Puyallup Tribe Salmon Trout and Char Report 2008

20072008
Annual Salmon, Steelhead,

And Bull Trout Report:
Puyallup/White River Watershed
Water Resource Inventory Area 10
Puyallup Tribal Fisheries July 2008

20072008
and Bull Trout Report:
August 2007 June 2008
Eric L. Marks
Russell C. Ladley
Blake E. Smith
Terry G. Sebastian
Fisheries Division
Puyallup Tribe of Indians

6824 Pioneer Way E.
Puyallup, Washington 98371
The following annual report is the culmination of nearly 12 months of extensive field work and research.
Project funding was provided though the Pacific Coast Salmon Recover Fund (PCSRF), B.I.A 638, Pacific
Salmon Treaty, Forest and Fish, TFW, Puyallup Tribal Funding, and the Puget Sound Energy Electron
settlement fund. The Puyallup Tribe Fisheries Department would like to thank those individuals who
have contributed to this season’s annual report and field studies. Marilu Koschak, Northwest Indian
Fisheries Commission South Sound Biologist, for creating the watershed area and salmon distribution
maps. Mike Scharpf, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, for conducting salmon and steelhead
escapement surveys, and providing spawning data on key watershed drainages.
The updated written material and data contained in this report supersedes and replaces all previous
annual reports. While the authors believe everything in this report is accurate, the reader should not
presume and should confirm the information in this report from other sources.
Suggested citation format:

Marks, E. L. et al. 2008. 20072008 Annual Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Report:
Puyallup/White River WatershedWater Resource Inventory Area 10. Puyallup Tribal
Fisheries, Puyallup, WA.
20072008
and Bull Trout Report:
Puyallup Tribe
of Indians
For information about, or to obtain a copy of this report, please contact:
Puyallup Tribal Fisheries
6824 Pioneer Way E.
Puyallup, Washington 98371
2538459225
WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITE RIVER WATERSHED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction…………………………………………………………………......……............................................ IIIXXXII
Puyallup, White and Carbon River Watershed Map................................................................................... XXXIII
Boise Creek…………………………………………………………………......………......................................... 16
Buckley USACE Fish Trap (White River)...……………………………………….......…................................ 710
Canyon Creek……………………..……………………………………………………..….................................... 1112
Canyon Falls Creek………….…………………………………………..…………....................………….…….. 1316
Carbon River……………………………………………………......……………….....................………….…….. 1720
Clarks Creek…………………………………………………………….…………......………….……….……….. 2124
Clarks Creek Salmon Hatchery: Puyallup Tribe of Indians Facility.......................................................... 2527
Clear Creek…………………………………………………………......…………….…..............…....................... 2830
Clearwater River……………………………………………………......……………..............…..…….………… 3135
Coal Mine Creek............................................................................................................................................
3637
Deer Creek……………………………………………………………......………….............................................. 3839
Diru Creek Salmon Hatchery: Puyallup Tribe of Indians Facility............................................................. 4045
Discovery Creek……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4647
Dollar Creek………………………………………..……..………......…….............………..…............................ 4849
Electron Diversion & Fish Bypass Facility (Puyallup River)…………….......................…..…………….... 5051
Fennel Creek (Kelly Creek)………………………………………………………………………..……………… 5257
Fiske Creek……………………………………………………………...............……......…......…........................ 5859
Fox Creek……………………………………………………….……................…......…………….……………… 6062
Fryingpan Creek............................................................................................................................................
6364
Greenwater River……………………………………………………….............……........…….…….................... 6567
Huckleberry Creek…………………………………………………………....................…….…………………… 6870
Hylebos Creek……………………………………………………………......................……........…..................... 7172
Kapowsin Creek…………………………………………………………...................……………………....…….. 7376
Kellog Creek……………………………………………………………….............…………………………......….. 7778
Klickitat Creek………………………………………………………..............……………......………………..…. 7981
LeDout Creek………………………………………………………….............…………...........................…..…... 8283
Mowich River………………………………………..………………….............………..........................….......…. 8485
Niesson Creek……………………………………………………….............……….................................……..... 8687
No Name Creek..............................................................................................................................................
8890
Ohop Creek…………………………………………………………….............…..…............................………..... 9192
Puyallup River………………………………………………................…….........……………………………....... 9394
Puyallup River Juvenile Salmonid Production Assessment Project (Smolt Trap)..................................... 9596
Rody Creek…………………………………………………………........………...…....................................…..… 9798
Rushingwater Creek…………………….....…………………………….…..............………………….............… 99100
Salmon Creek (Strawberry Creek)……………...……………………………......................................…..….... 101104
Salmon Tributary……………………………………………………….............…............................................... 105106
Silver Creek........................................................................................................................................... 107
Silver Springs Creek……………………………………………...………...............................…........…..... 108109
South Prairie Creek....……………………..……………………….…….…….......................…………… 110113
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page I

20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Squally Creek…...…………………………..………………..……………….........…..............................…. 114
Swan Creek…………………………………..……………………….……....................…………….......….. 115117
Voight Creek………………………………..………………………………….........………….....………....... 118129
White River (Stuck)………………………………..……………...…………………...........…......….......…. 120122
Wilkeson Creek…………………………..……………………………....…….........................…….............. 123126
Appendix A: Watershed Escapement: Seasonal Comparisons of Spawning Ground Counts and

Buckley Trap Escapements for Adult Salmon and Steelhead.
Chinook/Coho................................................................................................................. 128
Chum/Steelhead............................................................................................................. 129
Pink..................................................................................................................................130
Appendix B: Salmon Distribution and Spawning Utilization (Maps).

Chinook.............................................................................................................................132
Coho................................................................................................................................ 133
Chum............................................................................................................................... 134
Pink................................................................................................................................. 135
Steelhead.........................................................................................................................136
Appendix C: Chinook and Steelhead Redd Locations (GPS Maps).

Chinook Redds............................................................................................................... 138143
Bull Trout Redds............................................................................................................ 144148
Appendix D: 20072008 Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Spawning Data.

Chinook............................................................................................................................148152
Bull Trout.......................................................................................................................... 153154
155159
Coho...................................................................................................................................
Pink..................................................................................................................................160162
Chum……....................................................................................................................... 163166
Steelhead…………………………………………………………………………………….... 165170
Appendix E: Buckley Trap: 20072008 Salmon and Steelhead Transported Above

Mud Mountain Dam.
Chinook........................................................................................................................... 172177
Coho..................................................................................................................................178181
Pink................................................................................................................................ 182183
Steelhead……………………………………………………………………………………… 184186
Appendix G: Escapement Estimates for Chinook, Coho, Pink and Chum Salmon........................... 188190
Appendix F: 20072008 Adult and Juvenile Fish Releases…………………………………………….. 192
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page II

INTRODUCTION
Rivers run through our history and folklore, and link us as a people. They nourish and refresh
us and provide a home for dazzling varieties of fish and wildlife and trees and plants of every
sort. We are a nation rich in rivers.
Charles Kuralt

The Puyallup/White River watershed is identified as Watershed Resource Inventory Area 10 (WRIA 10) by
the Washington State Department of Ecology. Hylebos and Wapato Creeks are part of WRIA 10, yet are
independent drainages that flow directly into Commencement Bay. The Puyallup/White River watershed
provides over 1,300 linear river miles (RM) of drainage over an area greater than 1,000 square miles. The
three major river drainages include the Puyallup, White, and Carbon Rivers which flow almost entirely
within Pierce County and part of South King County. All three river systems originate from glaciers along
the north and west slopes of Mt. Rainier, located entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The Carbon
and White Rivers converge with the Puyallup River at RM 17.8 and RM 10.4 respectively.
The White River is a significant tributary, with a drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup River.
However, the White and Puyallup drainages are often viewed and managed as two distinct and separate
entities. This management approach is due in part because prior to 1906, the White River did not flow into
the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo (1983) described that prior to 1906; the majority of the White River flowed
north towards Elliot Bay. Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed south to the Puyallup
through the Stuck River channel. In November of 1906, a flood event mobilized a tremendous amount of
wood debris that blocked the north flowing channel in what is now downtown Auburn. The blockage forced
the river to avulse and find a new channel. This newly created diversion sent nearly the entire White Riv
er flow down through the Stuck River channel into the Puyallup; more than doubling the size of the Puyal
lup River drainage. In 1915, a concrete structure was constructed, thereby permanently diverting the
White River into the Puyallup.
The Puyallup River continues to flow west from its confluence with the White until it reaches Commence
ment Bay in Tacoma. An extensive system of levees, approximately 90 miles, was constructed along the
Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers beginning in the early through mid 20th century. There are a signifi
cant number of large tributaries that feed these mainstem rivers including the Clearwater River, Greenwa
ter River, Mowich River, as well as, Huckleberry and South Prairie Creeks.
The mean annual flow of the Puyallup River over the first 86 year gauged history was 2,922 cfs. The larg
est flood of record was 57,000 cfs and occurred in December 1933. Most of the large flood events have oc
curred in the months of November and December in response to heavy rains on a substantial snow pack.
The minimum low flow defined as the 90%exceedance level for the Puyallup was 1,156 cfs. Over the past
20 years there has been a trend of decreasing low flows (Sumioka 2004). The Puyallup River at Puyallup
flow gage (#12101500) was activated in 1915 and is located at RM 6.6.
The systems glacial origin is responsible for the turbid conditions that are most noticeable during warmer
weather in late spring and summer. The White, Carbon, and Puyallup Rivers carry a tremendous volume
of bedload material which contributes to the dynamic nature of the system. The high sediment loads are
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page III

responsible for the braided channel morphology characteristic of broad valley segments. This condition is
most prevalent in the upper reaches within and immediately outside the National Park boundaries.
Outside the Park boundaries, the rivers course through industrial forestlands including national forest but
primarily private timber company ownership. Much of these forestlands have been harvested at least once
and in many cases twice. Lands in timber production are densely roaded with some sections approaching
six lineal miles per square mile. Roads have contributed to many of their trademark problems such as
landslides, slope failures, altered hydrology, culvert and bridge projects that can effect upstream migration,
and of course high levels of sedimentation within effected drainages.
Watershed Salmonids
The Puyallup/White River watershed supports several species of salmonids including: chinook (Oncorhyn
cus tshawytscha), coho (O. kitsutch), chum (O. keta), pink (O. gorbuscha), sockeye (O. nerka), steel
head/rainbow trout (O. mykiss), cutthroat (O. clarki), native char (bull trout) (Salvelinus confluentus), and
nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Chinook and bull trout were federally listed as “threatened”
under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1998. In May of 2007, after a year of investigation, the Na
tional Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) announced the listing of Puget Sound steelhead as “threatened”
under ESA. The ESA listing of steelhead offers protection for naturally spawned steelhead; however, it
does not offer protection for the rainbow trout, the fresh water resident form of the species.
The seven Pacific salmon species all employ unique lifehistory strategies. However, the five major species
(chinook, coho, chum, pink, and sockeye) all share some common lifehistory characteristics. Pacific salmon
are all anadromous; meaning, fish spawn and rear in fresh water, then migrate (smoltification) to marine
waters where they will continue to forage and grow until they return to fresh water as adults to reproduce.
Furthermore, these species will only reproduce once (semelparous) during their life cycle. This single re
productive event requires tremendous amounts of energy and effort, as well as proper spawning site selec
tion to be successful. Therefore, the end result of this reproductive strategy is that all five major species of
salmon will die shortly after spawning. Nevertheless, this single reproductive strategy is very successful
due to the considerable degree of energy being put into producing vast amounts of gametes (eggs and
sperm), thus ensuring the survival of at least some offspring. Other salmonid species; including steelhead,
cutthroat, and bull trout may possibly reproduce more than once (iteroparous) during their life cycles.
All female salmonids are oviparous (producing eggs that hatch outside the body), and during the act of
spawning the male and female release gametes in a coordinated effort. Eggs released by the female drift to
the bottom and are actively buried in the substrate creating an egg pocket. A redd is the excavated site
formed in the substrate from multiple spawning events, which often contains several egg pockets. The rate
of development and growth varies between species, and is greatly influenced by water temperature (Groot
and Margolis 1991, Piper et al. 1986). As fish age, they lay down annual growth rings on their scales; these
scales are often collected to determine age and important growth factors.
Spawning Site Selection

Spawning site selection for salmonids is critical for offspring survival. Stream bed characteristics and wa
ter properties are important factors in the survival and development of salmonids eggs and larvae. Some of
the water properties influencing salmonid egg survival and development are temperature, dissolved oxy
gen, and velocity (McNeil 1966; Leman 1993; Peterson and Quinn 1996). Substrate size and density are
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page IV

primary factors involved in the permeability of bottom materials (Wicket 1958; McNeil and Ahnell 1964;
McNeil 1966). Temperature dictates the rate of development and metabolic level of salmonids from earliest
development through adulthood. Adequate levels of dissolved oxygen must be present in the water to sup
port energetic demands of growing embryos and fry. Dissolved oxygen levels vary with stream topography
(Peterson and Quinn 1996), as well as temperature and depth (Leman 1993). Survival depends on oxyge
nated water reaching the buried eggs and larvae within a redd. Sources of intergravel water include
ground water and surface water (McNeil 1966).
Having established the fact that oxygenated water is important for survival and development; velocity of
delivery is also important (Leman 1993). Salmon may be able to detect variation in water velocity more
readily than substrate quality (Witzel and MacCrimmon 1983). The variations in velocity are often influ
enced by different substrate types; salmonids may choose, indirectly, suitable substrate size for redd sites
based on water velocity (Shirvell and Dungey 1983).
The rate of oxygen utilization varies with development (McNril 1966; Peterson and Quinn 1996). As meta
bolic demands of developing salmon utilize the available oxygen; more must be supplied. The velocity
(rate) at which oxygenated water can be delivered is largely governed by the general size and density of
substrate materials. McNeil (1966) states:
“The permeability of bottom materials is a function
of particle compaction, arrangement, and size.”
According to McNeil and Ahnell (1964) the velocity of intergravel water is related to the size of the bottom
materials. Smaller materials (fines) decrease the velocity of water through redds. Wicket (1958) showed
that the survival of pink and chum salmon eggs and larvae increased with the increased permeability of
the stream bed. All of the previously discussed issues are important factors to consider when addressing
glacially driven river systems like the Puyallup, White, and Carbon Rivers.
Spawning Behavior
Aggression is an integral aspect of spawning behavior in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) species (Chebanov
et al. 1983; Keenley and Dupuis 1988; Quinn et al. 1996). Several factors influence the frequency and focus
of male aggression including the operational sex ratio (OSR) (Quinn et al. 1996), size of the male (Cheba
nov et al. 1983; Foote 1989; Keenleyside and Dupuis 1991), density of spawners (Chebanov 1991, 1994) and
an individual’s status (Schroder 1973; Chebanov et al. 1983). The OSR represents the number of ripe
(ready to reproduce) male to the number of ripe females. Variations in the OSR affect the frequency of ag
gression in males; changes lead to an increase (low OSR) or decrease (high OSR) in aggressive behavior
(Quinn et al. 1996). Aggression can be displayed in several forms (Mork 1995) including; charging, chasing,
biting, fighting, as well as lateral and frontal displays. Mork (1995) reported that lateral movements,
charging, chasing, and biting were often the preferred methods of aggression displayed by salmon under
study. Aggression is not only focused towards the same species, but other species as well.
The size of the male affects his position in the hierarchal structure and his success in spawning (Chebanov
1983; Foote 1989). Larger males are more successful at securing females and are therefore more often in
the position of dominance. Females prefer to mate with larger males (Foote 1989) and may delay spawning
if courted by small males. Holding a dominate position leads to increased encounters with other males who
are trying to displace him, or attempting to mate with the female (Chebanov et al. 1983; Chebanov 1994).
A change in the density of spawners leads to changes in the frequency of aggression. As the densities of
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page V

spawning fish increases, so will the number of aggressive actions (Schroder 1973; Parenskiy 1990); this
holds true for both male and females. Furthermore, at lower densities, aggressive actions decrease.
An individual’s status may also determine the frequency and focus of aggressive actions. Schroder (1973)
describes how dominate or “Alpha” males take up positions just behind the females and shift from side to
side defending their territory and females. Satellite males line up behind the dominate male. These sub
dominate males defend their positions in the chain. The natural drive to mate with females often leads to
aggressive interactions between males. The success of males also depends on the level of aggression di
rected toward other males (Chebanov et al. 1983). Females compete with other females for nesting sites
(Schroder 1973, 1981; Keenleyside and Dupuis 1988). Females attempt to defend their nests (redds)
against other female’s attempts to overtake them, and guard sites to prevent superimposition (displacing or
covering over) of their eggs (Schroder 1981; Keenleyside and Dupuis 1988). Females dig their nests and
guard them until they die, or are displaced by another female (Schroder 1973)
Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha)

Puget Sound chinook stocks were listed on the federal register of endangered species in 1999, and are cur
rently designated as “threatened.” Two distinct stocks of chinook are present in the Puyallup/White River
system. They include the White River spring chinook (springer or springrun) and Puyallup River fall chi
nook (fall or fallrun). White River spring chinook are the only spring chinook stock existing in the Puget
Sound region and are unique due to their genetic and lifehistory traits (WDFW et al. 1996). This unique
stock of chinook was classified as distinct in the 1992 Washington State Salmon and Steelhead Inventory
(WDFW et al. 1993). Microsatellite DNA analysis of chinook in the White River shows a distinct mixture of
spring and fallrun chinook stocks (Shaklee and Young 2003, Ford et al. 2004). Ford et al. reported that
approximately 60% of chinook smolts sampled above the Buckley diversion dam at RM 24.3 were spring
run, and 40% were fallrun. While smolts sampled below the dam were approximately 42% springers and
58% falls.
Spring chinook enter the freshwater river system as early as May, and hold in the river until spawning
commences in mid August. Adults generally return as threeto fouryearolds; however, the age of fish re
turning to spawn can range between twotofive years. Mainstem spawning by spring chinook in the upper
White River has been documented by PTF biologists via radio tracking; although, the majority of docu
mented spawning occurs in the larger tributaries including the Greenwater and Clearwater Rivers (Ladley
et al. 1996). Spring chinook spawning also occurs throughout most of the lower 24.3 miles of the White
River. Egg to fry emergence of young chinook takes approximately 90110 days depending on water tem
perature. The majority of juvenile spring chinook (80%) migrate to salt water as subyearlings (0 age, less
than one year old) (Dunston 1955). DNA and aging analysis of adult (NOR) chinook collected from the
USACE trap in Buckley and integrated into the Muckleshoot’s White River spring chinook program,
showed that 77% of the springers sampled migrated to salt water as subyearlings (Johnson unpublished
work).
Escapement data for White River spring chinook has been collected from fish captured in the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) fish trap in Buckley since 1941. After 1950, there was a steep decline in the
number of spring chinook captured in trap. Spring chinook escapements dropped under 1,000 fish annual
ly after 1955; continued to drop to as few as 66 fish in 1977, and dipped down to only six fish in 1986. This
precipitous decline prompted the State of Washington and South Puget Sound tribes to implement a recov
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page VI

ery plan in the mid 70s (WDFW et al. 1996). The recovery plan involved starting a program involving the
artificial propagation of wild and captive brood stocks. Currently, there are two spring chinook programs
in operation; the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe’s hatchery on the White River and WDFW’s Minter Creek pro
gram. These artificial propagation programs in conjunction with the use of acclimation ponds, continues to
be an integral part of restoring the run to its historic levels.
Puyallup River fall chinook are endemic throughout the Puyallup River, Carbon River, Lower White River,
and many of the associated tributaries to these mainstem river systems. A large component of the adult
fall spawners are hatchery origin from the WDFW fall chinook program operated on Voight Creek. In
2004, the Puyallup Tribe began operation of its own fall chinook hatchery on Clarks Creek located off the
lower Puyallup River. The Puyallup River Fall Chinook Baseline Report (WDFW 2000) states that genetic
testing has shown similarities in both hatchery and wild Puyallup River fall chinook, with those of chinook
stocks found in several other watersheds within the Puget Sound region. The similarities are likely due to
significant numbers of fall chinook imported to these watersheds from the Green River hatchery. Evidence
shows a significant number of Puyallup River fall chinook stray into the White River system to spawn.
Carcass sampling from 2003 to 2006 on Boise Creek, a tributary to the White, showed 4764% of chinook
sampled to be of hatchery origin (fallrun) due to the presence of a codedwiretag and or adipose fin clip.
Although spring chinook are known to spawn in the Puyallup River system, the straying rate is significant
ly less than that of Puyallup origin fall chinook.
Puyallup River fall chinook enter the Lower Puyallup River in June, and continue to move through the sys
tem as late as November. The majority of spawning occurs from September to late October, with the excep
tion of some of the lower tributaries that often have fish present into early November. The age of adult fall
chinook returning to spawn can range between twoto five years of age. However, the larger components of
adults return as fouryearolds; with a smaller number returning as threeyearolds.
The majority of post emergent fry spend a short period of time residing instream before migrating to salt
water. Trapping data from a rotary screw trap in the lower Puyallup River shows that 99.7% (911) of wild
outmigrant chinook caught were subyearlings (Berger and Williamson 2005). Chinook downstream mi
gration in the Puyallup begins as early as late February and runs as late as the end of August, with the
peak of the run occurring around the end of May. Berger and Williamson (2005), reported that sub
yearling chinook sampled varied in length from 40100mm during the trapping season (February 26August
16), with significant size increases occurring throughout the season. The average fork length of chinook
measured from February through mid June was 65.18mm (range 4283). Yet, the minimum size range did
not exceed 60mm until after June 5th. Data results from 2007 showed the average fork length of sub
yearling chinook captured from mid February to August was 67.36mm (range 3995) (Berger et al. 2007).
Coho Salmon (O. kitsutch)

Coho are prevalent throughout the Puyallup/White River watershed, with nearly all lower and mid range
drainages experiencing some escapement. Coho are frequently observed spawning as high as Silver
Springs on the White River (RM 60.5), and a limited escapement make their way into the habitat available
above Puget Sound Energy’s Electron Diversion Dam on the Puyallup River (RM 41.7). Although the ma
jority of coho in the system are primarily tributary spawners, some mainstem spawning occurs along the
peripheries of the main river channels and in the lower velocity side channels. Key spawning areas for co
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page VII

ho include South Prairie Creek, Boise Creek, Clearwater River, Greenwater River, Huckleberry Creek; as
well as, Fox and Kapowsin Creeks on the Puyallup.
The WDFW hatchery on Voight Creek has artificially propagated coho since 1917, having in the past incor
porated fry and smolts from other drainages including; Big Soos Creek, Minter Creek, Garrison Springs,
George Adams Creek, as well as, the Skagit and Washougal Rivers. Voight Creek produces between 1 and
1.5 million, 100% mass marked (adipose clip) presmolts annually, of which 100,000 to 200,000 are trans
ferred to acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup Watershed. Hatchery fish from Voight Creek are re
leased in April and generally move rapidly downstream. The majority of wild coho juveniles rear in fresh
water for over a year (18 months) before migrating to marine waters. Wild smolt outmigration runs from
March through the first part of July, with peak migration occurring near mid May. Smolt trapping data in
2005 on the Puyallup River indicated that approximately 91% of wild coho smolts migrate to marine waters
as yearlings (Berger and Williamson 2005). However, there is a small class of subyearlings and two year
old smolts.
The vast majority of coho spend over a year in saltwater before returning to freshwater to spawn as three
yearolds. A small component of coho return to spawn as twoyearolds; yet, the age of fish returning to
spawn can range between twoto four years. The Puyallup Tribe’s test fisheries data consistently shows
adult coho entering the lower Puyallup River system in early August. Spawning surveys and USACE
Buckley trap data show coho continue to move through the system as late as February. The majority of
spawning occurs from mid September through late December, with peak spawning around the end of Octo
ber through the first part of November. The South Prairie Creek drainage has a unique late run of coho
that spawn well into February and early March. Hundreds of adult coho are observed holding in South
Prairie Creek during chum surveys in December, before moving into upper tributaries including Coal Mine
and Spiketon Creeks to spawn.
Chum Salmon (O. keta)

