BNA - 041 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Block

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION UNIT 6 Paint Technology UNIT 7 Anti Fouling Paints UNIT 8 Pure Car Carrier UNIT 9 Container Handling - I UNIT 10 Container Handling - II 95 67 51 35 5

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
This block consists of 5 units. Unit 6 introduces students to various types of paints, then application on board ships and safety, environmental and health aspects related to ships. Unit 7 deals with the application of antifouling paints and their impact on the environment. Unit also discusses the IMO regulations for the antifouling paints. Unit 8 introduces pure car carriers including the roll on roll off vessels and describes the loading, unloading. securing and care of cars during passage and the problems associated with the carriage of vehicles. Unit 9 and 10 describe various types of containers and discusses problems associated with containers, damages, leagal an( security aspects relating to the carriage of containers and their handling methods.

UNIT 6 PAINT TECHNOLOGY

S t r u ct u r e 6.1 Introduction
Objectives

6.2 Brief Hi st or y
Af

6.3

Paints : Definition. Composition, Reasons for Painting Ships, Paint Systems 6.4

Generic Paint Types 6.5 6.6 6.7 Preparations Prior Painting Paint Application Paint Failures

6.8 Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) 6.9 Summary

6.1 INTRODUCTION
Paint is used primarily for preserving surfaces. It seals the pores of steel and helps to keep rust from forming. Paint also serves a variety of other purposes. It is valuable as an aid to cleanliness and sanitation because of its antiseptic properties and smooth, washable surface. Paint is also used to reflect, absorb. or redistribute light. For example, light -colored paint is used for the interior of the ship to distribute natural and artificial light to the best advantage. These same properties of reflection and absorption, incidentally, make camouflage painting possible. camouflag

Figure 6.1: A Ship in Drydock

technological advances achieved by the industry over the past 50 years have resulted in a wide variety of durable, highly visible and long lasting products, which meet the customer's demand for safety, reliability, and environmental protection. Paint manufacturers also emphasise environmental protection in new product development, seeking technologies that offer improved product performance along with safety and reduced environmental impact. Thus, awareness of health, safety and environmental requirements has become an integral part of doing business.
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Environmental Protection

The coatings industry is becoming increasingly diverse. As new technologies and product applications emerge in the market place, the industry must adapt and respond quickly to support its customers. Applications such as automotive and marine coatings, decorative paints, and specialist timber finishes have led to the establishment of several large multinational organisations as well as a multitude of smaller companies focusing on a particular line of products or specialty coatings.

Objectives
After studying this unit you will able to explain definition and composition of paints, describe the reasons for painting Ships, have knowledge of paint applications and suggest necessary precautions while using paints.

6.2 BRIEF HISTORY

Paint the group of emulsions generally consisting of pigments suspended in a liquid medium for use as decorative or protective coatings -- made its earliest appearance about 30,000 y ears ago. Cave dwellers used crude paints to leave behind the graphic representations of their lives that even today decorate the walls of their ancient ock dwellings. The paint and coatings industr y , however, had to wait for the Industrial Revolution before it became a recognized element of the American national economy. The first recorded paint mill iii was reportedly established in Boston in 1 7 00 by Thomas Child. A century and a half later, in 1867, D.R. Averill of Ohio patented the first prepared or "ready mixed" paints in the United States.

Figure 6.2: Equipment for Mixing of Paint I Photo from early 19 hundred)

In the mid - 1880s, paint factories began springing up in population and industrial centres across the nation. Mechanization was making the manufacturing process accessible to a larger and less specialized group of entrepreneurs. The weight of prepared paint makes it expensive to transport, so a decentralized structure of small manufacturers in discrete markets dominated the industry until the mid 1900s. That structure still continues to some extent today with the significant industry segment of small -- to medium sized paint manufacturers who serve limited regional markets. Besides mechanizing and professionalizing the paint industry, the Industrial Revolution also created vast new markets for paints and coatings. Virtually every product created on an assembly line from the Model T Ford to the latest-model television makes extensive use of paints and coatings to beautify, protect and extend the life of the manufactured goods. Total sales for the industry were approximately $16.4 billion in 1997. As soon as the impact and potential risks of various paint components have been quantified, paint manufacturers take action. Historically, the industry readily responded to environmental and health concerns by altering the chemistry of its products to control risks. Paint manufacturers started replacing lead pigments in some paints, for example, before World War II, when more affordable and safer alternatives began appearing. Industry consensus standards limiting the use of lead pigments date back to the 1950s. Common house paints, contrary to some consumers' beliefs, contained little, if any, lead since then. Household paints have not included any lead since its use was banned by the Consumer Product Safety Commission in 1978. Contemporary paints and coatings consist of countless compounds uniquely formulated to fulfill the varied requirements of hundreds of thousands of applications. "Paint" ranges from the broad group of environmentally-sound latex paints that many consumers use to decorate and protect their homes and the translucent coatings that line the interior of food containers, to the chemically-complex, multi-component finishes that automobile manufacturers apply on the assembly line. y Paints and coatings have indeed evolved from the simple Early Man colours on cave walls into a primary protective barrier between our possessions and our environment.

Paint Technol

6.3 PAINTS : DEFINITION, COMPOSITION, REASONS FOR PAINTING SHIPS, PAINT SYSTEMS
Definition of Paint Paint is a product, liquid or in powder form. containing pigment(s), which, when applied to a substrate, forms an opaque film having protective, decorative or specific technical properties. Varnish is a product which, when applied to a substrate, forms a solid, transparent film having protective decorative or specific technical properties. In fact, varnish (clear coating) is substantially the same as a paint, the difference being that varnishes contain no pigments. Composition of Paint
The main constituents of paint are

BINDERS, PIGMENTS, EXTENDER (FILLERS), SOLVENT AND ADDITIVES (AUXILIARY SUBSTANCES).