Thermal Energy Storage

CERTIFICATION Program

and The U.S. Green Building Councils

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED )

Why they make sense for America in the 21st Century

WHY SEEK LEEDTM CERTIFICATION

Designing high performance buildings will not only help protect our environment and improve corporate image, high performance buildings are also a wise investment of capital dollars. LEEDTM CERTIFIED buildings are among the most energy efficient buildings in the United States. High performance buildings are leading communities towards a more efficient and environmentally friendly future. Furthermore, LEEDTM CERTIFICATION results in lowering life cycle value costs of construction.

THE ROLE OF THE USGBC

The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is leading a national consensus for producing a new generation of buildings that deliver high economic and environmental performance. Council members are a coalition of leaders from across the building industry working to promote buildings, which are environmentally responsible, profitable and healthy places to live and work. The coalition develops industry standards, design practices and guidelines, policy positions and educational tools that support the adoption of sustainable design and building practices. Many communities, state, Federal agencies are using LEEDTM CERTIFICATION in local building codes.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Reduction of operating costs Enhancement of asset value & profits Improvement of employee productivity and satisfaction Optimization of life-cycle economic performance

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Enhancement and protection of natural habitats Improvement of air & water quality Reduction of solid waste Decreased greenhouse gas emissions

HEALTH AND COMMUNITY BENEFITS

Improvement to air, thermal and acoustic environments Enhancement to occupant comfort and health Contributions to community health, vitality and aesthetics

THE LEEDTM RATING SYSTEM

USGBC members developed LEEDTM, the Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design RATING system, for designing, constructing and certifying new and existing commercial, institutional and high-rise, residential, sustainable buildings.The tool can help the building industry transform its practices and procedures into a holistic team effort that will be more able to design, build, operate, use, maintain and sustain an environmentally friendly efficient building. Based on well-founded scientific standards, LEEDTM emphasizes state-of-the-art strategies for sustainable site development, water consumption, energy efficiency, materials selection and indoor environmental quality. LEEDTMs comprehensive system offers proven standards, training, technical assistance, professional accreditation and web-based resources (www.usgbc.org).

The LEEDTM RATING system is a self-assessing system to guide project development.There are four levels of certification: LEVEL LEEDTM CERTIFIED LEED Silver Level
TM TM

POINTS 26-32 points 33-38 points 39-51 points 52+ points

LEED Gold Level LEEDTM Platinum Level

The LEEDTM RATING system is made up of five Credit Areas for a total of 69 points. Credit areas are allotted a percentage of points based on their value within the buildings design & construction.

5.

1. 2.

1. Sustainable Sites 2. Water Efficiency 3. Materials & Resources 4. Energy & Atmosphere 5. Indoor Environmental Quality

22% 8% 20% 27% 23%

4.

3.

In addition to the five credit areas, up to five points may be obtained in the category Innovation & Design Process (I&D) for exceeding standard LEEDTM credit areas. To obtain points, requirements of specific credits within the five credit areas must be met. Credits are assigned one or two points each. Each credit identifies the following intentions:

(1) To convey the goals and objectives of the credit (2) List the environmental benefit and preferred outcome (3) Assist in educating owners and building professionals (4) Aid in the interpretation of credit compliance

CREDIT AREA SUMMARY

Sustainable Sites: (14 pts.)
To obtain points in the Sustainable Sites credit area, there must be intent to do one or more of the following: preserve natural resources and habitats, restore damaged areas and limit pollution.

Energy & Atmosphere: (17 pts.)

The Energy & Atmosphere credit area refers to energy saving measures incorporated into the building design including an isometric of the building showing the basic floor plate shape and external projectors. Reduction in design energy cost must be demonstrated for either new or existing buildings as defined in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999, Section 11 or local energy codes (whichever is stricter). Proof of energy savings may also be demonstrated with provisions of calculations, drawings, cut sheets and specifications.

Water Efficiency: (5 pts.)