Chum salmon are numerous and widespread throughout the lower and midriver system. Chum have been
observed spawning as high in Boise Creek on the White River (RM 23.5), Fox Creek on the Puyallup (RM
29.5), and as high as river mile 8.5 on the Carbon and river mile 12 on South Prairie Creek. Chum are
mass spawners, frequently utilizing the habitat found in the placid flows of primary side channels and sec
ondary ephemeral side channels established along the major mainstem rivers. Also commonly utilized are
the shallower outer margins of the mainstem rivers; nevertheless, most of the spawning efforts are focused
in the numerous smaller tributaries located off the lower Puyallup and White Rivers, as well as South
Prairie Creek. A split stock of wild and hatchery origin chum are present in the Puyallup/White system.
Genetic testing of 900 chum tissue samples collected throughout the watershed by Puyallup Tribal Fishe
ries biologists, implied a difference between lower Puyallup River chum (Clarks, Diru, Swan and Clear
Creeks) and upper river chum (Carbon River, White River, Salmon Tributary., South Prairie Creek, Fennel
and Canyonfalls Creeks) (Ford and Schwenke 2004)
The Puyallup Tribe began rearing and releasing chum from its Diru Creek Hatchery facility, a small tribu
tary to Clarks Creek on the lower Puyallup River, in 1979. Eggs were transferred from several outside
drainages including Chambers Creek, Finch Creek, George Adams Creek and Hylebos Creek. The Puyal
lup Tribe currently raises 1.5 to 2.7 millionchum smolts annually for release into the lower Puyallup Riv
er. This program significantly augments a Tribal river fishery and All Citizen purse seine fishery in East
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page VIII

and West Pass in Puget Sound. This stock originated initially from Chambers Creek. Eliminating the
need to import chum from outside the Puyallup/White River watershed, the Puyallup Tribe began propa
gating chum for its own program at Diru Creek in 1993. The Puyallup Tribal Fisheries chum program re
leases 1000 to 3000 pounds annually based on available brood stock returns to Diru Creek Hatchery. Cur
rently, this is the only chum supplementation program operating in the Puyallup/White River watershed.
Adult chum salmon enter the Puyallup River as early as the second week in October. An early run of chum
in Fennel Creek and the Carbon River can be observed spawning as early as the end of October. In most of
the Rivers and tributaries, active spawning occurs from the middle of November through the end of Janu
ary, with peak spawning occurring in mid December. Scale data collected by Puyallup Tribal Fisheries
(PTF) from commercial gillnet fisheries in the lower Puyallup and Diru Creek Hatchery returns, show
most adult spawners returning as threetofouryearolds. During most years, adult spawners are predo
minately fouryearolds (>50%) with a small contingency of two and fiveyearolds (< 4%). Instream resi
dence time for newly emerged chum is short, emerging from the gravel in late winter to early spring, juve
niles move quickly downstream to the marine waters of Commencement Bay. Since 2001, the Puyallup
Tribal Fisheries Department has operated a rotary screw fish trap on the lower Puyallup (RM 10.6). Trap
ping data reports downstream migrating chum are captured in the trap as early as the first week of March,
with peak outmigration occurring the first quarter of May (Berger and Williamson 2005).
Pink Salmon (O. gorbuscha)

Pink salmon in the Puyallup/White River system return on odd years to spawn. The areas of utilization by
pinks throughout the watershed have changed considerably within the past few years. Washington De
partment of Fisheries biologists, in a 1975 publication, describe pink salmon utilization to be almost exclu
sively limited to the mainstem Puyallup River; the lower Carbon and White Rivers; South Prairie Creek
and Fennel Creek (Williams et al. 1975). This description of pink salmon utilization was generally accu
rate until 2003, when an unprecedented number of adult pink salmon returned to the Puyallup/White Riv
er watershed. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife escapement data from 1959 to 2001 shows the
number of adult pinks returning to the Puyallup system ranged from 2,700 to 49,000, with an average sea
sonal return of 19,400. Pink escapement estimates obtained from WDFW reported an estimated pink re
turn of 185,000 during the 2003 run; and in 2005 the escapement was estimated at over 466,000 (Scharpf
2006). The 2007 adult pink escapement is estimated at well over 600,000.
For the first time since 1941, significant numbers of pink salmon have been transported above Mud Moun
tain Dam to spawn in the Upper White River (20032007), and the West Fork of the White. Substantial
numbers of pinks were observed in several key tributaries including Huckleberry Creek, and the Greenwa
ter and Clearwater Rivers. In addition, several pink spawners have been documented in Cripple; Pinochle
and Wrong Creeks, and in 2007 pinks were observed as high as Sunrise Creek at river mile 63. The Puyal
lup and Carbon River drainages have not experienced the significant expansion of utilization the White
River has over the past few years. Even so, pink escapements have been exceedingly high throughout the
mainstem Puyallup River below river mile 27.5; as well as the lower Carbon River, South Prairie, Wilke
son, and Fennel Creeks.
All pink salmon in the Puyallup/White system are wild. Adult pink migration and spawning coincides with
chinook, with pinks entering the river as early as midJuly, and spawning from late August through mid
November. Like chum, pinks are mass spawners, frequently utilizing the habitat found in the placid flows
of primary side channels and secondary ephemeral side channels established along the major mainstem
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page IX

rivers. Also commonly utilized are the shallower outer margins of the mainstem rivers, although, much of
the spawning efforts are centered on the numerous main river tributaries.
Peak spawning occurs from late September to early October, with fry emerging from late fall through win
ter. Instream rearing is limited, with juvenile out migration running from February to June, peaking at
the end of March. The production estimate for the 2003 pink brood year, calculated 1,988,441 outmigrants
(Berger and Williamson 2004); estimates for 2005 was 7,095,017 pink smolts (Berger et al. 2006). After
two years in the marine environment, adults return to spawn as twoyearolds, hence the odd year only
spawning. The unique life history of pink salmon does make the species more susceptible to stochastic
events, which can have an immeasurable impact on an entire year class.
Sockeye Salmon (O. nerka)

Due to their diminutive numbers, sockeye are seldom seen or documented throughout most of the Puyal
lup/White River basin. Thus, sockeye are generally considered insignificant and are treated with little re
gard. The exception to this generalization is the USACE trap on the WhiteRiver in Buckley, which pro
vides a rare opportunity to collect data on adult sockeye. Each year from 1983 to 2007, between 5 and 378
(annual average of 42) adult upstream migrants were captured and transported above Mud Mountain Dam.
It is currently undetermined how many, if any, of the adult sockeye are native to the system or are strays
from other watersheds. Migrating adults are caught in the trap from mid July through early September.
Sockeye transported to the upper White are often observed in several of the major tributaries including the
Greenwater River; Clearwater River; Huckleberry Creek and Silver Springs. Spawn timing runs from mid
September through October, coinciding with chinook, pink and coho spawners. Sockeye often utilize simi
lar spawning habitat as chinook and coho, which is evident by the fact that sockeye are generally seen
spawning sidebyside with these other species. Spawning sockeye are easily distinguished from other
salmon species by their distinctive bright red bodies and green heads. Post emergence, juvenile sockeye
spend onetotwo years (typically two years) rearing in freshwater before migrating to marine waters. After
twotothree years in saltwater, the majority of adults return to spawn as fouryearolds.
Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss)

Both steelhead and rainbow trout (formally Salmo gairdneri) are present throughout the Puyallup/White
River watershed. Steelhead are simply an anadromous form of rainbow trout. The offspring from either
steelhead or rainbow trout can become anadromous, or remain in freshwater for their entire lives. In May
of 2007, NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service released a statement that they were listing Puget
Sound steelhead as “threatened” under ESA. The ESA protection covers naturally spawned steelhead, as
well as a couple of hatchery stocks. However, the ESA protection does not cover rainbow trout (resident
form).
Steelhead are generally categorized as winterrun or summerrun, depending on the time of the year they
return to freshwater river systems to reproduce. Unlike other pacific salmon, steelhead can spawn more
than once (iteroparous) during their lifecycle. Scales collected from 1984 to 2005 by Puyallup Tribal Fishe
ries biologists at the USACE trap on the White River, and analyzed by WDFW, show an average of 5%
(range 026.4%) repeat spawners returning annually (commonly females). Winterrun steelhead enter riv
ers and streams in winter and spring, whereas summers migrate in the spring and summer seasons.
Summer and winterrun steelhead enter freshwater systems in various degrees of reproductive maturation
(Pauley et al. 1986). Summers enter river systems immature, and will not be ready to spawn until the fol
lowing spring; whereas, winters will be ripe (mature) enough to spawn within a few months of entering
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page X

freshwater (Pauley et al. 1986). The major distribution of winterrun steelhead includes many of the coast
al and Puget Sound river systems such as the Humptulips, Quinalt, Chehalis, Hoh, Bogachiel, Soleduc,
Skagit, Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Green, Puyallup and Nisqually Rivers. Winterrun steelhead are also
present in several river systems along the lower Columbia River. Summerrun steelhead distribution in
the Puget Sound includes the Skagit, Stilliguamish, Skykomish and Green Rivers.
The major run of steelhead to the Puyallup/White River system is winterrun. However, a few
summerrun strays most likely from the Green or Skagit Rivers, are caught annually during August and
September in the lower Puyallup, and at the USACE trap on the White River. Therefore, steelhead are of
ten present in the watershed throughout the year. The main run of winter steelhead enters the Puyallup
River in November, with the peak of the run occurring in mid December. On the White River, steelhead
are occasionally caught in the USACE trap as early as late December. Although, most fish don’t start mi
grating towards the upper reaches until March. The winter run continues through June, with peak migra
tion occurring in mid to late April. Puyallup Tribal Fisheries spawning ground data shows peak spawning
takes place in late April to early May.
Steelhead spawners frequently utilize the mainstem Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers; although, the ma
jority of spawning takes place in many of the associated tributaries. Some of the major tributaries on the
White River supporting winter steelhead include Boise Creek; and the Clearwater and Greenwater Rivers.
Along the Puyallup River; the upper reach tributaries of Kellog, Niesson and Ledout Creek, support the
majority of spawners. In addition, the roughly five miles of mainstem river channel below the Electron di
version dam (RM 41.7) consistently experiences a small number of spawners as well. The habitat above
Electron has been accessible since the completion of a 215 foot fish ladder in the fall of 2000. Steelhead are
known to be accessing the reach above the Electron Dam, yet little is known about spawning or rearing uti
lization and distribution. Currently, the only information available is from aerial surveys conducted on the
upper Puyallup and Mowich Rivers in the spring of 2005 and 2006. Surveys conducted in 2006, reveal li
mited steelhead spawning activity in the mainstem Puyallup River, and no spawning activity in the Mowich.
The Carbon River mainstem, below river mile 11, has consistently supported several steelhead spawners.
Spawning ground survey data from 1995 to 2006, shows an average of 15.8 redds annually (range 054) in
the mainstem Carbon. South Prairie Creek, a substantial tributary to the Carbon River, has long been the
one of the most significant salmon and steelhead drainage in the Puyallup basin. Survey data obtained from
WDFW shows the average number of steelhead redds observed in South Prairie from 1999 to 2005, was 133
(range 32196) . Voight Creek, on the lower Carbon, also experiences a small steelhead escapement.
After fertilized eggs are deposited in the gravel substrate, the embryonic development and emergence of fry
takes between 48 weeks depending on water temperature. Juvenile steelhead will rear in freshwater for 1
4 years before migrating to marine waters in the spring. Scale data from 792 adult winter steelhead cap
tured in the USACE trap from 1985 to 2004 shows the majority of young wild winter steelhead migrate to
saltwater after 2 years in freshwater (81.6%). Approximately 2.5% of the steelhead sampled spent 1 year in
freshwater, 15.6% threeyears, and less than 0.25% fouryears before outmigrating. None of the steelhead
sampled spent more than 4 years residing freshwater. Nearly all hatchery reared steelhead, if grown to a
large enough size (five fishtothepound or 90 grams each) ; will migrate to saltwater shortly upon release as
yearlings (oneyearold plus fish) . After spending between 14 years in saltwater; adult winter steelhead will
return to the Puyallup/White system at 37 years of age. Typically, most fish return after 23 years in salt
water as 4yearolds (56%) and 5yearolds (34%).
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XI

Currently, only one long term winter steelhead supplementation program exists in the basin. Each spring,
the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s hatchery on Voight Creek releases yearling fish into the
system. In 2005, the Voight Creek facility released over 207,000 adipose clipped steelhead, and over
231,000 in 2004 (Berger and Williamson 2005). Broodstock for this program have come from several dif
ferent drainages including the Humptulips, Bogachiel and Skagit Rivers, as well as, Chambers and Tokul
Creeks. At the present time, the Voight Creek program is sustained by propagating adult steelhead re
turning to the hatchery, supplemented by eggs transferred from Tokul Creek when permitted. However,
the Puyallup Tribe is advocating an end to this transfer program. From 1980 to 2000, the Puyallup Tribe
operated a winter steelhead program at the Diru Creek facility. The broodstock for this supplementation
program came from the coastal Quinalt River system. During the 20 year span of program, the tribe re
leased between 8,237 and 116,957 yearling smolts annually into the Puyallup system. The Diru Creek pro
gram was successful, with an average of 915 (range 3641,144) adults returning annually from 1993 to
1999. Unfortunately, the program was discontinued due the lack of water necessary to rear steelhead year
round.
The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous decline
within just the past three years has created serious concern among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsi
ble for the decline in steelhead escapement are unknown, especially when other salmon species are expe
riencing relatively good success. Escapement numbers for the USACE trap in Buckley during 2005 (152
adults) was the lowest ever recorded since 1941. South Prairie Creek averaged 150 redds annually (range
93196) from 1999 to 2004; however, only 32 redds were observed in 2005. Fortunately, escapement in
creased in 2006 and 2007 (129 redds in 2006 & 168 in 2007). Decreased numbers of redds have been ob
served in several other drainages as well; yet a few, such as Boise Creek on the White River, have expe
rienced relatively strong returns in spite of the basin wide declines. The smolt trapping program operated
by the Puyallup Tribe’s Fisheries department on the Puyallup River has observed a substantial decrease in
the number of steelhead smolts captured from 2003 to 2005 (average 62.6 [range 3977] from 20032005 vs.
average of 315 [range 156539] from 20002002) (Berger and Williamson 2005). The previous numbers
don’t include the steelhead escapement for the White River due to the traps location approximately 0.2
miles above the White/Puyallup confluence.
During the spring of 2006, in response to the declining number of winter steelhead, the Puyallup and
Muckleshoot Tribes, as well as the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, began a supplementation
pilot project developed for the White River. The primary goal of this project is to restore the run to a strong
selfsustaining population. The pilot project will utilize captured wild brood stock from the USACE trap in
Buckley to generate approximately 35,000+ yearling smolts. The success or failure of this project will like
ly determine if an additional supplementation program will be implemented on the Puyallup River.
Char/Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

Bull trout were listed on the federal register of endangered species in June of 1998, and are currently des
ignated as “threatened.” Bull trout are not true trout; they actually belong to a group of fishes called char.
Char are members of the salmonid family which includes Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), Arctic char (S.
alpinus) and Lake trout (S. namaycush). Morphologically, bull trout and dolly vardon are nearly indistin
guishable; so much so, bull trout were once thought to be the same species or a sub species of dolly vardon.
It was determined by genetic analysis in the late 1970s that bull trout and dolly vardon were in fact differ
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XII

ent species (Cavender 1978). In addition, research has established that both bull trout and dolly vardon
reside sympatrically in several Western Washington Rivers and streams (Leary and Allendorf 1997).
In an effort to determine the species of char present in the Puyallup/White system, tissue samples from
over 110 char were collected by PTF biologists for genetic analysis. Most of the samples collected were
from char captured in USACE trap, as well as a limited number collected from Puget Sound Energies’
Electron forebay on the Puyallup, and one sample came from the Lower Puyallup River near Commence
ment Bay. Results from the genetic analysis “convincingly indicated”, that all samples collected were bull
trout (Baker et al. 2003). As of the printing of this report, there has been no confirmation of the presence of
dolly vardon in the Puyallup/White River system.
Bull trout are endemic to the Puyallup, Carbon, and White River drainages. Currently the population(s)
size of bull trout within the watershed is unknown. However, since their listing in 1998, the Puyallup Tri
bal Fisheries department has made a focused effort on collecting biological data, as well as spacial informa
tion on bull trout distribution and utilization. Documented areas of utilization include the lower and upper
mainstems of the Puyallup, White, Carbon and Mowich Rivers. The best documentation on bull trout utili
zation exists on the White River. The Upper White River provides some of the best critical habitat for bull
trout spawning and rearing. Surveys of numerous headwater tributaries along the White River and the
West Fork of the White during the summer of 2000, revealed the presence of adult and juvenile bull trout
in several of the drainages (Marks unpublished work).
Each year from 1999 through 2007, between 29 to 49 (annual average of 39) adult upstream migrants were
captured in the USACE trap on the White River and transported above Mud Mountain Dam. This trap
and haul operation conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been functioning since 1941. Data
gathered by PTF on these captured fish strongly indicates both fluvial and anadromous life history traits.
Fluvial bull trout utilize the main river system and tributaries to forage as adults; yet, migrate to their
natal streams or other spawning tributaries to reproduce. Anadromous fish migrate downstream to forage
in more productive marine waters.
Spawning ground surveys conducted by Puyallup Tribe Fisheries biologists on Klickitat Creek during the
2002 through 2006 seasons, observed floy tagged adult fish previously captured in the USACE trap, spawn
ing with nontagged fish. It is surmised that most of the unmarked fish are fluvial bull trout entering from
the mainstem river, since adults are rarely observed in the smaller spawning tributaries preorpost
spawning. However, it is undetermined what component of adults spawners, if any, are residents. Further
research is needed to understand and identify the life history patters and population dynamics of bull trout
in the White River. Addressing this issue, in 2006 and 2007, Puyallup Tribe Fisheries biologist surgically
implanted bull trout captured in the USACE trap with LOTEC radio transmitters (10 in 2006, 19 in 2007).
The radio tagged bull trout were tracked for 6 months as they made their upstream migrations to spawning
sites in the upper White River, as well as their postspawning migrations downstream. During the 2006
study, seven of the ten bull trout spawned in tributaries located on the mainstem of the White River within
Mt. Rainier National Park; one spawned in Lodi Creek on the West Fork within the park, and another in
Silver Creek just a half mile outside of the National Park. In 2007, 8 radio tagged bull trout were observed
spawning in tributaries located on the White River inside the National Park. Two other bull trout were
tracked up the West Fork White near Lodi Creek.
Far less is known about bull trout utilization in the Puyallup, Carbon and Mowich Rivers. Bull trout have
been observed in all three river systems, yet spawning has only been documented in the upper Carbon Riv
er within Mt. Rainier National Park. Bull trout spawning occurs primarily during the first three weeks in
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XIII
September, however, spawning has been observed taking place from the last week of August through the
first week of October. Bull trout are iteroparous (have the ability to spawn more than once); therefore, re
covering preorpost spawn mortalities for examination is extremely rare. Spawners in the upper White
River tributaries are observed utilizing various sized substrate from small gravels to small cobble. Redds
are often constructed in the tailout of pools and along the channel margins. Embryonic development is
slow (depending on water temperatures); it may take between 165235 days for eggs to hatch and for alevin
to absorb their yolk (Pratt 1992). Bull trout fry emerge in late winter and spring. Young fry can often be
seen by mid March foraging in the lateral habitat along the upper mainstem White River and associate tri
butaries.
Harvest
For thousands of years the native populations looked to the Puyallup River (Pwiya`lap) as a critical re
source. In December of 1854, the Puyallup Tribe along with several other Western Washington tribes,
signed the Treaty of Medicine Creek with territorial governor Isaac Stevens (18181862). In accordance
with the treaty of Medicine Creek, the tribes agreed to reside on appointed reservations, further requiring
them (the treaty tribes) to relinquish much of their historic fishing and hunting lands. However, fishing
and hunting rights were addressed in article 3 of the treaty which states in part:
“The right of taking fish, at all usual and accustomed

grounds and stations, is further secured to said Indians
in common with all citizens of the territory”
The rights of natives to fish would be protested and challenged many times, yet the tribe’s treaty right to
fish their usual and accustomed areas (U & A) was reaffirmed in February 1974, by Judge George Boldt
(Case number C709213; U.S. vs. Washington, also known as “The Boldt Decision”). This historic decision
allowed treaty member tribes a right to take 50% of the annual harvestable returns. As a result of the
Boldt decision, treaty tribes also became responsible for managing their own fisheries. Today, the Puyallup
Tribe continues to view the Puyallup and White Rivers as a valuable cultural and economical resource to be
protected. In a cooperative effort with state and federal regulatory agencies, the Puyallup Tribe has be
come an integral link in “CoManaging” the fisheries and water resources of the Puyallup/White River wa
tershed.
The Puyallup tribe currently targets fall chinook, coho and chum in its net fishery on the Lower Puyallup
River. As a protection and enhancement measure, the Puyallup Tribe has not targeted spring chinook in
its fishery for over 30 years. The goal for all target species is to maintain a harvestable stock by ensuring
that a sizable escapement component successfully makes it to the spawning grounds to reproduce. Timing
and fishing efforts are focused on harvesting the stronger hatchery stocks of fall chinook, coho and chum,
while protecting the smaller stocks of wild fish. A harvest biologist with the Puyallup Tribe manages the
fishery to prevent overharvest and to protect species of concern. The Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart
ment works closely with biologists from other state, federal, and tribal agencies to determine the tribal
fishing regulations for each season.
In conjunction with tribal fishing, the Puyallup River system has long supported a significant sport fishery
as well. Sport fishing regulations and laws are managed and enforced by the Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife. The sport anglers in the Puyallup basin target several species including; chinook, coho,
pink, chum, and steelhead. In the Washington State Sport Catch Report for the 20012002 season, (Man
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XIV

ning and Smith 2005) reported, based on catch data received from anglers, that 14,292 salmon were har
vested in the Puyallup system. Harvest summary results reported by WDFW shows 359 steelhead were
caught (284winter/75summer) during the 20012002 season (WDFW 2004). Seasons and limits (quantity,
size, origin: wild or hatchery, type of gear used, fishing areas) are specifically set for each target species to
prevent overharvesting and to protect threatened or depressed stocks such as bull trout, spring chinook,
and wild winter steelhead.
In addition to inriver sport fishing and local tribal harvests, salmon produced in the Puyallup/White River
system are harvested outside of the watershed by commercial, sport, and other tribal fisheries. Significant
numbers of Puyallup/White River produced salmon are caught annually in the Puget Sound, and fisheries
ranging from Oregon to Alaska. Coded wire tag recovery data shows that out of 448 tags recovered from
Voight and Diru Creek fall chinook (1997 broodyear), approximately 36% were harvested in the tribal net
fishery in the Puyallup, 17.4% were recovered from hatchery returns, 20% were caught in Puget Sound and
Washington ocean fisheries, 0.4% in Oregon marine waters, 25% in Canadian fisheries, and 0.4% in
Alaskan fisheries.
Tags recovered from 1,063 White River spring chinook (19931994, zero age broodyears), which generally
reside in Puget Sound waters as adults, shows 78% were recovered from hatchery returns, 16% were from
the Puget Sound sport fishery, and 4% from Canadian sport and commercial fisheries. Tag recovery data
for 1994 through 1996 coho broodyears show out of 450 tags recovered, 23% were from coho caught in the
Puget Sound sport fishery, 3% in Washington ocean sport fishing, 3% in the Canadian ocean sport fishery,
15% were caught in the tribal net fishery in the Puyallup, and 55% were recovered from hatchery returns.
Limiting Factors Affecting Fish Populations

