Cathodic Protection

MARINE CATHODIC PROTECTION
A Survey Article by ELTECH Corporation
Marine Corrosion
Today, much of our infrastructure built upon steel components is seriously threatened by a destructive and persistent enemy: corrosion. If not properly protected, your marine facility is corroding right now as you read this web page. The rate of corrosion for clean, bare steel is at least 5 mils per year. This loss in material thickness can be greatly accelerated by variations in water composition, oxygen concentration cells associated with marine growth, and water velocity. Many marine facility owners mistakenly believe that the coating of all submerged steel eliminates the need for cathodic protection. However, as much as 50% of the coating on a steel marine structure can be damaged, or completely removed during construction. Even undamaged coatings suffer from the presence of microscopic pinholes, which lead to the development of concentrated areas of corrosion. This severe form of pitting corrosion can have corrosion rates as high as 50 mils to 80 mils per year resulting in complete penetration of 1/4" steel plate in under four years.
Cathodic Protection
The preferred technique for mitigating marine corrosion, based on historical performance and measurable results, is cathodic protection (CP) - the practice of using electrochemical reactions to prevent the corrosion of steel structures. The reason for increased acceptance: cathodic protection prevents corrosion on underwater structures. In theory and practice, the implementation of a CP system is quite simple. Assuming you already have corroding steel in seawater, all you need is an anode, a power supply, and engineering talent. A protective circuit is accomplished between the
anode, steel (cathode), power supply and electrolyte (seawater).
Impressed Current vs. Sacrificial

Standard industry practice for cathodic protection in new construction includes the installation of sacrificial anodes, such as aluminum and zinc. These types of anodes will typically provide a 10 to 20 year service life before requiring replacement. When retrofitting or replacing these existing CP systems, the most cost effective system is impressed current anodes, which require an external power source for their operation. The ease of installation, enhanced performance and lower installed cost of impressed current anodes make them the ideal CP system for retrofitting most structures.
Typical Anode Delivery Systems

On the design basis of maximum current distribution for the lowest possible cost, with the most long-term reliability, ELTECH has developed numerous anode current delivery systems suited for a variety of facility types and anticipated operating conditions. The following are but a sample of the many delivery systems commercially available. Our design engineers are likewise capable of creating custom systems to suit the requirements of your marine facility.
Pile Mounted Anodes

Pile Mounted Anodes are designed for efficient current distribution in and around pilings where the complex geometry of the facility precludes remote placement of the anodes. These delivery systems are suitable for direct attachment to pilings. The Flat Back Pile Mounted Anode was designed specifically for H-Piles, and can also be configured for installation on sheet piling.
Disk Anode
The Disk Anode was designed in conjunction with the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Lab for use on navigational locks and dam gates. This anode system is also suitable for use on seawater intake structures, vessel internals, and sheet piling when shoreside access is possible.
Retractable Mount
For installations where it is deemed necessary to access the anode for periodic maintenance, or when current is only required on a periodic basis, the retractable anode allows the user to easily
retrieve the anode. The above illustration is rotated by 90 degrees.
Sled Anodes
Anodes mounted on the sea bed typically afford the best spread of protection on a marine structure. Sled anodes can be designed for operation in either seawater or buried in the mud. The Post Tension Sled was developed to insure anode operation out of the mud when resting in silty and soft sea beds. By adjusting the height of the concrete sled, the mesh anode sled can also be designed for operation out of the mud. The advantage of this type of sled is its low profile, thereby limiting the potential for damage by anchors, fishing nets, etc.
Suspension Anodes
Suspension Anode Delivery Systems allow for strategic placement of anodes in and around a marine facility, providing optimum distribution of current. Many suspended anode systems are also suitable for mounting on pilings, or other structural steel.
Rod Anode
Although incorporated into a variety of anode delivery systems, the rod anode is most commonly used for the cathodic protection of seawater intake structures and vessel internals.
Background on ELTECH
Marine CP Technology
Proprietary technology, in tandem with advanced products and engineering, position ELTECH as a leading cathodic protection materials supplier. ELTECH, the manufacturer of ELTECH LIDA mixed metal oxide anodes, benefits from the substantial resources of its parent, ELTECH System Corporation, which is the world's leading developer and producer of DSA technology for the chlor-alkali and other electrochemical industries. ELTECH Corporation's unique products and innovative systems have been halting corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete and conventional offshore and in-shore structures since
1974.
Mixed Metal Oxide Anode Technology