The Water Efficiency credit area intends to limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation, use innovative wastewater technologies and reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.

Innovation & Design Process: (5 pts.) Materials & Resources: (13 pts.)
This credit area intends to promote usage of recycled products, recycling material back to the manufacturing process, reusing salvage materials in the building design and extending the life cycle of building materials. Extra points are available to provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points for exceptional performance above requirements set by the LEEDTM Green Building RATING System and/or innovative performance in Green Building categories not specifically addressed by the LEEDTM Green Building RATING system.

Indoor Environmental Quality: (15 pts.)

This credit area establishes minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to prevent the development of indoor air quality problems in buildings, maintaining the health and well being of the occupants. Minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 621-999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and approved Addenda must be met.

WHO IS CALMAC MANUFACTURING CORPORATION AND HOW MAY CALMACS ICEBANK OFF-PEAK COOLING CONTRIBUTE TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF LEEDTM CREDITS?
CALMAC is a USGBC member company and actively participates in various local chapters. Globally recognized as the leader in the Off-Peak Cooling market, CALMAC manufactures an innovative and well-proven Off-Peak Cooling system, which utilizes ice Thermal Energy Storage (TES), to air-condition facilities. Customers include The Durst Organization, Mercedes-Benz, IBM, Wang, American Airlines, McDonalds, JC Penney, Underwriters Laboratories, Mary Kay and Marriott Hotels. Thermal Energy Storage, or Off-Peak Cooling, is a proven energy conserving technology that uses off-peak electricity to dramatically reduce the cost of air-conditioning. Efficient nighttime energy is used to produce and store cool energy in the form of ice.The stored cool energy is used the next day for air-conditioning or process cooling during periods of peak energy demand. Shifting the energy usage from on-peak to off-peak reduces energy cost and helps stabilize the electric grid in areas of short supply, helping to avoid blackouts. TES is friendly to the environment because the technology saves valuable source energy (the energy used to make electricity at the power plant) and reduces emissions. This is because off-peak electricity is more efficient to generate than on-peak electricity.

HOW TO QUALIFY FOR POINTS IN THE ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE CATEGORY

Integrating off-peak cooling into a building design can help qualify a building for LEEDTM points by increasing levels of energy performance above the prerequisite standards to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use. Points can be obtained by demonstrating that the proposed design energy costs are lower than the base energy cost budget for regulated energy components described in section 11, page 59 of the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999. ASHRAE 90.1 chiller plant efficiency standards for the energy cost budget are very lofty and fuel changes are not allowed.These stringent standards and rules make ice storage one of the major ways to reduce cooling operating costs. Lower design energy costs can be demonstrated via a whole building simulation computer program using the ASHRAE Energy Cost Budget Method. Off-Peak Cooling technology has proven to be a sustainable, reliable, cost effective strategy to reduce energy costs. Depending upon the electrical rates, building usage and the Off-Peak Cooling design criteria, points are awarded for reducing the proposed design energy cost of the facility as compared to the designs ASHRAE energy cost budget standard on the basis listed below. Off-Peak Cooling can provide significant reduction in cooling costs over conventional cooling systems because the system reduces electric demand and/or uses cheaper and more efficient nighttime electricity.

Cool storage technology can be used to significantly reduce energy costs by allowing energy-intensive, electrically driven cooling equipment to be predominantly operated during off-peak hours when electricity rates are lower. In addition, some system configurations result in lower first costs and/or lower operating costs compared to non-storage systemscost effective applications also exist without the benefit of time of day electrical rate differential."

Federal Energy Management Program. 2001.Thermal Energy Storage for Space Cooling, Federal Technology Alert. DOE/EE-0241.