The following section on limiting factors was written by Russ Ladley and originally printed in the 2000 Puyallup River Fall Chi
nook Baseline Report. The following version has been edited and updated since originally drafted in 1999.
Over 45 miles of levee exists along the Puyallup and Carbon Rivers. As a result, habitat restoration and
enhancement actions must emphasize the need to promote freedom for stream channel movement and nat
ural floodplain processes. Within the Salmon Recovery Planning Act, limiting factors are defined as “condi
tions that limit the ability of habitat to fully sustain populations of salmon.” Clearly, levees which block
access to peripheral habitat and reduce the available area of active channel have had a limiting affect on
the fish production. Channel confinement by levees has dramatically reduced availability of suitable
spawning habitat. Setback levees are the solutions to this problem but unfortunately, are years away. The
only setback project completed to date on the Puyallup River (RM 2426) is an outstanding example of what
can be accomplished and the many benefits that are possible. In the short period since completion the river
has braided and migrated forming a natural meander pattern that has reduced gradient. The lower aver
age velocity has permitted retention of gravel material that was previously scoured away under high veloc
ity flows. Channel braiding and large woody debris recruitment has added channel complexity and estab
lished productive spawning and rearing habitat where it did not previously exist.
Development is the greatest threat to habitat restoration and enhancement. Communities such as Orting
are experiencing rapid growth but unfortunately have not provided sufficient setback from floodways and
critical areas. Development within both Sumner and Puyallup has, in many cases, encroached so close to
the levee that any setback opportunity has either been lost or is so costly to be prohibitive. Further “infil
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XV

ling” will diminish restoration opportunities and at the same time increase dependency upon structural
flood management alternatives.
Commencement Bay/Puyallup River Estuary

The Port of Tacoma is today the third largest commercial shipping terminus in the western U.S. Since
1880, a wide variety of activities associated with industrialization and commerce have affected the physi
cal, chemical and biological functions of the Puyallup River estuary. The physical change involves the
transformation of 5,700 acres of intertidal wetlands and mudflats into uplands suitable for commercial and
industrial development. In 1982, the federal government ranked Commencement Bay amongst the most
hazardous waste sites in the U. S. and portions of the area were officially designated as Superfund sites
under CERCLA. The Commencement Bay/Nearshore Tideflats (CB/NT) was later added to the National
Priorities List (NPL) after fish, shellfish and sediments were found to contain elevated levels of harmful
substances.
Commencement Bay is surrounded by industrial, commercial and residential development and is one of the
most highly modified and stressed estuaries in Puget Sound (Shreffler et al. 1992). The Tacoma Pierce
County Health Department has identified approximately 480 point and nonpoint sources that discharge
into Commencement Bay (Rogers et al. 1983). The first step in cleanup actions involves source control.
The industries that have contributed to this dubious distinction include, shipbuilding, coal gasification, pe
troleum storage and refining, ore handling and smelting, wood products storage, burning, and manufactur
ing including Kraft pulp bleaching, chemical storage and manufacturing, solvent processing and many oth
ers.
The chemical and biological impacts associated with industrial process contamination have proven the
most difficult and costly to assess. After nearly 15 years of study we are just beginning to understand the
full extent of contamination and although some sites have been remediated, cleanup in many areas is still
years away. Research related to fish health and/or injury resulting from contamination is far from conclu
sive. However, work by Varanasi et al. (1993) indicates juvenile chinook are susceptible to PCB uptake in
polluted estuaries. Furthermore, this contamination has been linked to suppression of the immuno
response system in these fish.
Restoration planning of the CB/NT area is the responsibility of the Natural Resource Damage Trustees.
This group includes the NOAA, USFWS, DOE, DNR, WDFW, and the Puyallup and Muckleshoot tribes.
The Trustees are charged with restoring injured natural resources. The approach they will use is outlined
in the Commencement Bay Restoration Plan and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement
(1997). Because of the dramatic loss of intertidal wetland and salt marsh habitat during the last 120 years,
restoration planning and CB/NT mitigation projects will require the conversion of subtidal or upland habi
tat into intertidal habitat.
Sewage Treatment Facilities

At the present time there are six wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) which discharge directly to the
Puyallup and Carbon Rivers. These are Carbonado, Wilkeson, South Prairie, Orting, Sumner, and Puyal
lup. The outfall from the City of Tacoma’s WWTP was moved from the Puyallup River to Commencement
Bay in 1990. That outfall extends 1200feet offshore and discharges 38 MGD at a depth of 150feet. The
Puyallup plant is now the largest facility discharging directly to the river with a volume of 3.765MGD dry
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XVI

weather (10.72 MGD wet weather and 9.46MGD annual average). Most of the existing WWTP’s provide
secondary treatment. Both Puyallup and Orting plants were recently expanded to provide both increased
capacity as well as advanced treatment. The Wilkeson plant and South Prairie plant are undersized for
current capacity. The City of Sumner WWTP has a permitted capacity of 2.62 MGD. Sumner employs
chlorine disinfection and sulfur dioxide dechlorination. The actual outfall diffuser is located on the White
River 0.4 mile upstream of the confluence with the Puyallup River.
Pierce County is presently evaluating its sewer system within the context of a programmatic EIS. This is
being done as part of Comprehensive Plan requirements to prepare and update a longrange service plan.
The concepts under review include centralized treatment where all potential sewer service areas will route
to the Chambers Creek Regional WWTP. This concept differs from the current decentralized treatment
that utilizes facilities based on watershed or subwatershed proximity and maximizes gravity flow. One of
the major concerns with this alternative relates to instream flow loss resulting from the transfer of water
out of basin. All of the alternatives under consideration have controversial impacts as does the noaction
alternative.
Defining the impacts of increased wastewater discharge on fisheries, fish habitat, and the state’s antide
gradation policy for groundwater are significant and complex matters. Although these issues apply to both
centralized and decentralized systems, fisheries impacts are probably greater with a decentralized system
because of required plant capacity increases necessary to accommodate future growth.
Upper Puyallup River

The Upper Puyallup Basin had been void of anadromous fish between the construction of the Electron Dam
in 1904 and the completion of the 215 foot fish ladder in 2000. The Electron Hydroproject involves a water
diversion dam located at RM 41.7, 10.5 miles of flume, a forebay for sediment removal, power generation
station and transmission equipment. The project operates under a 400cfs water right but seldom if ever
operates under that volume. Typical operating flows utilize about 350cfs withdrawal.
In 1997 the Puyallup Tribe entered into a Resource Enhancement Agreement (REA) with Puget Sound
Energy, the project owner/operator, to begin fisheries restoration efforts within the project affected area.
The REA includes provisions for the maintenance of minimum instream flows within the project bypass (a
10.1mile reach of the Puyallup River formerly subject to withdrawal of all water save for tributary inflow).
Excellent spawning habitat exists throughout the Upper Puyallup watershed including upstream of the
PSE diversion dam. Adult chinook were reintroduced to the Upper Puyallup River in 1999. Surplus chi
nook from the WDFW Voight Creek Hatchery were trucked and released at three different locations to
maximize disbursement. Subsequent surveys revealed excellent results. Additional adult chinook plants
have been made annually when surplus fish were available.
The REA also provided for construction and operation of rearing ponds for coho and chinook supplementa
tion. The fish production potential of the upper Puyallup is unknown. However, over 26 miles of stream
habitat exists above the dam which becomes accessible following completion of the Electron Dam fish lad
der in the fall of 2000. The ladder is designed to operate with at least 40cfs and incorporates a modified
weir and rock design.
The REA also provides for minimum instream flows which were not previously required despite established
state law. Under the REA, PSE will provide 60cfs year round in the bypass reach. This will increases to
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XVII

80cfs during the fourmonth period from July 15 and November 15 to facilitate adult salmon migrating
upstream. Water spilled at the dam in conjunction with tributary and spring flow accretion will provide
sufficient flow for upstream passage.
Completion of the fish ladder was the centerpiece of the REA. Viable fish habitat must be accessible to
realize full production potential. The absence of anadromous fish above Electron Dam prior to 2000 has in
all likelihood biased the scrutiny and regulatory oversight of past land use, forest practice and road con
struction/maintenance actions.
Hancock Forest Resource Group (formally Camble Group L.L.C.) is the primary private landowner in this
WAU but the federal government has considerable holdings as well. The bulk of the Forest Service owner
ship is contiguous with the Mount Rainier National Park and located on the east headwaters. Primary tri
butaries to the upper Puyallup include: Neisson Creek, Kellogg Creek, LeDout Creek, Swift Creek, Deer
Creek, Mowich River and the North Fork Puyallup River. In addition, numerous smallunnamed wall base
channels parallel the Puyallup River and provide prime rearing habitat. Because of the large basin size
(110,080 acres) and the quality of habitat available, recovery efforts are a high priority for the Tribe.
Carbon River
The Carbon River flows 33 miles before reaching the Puyallup River near the City of Orting and has a
mean annual flow of 664cfs. The Carbon supports all five species of salmon as well as steelhead, cutthroat
and bull trout. Hancock Forest Resource Group and the US Forest Service have roughly equal land owner
ship in this 92,000acre WAU. Approximately 66,000acres are in federal ownership including National
Park designation. The upper 12 miles of the Carbon River in the vicinity of Carbonado and Fairfax are
deeply incised in a bedrock gorge which restricts human access. A number of small tributaries enter in this
reach but plunge vertically into the river and hence, are not fish bearing. The lower 8.5 miles of the river
are artificially confined with a network of levees built and maintained by Pierce County for flood control
purposes. This reach of the Carbon also supports a number of naturally spawning chinook, chum, and
steelhead. Productive habitat is severely limited due to confinement between levees and levee/culvert
blockages of wall base channels.
South Prairie Creek

South Prairie Creek has long been considered the heart of the Puyallup River fisheries resource. Although
returns have declined over the past twenty years, it remains one of the top producers in the Puyallup River
system. No other stream in the Puyallup/White basin, except for Boise Creek on the White River, is as
productive in terms of both spawning density (number of spawners per mile) and total escapement size.
The 15.4miles of anadromous habitat in South Prairie Creek support more chinook, pink, chum and steel
head than the entire 68 miles of the mainstem Puyallup River. Resource protection within this drainage is
therefore paramount. Land use policy and water allocation are two issues that will play a critical role in
the longterm viability of this unique drainage.
South Prairie Creek was placed on the state 303(d) list in 1997 for water temperature excursions. This is
alarming particularly because the causal mechanism is not evident. South Prairie Creek flows westward
within a steep valley and is bordered by a relatively healthy RMZ throughout much of its course. The fact
that the excursion was measured on private timberlands is all the more mysterious. Perhaps ambient wa
ter temperatures are naturally warm in this system. Further monitoring will hopefully help edify this
enigma.
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XVIII

In response to the high priority listing for watershed analysis by the Department of Natural Resources
(DNR) for this WAU, a stream typing review was completed in 1997. This updated information will be an
asset for this proposed culvert assessment work. Hancock is the largest landowner (31%) in the basin fol
lowed by the USFS (17%) and Plum Creek (10%). Additionally, 30% of the basin area is mixed residential
and agricultural lands. There are approximately 52 miles of stream in the watershed including tributaries.
Lower Puyallup River

Two primary landform processes are responsible for the current configuration of the Puyallup River valley;
glaciation and deposition of alluvial materials. The valley is bordered by uplands made up of unstratified
till deposits that were carried by moving ice. They consist of clay, sand and gravel and boulders. Tills are
generally stable and well compacted from the weight of glacial ice they once supported.
The valley walls often lack the same compaction and consist primarily of sand and gravel. This material is
open and loose. This geological makeup makes them prime candidates for aggregate materials commonly
used for Portland cement and structural fill. This high demand resource explains the proliferation of gra
vel mines in such areas. The primary component of the floodplain is alluvial deposits from streams and
rivers. This material is made up of fine sand, silt and clay. These are the nutrient rich soils that brought
agricultural fame to the Puyallup valley. Prior to flood control projects, alluvial materials were deposited
on the valley floor during seasonal flood events.
The “Limiting Factors Analysis” for the Puyallup River Basin completed by the Washington State Conser
vation Commission (WCC 1999) found the lower section of the Puyallup River to function primarily as a
transportation corridor having lost most of its riparian habitat, spawning habitat, and rearing habitat.
Tidal influence can extend upstream to approximately RM 6.0. The salinity halocline has been observed as
far upstream as Interstate 5 (WDOT).
Solutions to today’s absence of estuarine habitat focus on introducing historical processes, functions and
conditions where possible. Although the Commencement Bay tideflats area may never again resemble
preEuropean settlement conditions, many opportunities remain to improve upon current conditions.
Flood Control History

The flood control history described in the White River Spring Chinook Recovery Plan also applies to much
of the Puyallup and Carbon Rivers. Essentially, flood control was achieved through a combination of prac
tices such as dredging, straightening, revetment and levee construction. The most intensive application of
these methods was directed toward the lower Puyallup River from the confluence of the White River to
Commencement Bay. In this 10.4mile stretch, the river is channeled and constrained within a concrete
trapezoidal revetment. This effort was initiated by a legislative Act in 1913 which created the Inter
County River Improvement District. This entity was a joint King and Pierce County entity was established
to address flooding problems that primarily originated on the White River but which have the greatest im
pact on the lower Puyallup River.
The bulk of the gravel mining has traditionally taken place in the vicinity of Orting both on the Carbon and
Puyallup Rivers. Both rivers are tightly confined by levees, which further fuels the perceived need for gra
vel removal. When a gravel bar is deposited after high flow events, the obvious perception is that it is
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XIX

blocking the channel and must be removed. Many local residents believe gravel mining is an essential
component of flood prevention. Public visibility has been an important factor in siting gravel removal op
erations. The problem with this is that we are recruiting and familiarizing more and more people to the
practice who will likely acquire the sentiment that gravel extraction is necessary for flood safety. Gravel
removal operations have ceased since the listing of chinook in 2000.
Surprisingly, there is little if any scientific data that supports gravel removal as a viable means of flood
protection. On the other hand, if residents understood the fact that the flood carrying capacity of the Car
bon and Puyallup Rivers is less than the 100year flood at numerous locations (Prych, 1988) then they
might acknowledge the need for additional land acquisitions and/or setback levee construction. They might
also be less willing to purchase homes located in close proximity to the floodway.
The annual volume of gravel material removed from the Puyallup and Carbon rivers has not been well do
cumented. However, more recently, HPA data reveal a trend toward diminishing volumes. Part of this re
lates to increased concerns about impacts to fish habitat and related difficulties in permitting. Pierce
County Water Programs (formerly River Improvement) targets gravel removal sites in proximity to public
facilities. Bridges and levees that are prone to material buildup (aggradation) are typically at the top of
the list for gravel removal.
The Department of Natural Resources had the option of charging royalties on aggregate materials mined
from waters of the state. The term waters of the state applies to navigable waters which have been deter
mined to be the Puyallup River downstream of the confluence with the Carbon River (RM 17.3). Ideally,
mining royalties could be collected and applied to WRIA based mitigation, enhancement and/or land acqui
sition programs.
On the Puyallup River upstream of Orting, RM 2125, Pierce County has emphasized property acquisition
in lieu of costly maintenance repairs and reconstruction. In fact, since the inception of the property acqui
sition program in 1991, Pierce County has acquired 21 homes and over 500 acres of floodplain area. This
approach was taken to reduce maintenance expenditures associated with repetitive losses of highrisk levee
facilities.
In 1997 a 2mile long setback levee was constructed on the rightbank of the Puyallup between RM 23 and
25. Over 123 acres of public land was added to the floodplain as part of the levee setback. The expanded
floodplain will allow flood flow energy to dissipate over a greater area thereby reducing scour depth and
providing greater channel stability. Freedom from levee confines has permitted natural fluvial processes to
reengage the surrounding landscape. Already significant and beneficial changes are apparent. The
wooded bottom lands are being flooded, scoured and are forming a diverse floodplain providing characteris
tic physical and biological features and functions that have been absent since the levees were constructed
some 50 years ago.
Property buyout and setback programs must be encouraged. Although expensive, this approach represents
the best opportunity for reestablishing natural production. The Orting levee setback should be considered
only the first in a long list of habitat recovery projects. Additional restoration opportunities offering flood
protection benefits are discussed in the Puyallup Tribes, Restoration Site Catalog (Ladley and Smith,
1999). However, there are many more sites that can be added to this list to provide significant habitat ad
ditions.
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XX

Recently released rule language governing take propose significant restrictions to current land use policies.
For example, the newly acquired recognition of channel migration zone (CMZ) will be a key element within
the evolving ESA § 4(d) rule now being packaged by the TriCounty governments. It is possible that levee
repairs in repetitive loss locations may conflict with CMZ management principles currently under devel
opment.
This issue is also pertinent to the NMFS concept of properly functioning conditions (PFC). Rule language
in the Federal Register reads: properly functioning conditions is the sustained presence of natural habitat
forming processes in a watershed (e.g. riparian community succession, bedload transport, precipitation ru
noff pattern, channel migration) that are necessary for the long term survival of the species through the full
range of environmental variation. Gravel mining operations clearly affect three of the four italicized ele
ments.
In 1997, at the request of the Puyallup Tribe, Pierce County formed an ad hoc committee on gravel mining.
After the February 8, 1996 flood event, a renewed interest in flood protection and gravel removal arose.
Pierce County went as far as to prepare a public bid package for the removal of 1million cubic yards of
gravel from the Puyallup River system. Fortunately, no action was taken. The committee addressed local
demand for riverine aggregate materials while at the same time recognized the need to protect fish and
their habitat. The group was instrumental in approving gravel removal proposals and for the first time
used current spawning survey data to minimize adverse impacts to significant spawning habitat.
Vegetation management is another important component of flood management in the Puyallup River, par
ticularly on levees and/ or revetment. For over 65 years vegetation was actively managed to limit size and
distribution. The general theory follows that any vegetation that covers revetments may hide obvious signs
of structural weakness or potential problems. Root structures from trees were also perceived as a threat to
levee integrity. Root balls torn out by flooding or high wind may expose the underlying levee fill material.
Without the armor layer to provide protection a levee can rapidly unravel and is susceptible to catastrophic
failure.
The Puyallup Tribe has entered in to levee vegetation management agreement with both Pierce County
and the Corps of Engineers. The Corps has flood facility jurisdiction on the lower Puyallup River from RM
3.0 to the mouth. Pierce County has jurisdiction upstream of RM 3.0 to RM 8.26 on the Carbon and to RM
27 on the Puyallup. These agreements were designed to reform levee management practices and reduce
habitat injury associated with levee maintenance. The agreements specify where and what vegetation is
permissible both on and/or near revetment structures. The arrangement provides for both structural in
spection needs and a modicum of fisheries habitat requirements. Since the agreements were adopted, levee
vegetation has flourished. Although riparian conditions are still far from ideal, the existing vegetation
does provide an important shading function.
Spawning Ground Escapement Surveys

The Puyallup Tribe of Indians Fisheries Division has conducted extensive spawning ground escapement
surveys for salmon, steelhead and bull trout in the Puyallup/White River watershed since 1991. Closely
monitoring the escapement numbers of fish on the spawning grounds is a critical link in ensuring a sus
tainable fishing harvest for target species. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife regularly
conducts surveys on several key drainages including the Clearwater River and Wilkeson Creek for steel
head; and South Prairie Creek for chinook and steelhead. Precise escapement numbers for the upper
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXI

White River drainage are known, since all adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the upper White are
captured in the USACE fish trap, then transported and released above Mud Mountain Dam (MMD @ RM
29.6). Therefore, surveys conducted on the upper White River are done primarily to determine fish distri
bution and spawning success. Adult spawning data is especially important regarding spring chinook, since
adult production monitoring is an integral part of the White River Spring Chinook Recovery Plan.
Fall and early winter survey conditions are often marked by extremely low, turbid flows. Early in the chi
nook run, flows in the main stem river side channels and tributaries are often too low to allow fish access to
these key spawning areas. The resulting focus by chinook on mainstem spawning is therefore extremely
difficult to document due to highly turbid conditions in the Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers. Low water
visibility during the spring often affects the late steelhead surveys in the mainstem rivers as well. Most of
this report summarizes spawning ground data gathered from August of 2007, through June of 2008. Chi
nook (pink in odd years) surveys are conducted from the middle of August through the first week of No
vember, with peak spawning occurring around the later part of September to early October. The window
for char reproduction is quit brief; with the majority of spawning taking place during the first three weeks
of September. Coho are observed on the spawning grounds the midpart of September through late De
cember, peaking around the end of October through the first part of November (South Prairie Creek expe
riences a late run into February/March). Chum spawn as early as the end of October, continuing through
the first half of February, hitting their spawning peak in mid to late December. Steelhead (winter run)
surveys begin in midMarch and conclude in midJune. However, adult steelhead are often present in the
Puyallup/White River watershed year round. Most streams are surveyed by foot, with the exception of the
Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers, as well as South Prairie Creek, which are floated by raft.
Data collected for all species during spawning surveys include the number of live and dead fish observed
throughout the survey reach. With chinook, steelhead and bull trout, the number and locations of redds
are also documented. Redds are marked with flagging, and the site locations are collected using a hand
held GPS unit. Maps are generated from the GPS data collected, showing the redd locations for chinook,
bull trout, and steelhead (Appendix C). Significant carcass sampling is conducted for adult chinook and
coho throughout the watershed. Carcasses are examined for fin clips (marks) and checked for coded wire
tags (CWTs) with a metal detecting wand. Chinook carcasses with a left or right ventral clip are White
River spring chinook from acclimation ponds located above Mud Mountain Dam. Carcasses with an adi
pose clip or a combination adipose clip and CWT, are hatchery origin fall chinook. Adult coho carcasses are
examined for adipose clips and CWTs. Coho carcasses with no marks or CWTs are considered wild, whe
reas coho with a missing adipose, and / or CWTs, are considered hatchery origin fish. The snouts are re
moved from carcasses with detectable CWTs, labeled, then forwarded to the Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife for identification.
Continuing efforts are being made by the tribe to increase and expand the survey coverage area in order to
improve escapement estimates. Increased effort is especially needed in expanding bull trout and steelhead
survey areas. To date, little or no effort has been expended on surveying the 26+ miles of habitat above the
Electron diversion dam on the Puyallup River, as well as the mainstem White above Mud Mountain Dam,
or above the upper Carbon River gorge. Through limited survey observations and from adult fish caught in
the Electron forebay, it is know that chinook, coho, and steelhead are accessing and spawning in the upper
reach of the Puyallup, as well as the Mowich River. Unfortunately, a very limited amount of data has been
collected on escapement and spawning distribution of fish in the upper Puyallup River basin.
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXII

Fish and Habitat Restoration

One of the Puyallup Tribe’s most significant restoration goals is to rebuild depressed chinook stocks and
remove them from ESA listing. The Puyallup Tribe operates seven acclimation ponds in the Puyal
lup/White River Watershed. Three of the acclimation ponds are used for reintroducing fall chinook and co
ho into a 30 mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Dam (RM 41.7). The Electron diversion
dam had been an anadromous barrier for 97 years (19042000). A 215 foot fish ladder was constructed, and
completed in the fall of 2000. Using acclimation ponds, limiting harvest, and making substantial gains in
habitat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections
both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been in
itiated. Only the jumpstarting of chinook in habitat areas devoid of fish is left. Acclimation ponds are a
proven method for increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rearing 200,000 fall chi
nook for acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River is a key component to restoration goals. Four other
acclimation ponds are located in the upper White River drainage; including a new pond located on the
Greenwater River which was constructed during the summer of 2007. These ponds are used for reintroduc
ing White River spring chinook back into their endemic range. Hatchery rearing up to 900,000+ spring chi
nook for acclimation ponds in the upper White River is a fundamental part of the White River spring chi
nook recovery plan. In addition to the rearing and acclimation of juveniles, surplus live adult fall chinook
from the WDFW Voight Creek hatchery are planted in the upper Puyallup drainage when surplus fish are
available. In addition, the PuyallupWhite River winter steelhead stocks have been in serious decline for
the past several years.
Salmon and Steelhead Escapement Estimates

It is important to note that the numbers of live fish observed and
(1) Trapazoidal Approximation
represented in the graphs are an accumulation of all fish seen n
AUC= S(titi1) (x i+xi1)
_________
throughout the survey season. The total number of live fish ob i=2
2
served does not depict the actual estimated escapement which is de
rived through statistical analysis (AUC method). Starting with
2005, chinook, coho, and chum salmon species escapement estimates, both redd based and AUC will be
available. (see Appendix F for complete list of escapement estimates). The areaunderthecurve method
used for most of the salmon escapement estimates is the trapezoidal approximation (English et al. 1992;
Bue et al. 1998). This equation is used to calculate escapement when the beginning and end of a survey
season has zero live fish observed, where ti is the day of the year and xi is the number of fish observed for
the ith survey. However, this equation will not surpass on its own if the survey season does not begin, and
or end in zero observations of fish (Johnson and Barrett 1998; English et al. 1992).
The Area Under the Curve (1) analysis is derived from the live count results for
(x s)
(2) AUC first =_________
1 each drainage, using a range of 7595% observer effi
ciency. To account for season estimates when fish are
2 (3) AUC last = (x lasts)
_________
observed during the first, and or last survey, the fol
2
lowing rules as used by the Alaska Department of
Fish and Game in Cordova (Bue et al. 1998) were applied in our estimates.
When fish are observed on the first survey, the following equations is applied (2), where s is the fishlife (an
average 10 day fishlife expectancy is used for all species). When live fish are still observed on the final sur
vey; then equation (3) is applied. Equation (4) is then used to determine the final escapement estimate (E);
where v is the correction for observer efficiency. The AUC method is not used to determine steelhead
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXIII
escapement. Since all chinook and coho are sampled and the tails removed; when the (4) E = AUC
number of dead fish is significantly greater than the live count or AUC estimate, then SV
the dead count is used as the escapement. However, chum and pink salmon are not
sampled due to the generally large numbers of carcasses experienced on the spawning grounds. Therefore,
the dead counts for chum and pinks are an approximate number observed.
Currently, instead of using the AUC method to determine steelhead escapement, the Puyallup Tribal Fi
sheries Department and WDFW determine steelhead escapement based on redd counts. Since the mid
1980’s, state biologists have derived steelhead escapement from data obtained through WDFW’s (formally
Washington Department of Game) Snow Creek Research Project (Freymond and Foley 1985). Researchers
placed a weir on Snow Creek, and over several years were able to count the number of steelhead passed
above, as well as the number of redds produced by spawners. A final factor of 0.81 females per redd was
calculated. Furthermore, a ratio of 1 male to 1 female is used when no sex ratio is known; which is the case
throughout the Puyallup/White River system. Therefore, to determine the total escapement for steelhead,
each redd is multiplied by a factor of 1.62 (i.e. 42 redds x 1.62 steelhead per redd = total escapement of 68
steelhead). This system is not applied to steelhead redds observed in the upper White River drainage. As
stated earlier, precise escapement numbers for the upper White River drainage are known. Adult salmon
and steelhead that spawn in the upper White are first captured in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ fish
trap, then transported and released above Mud Mountain Dam. Therefore, surveys conducted on the upper
White River are done primarily to determine fish distribution and spawning success.
About This Report

The information and spawning data contained within this report is not all inclusive of the entire wa
tershed, but rather focuses on those stream and river segments known to support the majority of spawners.
Over the past few season, the Puyallup/White River system has experienced an increase in escapement,
range and distribution for all salmon species, especially chum and pinks. Over 33,000 pink salmon were
transported above Mud Mountain Dam on the White River in 2005, and over 127,000 pink salmon were
transported in 2007. In addition to increased pink and chum returns, chinook and coho escapements have
experience improvements as well, this has made it necessary to survey more river miles to cover the ex
panding distribution for all species and determine the spawning escapement/success.
This report is organized alphabetically by stream name, project or facility. If applicable, each includes riv
er miles surveyed, the WRIA designation, as well as a description of the drainage, project or facility. Most
of the data is graphically represented by species, showing the total number of live fish, dead fish and redds
counted throughout the spawning season. In addition, yearly species comparisons are presented when
three or more years of survey data is available. If less than three years of data is available, or if a particu
lar drainage was not surveyed with any regularity, or when few fish were observed, no graphs are pre
sented. However, raw survey data for each stream and river surveyed can be found in Appendix D. Some
graphs in this report were generated using data collected by WDFW. Also included in this report is infor
mation and data collected from several other Puyallup Tribal Fisheries projects including; the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE) fish trap on the White River, Electron fish bypass facility, Puyallup River ju
venile salmonid production assessment project (smolt trap), and the Puyallup Tribe’s salmon hatcheries on
Clarks and Diru Creeks.
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXIV

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Fish and Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.62). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TREL824. 24pp.
Peterson, N.P., and T.P. Quinn. 1996. Spacial and temperal variation in dissolved oxygen in natural egg
pockets of chum salmon, in Kenedy Creek, Washington. Fish Biol. 48: 131143
Piper, R.G. et al. 1982. Fish Hatchery Management. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. 517pp.
Pratt, K.L. 1992. A review of bull trout life history. Pages 59 in P.J. Howell and D.V. Buchanan, editors.
Proceedings of the Gearhart Mountain Bull trout workshop. Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries
Society, Corvallis.
Prych, E.A. 1987. Flood –carrying capacities and changes in channels of the lower Puyallup, White and
Carbon Rivers in western Washington: U. S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigation Report
874129, 71pp.
Quinn, T.P. et al. 1996. Behavioral tactics of male sockeye(Onchorynchus nerka) under varying operation
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Salo, E.O., and T.H. Jagielo. 1983. The Status of the anadromous fishes of the WhitePuyallup River sys
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200pp.
Shaklee, J.B., and Young, S.F. 2003. Microsatellite DNA Analysis and Run Timing of Chinook Salmon in
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Wildl. Serv., Special Scientific Report Fisheries No. 407: 20pp.
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXVII

Shirvell, C.S., and R.G. Dungey. 1983. Micrhabitats chosen by brown trout for feeding and spawning in
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PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXVIII

SUMMARY OF 2007/2008 ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Several fisheries escapement and enhancement projects were continued or completed during the 20072008
season. Most of the following projects or studies are covered in more detail in this report. Other Puyallup
tribal fisheries projects involving harvest, TFW, environmental, management, and habitat are covered in
separate reports.
· Spring chinook spawning surveys in the upper White River above Mud Mountain Dam.
· Spring/Fall chinook spawning surveys in the Puyallup/lower White River Watershed.
· Bull Trout spawning and radio telemetry surveys along the White River / West Fork White River.
· Coho spawning surveys in the Puyallup/White River Watershed.
· Chum spawning surveys in the Puyallup/lower White River Watershed (downstream of RM 24.3).
· Winter steelhead spawning surveys in the Puyallup/White River Watershed.
· Juvenile salmonid production assessment project on the lower Puyallup River.
· Sampled and monitored adult salmonids at the USACE trapping facility on the White River.
· Monitored, sampled and evaluated the migration and survival of salmonids in Puget Sound Ener
gys’ Electron fish bypass facility on the Puyallup River.
· Spring chinook acclimation project on upper White River Tributaries: Huckleberry Creek,
Clearwater and Greenwater Rivers.
· Fall chinook acclimation project on the Puyallup River and Hylebos.
· Fall chinook hatchery production at Puyallup Tribe’s hatchery facility on Clarks Creek.
· Chum hatchery production at Puyallup Tribe’s hatchery facility on Diru Creek.
· Adult coho surplus plants in the upper Puyallup River: North Fork Puyallup River, Rushingwater
and Deer Creeks.
· Collected wild broodstock for the White River winter steelhead supplementation project (2nd year).
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXIX

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AUC: Area under the curve

CB/NT: Commencement Bay/ Nearshore Tideflat
CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CFS: Cubic Feet per Second
CWT: Coded Wire Tag
DIDSON: Dual Frequency Identification Sonar
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid (genetic sample)
DNR: Department of Natural Resources
EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
ESA: Endangered Species Act
GIS: Geographic Information Systems
GPM: Gallons per Minute
GPS: Global Positioning System
LP: Lower Pond
LWD: Large Woody Debris
M: Marked fish (internal/external tags or fin clipped), Hatchery origin
MMD: Mud Mountain Dam (USACE Facility)
MGD: Million Gallons per Day
MS222: Tricaine methanesulfonate (anesthetic)
N/O: None Observed
NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
NOR: Natural Origin Recruit (Wild)
NPS: National Park Service
NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Units
NWIFC: Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission
RM: River Mile
RMZ: Riparian management Zone
PIT: Passive Integrated Transponder (internal tag)
PSE: Puget Sound Energy
PTF: Puyallup Tribal Fisheries
TFW: Timber, Fish and Wildlife
U: Unmarked fish (no internal/external tags or fin clips), Wild
UP: Upper Pond
USACE: United States Army Corps of Engineers
USFS: United States Forest Service
WDFW: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
WRIA: Water Resource Inventory Area
0 (age): Subyearling, zero aged fish (less than one year old), young of the year
1+: Yearling (1 year + age fish)
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXX

miles of the creek. Unfortunately, flows during the
BOISE winter of 2006 were not conducive to surveying, so

no chum surveys were conducted. However, 137
chum were captured in the USACE trap upstream
CREEK 10.0057 from Boise Creek (4 in 2005; 14 in 2004).

A bedrock falls at RM 4.5 marks the upper ex
tent of adult salmon and steelhead migration (top
left). Cutthroat and rainbow trout have been ob
served above the falls; although, no data is availa
ble on the size or range of the population(s). Above
the falls the gradient increases becoming a small
cascade/steppool configuration. The channel up
stream of the falls, to where Boise crosses under
highway 410, was altered back in the mid 1930’s to
accommodate for the construction of the highway.
Beyond this, the creek passes through the old
Weyerhauser mill site which is still a large source
of sedimentary input.
Below the falls, Boise flows through a lower
gradient rifflepool channel within dense second
growth forest for approximately 0.2 miles, with
B
oise Creek is a significant tributary to the
White River, converging with the White numerous tailouts and quality gravel. Spawning
River at RM 23.5, just downstream of densities for all species are often high within this
where highway 410 crosses the river north of section. Continuing downstream of the forested
Buckley. In contrast to most of the Puyal area is a low gradient reach flowing for approx
lup/White River watershed which falls within imately 0.5 miles within the golf course in the city
Pierce County, Boise Creek lies within King Coun of Enumclaw (lower photo). The riparian zone
ty with much of the lower creek flowing south alongside this section is exceptionally sparse; the
alongside the city of Enumclaw. banks are merely ripraped and bordered by main
Boise Creek has often proven to be highly pro tained turf grass, blackberry and small deciduous
ductive tributary over the past several years de trees. There is, however, a short section located
spite its numerous impairments. A good deal of within the golf course below RM 4.0 with an intact
the lower 4.5 miles of the creek provides suitable hardwood riparian zone. Spawning is noticeably
Pink Salmon in Boise Creek
habitat for several anadromous and resident spe
cies including spring and fall chinook, coho, pink,
sockeye, steelhead and cutthroat trout. Although
rare, chum have been observed, prior to 2002, in
the lower 0.5 miles of the creek. In August of 2003,
the city of Tacoma removed its 99 year old concrete
pipeline crossing located at RM 23 on the White
River. The concrete and rebar structure had long
been suspected of injuring salmon and limiting up
stream migration of weaker swimmers like chum
salmon. The removal of the old concrete structure
has resulted in increased number of chum salmon
being able to access Boise Creek. During the 2005
season, 10 chum were observed in the lower 1.5
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES
20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 1
nook spawners over

the past several
sons (20002006).
Carcass sampling da
ta shows that a
nificant number of
chinook, as high as
64% (in 2006), that
spawn in Boise Creek
are hatchery origin
fall chinook. This
corresponds with
DNA sampling
Map showing the lower 4.5 miles of Boise Creek. dies of chinook in the
reduced throughout the entire reach of the creek White River; the study showed an approximately
flowing within the open range of the golf course 60% falls and 40% spring chinook component in
(bottom left photo). Downstream from the golf the lower river (below diversion dam at RM 24.3).
course, Boise Creek begins to flow through resi The pink salmon returns to Boise in 2005 and 2007
dential and agricultural lands. This more devel were unprecedented. Estimate calculations put
oped reach extends from approximately RM 3.7 the actual escapement at nearly 16,000 fish in
down to RM 0.3; much of the stream along this 2005, and nearly 28,000 in 2007. Spawning
stretch is incised to depths of 20 feet or more. Ex tunities for all species is dramatically reduced in
tensive tracts of land bordering Boise Creek below the lower 0.3 miles of the creek. The gradient
RM 3.5 are primarily used for maintaining cattle throughout this short stretch is steeper, the banks
and other livestock. are confined by high steep walls, and the substrate
Although spawning activity for all species oc consists of mostly boulders and large cobble.
curs throughout the entire 4.5 miles, approx Chinook, coho, Poached steelhead in
ly 6570% of chinook, coho, and pink spawning oc and steelhead are Boise Creek.
cur above RM 2.4. From 1999 to 2007, an average especially vulnera
of 63.8% (range 53.5%83.3%) of steelhead ble to poaching and
spawned above RM 2.4. During the 2005 season, harassment in this
the first significant numbers of chum salmon were urban stream.
observed in Boise Creek as high as RM 1.5. Boise rounding
has continued to support a large number of chi al land use continues to impact channel conditions
in Boise Creek. Other limiting factors affecting
Boise include the loss of streamside vegetation,
channel confinement and realignment, tempera
ture and other water quality issues and LWD in
puts.
Tremendous improvements to riparian condi
tions are possible but require willing land owners,
technical expertise and funding. Despite its many
habitat related shortcomings, Boise Creek contin
ues to support returns of wild steelhead, a re
markable fact in light of the basinwide decline.
over the past decade.
Boise Creek channel within the golf course.
2007 Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
140
LIVE
DEAD
120
REDDS
100
NUMBER OBSERVED
80
60
40
20
0
8/21/07 9/5/07 9/14/07 10/5/07 10/17/07 10/26/07
DATE SURVEYED
Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Season Comparisons (19942007)

1,000
903
900 LIVE DEAD REDDS
800
732
700
617
NUMBER OBSERVED
552
600
500
440
351
344
400
318
315
261
300
229
226
221
215
205
170
160
155
153
150
147
200
100
100
89
89
81
75
70
67
63
100
58
46
44
41
35
32
30
28
27
24
11
10
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

250 2007 Boise Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
DEAD
200
NUMBER OBSERVED
150
100
50
0
9/14/07 10/5/07 10/17/07 10/26/07 11/5/07 11/16/07 11/27/07 12/7/07 12/17/07
DATE SURVEYED
3,285
3,500 Boise Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)
LIVE
DEAD
3,000
2,500
2,155
NUMBER OBSERVED
2,000
1,513
1,500
1,083
841
1,000
697
601
558
483
394
335
327
500
282
251
233
222
208
158
108
99
95
90
51
43
40
30
30
20
21
12
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR SURVEYED

2007 Boise Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
30,000
LIVE
25,000 DEAD
20,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
8/21/07 9/5/07 9/14/07 10/5/07 10/17/07 10/26/07 11/5/07 11/16/07
SEASON SURVEYED
70,000 Boise Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)
61,164
LIVE
DEAD
60,000
50,000
39,744
NUMBER OBSERVED
40,000
23,750
30,000
20,000
6,517
4,392
10,000
1,200
6
0
2001 2003 2005 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

2008 Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts

20
LIVE
18
DEAD
REDDS
16
14
NUMBER OBSERVED
12
10
0
4/1/08 4/11/08 4/25/08 5/7/08 5/28/08
DATE SURVEYED
120 Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)
STEELHEAD REDDS
100
88
79
80
74
NUMBER OBSERVED
63
60 56
44
40
32
30 29
27
18 18
20 16 15
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SEASON SURVEYED

months that salmon, steelhead and bull trout
BUCKLEY: return to the upper White River, the USACE

empties the trap daily, the trap is hoisted to a
USACE FISH TRAP tanker truck, and fish are released from the trap
into the truck. Fish are then transported above
WHITE RIVER Mud Mountain Dam and released back into the
White River at RM 33.6; four miles above the dam
and about one mile below the confluence with the
Clearwater River.
Species of salmonids captured in the trap in
clude spring and fall chinook, coho, pink, sockeye,
chum, steelhead and bull trout. Puyallup Tribe
Fisheries staff samples the contents of the trap
once a week throughout the entire year. Species
sampled regularly include chinook, steelhead,
sockeye, and bull trout. During the spring chi
nook/sockeye/bull trout run (late May early Octo
ber) PTF staff sample the trap 1 to 5 days per
week; the frequency is dependent on the number of
fish captured throughout the entire run. Steel
S
almon, steelhead and char migrating to the head are sampled regularly by PTF staff from late
upper White River and its headwaters, enter January through June. All fish sampled are dip
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) netted from the trap and placed into a 30 gallon
fish trapping facility located at RM 24.3 near stainless steel bin and anesthetized with MS222.
Buckley (top left photo). The Corps’ trapping All fish are examined for fin–clips and chinook are
facility is uniquely integrated into a diversion dam sampled for codedwire tags with a metal detector.
and flume intake that was, up until January 2004, Additional sampling includes measuring each fish
used to divert water from the White River to for fork length
generate power. Since PSE ceased power and collection
production, some measure of water has continued of DNA and
to be diverted from the White River to maintain scale samples
the water levels and water quality in Lake Tapps. from chinook,
Engineering and development is currently sockeye and
char. DNA
underway way to replace the existing structure
sampling in Spring chinook on measuring scale
with a new diversion dam and fish trapping
volves remov
facility. The USACE facility offers unparalleled
ing a small amount of the anal fin and preserving
access to significant numbers of salmonids, which
it in 95% ethanol (C2H5OH) for later analysis. In
Adult Bull Trout has been
addition to DNA and scale samples, char are floy
invaluable tool
tagged and transported above Mud Mountain Dam
for research,
(lower left). Wild steelhead are also transported
salmon above Mud Mountain dam, while hatchery steel
recovery and head are returned back into the White River below
escapement the USACE trap as per agreement with the Muck
estimates. leshoot Indian Tribe and the State of Washington.
During the

5,431
6,000 Chinook Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19762007)
4,634
4,603
4,565
NUMBER OF CHINOOK TRANSPORTED
5,000
3,736
4,000 3,692
2,584
3,000
2,394
2,002
1,945
1,893
1,849
1,841
1,551
1,546
1,470
2,000
1,370
1,292
1,101
969
931
842
803
794
719
702
684
658
639
633
605
1,000
557
534
528
505
488
465
447
422
406
409
402
393
392
388
392
374
277
261
245
229
221
175
164
140
137
127
117
111
72
66
61
27
20
26
10
6
0
1941
1943
1945
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
YEAR
2007 Buckley Trap Chinook Returns 2007 Buckley Trap Wild (NOR's) Chinook
N=6,533 N=2,844
White Jacks
River 67
Hatchery 2%
1,967 Wild
30% (NOR)
2,844
44%
Acclimation
Ponds,
Adults
1,722 ,
2,777
26%
98%
Total number of Chinook captured in the USACE fish trap in 2007 Breakdown of adult and jack NOR’s (natural origin
cluding wild, acclimation and White River hatchery. return) captured in the USACE fish trap.
2007 Buckley Trap Acclimation Pond 2007 Buckley Trap Wild Chinook Age Composition
Returns N=1,721 N=563
Jacks 5 year old Jacks
48 4 12
3% 1% 2%
4 year old
173
31%
Adults 3 year old

1,674 374
97% 66%
2007 Breakdown of adult and jack acclimation pond chinook 2007 Age breakdown of wild adult and jack chinook captured
captured in the USACE fish trap. in the USACE fish trap.
NUMBER OF BULL TROUT TRANSPORTED NUMBER OF COHO TRANSPORTED
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0
1941 14
29
1999
18
1943 1,467
717
1945 1,003
3,811
1947 4,992
1,469
40
2000
1949 6,739
12,484

1951 3,623
7,500
1953 9,698
5,671
1955 1,961
31
2001
3,403
1957 2,094
2,031
1959 3,448
1,398
1961 1,098
1,992
41
2002
1963 1,429
4,090
1965 1,810
3,756
1967 2,506
1,639
1969 1,537
49
2003
1,688
1971 1,818
2,972
1973 796
YEAR
1,081

YEAR
1975 546
833
2008 data indicates the number of bull trout transported through July 31st.
37
2004
1977 1,090
493
1979 320
335
1981 1,237
522
1983 408
39
2005
403
1985 1,349
599
1987 1,746
3,231
1989 820
5,840
36
Adult Coho Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19412007)
2006
1991 4,558
1,264
1993 1,379
6,503
1995 2,733
Bull Trout Captured and Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19992008)
927
1997 7,988
47
2007
1,782
1999 1,065
21,591
2001 6,022
6,370
2003 16,476
14,341
11
2008
2005 13,894
8,420
2007 12,620
Page 9
2,500 Adult Steelhead Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19412008)
2,166
1,971
1,902
NUMBER OF STEELHEAD TRANSPORTED
2,000
1,662
1,381
1,364
1,304
1,500 1,298
1,234
1,211
1,155
1,122
1,031
1,021
960
912
906
896
1,000
828
822
726
691
683
683
638
624
535
524
482
477
476
460
458
447
437
435
433
405
381
373
368
369
367
351
500
347
328
326
286
280
279
276
274
264
260
253
249
228
220
205
203
192
183
183
162
162
156
152
136
0
1941
1943
1945
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
YEAR
The above graph details the number of steelhead transported above Mud Mountain Dam. Additional steelhead captured in the trap since
2006 were utilized as broodstock for the White River steelhead supplementation pilot project; bringing the total escapements for the past
three years to: 163 (2006), 303 (2007), and 207 (2008).
Adult Sockeye, Pink, and Chum Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19802007)
1,000,000
127,541
Sockeye Pink Chum
33,346
100,000
13,190
NUMBER OF ADULTS TRANSPORTED
10,000
1,000
378
223
137
114
63
59
100
43
41
39
39
39
28
21
21
20
19
16
16
15
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
10
5
YEAR

spring and summer for juvenile chinook, steelhead,
CANYON and cutthroat to feed on. Adult fluvial bull trout are
also known to forage in the smaller tributaries of
the lower Puyallup, including Canyon Creek.
CREEK Chum salmon are the only species observed
spawning in significant numbers from late Novem
ber through January. Adult coho are periodically
seen in the same reach as chum, but no surveys are
conducted for coho by the Puyallup Tribe given that
their escapement numbers are extremely low. Can
yon lacks any real habitat complexity such as LWD,
off channel habitat or variation in stream channel
type. The greater part of the lower reach of the
creek consists of a flat low gradient channel with
few hydraulic breaks. However, there are approx
imately 450 feet of suitable spawning habitat in
Canyon Creek, this section flows along Canyon road
upstream of Pioneer Way (left photo). Nonetheless,
this diminutive stretch has proven to be highly pro
ductive for chum over the past several seasons.
The channel gradient increases substantially
above the culvert crossing under Canyon Road. The
culvert itself doesn’t appear to be a hindrance to
chum, since they are often observed spawning on
the fine gravel within the culvert. However, the
steep gradient above the culvert does impede chum,
as no fish are observed above the culvert during the
peak of the run.
The main channel above the culvert (below) has
C
anyon creek is a small tributary within the
been engineered with the placement of log weirs to
larger 12.1 mi2 Clear Creek Basin (10.0022).
retain gravel. They appear to be only moderately
The Clear Creek Basin drains the plateaus
effective because the amount of fines in the entire
and flatlands running along the southern valley of
reach is excessive. Downstream of Pioneer, the
the lower Puyallup River, just west of the city of
channel substrate consists of fine sand and extreme
Puyallup. Canyon Creek doesn’t appear on the hy
ly compacted small gravel. Storm and ground water
drology of most common mapping systems, includ
runoff along the East side of Canyon Road flows into
ing USGS Quads. Furthermore, it is not listed in
Canyon Creek next to
the WRIA catalog of streams for area 10 and has not
the downstream end of
been assigned a designated WRIA number.
the culvert. Large num
Little stream complexity exists within Canyon
bers of chum are often
Creek, and seasonal flows are rarely, if ever, ade
drawn up this small
quate to allow access for adult chinook or steelhead
drainage channel during
to spawn. However, it is highly likely that juveniles
high water events, only
from adult spawners in Clear and Swan Creeks util
to be stranded in thick
ize Canyon Creek, especially for foraging and over
deep mud and sediment
wintering. There is often an abundance of chum fry
when the instream flow
during the spring, as well as coho fry throughout
diminishes.
45 2007 Canyon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE
DEAD
40
35
30
NUMBER OBSERVED
25
20
15
10
0
11/29/07 12/6/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08
DATE SURVEYED
600 Canyon Creek Chum Salmon Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)