ELTECH LIDA anodes are comprised of a titanium substrate with a mixed metal oxide coating. The mixed metal oxide is a crystalline, electrically conductive coating that activates the titanium and enables it to function as an anode. This coating has an extremely low consumption rate, measured in terms of milligrams per year. As a result of this low consumption rate, the anode dimensions remain nearly constant during the life of the anode, providing constant levels of performance for the duration of the anode design life. Due to the ductility of the titanium substrate, a wide range of anode shapes suitable to the structure to be protected are possible, such as wire, rod, tubular, disk and mesh configurations.
Farwest Corrosion Control Company

Phone: 310-532-9524 Fax: 310-532-3934 Privacy Statement
sales@farwestcorrosion.com MAIN OFFICE 1480 West Artesia Blvd. Gardena, CA 90248-3215, USA
Toll Free: 888-5FARWEST (888-532-7937) Back to main page for Impressed Current Anodes Return to Farwest home page.
Impressed Current Anodes for Cathodic Protection

[ Impressed Current Anodes | Galvanic Anodes | Cables & Accessories | DC Power Supplies | | Polarization Cells | Test Stations | Reference Electrodes | Instruments & Test Equipment | | Pipeline Monitoring systems | Insulating Materials | Pipe Coatings & Tape | Misc. Products ]
Anodes - Cast Iron

Anotec Solid High Silicon Cast Iron Anotec Tubular High Silicon Cast Iron Anotec High Silicon Iron Tubular Anodes Centertec Z-Series Anotec Small High Silicon Cast Iron Discharge Guide for Anotec Anodes Technical Paper, Effect of Microstructure on High Silicon Cast Iron
Anodes - Graphite
Farwest Center Connected Graphite Anodes
Anodes - Mixed Metal Oxide

Lida Tubular Anodes Lida One Tubular Anodes Lida Wire Anodes Lida Pack Canistered Wire Anodes Lida Rod Anodes Lida Disk Anode Lida Ventralizer Lida Marine Cathodic Protection Information
Anodes - Platinum
Anomet Platinum Clad Anodes
Anodes - Specialty Anode Systems

EDI Linear Anode Systems EDI Model RI-ICE Pack Impressed Current Anode AnodeFlex Flexible Anode Systems Overview AnodeFlex 850 Flexible Anode System AnodeFlex 1500 Flexible Anode System Splice Kits for AnodeFlex 1500 Linear Anode System
Backfill
Asbury Carbon Anode Backfill
Overview of Loresco Earth Contact Backfills Loresco SC-3 Super Conducting Earth Contact Backfill Loresco SC-2 Super Conducting Earth Contact Backfill Loresco DW-1 Earth Contact Backfill Loresco SWK Earth Contact Backfill Loresco SW Earth Contact Backfill Loresco SWS Earth Contact Backfill Loresco FlexFill Free Flowing Earth Contact Backfill Loresco EnviroCoke IV Conductive Carbon Grout Loresco PermaPlug Environmental Earth Seal Loresco AllVent Deep Anode Vent System Calculating the Amount of Coke Breeze in a Vertical Hole
Anode Options
Heat Shrinkable Anode Caps Anode Canisters

Toll Free: 888-5FARWEST (888-532-7937) Back to Farwest Materials main page.
Galvanic Anodes for Cathodic Protection

Anodes - Aluminum
Aloline Aluminum Anodes by Farwest
Anodes - Magnesium
UltraMag High Potential Magnesium Anodes by Farwest Tech Paper: Magnesium Anode Performance - The Farwest UltraMag High Potential Anode ProMag Standard Potential Magnesium Anodes by Farwest Extruded Magnesium Anodes by Timminco Specialty Magnesium Anodes Elektron Modular High Performance Anode for Offshore Application
Anodes - Zinc
Zinc Anodes for Marine Application Plattline Zinc Ribbon Anodes for Cathodic Protection Plattline Zinc Ribbon Anodes for AC Mitigation Plattline Zinc Ribbon Anodes for Above Ground Storage Tanks Plattmatt Zinc Ribbon Anode Grounding Mats Technical Practices for Zinc Ribbon Anode Connections Zinc Caps by Mars
Anode Backfill
Galvanic Anode Backfill by Farwest
Anode Accessories
Fiberglass Deck Mounts for Water Tanks Anode Mounting Assemblies

Cable, Splicing Products, Cable Attachment & Accessories for Cathodic Protection
Cable for Cathodic Protection

