 5%, but GDP growth in 2011 is unlikely to bounce back to pre- global financial rec ession lev els, when it stood at 7%. Des pite the relatively high levels of economic growth ov er the past few years , liv ing conditions for the average Egyptian remain poor. GDP (purchasing power parity) : $500.9 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 $475.7 billion (2009 est.) $454.8 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars GDP (official exchange rate) : $216.8 billion (2010 est.) GDP - real growth rate : 5.3% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 49 4.6% (2009 est.) 7.2% (2008 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP) : $6,200 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 136 $6,000 (2009 est.) $5,900 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars GDP - composition by sector : agriculture: 13.5% industry: 37.9% services: 48.6% (2010 est.) Labor force : 26.1 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 21 Labor force - by occupation : agriculture: 32% industry: 17%

services: 51% (2001 est.) Unemployment rate : 9.7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 108 9.4% (2009 est.) Population below poverty line : 20% (2005 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share : lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 27.6% (2005) Distribution of family income - Gini index : 34.4 (2001) country comparison to the world: 90 Investment (gross fixed) : 18.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 Public debt : 80.5% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 17 80.9% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices) : 12.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 210 11.9% (2009 est.) Central bank discount rate : 8.5% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 36 11.5% (31 December 2008) Commercial bank prime lending rate : 11.98% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 12.33% (31 December 2008 est.) Stock of narrow money : $37.8 billion (31 December 2010 est) country comparison to the world: 49 $33.42 billion (31 December 2009 est)

Stock of broad money : $166.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 $146.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of domestic credit : $145.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 $131.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares : $89.95 billion (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 40 $85.89 billion (31 December 2008) $139.3 billion (31 December 2007) Agriculture - products : cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables ; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats Industries : textiles, food processing, tourism, c hemic als, pharmaceutic als, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures Industrial production growth rate : 5.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 Electricity - production : 118.4 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 28 Electricity - consumption : 104.1 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 Electricity - exports : 814 million kWh (2007 est.) Electricity - imports : 251 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil - production : 680,500 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 Oil - consumption :

683,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 Oil - exports : 89,300 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 Oil - imports : 48,450 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 85 Oil - proved reserves : 4.3 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 Natural gas - production : 62.7 billion cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 Natural gas - consumption : 42.5 billion cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 20 Natural gas - exports : 8.55 billion cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 Natural gas - imports : 0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 87 Natural gas - proved reserves : 1.656 trillion cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 Current account balance : $270 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 -$3.195 billion (2009 est.) Exports : $25.34 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $23.09 billion (2009 est.) Exports - commodities :

crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, tex tiles, metal products, c hemic als, proc ess ed food Exports - partners : US 7.95%, Italy 7.26%, Spain 6.78%, India 6.69%, Saudi Arabia 5.53%, Syria 5.3%, France 4.39%, South Korea 4.27% (2009) Imports : $46.52 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 49 $45.56 billion (2009 est.) Imports - commodities : machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood produc ts, fuels Imports - partners : US 9.92%, China 9.63%, Germany 6.98%, Italy 6.88%, Turkey 4.94% (2009) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold : $35.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 $33.93 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - external : $30.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $29.66 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home : $72.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 $66.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad : $4.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $4.272 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Exchange rates : Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - 5.6124 (2010), 5.545 (2009), 5.4 (2008), 5.67 (2007), 5.725 (2006)