LIVE
488
DEAD
500
393
391
400
343
335
NUMBER OBSERVED
292
280
300
172
200
99
100
66
59
46
43
21
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

downstream of the McCutcheon road culvert. The

CANYONFALLS rock was distributed along an approximately 0.2
mile stretch of the creek. The rock was deposited
CREEK 10.0410 as a result of a settlement agreement between the

Puyallup Tribe and Fennel Resources which has a
gravel mining operation located on Fennel Creek.
Nearly all spawning activity observed occurs within
this short 0.2 mile stretch of the creek. Below this
point the substrate consists primarily of fines,
which is more typical for this stream type, but un
fortunately is unsuitable for spawning. The ripa
rian area is primarily alder and salmonberry. The
vegetation along the right bank is limited due to the
extremely close proximity of McCutcheon Rd. Ca
nyonfalls Creeks also benefits from small amounts
of woody debris inputs (left photo), as well as excel
lent coho habitat created from frequent beaver ac
tivity. Although in 2004, a beaver dam below the
survey reach prevented chinook from accessing the
upper section of Canyonfalls.
C
anyonfalls Creek is a small tributary enter
Chinook, coho and chum are the most prevalent
ing the Puyallup River at approximately RM
species observed spawning in the creek. Predomi
16.2, near the town of McMillin (north of
nantly coho juveniles and fry are present in the
Orting). Canyonfalls is primarily a spring fed
creek year round, and are often observed during
stream that has relatively consistent instream
adult spawning surveys (chum and pink migrate to
flows, even in late summer. Although the stream
marine waters soon after emerging from the gravel).
length is three mile, nearly all spawning activity for
In addition to these key species, pink salmon were
species common to the creek takes place below the
also observed in 2003, 2005 and 2007. In the past,
culvert under McCutcheon Rd. at RM 0.5. The gra
steelhead were documented spawning in the creek
dient quickly increases above the culvert, but there
on a consistent annual basis. Unfortunately, simi
are several pockets of usable spawning gravel just
lar to many streams within the Puyallup and White
upstream of the culvert. In 2003, a large cement
River Watershed, few live steelhead or signs of
box culvert replaced the old culvert under McCut
spawning activity have been observed over the past
cheon Road.
several years. Bull trout utilization within this
Approximately 400 feet upstream of the culvert,
spring fed drainage is unknown; however, adult bull
the creek rapidly climbs nearly 300 feet in elevation
trout have been caught by sport anglers in the
to where it’s discharged from a privately owned hat
Puyallup River near the confluence with Canyon
chery (Trout Lodge). The creek is diverted to meet
falls. Spawning activity by bull trout has not been
the needs of raising trout for planting in regional
documented,
lakes. Above the hatchery the creek continues to
yet Canyonfalls
climb through a forested area.
does offer excel
As mentioned, the lower anadromous reach of
lent foraging
the creek extends downstream of McCutcheon road;
and overwinter
the substrate is a combination of sand and gravel
ing opportuni
within a low gradient poolrifle channel. In the
ties for all spe
summer of 2002, 220 cubic yards of 1 to 3 inch
cies including
spawning quality drain rock was deposited directly
bull trout.
Canyonfalls Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19972007)

10
LIVE
9
DEAD
8 REDDS
7
7
6 6
NUMBER OBSERVED
4 4 4
4
3 3
3
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1
1
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
100 Canyonfalls Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)
LIVE
90
DEAD
80
69
70
65
NUMBER OBSERVED
60
50
40
30
30 28
20 16
10
1
0
2001 2003 2005 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

60 2007 Canyonfalls Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
DEAD
50
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
30
20
10
0
9/27/07 10/5/07 10/22/07 10/30/07 11/6/07 11/13/07 11/20/07 11/27/07 12/7/07 12/17/07
DATE SURVEYED
80 Canyonfalls Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)
LIVE
70
DEAD
60
56
50
46
NUMBER OBSERVED
44
39
40
35 36
30 28 28
20
12
10 9 9
10 7
6 5 5
1
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Canyonfalls Creek coho graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

2007 Canyonfalls Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
160
LIVE
140
DEAD
120
NUMBER OBSERVED
100
80
60
40
20
0
11/27/07 12/7/078 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/4/08 1/10/08 1/17/08 1/24/08
DATE SURVEYED
1,200 Canyonfalls Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)
LIVE
981
1,000
DEAD
800
NUMBER OBSERVED
632
600 557
407 398
400
327
289 289
246 232
200 178
96 108
69
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Canyonfalls Creek chum graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

improved fish habitat and increase the flood basin
CARBON within this drainage. Currently, the lower river

channel varies considerably in width, but averages
approximately 300 ft. The resulting channel is only
RIVER 10.0413 moderately diverse with a pool riffle character.
Spawning gravel exists in limited quantities and is
utilized by all species of salmonids present, al
though not in the numbers observed in the upper
reaches. From RM 3.0 to the mouth of South Prai
rie Creek at RM 6.0, the river is constrained by a
levee along the south bank. Large natural bluffs
hold the Carbon along its northern bank allowing
the river to migrate over a channel of up to 0.5 miles
wide. This reach contains multiple channels and
many woody debris jams throughout its length. The
spawning and rearing habitat is more improved
throughout this reach and the highest spawning
densities of all species are observed along this
stretch of river.
The reach above South Prairie Creek, from RM
6.0 to 8.5, is again constrained by both levees and
bluffs on the north side. This reach has a slightly
higher gradient than the lower river and as a result
The lower Carbon River (photo 1).
contains less spawning habitat. There are portions
T
he Carbon River is a major tributary of the that are utilized by chinook and steelhead, but not
Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at RM in the densities observed in the reach above Voight
17.9; just north of the city of Orting. The Creek (RM 4.0). Above RM 8.5, the Carbon River
Carbon River and its associated tributaries provide flows through a narrow canyon for several miles be
excellent spawning and rearing opportunities for fore becoming unconstrained below the Mt. Rainier
salmon, steelhead, and bull trout. In the past,
National Park boundary. This canyon reach sup
steelhead have been documented as high as the Mt. ports chinook and steelhead spawning, however,
Rainier National Park boundary. However, the ma chum and
jority of spawning for all species within this drai
pink sal
nage, with the exception of bull trout, occurs in mon have
South Prairie Creek and the lower 11 miles of the not been
mainstem Carbon. The lower 3 miles of the Carbon
observed
River are constrained by earthen levees. Failures above RM
along this levee system during the November 2006 8.0
The upper Carbon River (photo 2)
flood event The
reinforces Mt. Raini
the need
er National
for levee Park
The Carbon glacier (photo 3)
setbacks, boundary is located at RM 23 (lower left photo).
which
From the park boundary, up to approximately RM
would help 26, the gradient remains low enough to provide
address the some spawning opportunities along channel mar
need for
gins and pool tailouts. Several small and moderate
debris jams occur throughout this reach. Above imately RM 6.7. Below this point, to the confluence,
this, the gradient gradually increases to the termi there exists many diked reaches and streamside res
nus of the Carbon glacier (previous page lower idential development is common. Much of the lower
right). There is less braiding in this section and the 6 miles flows through active agricultural land. Ald
substrate is considerably larger providing far fewer er and cottonwood are the most common streamside
spawning opportunities. tree species.
Several primary tributaries of the Carbon River Voight Creek is a tributary to the lower Carbon
providing critical habitat for fish include South River, entering the Carbon at RM 4.0. Voight is cur
Prairie Creek, Voight Creek, Ranger and Ipsut rently only surveyed for steelhead due to the pres
Creeks. South Prairie Creek is the largest tributary ence of a state salmon hatchery at RM 0.5. There are
of the Carbon River, entering the Carbon near RM just less than 4 miles of anadromous habitat availa
6. South Prairie Creek is considered one of the most ble in Voight Creek, an impassable falls at RM 3.9
productive streams in the Puyallup/White River wa blocks any further upstream migration. Steelhead
tershed and is one of the index streams in the are often observed spawning throughout the entire
Puyallup watershed surveyed for chinook, pink and creek, right up to the falls. Unfortunately, steelhead
steelhead by the Washington Department of Fish escapement in Voight Creek has fallen dramatically
and Wildlife. Puyallup Tribe Fisheries staff surveys over the past few years. During higher autumn
the creek in winter for chum. From RM 0.0 to RM flows, coho, and occasionally chinook, easily bypass
12.6 the stream is poolriffle in character with many the hatchery and spawn throughout the entire creek
deep pools and a few higher gradient cascades. up to the falls. The stream channel varies in com
Spawning gravel is excellent and plentiful through plexity from wide, braided channels, to confined nar
out this stretch. Above river mile 12.6, the stream row gorges. Nearly the entire 3.9 miles below the
is higher gradient and moderately to extremely con falls contains excellent, although somewhat sporadic
fined within a deep canyon. Upstream migration is patches of gravel within a moderate gradient stream
blocked at approximately RM. 15 by a large bedrock channel. However, below the water intake for the
cascade. Spawning gravel becomes scarce in this state hatchery at RM 1.0 the gradient decreases, the
upper reach and many heavily scoured bedrock sec substrate size is more consistent although smaller
tions exist. and somewhat compacted. The riparian zone is a
Chinook spawning occurs primarily in the lower mix of 2nd growth conifer and deciduous trees.
8 miles, while coho show increased usage in the There is a moderate amount of small and medium
middle and upper sections of the anadromous reach. woody debris recruited, and minute amounts of LWD
Chum utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but have present, what little is present is generally quite old.
been observed well above RM 10. Steelhead utilize Ranger Creek is a small left bank tributary of
the entire stream below the falls with reduced usage the Upper Carbon River. Ranger is an excellent
in the canyon reach below the falls. salmonid stream in many ways; it has approximate
The riparian zone changes dramatically over the ly 0.5 miles of anadromous habitat and is located
15 miles of anadromous stream. The upper canyon entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The ri
reach flows through a commercial forest and parian zone consists of old growth cedar, fir and
streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir hemlock which contribute essential woody debris
and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas and diversity to the channel. The lower 0.4 miles
are generally wider than the state regulated mini are low gradient with several deep pools, small but
mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along plentiful gravel exists throughout the reach. Above
the canyon. From there to RM 6.0 the riparian zone 0.4 miles the gradient increases significantly.
is relatively intact, consisting of mature hardwoods Ipsut Creek is a moderate gradient left bank tri
with some fir. Occasional residential development butary to the Upper Carbon River. Ipsut is pristine
exists along this reach. Wilkeson Creek (10.0432), a in many ways; it has approximately 0.7 miles of
major tributary to South Prairie, enters at approx anadromous habitat and is located entirely within
Mt. Rainier National Park. The riparian zone con being made by the tribe and WDFW to increase and
sists of old growth cedar, fir and hemlock which con expand the survey coverage area in order to improve
tribute large amounts of woody debris and diversity escapement estimates. During the 2005, 2006, and
to the channel. There is a large falls located at ap 2008 steelhead survey season, WDFW biologists and
proximately RM 0.7, which is a barrier to any fur Puyallup Tribe fisheries staff increased the survey
ther upstream migration. Ipsut Creek campground coverage along the Carbon by making regular heli
is located along the lower stretch of the creek at RM copter surveys of the river from the NPS boundary
0.2. The Carbon River road bridge also crosses the at RM 23, to its confluence with the Puyallup River.
creek at the campground site.
Ipsut has been surveyed for chinook, coho,
head and bull trout,
yet no salmon or redds Carbon River Drainage
have been observed.
However, Ipsut does
host a population of
cutthroat trout, as do
many of the upper
butaries in the park.
Reasons for the
sence of anadromous
fish are likely related
to the stream’s location
high within the basin,
and the general lack of
suitable spawning
vel. Much of the
strate within the lower
fish accessible reach
consists of flat angular
stones. Bull trout
usage has been
mented by National
Park Service biologists.
Winter steelhead
stocks have been in se
rious decline for the
past several years.
Tribal and state
ries managers are
rently working on a
covery plan to improve
future steelhead
turns and hope to
plement this plan
in the next few years.
Continuing efforts are

4,000 Carbon River Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19912007)
LIVE
3,289
3,225
3,500
DEAD
2,865
2,707
3,000
2,625
2,513
2,509
2,498
2,226
2,500
2,149
2,123
NUMBER OBSERVED
1,868
2,000
1,503
1,234
1,500
1,124
1,091
1,044
944
899
855
849
811
1,000
660
647
624
599
565
541
483
305
500
260
217
125
14
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
60 Carbon River Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisins (19952008)
54
STEELHEAD REDDS
49
50
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
29
30
21
20
12
10 8 8
7
6
5 5
4
3
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR SURVEYED
The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey condition which prevented a regular full season of surveys.

The lower anadromous reach of Clarks is a low
CLARKS gradient springfed stream (Maplewood Springs)

with a poolriffle character. The surveyed reach of
the Clarks Creek (RM 3.4 to 3.7) provides abundant
CREEK 10.0027 spawning opportunities for all species; however, fur

ther upstream, fish migration is blocked by a dam
at RM 3.7. Consequently, the dam also prevents the
fluvial movement of gravel downstream to critical
spawning areas.
Salmonberry, maple, and alder dominate the
overstory riparian zone along much of the upper
surveyed reach. The remaining stream channel be
low the surveyed reach (RM 3.4) contains little gra
vel and the substrate consists of fine sand and mud,
subsequently, little or no spawning has been ob
served below this point. The Washington Depart
ment of Fish and Wildlife operates a fish hatchery
near the barrier dam on Clarks. The state operated
hatchery raises trout for stocking local lakes. Gra
vel was introduced into the channel from RM 3.5 to
larks Creek is an urban tributary of the low 3.7 in the fall of 1997 and again in the summer of
C er Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at 1999. In addition to gravel inputs, several log weirs
RM 5.8. The Clarks Creek Basin drains the have been placed above the interpretive bridge (left
plateaus and flatlands running along the southern photo) to aid in gravel retention. This has greatly
valley of the lower Puyallup River, just west of the enhances the spawning opportunities for chinook,
city of Puyallup. The basin drains a 13 mi2 area, pink, coho and chum salmon. Unfortunately, adult
with an average flow of nearly 60 cfs (Basin Gauge steelhead spawning activity has seldom been ob
#12102075). Clarks has several smaller tributaries, served in Clarks Creek since 1997. However, steel
including Diru and Rody Creeks; both of which are head are occasionally captured or observed in tribu
salmon bearing streams supporting chinook, coho, taries of Clarks.
chum, steelhead and bull trout. Woodland Creek Due to the limited amount of available spawning
and Meeker Ditch contribute additional flow. Sev habitat, increased spawning densities of chinook
eral salmonid species are known to utilize Clarks and chum have resulted in a high amount of redd
Creeks for spawning, rearing and foraging. These superimposition throughout this short reach. There
include ESA threatened chinook, steelhead and bull is often an abundance of chum fry during the spring
trout, as well as nonlisted species including coho, (pink fry during odd years), as well as coho and chi
pink, chum and cutthroat trout. Brown trout, a nook fry throughout spring and summer for cutth
nonnative species is also present in the basin. roat and juvenile chinook to feed on. Adult fluvial
Several of the fish and habitat limiting factors bull trout are also known to forage in the smaller
involved with Clarks include; channel confinement, tributaries of the lower Puyallup, including Clarks.
complete fish barriers, no offchannel habitat, flood The Puyallup tribe completed construction of a
ing and channel erosion, absent or deficient riparian fall chinook salmon hatchery on Clarks Creek (RM
cover, water quality (pH & bacteria), conveyance of 1.0) in the spring of 2004. The hatchery was con
storm water runoff, and the significant growth of structed in order to address several fish manage
elodea (Elodea canadensis). In addition, there is ment issues, one of which includes minimizing the
considerable development along the creek; primarily straying of adult fall chinook reared by the tribe.
rural residential.
450 2007 Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
400
DEAD
350
REDDS
300
NUMBER OBSERVED
250
200
150
100
50
0
9/13/07 9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/24/07
DATE SURVEYED
Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)

600
533
LIVE DEAD REDDS
500
400
NUMBER OBSERVED
319
289
300
191
200
145
137
131
116
109
103
103
101
100
96
93
87
78
78
100
74
63
59
58
53
50
50
46
42
38
35
34
34
30
27
22
18
16
12
11
11
10
10
10
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
Note: A high proportion of the chinook observed in 2007, were jacks.

120 Clarks Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)
107
LIVE
100 DEAD
82
80
NUMBER OBSERVED
60
46
43
40
27
26
24
24
22
20
14
11
9
8
8
7
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

400 2007 Clarks Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
350
DEAD
300
250
NUMBER OBSERVED
200
150
100
50
0
11/28/07 12/7/07 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08
DATE SURVEYED
3,000
Clarks Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19912007) LIVE
DEAD
2,433
2,500
2,067
2,000
1,552
NUMBER OBSERVED
1,500
1,207
1,174
1,040
936
866
864
1,000
794
675
633
628
544
531
528
479
466
411
403
390
374
352
352
500
311
255
254
246
237
215
198
163
136
97
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

Three of the acclimation ponds are used for reintro

CLARKS CREEK ducing fall chinook and coho into a 30mile reach in
the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Dam. A
fish ladder was constructed and completed in fall of
Puyallup Tribal 2000; for 97 years prior to the completion of the fish
ladder the Electron Diversion Dam had been an
Salmon Hatchery anadromous barrier. Four other acclimation ponds
are located in the Upper White River drainage.
These ponds are used for reintroducing White River
spring chinook back into their endemic range. All
ponds have approximately 10,000 cubic feet of rear
ing space and between 1 to 3 cubic feet per second
flow. A new 35,000 cu. ft. spring chinook acclima
tion pond was completed in the summer of 2007
near George Creek. Capable of holding over
500,000 spring chinook, the construction of the ac
T
he Puyallup Tribe of Indians Clarks Creek
climation pond was funded by the City of Tacoma as
Salmon Hatchery is located at RM 1 on
a result of a mitigation settlement
Clarks Creek (10.0027), a tributary to the
The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re
Puyallup River. The Clarks Creek hatchery (below)
build depressed chinook stocks and remove them
was constructed in order to address several fish
from ESA listing. Using acclimation ponds, limiting
management, and water supply issues including;
harvest, and making substantial gains in habitat
minimizing the straying of adult fall chinook reared
restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this
by the tribe; providing space for rearing and accli
task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both in
mating White River spring chinook, chum and win
ter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup,
ter steelhead if necessary; creating an independent
and harvest cutbacks have already been initiated.
and self sustaining fall and spring chinook program
Only the jumpstarting of chinook in habitat areas
for the tribe; as well as, providing a reliable water
devoid of fish has remained one of our biggest chal
supply to rear and expand fish production.
lenges. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in
Water is supplied from five vertical turbine
increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds.
pumps, each 20horsepower. Each pump has a flow
Hatchery rearing 200,000 fall chinook for release on
capacity of 1,600 gpm. Each pump is capable of
station and 200,000 for acclimation ponds in the
supplying one of four ponds with approximately 3.6
upper Puyallup River for a combined 6,857 pounds
cfs. Each of the four ponds has approximately
of fish. Historically, fall chinook have been reared
12,000+ cubic feet of water volume, two ponds are
since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and objec
concrete lined and designed to hold adult and juve
tives.
niles, while the other two are natural acclimation
Spring Chinook Hatchery Production
ponds.
The fiveacclimation ponds the Puyallup Tribe
In addition, the Puyallup Tribe operates seven
operates are satellite facilities to the White River
acclimation ponds in the Puyallup Watershed. Clarks Creek salmon hatchery

and Minter Creek Hatcheries spring chinook hat can begin (upper right). The troughs are 16 feet in
cheries. The acclimation ponds are located in the length with
upper White River watershed on the Clearwater a flow rate
River, Cripple Creek (currently non operational), of up to 25
two ponds on Huckleberry Creek, and the newly gpm. When
constructed Greenwater River pond near George the fish are
Creek. Production levels vary, but average around approx
400,000+ smolts; however, numbers of available imately
smolts fluctuates based on available brood stock. 500/lbs.,
They have a rearing capacity of approximately they are
837,000 zero age smolts (less than 1 year old). transferred
Raceway troughs
to one of the cement lined ponds.
Current Fall Chinook Hatchery Production Holding the chinook in the cement pond is only
In 2004, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart temporary until they are up to a large enough size,
ment began acclimating and releasing fall chinook usually sometime during late March to early April,
from the Clarks to be massed marked with an automated tagger
Creek facility, dis (lower right). The automated fish tagging trailer is
continuing all chi operated by the Northwest Indian Fisheries Com
nook releases from mission (NWIFC) out of Olympia. A proportion of
the Diru Creek hat the young chinook are implanted with a coded wire
chery. Adult and tag (CWT) and the adipose fin is removed. The re
jack chinook begin maining fish are all massed marked by removing
moving into the hat the adipose fin only. The markings and CWT’s will
chery holding pond be used to identify these chinook as hatchery origin
in September, and fish in the future when they return to the hatchery,
continue to arrive are caught by fisherman, or are observed on the
well into late Octo spawning
ber. Ripe (ready to grounds. The
spawn) adults are collected 23 times a week. Eggs CWT is in
and sperm, at a 1maleto1 female ratio, are mixed scribed with a
in a small bucket to induce fertilization (above). specific code
Once the eggs have been fertilized, they are placed that will identi
into an incubator tray until they hatch. In early fy the particu
2005, construction of a new incubation building was lar hatchery
completed at Clarks Creek. The incubation building where the fish
houses 32 incubator stack capable of holding up to was tagged. Automated fish taggers
77,000 chinook eggs, for a total capacity of approx Once tagged, the fish are planted in one of the two
imately 2.5 million eggs (lower left). Once fish are natural acclimation ponds. The young chinook are
ready to be fed regularly to increase their size until they are
moved from ready to be released into the creek in late May or
the incubators, early June.
they can be
place in one of
the 16 alumi
num raceway
troughs and
Egg incubators hand feeding
2007 Fall Chinook Return @ Clarks Creek Hatchery