High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (HMWPE) Cable Dual Jacketed Halar / HMWPE Cable Dual Jacketed Kynar / HMWPE Cable
Cable Splicing Materials

3M Splice Kits for Non-Shielded Cable 3M Direct Bury Splice Kits King Innovation DryConn Waterproof Direct Bury Lug King Innovation DryConn Waterproof Direct Bury 6 Yellow Connector Royston SpliceRight Splice Kits
Cable Attachment
Erico Cadweld Cathodic Protection Connection Erico Cadweld Plus Exothermically Welded Connection Erico 7-lb Cordless Rail Grinder for Caldweld Connections BAC Easy Bond Pin Brazing System BAC Easy Bond Reach System for Buried Pipelines Tapecoat / Royston Handy Cap Tapecoat / Royston Handy Cap IP VEPAC Multi-Stage In-Car Charging System for BAC Brazing Units
Miscellaneous Products
Warning Tape for Direct Burial

DC Power Supplies & Accessories for Cathodic Protection

Cathodic Protection Rectifiers

Cathodic Protection Rectifiers UL Approved Rectifiers Model ES / TufBox Rectifiers Watertight 200 Watt Utility Rectifier
Pulse Rectifiers
Model 2015 Air Cooled Pulse Rectifier by Farwest Model 3015 Oil Cooled Pulse Rectifier by Farwest "Well Casing Cathodic Protection Utilizing Pulse Current Technology." Corrosion 2004 Conference paper reprinted with permission of NACE International. "Corrosion Measuring Techniques Confirm Effectiveness of Pulse Cathodic Protection for Buried Steel Pipeline." Corrosion 1999 Conference paper reprinted with permission of NACE International. "Evaluating Oil Well Casing Corrosion Using Well Head Current Measurements." Reprinted with permission of Ted Doniguian, author. "Protecting Semi-Close Spaced Oil Well Casings With Multi-Module Pulse Cathodic Protection." Reprinted with permission of Ted Doniguian, author.
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Rectifier Cabinets
POWERHOUSEplus UL-Approved, Ornamental Rectifier Cabinet by Farwest
Alternative Power Supplies

Solar Power Supplies for Cathodic Protection Solar Power Supply Charge / Output Controllers Solar Power Supply Components Thermoelectric Generators by Global

Test Stations, Junction Boxes, Line Markers & Coupons for Cathodic Protection
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Product categories within this page:

Test Stations, above grade Test Stations, flush mount Junction Boxes Shunts Line Markers Coupons Washers
Test Stations, Above Grade

Big Fink Test Station by Cott Little Fink Test Station by Cott Fat Fink Test Station by Cott Finklett & Fink Plate Test Station by Cott Fink ZapGard Test Station by Cott Fink Bonder Resistance / Bonding Test Station by Cott Top Hat Test Stations by Tinker & Rasor Scepter Test Station by Carsonite Test Station Markers by Carsonite Testox Stations by Gerome TufBox Stainless Steel Test Station Enclosures Cathodic Protection Accessories by Tinker & Rasor
Test Stations, Flush Mount

Flush Fink Test Station by Cott Street Fink Test Station by Cott Handley Cathodic Test Stations C.P. Test Services Test Stations Detectable Test Station by AMPro Concrete Test Box by Farwest Bingham & Taylor Cathodic Test Stations
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Junction Boxes
Conventional & Custom Junction Boxes by Farwest Conventional & Custom Junction Boxes by Universal CottBox Non-Metallic Electrical Enclosures TufBox Stainless Steel Junction Box Enclosures
Shunts
Cathodic Protection Shunts by Farwest Cathodic Protection Shunts by Cott Cathodic Protection Shunts by Tinker & Rasor
Line Markers
CottMark Pipe & Cable Marking System CottMark Graphical Markers CottMark Designer Markers CottMark Flat Markers Carsonite Utility Markers Carsonite Introduction to Utility Markers
Coupons
Model UC Underground CP Coupon by EDI IR-Free Coupon by M.C. Miller Fink Probe Integrated Steel Coupon
Washers
MCM Color-coded Insulating Washers

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Reference Electrodes for Cathodic Protection

