SCIENCE REVIEWER

Problem Statement - in a form of a question or in declaration - should be specific - should include IV and DV - 2 forms QUESTION - How does affect the? Example: How does light affect the growth of plants? DECLARATIVE - The purpose of the study/experiment is to find out goal investigate aim study how objective Example: The purpose of the experiment is to find out how light affects the growth of plants. FORMAT The purpose of this experiment/study is to find out___________. Specifically, this experiment/study sought to answer the following: 1. What are the chars. of ______? 2. What is the effect of the (IV) on the (DV)? (2 specific questions) Objectives - must be SMART Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound state what you want to do to solve the problem in SMART terms Construct with consonance with formulated problems Must be 2 objectives or more

FORMAT With the desire to know________, the researchers will: 1. Study the methods of________. 2. Set up a uniform method for_______. Hypothesis - an educated guess - an idea that may be/similarly be the outcome/result of the experiment - 2 FORMS

If and Then - If (IV/condition/cause), then (DV/effect). Example: If light shone on the plants is increased, then the plant will grow more. NULL - (IV) does not (DV). Example: Increased light shone on the plants does not Make it grow more. SAMPLE HYPOTHESIS To attain the primary purpose of this study to know if the amount of light received be the plant affects its growth in terms of height, the researchers believe that: If light shone on the plants is increased, then the plant will grow more. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN - foundation/core of any scientific investigation - outline that guides gathering and evaluation of info - must be LOGICAL - researchers PLAN for testing hypothesis validity - 3 factors 1. Proper controls must be incorporated into each experiment

2. Control groups difference against experiment group is that the factor(IV) is being tested on the EG, not CG, but all other treatments remain the same. 3. Enough trials/samples and avoid BIASES Characteristics of Experimental Designs -Control - the procedure of removing all variables that may affect the experiment except for IV. -Manipulation - deliberate operation on the subjects -Observation - measurement of the dependent variable of a particular behavior or condition on the part of the subjects -Replication - do experiment on many subjects to reduce chance of variation in the results. (Trials and groups) Guidelines for Experimental Procedures - list and obtain mats. and equips. needed for experiment - have only 1 IV that will help answer your questions - procedure must say how youll change the factors(IV) - procedure must say how youll measure amount of change(DV) - 2 groups must be in the test: Control group is the reference and no variables are changed; Experiment group is the focus of changes to affect outcome, uses IV as its changing factor - record accurate measurements - Repeat test as often as necessary with EG to validate

CALCULATING BMI Body Mass Index 1. Get height in feet and inches and convert to meters 2. Get weight in pounds and convert to kilograms 3. Divide mass in KG by your height in M squared If your BMI is <18.5 (Underweight) 18.5-24.9 (Normal) 25-29.9 (Overweight) 30< (Obese) BMI is - used to indicate physical status - may overestimate your fatness REMEMBER: A physical quantity must include number AND unit To convert: ( ____ft)12 inches TO INCHES OR 1 foot ( ____inches)1 foot TO FEET 12 inches ( ____cm)1meter TO METERS OR 100 cm ( ____m)100cm TO CM 1 meter

( ___lbs)

1 = kg 2.205

( ____ inches)2.54 = centimeter DATA PRESENTATION - has rules Rules - IV on the left column, DV on the right column - Middle column is subdivided for each trial, if several are used - Info(average) hat is computed from data is called derived quantity; this is recorded in one or more columns to the right of DV - Title should identify IV and DV; should be placed above data. ( The Effect of (IV) on the (DV) GRAPHS - helps us visualize numerical data - different types Bar Graphs - used to show comparison of multiple objects Pie Graphs - used to compare parts of a whole - __% by 3.6 = Angle on a protractor

Line Graphs - used to show relationship between variable - Y axis is vertical and has DV, X axis is horizontal and has IV - Linear- as x increases, y increases as well Indirect- as x decreases, y decreases as well Constant- as x increases, y remains the same Conclusion - made based upon the results - you may have strong or weak evidence for your hypothesis, or null hypothesis(evidence that proves hypothesis wrong) - good scientists avoid saying things are proved because similar experiments may have another and better explanation than theirs that produce the same results