250 Males
Females
Jacks
196
200
175
155
150
NUMBER OF CHINOOK
126
97
100
75
50
50
30 29 29 30
22
12 15 12 12
8
0 1
0
10Sep07 18Sep07 25Sep07 2Oct07 9Oct07 16Oct07 22Oct07
DATE
Diru Creek Chum Salmon Smolt Releases (19952008)
2,494,894
2,385,220
2,330,996
2,315,090
CHUM SMOLTS
2,135,125
1,927,970
1,774,280
1,763,137
1,738,599
NUMBER OF SMOLTS RELEASED
1,295,739
1,235,328
1,229,960
990,690
487,990
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED

riparian area is not intact, there are undercut banks
CLEAR and moderate amounts of instream cover. A high

density of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)
and other vegetation chokes approximately 300 feet
CREEK 10.0022 of the spawning channel every summer; effectively

trapping a significant amount of fine sediment
which covers the available spawning gravel by sev
eral inches.
An anadromous blockage in the form of a cement
diversion dam is located at RM 1.9 (top left), the
dam is in place to ensures pathogen free water for
hatchery raised rainbow trout at the Trout lodge
facility; a private trout farm located along Clear
Creek. Consequently, this also prevents the fluvial
movement of gravel downstream to critical spawn
ing areas. The reach above the dam is not surveyed;
however, suitable spawning habitat does exist and
C
lear Creek is a left bank tributary to the could be utilized if access were established. The
lower Puyallup River, joining with the draw off of water by the hatchery, specifically dur
Puyallup at RM 2.9. The Clear Creek Basin ing the summer and fall seasons, significantly re
(12.1 mi2) drains the plateaus and flatlands running duces the water throughout the bypass reach. The
along the southern valley of the lower Puyallup Riv bypass reach is the section of stream from the water
er, between the cities of Puyallup and Tacoma. intake for the hatchery, to its discharge point down
Clear Creek has three main tributaries which in stream. Chinook are often observed holding in a
clude; Swan Creek entering at RM 0.2 on the left large pool located at the hatchery discharge outlet.
bank, Squally Creek entering at RM 1.4 on the left Unfortunately, the low flows resulting from the hat
bank, Canyon Creek at RM 1.6, and an unnamed chery draw regularly prevent chinook from access
tributary entering at RM 3.05 on the right bank. ing the bypass reach where suitable spawning habi
Only Swan, Squally and Canyon Creeks tributaries tat is available.
are accessible to adult salmon. Late fall and winter flows are regularly sufficient
Several salmonid species are known to utilize for chum (right) to spawn each year in the 0.2 miles
Clear Creeks for spawning, rearing and foraging. of available habitat below the dam at RM 1.9. Adult
This includes ESA threatened chinook, steelhead steelhead and coho also utilize Clear Creek; howev
and bull trout, as well as nonlisted species includ er, escapement for theses two species is low.
ing coho, pink, chum and cutthroat trout. Some of The lower Puyallup tributaries often experience
the limiting factors involved with Clear Creek in an abundance of chum fry during the spring, as well
clude; low flows, channel confinement, an anadrom as coho fry throughout spring and summer for
ous barrier, lack of spawning habitat, aquatic nox cutthroat, steelhead,
ious weeds, flooding and channel erosion, con and juvenile chinook to
veyance of storm water runoff, water quality (dis feed on. Adult fluvial
solved oxygen & bacteria); as well as, absent or poor bull trout are also
riparian cover. known to forage in the
Clear Creek flows as a moderate gradient pool smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup, including
riffle stream above Pioneer Way before paralleling Clear Creek. Although bull trout spawning activity
the road for several hundred feet. The upper ana has not been documented, Clear Creek does offer
dromous reach contains good spawning gravel from excellent foraging and overwintering opportunities
RM 1.7 to 1.9. Although a significant section of the for bull trout and other salmonid species.

30 Clear Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)
LIVE
26
DEAD
25
REDDS
22
21
20
NUMBER OBSERVED
17
15 14
11 11
10
10 9
8 8 8 8
7
5
5
3
2
1 1
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
Clear Creek Chinook Run Timing (20022007) 2007

14 2006
2005
12 2004
2003
10 2002
NUMBER OF FISH OBSERVED
0
Aug 1525 Aug 26Sept 5 Sept 6Sept 15 Sept 16Sept 25 Sept 26Oct 5 Oct 6Oct 15 Oct 16Oct 25 Oct 26Nov 5
DATE

250 2007 Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
DEAD
200
NUMBER OBSERVED
150
100
50
0
11/8/07 11/20/07 11/29/07 12/6/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08
DATE SURVEYED
Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)

LIVE
1,200 1,088
DEAD
1,000
796
788
800
NUMBER OBSERVED
680
642
600
479
478
460
436
426
340
400
303
276
260
233
201
196
166
163
131
200
122
114
110
83
50
29
4
0
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

The substrate throughout much of the lower

CLEARWATER reach of the river consists of small cobbles and flat
angular stone, with smaller spawning size gravel
in the many of the lower gradient riffles and tail
RIVER 10.0080 outs. The riparian area is primarily second growth
conifer forest; however, recent clear cutting is evi
dent along several areas of the upper and lower
survey reach. The Clearwater River host several
tributaries; including, Falls, Mineral, Byron, Lyle,
Lilly, and Milky Creeks. There is some limited co
ho and pink spawning in both Byron and Mineral
Creeks. Mineral Creek is also the water source
used for the spring chinook acclimation pond lo
cated along the Clearwater River (see map on next
page).
Some of the habitat and fish limiting factors as
sociated with the Clearwater River include, water
quality issues, timber harvesting (heavier silt load
introduction) and channel confinement by logging
roads which continues to affected the rivers natural
morphology. Channel confinement has reduced the
adequacy of off channel habitat critical for adult
spawning, as well as overwintering for juvenile
chinook, steelhead and coho. In addition, low in
stream flows are often encountered during the late
T
he Clearwater River is a large tributary to
the Upper White River, draining an area of summer and early fall, often preventing chinook
nearly 40 mi2. The Clearwater is a non from advancing beyond the lower 1 or 2 miles of the
glacial river and originates on Bear Head Moun river to spawn. Chinook, pink and coho are often
tain, just west of the White River (south of Green seen holding in pools in the lower river for ex
water). From Bear Head Mountain, the river flows tended periods of time before increased flows allow
just over 10.5 miles to its confluence with the further upstream migration. Despite these short
White River at RM 35.3. The upper 5 miles of the comings, the Clearwater River continues to support
river runs through a steep narrow channel within a substantial number of chinook, coho, pink and
the Snoqualmie National Forest. The lower 5.5 steelhead spawners.
miles of the Clearwater, flows within a broader val It’s important to note that all adult salmon and
ley plain located within the privately owned White steelhead that
River tree farm (Hancock). spawn in the
Limited amounts of LWD are present in the Clearwater
lower channel, and much of what is present is un River were
dersized or hardwood in origin. There are a series captured at
of cascades just above Lyle Creek at approximately the USACE
RM 4.5; these cascades are considered a block to fish trap in
further upstream migration. However, much of the Buckley, and
spawning takes place in the lower 2 miles of the transported
above Mud Pink salmon carcasses along the bank.
river, although fish and redds are often observed
and documented in the upper reaches later in the Mountain dam. Since precise escapement numbers
season. for the upper White River drainage are known,
surveys are conducted to determine fish distribu 2002. Coho survey data is often incomplete be
tion and spawning success. This is especially im cause it’s often difficult to survey the river when
portant regarding spring chinook, since adult pro late autumn and winter flows increase. The first
duction monitoring is part of the White River pink salmon surveys were conducted beginning in
spring chinook recovery plan. Puyallup tribal fi 2003 and continued in 2005 and 2007 (bottom photo
sheries biologists survey the Clearwater annually on previous page). Prior to 2003 few or no pinks
for chinook, coho and pink salmon. Coho have been were captured at the Buckley trap. Biologists with
observed in the Clearwater since surveys began for WDFW, regularly survey the Clearwater for
chinook in 1991, but were not surveyed for until steelhead in the spring.
As part of the
Map of the Clearwater River spring chinook recov
ery plan, the Puyal
lup Tribe has operat
ed a spring chinook
acclimation pond lo
cated at RM 3.2 since
1995. Approximately
200,000 plus spring
chinook from the
Muckleshoot White
River hatchery are
transported to the
Clearwater pond in
early spring, and re
leased in late May.
All fish are mass
marked with left or
right ventral fin
clips. Odd brood
years are marked
with left ventral
clips, and even years
with right ventral
clips. These acclima
tion pond fish are
easily identified in
the future when
caught as adults or
jacks at the USACE
fish trap in Buckley,
and can be passed
above Mud Mountain
dam to spawn natu
rally.

100 2007 Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
90 LIVE
DEAD
80
REDDS
70
60
NUMBER OBSERVED
50
40
30
20
10
0
8/28/07 9/14/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/23/07
DATE SURVEYED
400 Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)
LIVE
350 DEAD
REDDS
278
300 274
272
231
250
222
NUMBER OBSERVED
200
145
140
150
125
125
121
99
87
100
80
78
78
76
73
72
70
61
60
53
47
43
50
33
31
30
29
29
27
26
25
20
19
18
18
17
7
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

180 Clearwater River Chinook Run Timing (20002007) 2007

2006
160 2005
2004
140 2003
2002
120 2001
NUMB ER OF FISH OBSERVED
2000
100
80
60
40
20
0
Aug 1525 Aug 26Sept 5 Sept 6Sept 15 Sept 16Sept 25 Sept 26Oct 5 Oct 6Oct 15 Oct 16Oct 25 Oct 26Nov 5
DATE
Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Carcass Sampling Results (20022007)

100
CARCASSES SAMPLED
90 CHINOOK WITH CODED WIRE TAG & ADIPOSE CLIP

(FALL/HATCHERY ORIGIN)
CHINOOK WITH ADIPOSE CLIP ONLY (HATCHERY ORIGIN)
80
WILD UNMARKED
ACCLIMATION POND (VENTRAL CLIP)

70
63
NUMBER OF CHINOOK
60 60
60
55
53
51
50 46
42
40 38
32
30
19
20
10
10 7 6 5 4 4
2 3 2 2
1 1
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

401,245
450,000 Clearwater River Juvenile Spring Chinook Acclimation Pond and River Plants
(19952008)
400,000
Acclimation Pond Plants River Plants
350,000
Number of Spring Chinook Released
300,000
247,891
237,900
237,800
226,500
217,000
207,870
250,000
199,000
198,800
166,550
200,000
149,980
120,393
150,000
72,600
100,000
32,300
50,000
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Approximately 200,000 plus spring chinook from the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Clearwater pond in
early spring, and then released in late May. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are
marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips.
120 Clearwater River Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19992008)
105
STEELHEAD REDDS
100
89
83
80 77
NUMBER OBSERVED
58
60 56
40
29
22
19
20
12
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SEASON SURVEYED
All survey data for Clearwater steelhead was collected by WDFW biologists.
0.5 mile section of the creek; consisting primarily of
COAL MINE private family homes, public and private roads, as

well as a rock quarry and public school. The creek
flows through a fish passable cement box culvert
CREEK 10.0432A approximately 0.15 miles up from the mouth, and a

second culvert near RM 0.6. When the fish passable
box culvert was installed under Railroad Avenue
several years ago (lower photo), some complexity
had been added to the creek via a small restoration
project which included the placement of sill logs,
root wads, boulders and small tree plantings along
the banks (top photo).
Spawning opportunities are reduced dramatical
ly downstream of the culvert crossing at Railroad
Ave. due to a narrow confined channel and lack of
suitable spawning gravel. Most of the substrate
through this section consists of fine silt, sand, and
exceedingly small patches of undersized gravel;
however, relatively abundant spawning gravel ex
ists above the culvert. Nevertheless, several silty
C
oal Mine Creek is a small tributary to Wilke
deposits exist throughout the entire surveyed sec
son Creek (10.0432), entering Wilkeson near
tion. The rock and gravel quarry site located near
RM 5.7 just south of the town of Wilkeson.
the creek is one of the suspected sources of the silt.
Wilkeson Creek in turn is a major tributary to
South Prairie Creek (10.0429). Coal Mine is one of
5 index streams in the Puyallup watershed that are
surveyed for coho by the Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife. State biologists use the coho es
capement from five “Index” tributaries (Coal Mine,
Spiketon, Fiske, Fennel and Canyonfalls Creeks) to
estimate the total escapement for the Puyallup Riv
er. Surveys of the creek have not documented adult
chinook or steelhead spawning in the stream. Low
instream seasonal flows in Wilkeson, as well as Coal
Mine, are likely the strongest limiting factor pre
venting these species from reaching the stream to
spawn. Although not consistent, chum are occasio
nally chum are seen spawning in Coal Mine in De
cember.
Coal Mine is a small order short run stream with
moderately low gradient; making it somewhat ideal
for coho and chum. Unfortunately, several portions
of the creek have inadequate riparian cover, little or
no instream woody debris, and minimal natural
bank protection, yet the creek does provide some
suitable spawning habitat for coho and chum. Mod
erate amounts of development exist along the lower

60 2007 Coal Mine Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE
DEAD
50
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
30
20
10
DATE SURVEYED
300 Coal Mine Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007) LIVE
DEAD
250
231
208
198 195
200
172
NUMBER OBSERVED
159
153
150 139
100 90
81
66
50 43 42
29
22
16 17
4 8
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Coal Mine Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.
(RM 41.7), like other tributary in the upper Puyal
DEER lup watershed, Deer Creek is part of the surplus

adult chinook and coho planting program. Deer
Creek is one of the few streams in late summer and
CREEK 10.0865 early fall with adequate water flow to plant adult
chinook. Surplus adult chinook from the WDFW
hatchery located on Voight Creek are planted in late
summer to early fall, and coho in late fall when
available. The Puyallup Tribe has been hauling
surplus adults from Voight Creek and planting
them in the upper watershed since1997, unfortu
nately no natural returns have been documented in
Deer Creek as a result of these efforts. However,
natural returns of adult coho have occurred in Ru
shingwater, Niesson and Kellog Creeks. Deer Creek
D
eer Creek is an upper Puyallup river tribu
tary (RM 45.7) located on the left bank ap is not surveyed with any regularity, but instead it is
proximately 0.6 miles below Swift Creek spot checked to see how successful the adult plants
(10.0697). Nearly the entire 6.5 miles of the Deer were. Adult steelhead and bull trout utilization is
creek drainage flows within the Mount baker unknown.
Snoqualmie national forest (see map). In the past,
forestry operations along the creek; primarily tim
ber harvesting and road construction, had impacted
Map of Deer Creek
portions of the stream. Deer Creek has three main
tributaries including Big Creek (10.0686) and two
unnamed tributaries.
Currently, a beneficial riparian buffer zone of
conifers and mixes deciduous trees exists along the
majority of the creek. The creek is confined by mod
erate to steep walls, with an impassable falls lo
cated at approximately RM 2.7. Spawning is not
very conducive upstream of RM 1.2 due to the sub
stantial increase in gradient, flow, and the lack of
suitable spawning substrate. The gradient along
the lower 1.2 miles is moderate with numerous deep
pools. The substrate throughout much of the
spawning reach consists
of small boulders, cob
ble and angular stone
(top photo); though,
several pockets of good
spawning medium are
often found along the
stream margins and
pool tailouts.
Deer Creek is lo
cated upstream of the
Electron diversion dam
Deer Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19972007)

160
150
150
MALE CHINOOK
140 FEMALE CHINOOK
120
NUMBER OF FISH PLANTED
100
93
80
56
60
47
37
40
24
23
14
20
13
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR PLANTED
1200 Deer Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19972007)

1080
MALE COHO
FEMALE COHO
951
1000
800
629
559
600
524
510
510
467
419
381
400
276
275
269
264
259
255
247
224
153
152
147
142
200
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR PLANTED

The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re
DIRU CREEK build depressed chinook stocks and remove them

from ESA listing. Using acclimation ponds, limit
ing harvest, and making substantial gains in habi
PUYALLUP TRIBAL tat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish
SALMON HATCHERY this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections
both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay
cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been
initiated. Only the jumpstarting of chinook in ha
bitat areas devoid of fish remains the largest chal
lenge. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in
increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds.
Hatchery rearing 200,000 fall chinook for release
on station and 200,000 for acclimation ponds in the
D
iru Creek Hatchery is located on Diru
upper Puyallup River for a combined 6,857 pounds
Creek (10.0029) a tributary to Clarks
of fish. Historically, fall chinook have been reared
Creek in Puyallup, Washington. Water is
since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and ob
supplied from two pumped wells (800 gpm) and
jectives.
gravity flow out of Diru Creek (200500 gpm). In
cubation consists of 20 vertical stacks of 12 trays.
Spring Chinook Hatchery Production
Initial rearing uses 16 shallow troughs in the hat
The threeacclimation ponds the Puyallup Tribe
chery building. Additional rearing containers in
operates are satellite facilities to the White River
clude four 50’x5’x5’ raceways, two 6696 cubic foot
and Minter Creek Hatcheries. Production levels
ponds (UP1 and UP2), and one 13,000 cubic foot
have been around 400,000 smolts; however, it fluc
pond (below, left) that are also used for holding re
tuates based on available brood stock. They have a
turning adults, as well as juveniles.
production capacity of 837,000 zero age smolts.
In addition, the Puyallup Tribe operates seven
acclimation ponds in the Puyallup Watershed.
Fall Coho Hatchery Production
Three of the acclimation ponds are used for rein
Currently, 200,000 coho yearlings are imprinted
troducing fall chinook and coho into a 30mile
and released in the Upper Puyallup Watershed.
reach in the Upper Puyallup River above Electron
Coho originate from Voight Creek Hatchery where
Dam. Electron Dam has been an anadromous bar
100,000 are
rier for 97 years. A fish ladder was constructed,
adipose clipped Chum salmon fry
and completed in fall of 2000. Three other acclima
and coded wire
tion ponds are located in the Upper White River
tagged. Fish
drainage. These ponds are used for reintroducing
are released at
White River spring chinook back into their endemic
20 fish per
range. All ponds have approximately 10,000 cubic
pound, for a
feet of rearing space and between 1 to 3 cubic feet
total biomass of
per second flow. A new 35,000 cu. ft. spring chi
10,000 pounds.
nook acclimation pond was completed in the sum
mer of 2007 near George Creek (right photo). Ca
Winter Chum
pable of holding over 500,000 spring chinook, the
Hatchery
construction of the acclimation pond was funded by
Production
the City of Tacoma as a result of a mitigation set
The Puyal
tlement.
lup Tribe cur
rently raises
1.5 to 2.3 millionchum smolts for release into the hand feeding can begin. The troughs are 16 feet in
lower Puyallup River. This program significantly length with a flow rate of up to 25 gpm. When the
augments a Tribal river fishery and All Citizen fish are approximately 500 to the pound, they are
purse seine fishery in East and West Pass in Puget transferred to
Sound. This stock originated initially from Cham one of the ce
ment lined
ponds. Holding
the chinook in
the cement
pond is only
temporary until
they are up to a Fall chinook
large enough size, usually in late April, to be
massed marked via an automated tagger. Once
tagged, the fish are planted in one of the two natu
ral acclimation ponds until they are released in
late May or early June.
White River Winter Steelhead

In 2006, the Puyallup Tribe in partnership with
WDFW and the Muckleshoot Tribe, began rearing
White River winter steelhead at the Diru Creek
hatchery facility (below right). Rearing young
steelhead is an integral part of the White River
winter steelhead pilot project, a program designed
to increase winter steelhead escapement in the
Chum spawning White River. Adult steelhead collected from the
USACE Juvenile White River winter steelhead
bers Creek. Puyallup Tribal Fisheries releases
fish trap
1000 to 3000 pounds annually based on available
in Buckley
brood stock returns to Diru Creek Hatchery. The
are
program was started in 1991 and has become self
spawned,
sustaining.
and the
fertilized eggs are incubated at the WDFW Voight
Current Fall Chinook Hatchery Production
Creek Hatchery. The young fry are transferred to
In 2004, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart
the Puyallup Tribe’s Diru Creek facility, were they
ment began acclimating and releasing fall chinook
are raised to approximately 17 fish per pound. In
from the Clarks Creek facility, thereby disconti
late February, the presmolts are transferred to the
nuing all chinook releases from the Diru Creek
Muckleshoot’s White River hatchery facility near
Hatchery. In early 2005, construction of a new in
Buckley to acclimate before being released into the
cubation building was completed at Clarks Creek.
White River.
The incubation building houses 32 incubator stack;
each stack is capable of holding up to 77,000 chi
nook eggs. This provides for a total capacity of ap
proximately 2.5 million eggs. Once fish are ready
to be moved from the incubators, they can be place
in one of the 16 aluminum racewaytroughs and

Diru Creek Chum Salmon Rack Return (20022007)

22,500
2002 20,635
20,000
2003
17,500 2004 17,680
2005
NUMBER OF ADULT CHUM
15,000
2006
12,500 2007 12,620
11,393
10,000
9,686
7,500
7,150
5,000
2,500
0
8Nov
15Nov
22Nov
29Nov
6Dec
13Dec
20Dec
27Dec
3Jan
10Jan
17Jan
24Jan
31Jan
DATE
Diru Creek Chum Salmon Smolt Releases (19952008) CHUM SMOLTS
2,494,894
2,385,220
2,330,996
2,315,090
2,135,125
1,927,970
1,774,280
1,763,137
1,738,599
NUMBER OF SMOLTS RELEASED
1,295,739
1,235,328
1,229,960
990,690
487,990
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED

Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Outplants (19952008)
1,008,200
DIRU 10.0029
COWSKULL 10.0680
HYLEBOS 10.0013
MOWICH 10.0624
771,350
WILKESON 10.0432
NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED
CLARKS 10.0027
RUSHINGWATER 10.0625
523,000
462,328
418,240
395,000
240,680
231,163
231,163
200,200
173,693
163,880
38,093 134,500
134,053
127,600
125,856
110,900
110,973
108,000
103,200
100,400
96,500
90,641
90,200
82,150
74,144
70,700
19,359
16,269
12,227
11,100
10,119
9,708
2,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED
Juvenile Spring Chinook Outplants from White River and Minter Creeks (19952008)
550,000
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253
514,000
496,700
CLEARWATER 10.0080
464,980
COWSKULL 10.0680
MOWICH 10.0624 401,245
NUMBER OF FISH CHINOOK PLANTED
CRIPPLE 10.0086
356,000
GREENWATER 10.0122
HUCK AERIAL 10.0253
254,550
247,891
243,000
237,900
237,800
226,500
223,740
218,631
217,450
217,000
201,536
199,000
198,800
189,720
185,798
182,440
175,650
170,850
166,550
149,980
145,900
135,990
121,460
104,760
99,800
99,800
99,736
93,804
86,950
82,450
72,600
71,450
68,000
55,750
37,346
33,516
32,300
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED

Voight Creek Fall Juvenile Coho Salmon Outplants (19982008)
149,970
COWSKULL 10.0680
RUSHINGWATER 10.0625
LAKE KAPOWSIN
104,500
104,500
101,400
100,450
100,350
99,400
96,790
93,000
93,000
84,000
71,980
60,100
55,053
39,935
34,850
20,100
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED
2008 Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Juvenile Fish Releases
SPECIES Chum
Biomass
DATE (F) Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) (pounds)
21Mar08 Puget Creek 12.0002A 50,000 1399.0 0.32 35.54 35.7
21Mar08 Diru Creek 10.0029 454,500 398.9 1.14 50.76 1,139.4
3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,125 379.0 1.20 51.62 200.9
3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,696 422.0 1.07 50.52 1,203.1
15Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,025 356.0 1.27 53.28 213.6
25Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,096 374.5 1.21 52.26 1,354.1
1May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 209,000 377.2 1.20 50.66 554.0
9May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 277,100 377.1 1.20 52.22 734.8
19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 198,500 470.8 0.96 49.20 421.6
19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 188,852 470.8 0.96 49.20 401.1
Totals: 2,544,894 4,700.7