Portable Reference Electrodes & Accessories

Tinker & Rasor Portable Reference Electrodes & Accessories M.C. Miller Portable Reference Electrodes & Accessories M.C. Miller Leak Stop Gel for Portable Electrodes M.C. Miller Silver Chloride Electrode Kits EDI Model IT Portable Reference Electrode Staperm Portable Reference Electrode by GMC Staperm Heavy Portable Reference Electrode by GMC Staperm Portable Salt Water Reference Electrode by GMC Stelth 3 Permanent Portable Reference Electrode by Borin Stelth 4 Permanent Portable Reference Electrode by Borin Collins Portable Reference Electrode
Permanent Underground Reference Electrodes

Farwest SP-150 Reference Electrode for In-Soil Installation Farwest Dual-Element Permanent Reference Electrode EDI Model UR Regular Permanent Reference Electrode EDI Model US SlimLine Permanent Reference Electrode EDI Model UL LongLife Permanent Reference Electrode
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Staperm Permanent Ceramic Reference Electrodes Staperm Permanent Prepackaged Reference Electrodes Stelth 2 Permanent Ceramic Reference Electrodes Stelth Permanent Reference Electrodes
Permanent Underwater Reference Electrodes

Farwest FW-250 Permanent Electrode for In-Water Installation EDI Model IR Permanent Reference Electrodes for Fresh or Salt Water EDI Model IP Pipe-Type Permanent Reference Electrodes Staperm Permanent Fresh Water Reference Electrodes by GMC Staperm Permanent Salt Water Reference Electrodes by GMC Deltaperm Apache Deep Salt Water Reference Electrode by GMC Stelth Permanent Fresh & Salt Water Reference Electrodes by Borin
Specialty Reference Electrodes

Antimony Electrode for pH Measurement by Agra EDI Model FA Adjustable Through Wall Reference Electrodes EDI Model FS Standard Through Wall Reference Electrodes EDI Model FE Through Wall Reference Electrode for Extreme Environments EDI Model T Tube Sheet Reference Electrodes Staperm Permanent Through Wall Reference Electrodes by GMC Staperm Contact Eliminator, Gelatin Filled Casing by GMC Stelth 7 IR-Free Permanent Reference Electrodes by Borin

Back to Farwest Materials main page.
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Pipeline Corrosion Monitoring Systems

ScadaNET Network - Wireless & Internet Based Monitoring & Control Systems ScadaNET CellularRMU - Complete Rectifier Control & Monitoring Unit ScadaNET RMUvi - Basic Wireless Rectifier Monitoring ScadaNET P2S - Battery Powered Pipe-to-Soil Test Point Monitor ProActive Pipeline Integrity System by MC Miller Co. #1 ProActive Pipeline Integrity System by MC Miller Co. #2 Data Link Pro for SinCorder by MC Miller Co.

Toll Free: 888-5FARWEST (888-532-7937)
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Back to Farwest Materials main page.
Polarization Cells & Overvoltage Protection

Dairyland Overview of Solid State DC Isolation & AC Grounding Products Dairyland Applications Dairyland Industries Dairyland Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Dairyland PCR Polarization Cell Replacement Dairyland PCRH Polarization Cell Replacement for Hazardous Locations Dairyland OVP Over-Voltage Protector Dairyland OVP2 Over-Voltage Protector Dairyland ISP Isolator / Surge Protector Dairyland RP Rectifier Protector Dairyland RCS Reverse Current Switch Dairyland GCM Gradient Control Mat Dairyland SSD Solid State Decoupler The Kirk Cell for Protection of Cathodic Protection Circuits
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Cathodic Protection

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MARINE CATHODIC PROTECTION

A Survey Article by ELTECH Corporation

anode, steel (cathode), power supply and electrolyte (seawater).

Impressed Current vs. Sacrificial

Typical Anode Delivery Systems

Pile Mounted Anodes

retrieve the anode. The above illustration is rotated by 90 degrees.

Mixed Metal Oxide Anode Technology

Farwest Corrosion Control Company

Impressed Current Anodes for Cathodic Protection

Anodes - Cast Iron

Anodes - Mixed Metal Oxide

Anodes - Specialty Anode Systems

Farwest Corrosion Control Company

Toll Free: 888-5FARWEST (888-532-7937) Back to Farwest Materials main page.

Galvanic Anodes for Cathodic Protection

Farwest Corrosion Control Company

Toll Free: 888-5FARWEST (888-532-7937) Back to Farwest Materials main page.

Cable for Cathodic Protection

Cable Splicing Materials

Farwest Corrosion Control Company

Toll Free: 888-5FARWEST (888-532-7937) Back to Farwest Materials main page.

DC Power Supplies & Accessories for Cathodic Protection