POINT AWARDS FOR REDUCING DESIGN ENERGY COST OVER ENERGY COST BUDGET
ASHRAE defined regulated energy components include HVAC systems, building envelope, service hot water systems and lighting etc.Ways to reduce design energy cost over the energy cost budget include optimizing those regulated items. CALMAC IceBank Off-Peak Cooling systems can affordably be applied to the reduction of design energy costs. Efficient off-peak electricity generates and stores cooling for use during the next days peak demand times.

his is a simple guide for building owners, engineers, archi-

Building Councils LEEDTM CERTIFICATION program. The

tects

who

are

interested

in

sustainable

high

LEEDTM RATING system will be summarized in this guide

performance buildings and how Thermal Energy Storage

with focus on how off-peak cooling can help accrue

(TES), or more descriptively known as Off-Peak

valuable points in the Energy & Atmosphere and

Cooling (OPC), can help with the U.S. Green

Innovation & Design credit areas.

HOW TO QUALIFY FOR A POINT IN THE INNOVATION AND DESIGN CATEGORY

Off-Peak Cooling may well qualify for one of the five Innovation & Design (I&D) credits because it reduces building electric demand requirements while benefiting society. In numerous studies, most notably one requisitioned by the California Energy Commission (CEC), it has been proven that electricity is produced and delivered much more efficiently during off- peak hours than during onpeak. For every kilowatt-hour of energy that is shifted from on-peak usage to off-peak there is a reduction in the source fuel needed to generate it. Although the exact amount of savings varies, a CEC study showed a range from 8% to over 30% for 2 of the major utilities studied. A similar study has been done for the PJM Power Pool area. Reduction in source fuel normally results in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions produced by the power plant.The peak load reduction benefit also helps lower the load on the electrical grid, minimizing the need for new power plants and peak load reduction helps keep the grid stable in periods of crisis. Not evident to the particular buildings electric meter or the energy study done by the engineer lowering design energy costs is another benefit of Off-Peak Cooling.

The Hewlett Foundation Building in Palo Alto, CA is that States first recipient of the Gold LEED CERTIFICATION due, in part, to CALMAC Off-Peak Cooling.The building is about 40% more efficient than required by Californias current energy code.

LOWER FIRST & LIFE-CYCLE COSTS

An energy-efficient building design does not have to cost more than standard construction. An integrated LEEDTM design creates synergy between design disciplines, technology for construction and operating cost savings. For instance, TES (Off-Peak Cooling) can reduce cooling costs by as much as 40% and overall electric utility operating costs from 10% to 25%. A good partial storage TES design can enable the downsizing of some HVAC and electrical equipment such as chillers, condensers, cooling towers, pipes, fans, coils, motors and pumps, thereby saving on installed costs.

CONCLUSION
Off-Peak Cooling using ice Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is an effective and affordable HVAC cooling strategy for todays sustainable green building designs. Off-peak cooling is a proven technology that can dramatically reduce design energy costs while benefiting society. Off-peak cooling has a benefit beyond the electric meter because it uses existing generating assets more efficiently, slowing the need to build more generation. OPC saves valuable source energy for future generations and reduces greenhouse gas emissions for a healthier environment. LEEDTM points may be obtained by installing CALMAC IceBank tanks. The tanks and other Off-Peak Cooling system components can be installed without an increase in first cost in some cases and with a minimal first cost premium in many others. For more information on how Off-Peak Cooling can help you achieve affordable, high performance design, visit CALMAC at www.CALMAC.com or call (201) 569-0420.
Sources: LEEDTM RATING System Version 2.1, June 2001, a trademark of the USGBC Federal Energy Management Program, Federal Technology Alert. 2001. DOE/EE-0241 ASHRAE Standard 90.1, 1999 California Energy Commission. 1996. Source Energy and Environmental Impacts of Thermal Energy Storage, Report #500-95-005 www.energy.ca.gov/reports/reports_500.html

CALMAC MANUFACTURING CORPORATION

101 West Sheffield Avenue, Englewood, NJ 07631-0710 I Tel: (201) 569-0420 Fax: (201) 569-7593 I E-mail: info@calmac.com. I Visit us on the web at: www.calmac.com