SPECIES Fall Chinook
Biomass
DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) (pounds)
20May08 20May08 Hylebos Creek 10.0015 9,708 60.3 7.52 88.90 161.0
29May08 1Jun08 Clarks Creek 10.0027 157,000 47.8 10.33 100.80 3,284.5
22May08 29.May08 Cowskull 10.0680 96,500 68.6 6.61 85.06 1,406.7
Totals: 524,448 8,840.2

2008 Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Juvenile Fish Releases
SPECIES Spring Chinook

Biomass
29May08 2Jun08 Clearwater River AP 10.0080 217,000 70.0 6.48 85.00 3,100.0
14May08 15May08 Greenwater River AP 100122 R01 550,000 78.2 5.80 81.00 7,033.0
29May08 2Jun08 Huck Army AP 100253 H02 514,000 98.1 4.9 76.9 5,239.6
Totals: 1,281,000 15,372.6
SPECIES Coho
Biomass
3Mar08 3Mar08 Lake Kapowsin 10.0600 93,000 27.0 16.83 117.00 3,450.0
Totals: 93,000 3,450.0
TOTAL SALMON 4,443,342 32,363.5

limited number of mixed deciduous trees. Near RM
DISCOVERY 0.5 the creek turns sharply into the base of a small
valley ridge.
From 2005 Bull Trout
CREEK 2007, PTF biolo

gists have con
fficially uniden ducted extensive
O tified and un

named, this
radio telemetry
and redd surveys
small drainage has no along the upper
NPS designation and White River; fo
is referred to as Dis cusing heavily on the headwaters located within Mt.
covery Creek by PTF Rainier National Park. During the 2007 season,
staff. Discovery bull trout were observed spawning in Discovery
Creek is a small right Creek during mid September. Two of the bull trout
bank tributary to the observed spawning were part of the migration tele
upper White River; metry study (top right). Both fish were implanted
this diminutive creek with radio tags and released near Greenwater (RM
was discovered in 45) in late June, and were observed spawning to
2007 while conducting telemetry and spawning gether in the lower 75 feet of the creek.
ground surveys for bull trout, hence the name. As
with most of the headwater tributaries of the Map showing the location of Discovery Creek
White, the elevation of this creek is likely too
high for chinook, coho and pink salmon. Discov
ery Creek originates from an underground
spring at the base of a small ridge running pa
rallel to the White River access road. Discovery
Creek enters the White River just upstream of
Shaw Creek at approximately RM 69.5, and
provides 0.5 miles of exceptional habitat condi
tions for bull trout rearing and spawning.
The first 150 feet of the creek is low gradient
and flows within the active White River channel
(top photo). The habitat within this section
offers suitable spawning conditions for bull
trout. However, during the 2007 survey season,
a 23 foot jump in the creek channel, combined
with the low summer flow (approx. 23 cfs.)
prevented bull trout from migrating beyond this
point. The remaining 0.5 miles of the creek
meanders through the edge of the forested area
along the White River channel. The creek
channel gradient increases slightly, as well as
the stream complexity due to some small debris
jams and LWD input. The surrounding riparian
consists of primarily mature conifers with a

10 2007 Discovery Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
9 LIVE
DEAD
8
REDDS
6
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
9/12/07 9/18/07 9/20/07 9/26/07
DATE SURVEYED

spawning in the channel during the winter as
DOLLAR well.
The channel morphology of the lower reach
changes from year to year due to high water
CREEK 10.0412 events in the Puyallup River. The substrate

throughout the lower 500 feet consists mostly of
cobble and sand, but small patches of spawning
gravel exists. The riparian, mostly alder, exists
only along a single bank. Approximately 600 feet
up from the mouth, the channel heads away from
the Puyallup River and drains an old oxbow adja
cent to the dike.
Over the last several years the old oxbow has
been slowly filled in with landscaping and other
waste materials by private property owners. Pas
sage upstream, out of the Puyallup River channel
is questionable, and no adult fish have been ob
served above this point. However, extensive sur
veys are not conducted above the old river oxbow,
and it is possible that the upper reaches of Dollar
D
ollar Creek is a seasonal or intermittent Creek provide overwintering habitat for multiple
stream located on the lower Puyallup species of juvenile salmonids. Steelhead and bull
River at RM 17.7 near McMillin. The trout utilization is unknown.
surveyed reach of the creek channel, which often
becomes accessible to adults after the first freshet Dollar Creek
of the season, consists of approximately 500 feet.
This lower accessible reach is located within the
active Puyallup River channel (top photo) and is
dry from summer through mid fall, preventing
chinook from accessing and spawning in the
creek. Due to these seasonal low and intermit
tent flows, only chum are typically seen spawning
in the creek during the late fall and early winter
seasons when flow are generally higher. Howev
er, it is not uncommon to observe a few coho

160 Dollar Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)
146
LIVE
140
DEAD
120 113
100
NUMBER OBSERVED
84
80
63
60
45
40 34
23 21
18 18
20 14
2 2 4
1 1 1
0
1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

and bull trout, coho,

ELECTRON steelhead, cutthroat and
rainbow trout are
verted down the flume
FISH BYPASS and into the fore bay an
nually. Many of the ju
venile fish diverted into
FACILITY the fore bay are drawn to
the penstocks (intake) of
the powerhouse, and are
PUGET SOUND ENERGY subsequently destroyed.
PUYALLUP RIVER Adults are too large to Fish bypass trap
pass through the penstock screens.
DIVERSION In 2001, PSE completed construction on a fish
bypass facility to help address the fish losses in the
fore bay. Even after the fish trap went online, chi
nook and coho losses have continued to range be
tween 6080%; with coho rates being slightly higher
than chinook. Continuing efforts are being made
by the tribe and PSE to reduce these losses.
Upon entering the forebay, water flow is di
verted towards the fish trap by large steel plates
suspended by buoys. An exclusionary guide net is
also in place across the fore bay during the annual
smolt migration period. Many of the smolts caught
during this period are fish that have escaped from
holding ponds above the diversion dam. These ef
Forebay (background) and the fish bypass trapping facility
forts are made to
P
uget Sound Energy’s (PSE) Electron Hydroe direct the fish into
lectric facility utilizes water diverted from the trap where
the Puyallup River at RM 41.7 (bottom pho they are crowded
to). The diverted water is channeled 10.1 miles into a hopper, and
through a flume and settling pond before collecting then deposited into
into a small reservoir, or forebay (upper left photo). a large holding
The water held in the forebay is used to generate tank (right center).
power via four turbines located in the power house Fish are dipnetted from the holding tank and
approximately 800 feet below the fore bay. Thou placed into a smaller container and anesthetized,
sands of salmonids including threatened chinook identified and measured. Finally, fish are placed
into a water trailer for
transport down to the
powerhouse where they
are released back into
the Puyallup River at
RM 31.4.
Electron fish ladder, diversion

dam and headworks.
Average Fork Length (mm) of Chinook and Coho Captured at the Electron Fish Bypass Facility (2007)
250
CHIN (U)
200 CHIN 0 (M)
COHO 0 (U)
COHO 1+ (U)
FORK LENGTH (mm)
150
COHO 1+ (M)
100
50
0
January February March April May June July August September October November
MONTH
Number of Chinook and Coho Captured at the Electron Fish Bypass facility (19992007)
45,000
39,724 1999 2000 2001

40,000
35,000
2002 2003 2004
2005 2006 2007
30,000
NUMBER OF FISH
25,000
14,805
14,805
20,000
12,743
15,000
9,560
9,386
7,660
6,137
5,587
10,000
4,922
3,928
3,841
3,334
3,192
3,126
2,792
2,628
2,531
2,452
2,116
1,622
1,401
1,413
1,350
1,144
1,123
1,029
1,064
5,000
897
786
587
580
306
268
223
177
86
45
64
10
13
21
25
3
9
1
1
2
4
0
3
0
CHIN (U) CHIN 0 (M) CHIN 1+ (M) COHO 0 (U) COHO 1+ (U) COHO 1+ (M)
SPECIES
Percentage of Juvenile and Smolt Salmon Captured
at the Electron Fish Bypass Facility 2007
COHO 0 (U)
48%
M: Marked Fish (fin clip), Hatchery Origin
CHIN 1+ (M)
< 1%
CHIN 0 (M) U: Unmarked Fish, Wild Origin
1%
CHIN (U)
<1 %
CUTTHROAT
0: Young of the Year
< 1%
COHO 1+ (U) 1+: 1 Year+ age Fish

8%
COHO 1+ (M)
42%

consists of a low gradient
FENNEL channel containing excel

lent, if somewhat unsta
ble spawning gravels and
CREEK 10.0406 with much lower

amounts of LWD and less
channel complexity then
what is found upstream.
Approximately 0.2 miles
upstream of the McCut
cheon bridge is a short
Fennel tributary
run spring fed tributary,
Fennel Tributary (right photo), which has excellent
spawning gravel and supports high densities of
chum salmon each year.
The upper reach of Fennel Creek is a complex,
moderate gradient, poolriffle/steppool stream flow
ing through a broad valley. Victor falls, at RM 1.9,
blocks any further upstream migration. The ripa
rian zone is well intact due to little or no agricultur
F
ennel Creek (Kelly Cr.) flows for nearly 8 al or residential land use development along most of
miles from its sources of wetlands and low the creek channel; the riparian zone consists of a
land lakes located on the plateau near Bon mature hardwood and conifer forest with a dense
ney Lake and HWY 410; to its eventual convergence understory of salmonberry and vine maple.
with the Puyallup River near Alderton at RM 15.5. Throughout the upper 1.5 mile section, abundant
With a drainage area of over 6.5 square miles, Fen LWD lies in and adjacent to the channel, as well as
nel only provides approximately 2 miles of ana several small in stream logjams. Spawning gravel
dromous usage due to a 100 foot falls (Victor Falls) is abundant and excellent throughout this reach, as
located at river mile 1.9. The anadromous reach are numerous deep resting pools for juvenile and
provides abundant suitable habitat for chinook, co adult migrants.
ho, pink, chum, and steelhead. Pink and chum sal Uniquely, Fennel Creek experiences an early
mon are undoubtedly the most prolific species to run of chum salmon each year; with fish often enter
spawn in the creek; unfortunately, steelhead es ing the creek in late October, nearly three weeks
capement has dropped precipitously over the past earlier than most lower Puyallup tributaries. Also
decade. Bull trout utilization in Fennel Creek is noteworthy, is the unprecedented number of chi
unknown. Other species present throughout Fennel nook adults observed spawning in the creek during
include cutthroat trout, sculpins, sticklebacks, and the 2007 season (lower left photo). Although carcass
lamprey. sampling showed that around 85% were of hatchery
The lowest reach of the creek (top left photo), ex origin, over 150 adult chinook were counted in the
tending from the creek; dwarfing the average seasonal count of 6
Chinook mouth to McCut (range 114).
cheon Rd. Bridge Coho and chum seasonal totals on the following
(0.3 miles), flows pages include both Fennel Creek, and Fennel tribu
primarily within tary data combined. For more information on Fen
the Puyallup River nel Creek, or if you would like to support preserva
flood plain. This tion efforts on the creek, go to www.fennelcreek.org.
section of the creek

120 2007 Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE
DEAD
REDDS
100
80
NUMBER OBSERVED
60
40
20
0
8/23/07 9/4/07 9/13/07 9/27/07 10/5/07 10/15/07 10/22/07
DATE SURVEYED
Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)
160 LIVE DEAD REDDS 153
140
124
120
NUMBER OBSERVED
100
80
60 53
40
21
20 14 13
8 9 8 9 10
6 4 5 4 4 5 4
1 3 3 2 2 2
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

120 Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Carcass Sampling ( 20032007)
CARCASSES SAMPLED 103
100 CHINOOK WITH CODED WIRE TAG & ADIPOSE

CLIP (FALL/HATCHERY ORIGIN)
CHINOOK WITH ADIPOSE CLIP ONLY (HATCHERY 86
ORIGIN)
80 WILD UNMARKED
NUMBER OF CHINOOK
ACCLIMATION POND (VENTRAL CLIP)
60
40
20 15
5 4
2 2 1 2 1 1 2
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SAMPLED
2007 Fennel Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
1,800 LIVE
DEAD
1,600
1,400
1,200
NUMBER OBSERVED
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
8/23/07 9/4/07 9/13/07 9/27/07 10/5/07 10/15/07 10/22/07 10/30/07
DATE SURVEYED

4,500 Fennel Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)
LIVE
4,000 DEAD
3,709
3,500 3,324
3,000
NUMBER OBSEREVED
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,273
1,000
772
644
500
197
92
14
0
2001 2003 2005 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Fennel Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
800
LIVE
700 DEAD
600
NUMBER OBSERVED
500
400
300
200
100
0
11/6/07 11/13/07 11/20/07 11/27/07 12/7/078 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/4/08 1/24/08
DATE SURVEYED
2007 Fennel Creek chum graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

2007 Fennel Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
250
LIVE
DEAD
200
NUMBER OBSERVED
150
100
50
0
11/13/07 11/20/07 11/27/07 12/7/078 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/4/08
DATE SURVEYED
2007 Fennel Tributary graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.
10,000 Fennel Creek and Fennel Trib Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons
(19982007)
9,000
8,975 LIVE
8,000 DEAD
7,000
5,308
5,253
6,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
4,911
4,537
4,501
4,472
4,292
5,000
3,867
3,571
4,000
2,655
2,381
3,000
1,759
1,199
2,000
972
914
874
859
658
478
1,000
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Fennel Creek and Fennel Tributary chum graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

2007 Fennel Tributary Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
60
LIVE
DEAD
50
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
30
20
10
0
10/5/07 10/15/07 10/22/07 10/30/07 11/6/07 11/13/07 11/20/07 11/27/07 12/7/07 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/4/08 1/24/08
DATE SURVEYED
Fennel Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007)

300 LIVE
275
DEAD
237
250
186
200
NUMBER OBSERVED
133
150
100
75
72
57
56
39
50
32
28
26
16
12
11
11
6
5
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Fennel Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

nearly 27 miles from the mouth, make is less than
FISKE ideal for chum. Bull trout are known to utilize the
mainstem river; however, it’s currently unknown
what bull trout utilization is; if any, within Fiske.
CREEK 10.0596 Fiske Creek is a small stream flowing just over 2

miles, with a small unnamed tributary entering its
right bank at RM 1.0. The upper headwaters reach
is primarily cascades/step pool, with a substrate
consisting primarily of large cobble and boulders.
The lower reach of the creek consists of a low to
moderate gradient poolriffle channel with heavy
riparian cover from the surrounding conifer and de
ciduous forest (lower right photo). Relatively abun
dant spawning gravel exists throughout most of the
stream, but is somewhat compacted in the lower
portion of the channel
There are several limiting factors affecting fish
and habitat within Fiske. The creek channel is con
fined due to natural channel cutting, steep banks and
ripraped banks. Along the road and within the
boundaries of private property, the channel is slightly
incised and lacks any real complexity such as wet
lands, offchannel habitat such as side channels, or
large woody debris. Moderate amounts of residential
and other land use development exist along the
creek; including private forest management. Land
use along the lower reach consists mostly of private
family residences and a county road (Brooks Road)
which often intersects the creek. In addition, water
is regularly diverted from the creek into a private
F
iske Creek is a small tributary to the Puyal
lup River, entering the Puyallup at approx pond on the lower reach. The creek passes through
imately RM 26.6. Fiske Creek, (fiske is a a couple of small, yet fish passable culverts, as well
Swedish word meaning fish) is one of 5 index as, a low narrow bridge located approximately 0.3
streams in the Puyallup watershed that is surveyed miles up from its mouth.
for coho by the Washington Department of Fish and Several years ago, some complexity had been
Wildlife. State biologists use the coho escapement added to the creek via a small restoration project
from five “index” tributaries (Coal Mine, Spiketon, which included the placement of small sill logs and
Fiske, Fennel and Canyonfalls Creeks) to estimate boulders (left
the total escapement for the Puyallup River. photo). How
Coho are the only species observed spawning ever, tre
within Fiske Creek in significant numbers, although mendous im
those numbers are relatively low (average 37, range provements
0141). In the past, steelhead and chum have been are possible
documented in the creek as well. Unfortunately, to stream
seasonal flows within Fiske Creek are often inade channel habi
quate to allow access for chinook or steelhead to tat and in
spawn, and the streams location in the watershed, stream flows.
25 2007 Fiske Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
DEAD
20
NUMBER OBSERVED
15
10
0
10/22/07 10/30/07 11/6/07 11/13/07 11/20/07 11/27/07 12/7/07 12/17/07 12/27/07
DATE SURVEYED
160 Fiske Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007)
LIVE
141
140
DEAD
120
100
NUMBER OBSERVED
80
61
60
40
40 33
29
25 25 23
20 16 15 16
12 10
3 5 5
2
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Fiske Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

spring 200,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and
FOX released from these ponds where 100,000 are adi

pose clipped and coded wire tagged
From its confluence with
CREEK 10.0608 the Puyallup River, to ap

proximately RM 0.3, Fox is a
low gradient poolriffle
stream flowing through a
moderately dense forested
area consisting mostly of ald
ers (top right). There is ab
undant spawning habitat;
coho, chum and steelhead redds have been observed
within this lower reach. Beyond this, from RM 0.3
to 0.5 the creek meanders through a grassy area
with little riparian cover and moderate amounts of
fine materials obscuring the gravelly substrate (cen
ter right). The channel is relatively narrow and in
cised, yet coho spawning is prolific throughout the
entire segment. This “middle reach” often has the
F
ox Creek joins the Puyallup River at RM highest spawning densities. Beyond RM 0.5, Fox
29.5. Fox Creek is primarily a coho stream, becomes a moderate
with fish likely ascending as far up as the gradient steppool/riffle
Kapowsin tree farm’s 6 Rd; however, the majority of stream with good pool
spawning occurs within the first mile of the creek. frequency and adequate
Fox Creek flows within the Kapowsin tree farm conifer and hardwood
(Hancock Forest Resource Group), where roads and riparian cover. There
timber harvesting have impacted several portions of are few mature conifers
the stream in the past. The most suitable spawning in this reach, although many young Grand firs have
habitat exists from the mouth up to the Road 1 been planted as a restoration effort.
Bridge. In addition to coho, chum and steelhead A substantial amount of beaver activity exists
spawning activity is occasionally, but rarely, ob throughout Fox Creek. Beaver dams, some up to six
served as well. feet in height (lower right), often completely block
Extensive sampling of coho carcasses for coded and prevent fish from migrating upstream. Dams
wire tags and fin clips (lower left photo), has re located along the lower mile of the creek are often
vealed a large percentage of the adult spawners in breached during the beginning of the coho season to
Fox are Voight allow fish access to the spawning habitat above.
Creek hatchery ori During more recent events, the lower part of Fox
gin fish. As juve Creek was overtaken by the Puyallup River during
niles, these fish the flood in No
were relocated from vember 2006; relo
Voight Creek hat cating the mouth of
chery to acclimation the creek approx
ponds in the upper imately 300 feet
Puyallup River upstream near the
(Cowskull and Ru old bridge (top left
Coho carcass sampling
shingwater). Each photo).
180 2007 Fox Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
160 DEAD
140
120
NUMBER OBSERVED
100
80
60
40
20
0
10/11/07 10/18/07 10/23/07 11/1/07 11/8/07 11/16/07 11/27/07 12/13/07
DATE SURVEYED
1,400 Fox Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)
1,230
LIVE
1,200
DEAD
1,054
1,000
745
NUMBER OBSERVED
732
800
721
540
600
461
429
382
378
355
400
304
151
200
112
104
67
49
44
39
21
18
17
9
7
2
1
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

500 Fox Creek Coho Run Timing (20012007)
2007
450
2006
400 2005
2004
350
2003
NUMBER OF COHO OBSERVED
2002
300
2001
250
200
150
100
50
0
Sept. 2030 Oct. 110 Oct. 1120 Oct. 2131 Nov. 110 Nov. 1120 Nov. 2130 Dec. 110 Dec. 1120 Dec. 2131
DATE
800 Fox Creek Coho Salmon Carcass Sampling Results (20022007)

721
700 CARCASSES SAMPLED
CARCASS WITH ADIPOSE FIN CLIP

600 AND CWT (HATCHERY ORIGIN)
540 CARCASS WITH ADIPOSE FIN CLIP
ONLY (HATCHERY ORIGIN)
NUMBER OF COHO CARCASSES
500
461 460 UNMARKED CARCASS (WILD)
400
302
300 277
240
203 195
200 173 183
90
100 66 68
44 42 49 49
18 21 28
2 1
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

water from Fryingpan Glacier. In addition to the
FRYINGPAN glacial influenced mainstem flow, there are several

smaller nonglacial tributaries contributing flow
along Fryingpan’s nearly 4.7 mile length.
CREEK 10.0369 The first 1.4 miles of the creek consists of a large
active braided channel that is low to moderate gra
dient (lower left photo). Several patches of excellent
spawning gravel are available throughout this lower
reach of the creek. Considerable amounts of LWD
are present in the channel, although a great deal of
it doesn’t interact with the stream during average
seasonal flows. Nevertheless, ample amounts of
LWD are embedded in the creek channel creating
beneficial fish habitat. In addition to spawning ha
bitat, numerous pools and side channels are located
throughout this lower reach; providing excellent
rearing habitat for juvenile fish. Wright Creek, a
right bank tributary located at RM 1.5, provides ad
ditional spawning habitat for bull trout; four redds
were observed in 2007 near the mouth.
F
ryingpan Creek is a moderate sized right
From approximately RM 1.4 to the falls, the
bank tributary to the Upper White River.
channel begins to narrow considerably due to the
This headwaters creek is surveyed for bull
confinement created by the steep upper valley walls
trout from late August through September. Unfor
(right photo). The channel assumes a steppool con
tunately, the creeks 3700’+ elevation is likely too
figuration from this point on. Throughout this final
high for chinook and coho. Steelhead surveys were
reach of fish usage, spawning opportunities are re
conducted in 2001 yet did not reveal any spawning
duced due to the in
activity. Steelhead are quite capable of ascending to
creased gradient,
these headwater streams to spawn; therefore, this
predominately larger
should not preclude the possibility of steelhead uti
substrate, and rapid
lization within this stream. Fryingpan does host a
flows encountered.
population of resident cutthroat and bull trout; pro
Bull trout have been
viding excellent rearing and spawning habitat for
documented ascend
these two species.
ing as far as the base
Fryingpan enters the White River north of Su
of the falls.
nrise road at approximately RM 70.5. Fryingpan
In 2006 and 2007,
provides approximately 1.7 miles of anadromous
Puyallup Tribal Fi
usage. A falls (top left photo) located at approx
sheries staff radio
imately RM 1.7 blocks any further upstream migra
tagged bull trout (9
tion. The creek is Upper Fryingpan Creek, just
fish in 2006/19 fish
almost entirely below the barrier falls.
in 2007) captured in
bordered by an
the USACE fish trap near Buckley. Subsequently, a
old growth con
few of these bull trout were tracked from their re
iferous forest and
lease site at RM 45 on the White River (near the
the water is
town of Greenwater) to Fryingpan Creek and its tri
cooled year round
butary Wright Creek. Spawning was observed in
Lower Fryingpan Creek by glacial melt
both creeks during the month of September.
Fryingpan Creek
10 2007 Fryingpan Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
9
LIVE
DEAD
8
REDDS
6
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
9/12/07 9/18/07 9/20/07 9/26/07
DATE SURVEYED

amount of recreational use, which has had its im

GREENWATER pact on fish and wildlife issues.
The Greenwater is a medium sized, low gradient
poolriffle stream with abundant high quality
RIVER 10.0122 spawning gravel. Much of the river flows through
U.S. Forest Service land and the riparian zone con
sists primarily of second growth conifers, and hard
woods. Forestry operations along the river, primari
ly timber harvesting and road construction, current
ly and in the past, impacted portions of the stream.
Only limited amounts of LWD exist in the channel,
and the average size reflects the surrounding young
forest and is therefore generally small in nature.
What large wood exists is usually quite old, yet is
located too far from the river channel.
The Greenwater is surveyed for both chinook and
steelhead by the Washington Department of Fish
and Wildlife, but not for coho. As with all upper
White River surveys; adult salmon and steelhead
that spawn in the Greenwater River were captured
at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported
above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escape
ment numbers for the upper White River drainage
are known, surveys are conducted to determine fish
distribution and spawning success. The Upper
T
he Greenwater River is a right bank tributary White Rivers’ coho escapement is derived from
to the upper mainstem White River. The counts made at the Army Corps of Engineers’ Buck
Greenwater originates in the Norse Peaks ley trap.
Wilderness area on Castle Mountain and flows wes In the spring of 2007, the Puyallup tribe trans
terly until it converges with the White River (RM ported 223,740 juvenile spring chinook from
46) near the small town of Greenwater. The WDFW’s Minter Creek facility, to the Greenwater
Greenwater basin drains an area over 73 square River. These fish were planted directly into the
miles with an average water discharge of 210 cfs creek since there was no acclimation pond available
(USGS gauge #12097500). Several significant tri on the Greenwater prior to 2007. To address this
butaries contribute flow along the Greenwater Riv issue, a new 35,000 cu. ft. spring chinook acclima
ers 21 mile course including; Pyramid, Lost, Maggie, tion pond was completed in the summer of 2007
Slide, and Twentyeight Mile Creeks. Historically, near George Creek (right photo). Capable of holding
the Greenwater River has supported ESA listed over 500,000 spring chinook (550,000 in 2008), the
spring chinook, and recently construction of the acclimation pond was funded by
the listed steelhead (2007 the City of Tacoma
ESA listing). In addition to as a result of a mi Greenwater acclimation pond
chinook and steelhead, the tigation settlement.

Greenwater supports large Design engineering
runs of pink and coho sal was funded by the
mon. Traditionally, the Pacific Coast Sal
Greenwater Basin has also mon Recovery
supported a substantial Fund (PCSRF).
140 2007 Greenwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
120 DEAD
REDDS
100
NUMBER OBSERVED
80
60
40
20
0
9/12/07 9/20/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/18/07
DATE SURVEYED
2007 Greenwater River chinook graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.
Greenwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)
600
559
LIVE
DEAD
500 REDDS
390
370
400
NUMBER OBSERVED
318
275
300
249
244
236
219
219
192
170
200
127
122
116
107
101
91
80
100
73
63
49
44
42
29
26
25
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Greenwater River chinook graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

Greenwater River Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20022008)

60
56
STEELHEAD REDDS
50
50
41
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
30
27
N N
24
o o
t t
20
S S
u u
r r
v v
10 e e
y y
e e
d d
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SEASON SURVEYED
2008 Greenwater River steelhead graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW. Steelhead surveys could not be
conducted in 2006 and 2008 due to unfavorable/unsafe stream conditions.

creating several logjams, as well as, free and fixed

HUCKLEBERRY channel spanning structures.
Since 1994, the Puyallup tribe has operated two
CREEK 10.0253 ponds used for acclimating spring chinook which

are planted in March, and released in May or early
June (lower left photo). The spring chinook plants
are an integral part of the White River spring
chinook recovery plan. The juvenile spring chinook
originated from the Muckleshoot White River
Hatchery and WDFW’s hatchery on Minter Creek.
Production levels have been around 400,000 smolts;
although, it fluctuates based on available brood
stock. They have a production capacity of 837,000
zero age smolts. Between 100,000 to 500,000+
H
uckleberry Creek is a tributary to the Up spring chinook from the WDFW Minter Creek and
per White River. The creek originates the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are
from the Huckleberry basin along the transported to the Huckleberry Creek acclimation
North Slope of Mt. Rainier and is nonglacial. The
ponds in early spring, and released in late spring.
creek flows through the National park and Sno
All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral
qualmie National Forest lands before meeting the
fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left
West Fork of the White at RM 53.1. The lower 0.5
ventral clips, and even years with right ventral
miles consists of a low gradient, occasionally
clips. These fish can later be identified when caught
braided channel with a large side channel complex
at the USACE fish trap in Buckley and passed
breaking off around RM 0.3. The surrounding ripa
rian is a mixture of conifers and deciduous trees. above the Mud Mountain dam to spawn. The water
The spawning gravel is excellent in the first half intake for the lower Huckleberry pond was
mile reach, which consistently supports the highest destroyed in the November 2006 flood event
densities of spring chinook, coho and pink spawners (repaired in summer of 2007); preventing fish from
each season. Steelhead usage has also been docu being planted in the lower pond in spring of 2007.
mented in Huckleberry; however, steelhead surveys As with all upper White River tributaries, adult
have not been conducted for several years. The salmon and steelhead that spawn in Huckleberry
gradient increases slightly From RM 0.5 to 1.5, but Creek were captured at the USACE fish trap in
the gravel quality remains excellent, although Buckley, then transported and released approx
slightly larger and patchy in nature. The riparian imately 4
corridor consists miles above
of old growth Mud Moun
conifers up tain Dam.
stream of the ac Since precise
climation pond at escapement
RM 0.5, offering numbers for
excellent LWD the upper
recruitment. In White River
drainage are Lower Huckleberry Creek
stream LWD is
moderate known, spawning surveys are conducted to deter
throughout the mine fish distribution and spawning success. This
Acclimation pond entire creek, is important regarding spring chinook, since adult
production monitoring is part of the recovery plan.
50 2007 Huckleberry Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
45
DEAD
40 REDDS
35
30
NUMBER OBSERVED
25
20
15
10
0
8/28/07 9/14/07 9/24/07 10/11/07 10/23/07
DATE SURVEYED
Upper White River surveys show distribution and timing. Actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.
500 Huckleberry Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)
450 437 LIVE

DEAD
400 REDDS
350
300
NUMBER OBSERVED
250
200
150
100 82 84 89
77
66 68
60
50 48
50 32 37 35 38 32 29 37
25 24
14 17
1 4 5 5
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

Huckleberry Creek Spring Chinook Acclimation Pond Plants (19952007)
514,000
496,700
Spring Chinook Planted in Lower Pond
464,980
Spring Chinook Planted in Upper Huck Aerial Pond
Direct Creek Plants
356,000
254,550
243,000
218,631
217,450
189,720
182,440
175,650
145,900
121,460
107,850
99,736
93,804
82,450
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED
Between 100,000 to 500,000+ spring chinook from the WDFW Minter Creek and the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are
transported to the Huckleberry Creek acclimation ponds in early spring, and released in late spring. All fish are mass marked
with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips.
These fish can later be identified when caught at the USACE fish trap in Buckley and passed above the Mud Mountain dam to
spawn. The water intake for the lower Huckleberry pond was destroyed in the November 2006 flood event; preventing fish from
being planted in the lower pond in 2007.

trout, as well as other native and nonnative species
HYLEBOS including sticklebacks, sculpins, lamprey and bass.

The stream section most often surveyed by the
Puyallup Tribe is the Lower Hylebos extending from
CREEK 10.0006 373rd St., upstream to the Montessori school at Hwy.

99 and downstream from 373rd to highway 99. The
convergence of the East and West forks marks the
upper extents of chinook spawning due low in
stream flows preventing chinook from migrating up
either fork. Currently, the majority of adult spawn
ing activity for all species occurs in the Lower Hyle
bos Creek. Higher instream flows experienced dur
ing the fall and winter often allow coho and chum to
access the upper reached of the Hylebos.
As part of the continuing fish and habitat resto
ration efforts, the Puyallup Tribe regularly released
between 10 and 20 thousand juvenile fall chinook
into Hylebos Creek during the spring (lower right).
Spawning surveys over time have identified these
fish on the spawning grounds as adults due to fin
H
ylebos Creek watershed is an large inde clips administered at the hatchery before release.
pendent drainage from the Puyallup/White In addition, the 27 acres above 373rd St., known as
River system. Draining an area of over 18 the Spring Valley Ranch, was purchased by the
square miles, the headwater of the Hylebos system Washington State Department of Transportation
originate in the city of Federal Way and flow south (WSDOT) in 2004. Restoration efforts for this site
west into the Hylebos Waterway; one of several wa were completed in 2007. The restoration project
terways located in Commencement Bay within the restored nearly a quarter mile of creek channel and
city of Tacoma. The East and West Forks of the Hy wetland habitat. The project will also establish a
lebos comprise two of the three basins comprised in riparian buffer zone comprised of native trees and
this system and make up the upper part of the wa plants. More recently, in 2008, the city of Federal
tershed. The East and West Forks converge just Way acquired the 22 acre Goldmax property. This
north of 373rd to form the Lower Hylebos. acquisition will preserve 1,200 feet of creek channel
The Hylebos watershed has been severely im and surrounding lands located on the West Fork of
pacted by urban development; the resulting land the Hylebos. For
uses over the past several decades has resulted in more information
extensive losses of estuarine and wetland habitats, about Hylebos
reduction of water quality (303(d) listed) and fish Creek, contact
production, as well as diminished instream flows Friends of the Hy
and stream channel continuity. Nevertheless, the lebos at
watershed does have protected areas, and substan www.hylebos.org
tial parcels of the creek and surrounding land have
been acquired in recent years for protection and res
toration.
Chinook, chum, coho, pink salmon and steelhead
have all been observed spawning within the sur
veyed area of Hylebos Creek. In addition, Hylebos
Creek also host a large population of cutthroat

25,000
Hylebos Creek Juvenile Fall Chinook Plants (20012008)
Fall Chinook
19,359
20,000
16,269
15,000
12,227
11,100
10,119
9,708
10,000
5,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR PLANTED

netpen acclimation project in Kapowsin Lake.
KAPOWSIN From 1993 to 1997, the Puyallup Tribe fisheries

staff transported juvenile coho from WDFW’s
Voight Creek hatchery to four netpens in Kapow
CREEK 10.0600 sin Lake to acclimate. Prior to this operation, few

or no coho were observed in Kapowsin or Ohop
Creeks.
There is suitable spawning gravel throughout
the 3.7 mile survey reach of Kapowsin, although
much of it is patchy in nature. An abundance of
downed trees within the channel along with sever
al sizable logjams creates complexity throughout
most of the stream. Cattle and other livestock have
been allowed access to the stream channel at ap
proximately RM 1.7. Homes and outbuilding are
present within 20 to 40 feet of the banks along the
K
apowsin Creek is a tannic stream originat creek between RM 0.5 and RM 2.0. Humanmade
ing from the north end of Kapowsin lake, rock structures, as well as sill logs, span the creek
which sits approximately 3.6 miles up and alter the channel along this stretch. During
stream from the creeks confluence with the Puyal the summer and fall
lup River. Kapowsin Creek sustains a whole host when water levels
of adult salmon species including; chinook, pink, are low, these struc
coho, steelhead and occasionally a few chum. Chi tures often cause
nook have not been observed beyond the top of Ka upstream migration
powsin Creek where it enters the lake. On the issues for adult
other hand, significant numbers of coho, and occa salmon. In addition
sionally a few steelhead move through Kapowsin to humanmade ob
Lake into Ohop Creek to spawn. Ohop Creek, stacles, the creek experiences frequent beaver ac
which enters the south end of the lake is technical tivity. Beaver dams which are often constructed
ly considered the continuation of Kapowsin creek. during the low summer flow regularly occlude the
Unfortunately, steelhead escapement in Kapow entire creek channel preventing upstream migra
sin is low, but has been rather consistent over the tion (center right). Most of the stream has a dense
past few years. However, this drop in escapement riparian zone consisting of firs, alders and salmon
is not uncommon; winter steelhead stocks in the berries.
Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The Pierce County completed construction of the new
precipitous decline within just the past few years Orville road bridge over the head of Kapowsin
has created serious concern among fisheries manag Creek in early 2006. In addition, the 2006 flood
ers. Factor(s) responsible for the decline in steel event destroyed portions of
head escapement are unknown, especially when the levee along Orville Rd.
other salmon species are experiencing relatively near Kapowsin Creek; al
good success. lowing the Puyallup to
To date, coho are the predominate species in the overtake the lower Kapow
creek. Recovered CWT data has shown that many sin Creek channel. This
of the coho spawning in Kapowsin are fish that resulted in the relocation
were released a couple of years earlier as juveniles of the mouth (right photo)
from the upper Puyallup acclimation ponds (Cows and a loss of approximate
kull and Rushingwater), or are descendants of the ly 900 feet of habitat.
2007 Kapowsin Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
14
LIVE
DEAD
12
REDDS
10
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
9/13/07 9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/23/07
DATE SURVEYED
60 Kapowsin Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)
LIVE
DEAD
50
REDDS
40 38 38
36
NUMBER OBSERVED
30
30 28
26 26
22
21
20 20 20
20 19
17 17 17
15 15
12 12
10 10 10
10 9 9
8 8
7 7
5 5
4 4 4 4
3
2 2 2 2
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

50 2007 Kapowsin Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
45 LIVE
DEAD
40
35
30
NUMBER OBSERVED
25
20
15
10
0
9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/23/07 11/8/07 11/15/07 11/28/07
DATE SURVEYED
2,500 Kapowsin Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)
LIVE
2,023
DEAD
2,000
1,500
NUMBER OBSERVED
1,000
521
498
491
446
446
442
410
368
500
319
210
153
138
125
121
115
110
99
77
62
55
46
33
31
29
22
21
18
11
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR SURVEYED

10 2008 Kapowsin Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts
LIVE
9
DEAD
REDDS
8
7
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
4/2/08 4/24/08 5/8/08 5/29/08
DATE SURVEYED
Kapowsin Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

20
STEELHEAD REDDS
18
16
14
12
NUMBER OBSERVED
11
10
9
8 8
8
6 6
6
5
4
4
3
2
2
1
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR SURVEYED

whereas steelhead activity is often observed as high
KELLOG as RM 2.1. Bull trout utilization is unknown; how

ever, it is suspected that they likely use the creek to
forage.
CREEK 10.0621 Upstream of the culvert, the creek assumes a

moderate to high gradient steppool composition un
suitable for larger adult spawners such as coho or
steelhead. Steelhead surveys are conducted from
the culvert, downstream to the mouth. From the
culvert at RM 2.5 downstream to RM 1.6, the creek
flows through a moderate gradient steppool/cascade
channel with patchy gravel (top left photo). Several
sections of the surrounding banks are comprised of
exposed compacted glacial debris; contributing both
fine and small course materials to the stream. Due
to timber harvesting, the riparian zone throughout
this reach consists of a thin mature 2nd growth con
ifer buffer on both sides. However, there is a signif
icant amount of windthrow in the channel asso
ciated with this insufficient buffer. Steelhead
K
ellog Creek is a headwater tributary of the
spawning activity is occasionally observed in this
Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at
segment; however, steelhead spawning consistently
approximately RM 39.7. Kellog is short
begins below RM 1.6. At this point, substantial flow
run stream with nearly three miles of accessible ha
from a left bank tributary and the reduction in gra
bitat; however, the anadromous spawning usage ex
dient create a more conducive spawning environ
tends approximately the first 2 miles of the creek.
ment.
At RM 2.5, Kellog passes through a culvert running
Below RM 1.5, the gradient relaxes and excellent
under the Mainline 2 Road within the 355,000acre
spawning gravel is consistently available all the
Kapowsin Tree Farm owned by Hancock (Hancock
way to the confluence with the Puyallup River. The
Timber Resource Group). Kellog Creek flows entire
majority of steelhead spawning activity is observed
ly within the Kapowsin tree farm where roads and
within this lower 1.5 miles. The RMZ is soundly
timber harvesting have impacted several portions of
intact along this lower reach as well. In addition to
the stream.
a few substantial debris jams, there are several
Kellog provides spawning and rearing habitat for
pieces of LWD present in the stream channel. The
adult; as well as juvenile steelhead and coho. Wild
gradient increases near RM 0.5 as the creek drops
steelhead have managed to maintain a small foo
down into the Puyallup River flood plain. A large,
thold in Kellog Creek over the past several decades
structurally complex section of the channel exists
due to the fact that Kellog Creek is downstream of
just below the PSE flume. This complex was
the Electron diversion dam. Flows over the past
created by historic amounts of course materials
century have often been high enough during late
moved during the 1996 flood event. Near the mouth
winter and spring; allowing steelhead access to tri
of Kellog, the channel initially drops into a side
butaries located downstream of the diversion dam
channel in the Puyallup River which is often dry.
at RM 41.7. Naturally returning coho were ob
Kellog then flows within the Puyallup River flood
served in Kellog Creek in 2004. These were the first
plain for approximately 0.10.5 miles before dump
natural spawners seen since adult and juvenile coho
ing into the active main river channel. Steelhead
plants began in the upper Puyallup basin in 1997.
spawning activity is often documented within this
Coho activity has been observed as high as RM 1.4,
fraction of the creek.
35 Kellog Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)
31 STEELHEAD REDDS
30
27
25
25
22
NUMBER OBSERVED
20
17
15
13
12 12
10 10 10 10
10
6
5
5
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SEASON SURVEYED
The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions which prevented a regular full season of surveys.

ing or rearing habitat giv
KLICKITAT en that they are located

well above the anadrom
ous barrier.
CREEK 10.0357 Klickitat provides ex

ceptional habitat condi
tions for bull trout (char)
and cutthroat rearing and
spawning. The first 0.3
miles is low gradient with Bull Trout
excellent spawning gravel
and significant amounts of inchannel LWD. Nu
merous deep pools and side channels provide excel
lent habitat for juvenile fish. A series of bedrock
falls and cascades at RM 0.3 blocks any further up
stream migration. Numerous surveys have been
conducted above the falls; however, no fish or redds
have been observed. Klickitat Creek has been sur
veyed since 1999, but no salmon or steelhead have
been seen spawning in the creek. Bull trout from
K
lickitat Creek is a small right bank headwa the mainstem White River are observed spawning
ter tributary of the White River. The creek in the creek early in the fall, and juvenile bull trout
is surveyed for bull trout from late August have been observed in the pools and lateral habitat
through early October. However, with the exception during these surveys. Dead bull trout observed dur
of steelhead, the creeks 3300’ elevation is likely too ing surveys appear to be prespawned mortalities
high for most salmon. In 2007, PTF biologist ob due to predation.
served pink salmon in Sunrise Creek which is lo During the 2002 through 2007 survey seasons,
cated just inside the National Park boundary (NPS bull trout floy tagged at the USACE trap in Buckley
stream designation W1300a), approximately 5 mile have been observed spawning in the creek. From
downstream of Klickitat. This is the highest point 20052007, PTF biologist have conducted extensive
on the White River that adult salmon have been do radio telemetry and redd surveys along the upper
cumented by the Puyallup Tribe since surveys have White River; focusing heavily on the headwaters
been conducted. located within Mt. Rainier National Park. During
Klickitat Creek is a phenomenal nonglacial the 2007 season, bull trout were observed spawning
stream, originating from Ghost Lake and surround in Klickitat Creek from early to late September.
ing runoff. Klickitat is a north facing stream flow Two of the bull trout observed spawning were part
ing entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park, and of the migration telemetry study. Both fish had
is the source of drinking water for the NPS White been implanted with radio tags and released near
River compound. Klickitat enters the White River Greenwater
north of Sunrise road at approximately RM 67.9. (RM 45) in
The creek is surrounded by old growth and the tem late June, and
perature is tempered by cold clean water year were observed
round; the only drawback being, there is only about spawning to
0.3 miles of anadromous usage. Three significant gether in Sep
unnamed tributaries add flow to Klickitat; unfortu tember just
nately, they do not contribute any beneficial spawn below the falls
(lower right).
12 2007 Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
10 DEAD
REDDS
8
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
8/24/07 9/6/07 9/12/07 9/18/07 9/20/07 9/26/07 10/12/07
DATE SURVEYED
20 Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20002007)
18
18 LIVE DEAD REDDS 17
16
14
14
12
NUMBER OBSERVED
12
11
10
10
9
8
7 7
6
6
5 5
4 4 4
4
3
2
2
1
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

16 Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Run Timing (20012007) 2007
2006
14 2005
2004
12 2003
NUMBER OF BULL TROUT OBSERVED
2002
10 2001
0
Sept 15 Sept 610 Sept 1115 Sept 1620 Sept 2125 Sept 2631
DATE
2007 Klickitat Creek Water Temperature (July 1 – October 3)

sists of small and large cobble; yet, good quality
LE DOUT patches of spawning gravels are frequent (lower

left). The channel habitat consists mostly of low
gradient pools and riffles. The creek contains a sub
CREEK 10.0620 stantial proportion of small and medium size woody

debris, and the surrounding riparian zone consists
mostly of alder and Douglas fir. Logging activities
occurred along the lower reach of Le Dout in the
past; however, there is currently a good RMZ along
the majority of the lower spawning reach of the
creek. A split in the channel at RM0.45 often
vents adult fish from
migrating further
upstream due an in
crease in the gra
dient along with a
reduction in flow
(center right). The
upper reach of the
creek is steep with impassable cascades. The 62 Rd.
L
e Dout Creek is a small tributary to the Up
Bridge crosses Le Dout Creek approximately 0.45
per Puyallup River, entering the mainstem
miles from its confluence with the Puyallup River.
river channel at RM 39.2. This small order
The mouth of Le Dout is located about 2.6 miles
stream drains a wetland area at just over 1,800 feet,
below the Electron diversion dam (lower right).
and flows northwest for approximately 2.5 miles be
Since the creek is downstream of the diversion dam,
fore meeting the Puyallup. Unfortunately, low flows
and river flows over the past century have often
(a major limiting factor) often prevent adult salmon
been high enough during late winter and spring to
from ascending past the first 0.45 miles. Le Dout is
prevent the mainstem channel of the Puyallup River
located within the 355,000acre Kapowsin tree farm
from being drawn dry, wild steelhead have managed
owned by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource
to maintain a small foothold in Le Dout Creek. De
Group), who purchased the property in 2005. Sev
spite generally low escapement numbers, steelhead
eral areas along the upper reach have undergone
surveys in Le Dout are conducted annually by the
several timber harvests over the past few years. Le
Puyallup Tribe. The winter steelhead stocks in the
Dout Creek supports an exceedingly limited number
Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The
of coho and steelhead spawners. The creek is often
precipitous decline
too shallow in late summer to allow chinook access
within just the past few
to spawn and bull trout
years has created se
utilization is unknown.
rious concern among
Le Dout is a stream
fisheries managers.
with moderate complexi
Factor(s) responsible
ty, and habitat that is
for the decline in steel
well suited for coho and
head escapement are
steelhead adult spawn
unknown, especially
ers, as well as juveniles.
when other salmon
To a large extent the
species are experienc
substrate present
ing relatively good suc
throughout Le Dout con
cess.
12 LeDout Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)
STEELHEAD REDDS
10
10
8 8
8
NUMBER OBSERVED
4
4
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SEASON SURVEYED

timber harvesting have impacted several portions of
MOWICH the stream. The upper survey reach of the creek is

mostly comprised of pools and glides, with fine and
medium sized substrate. Abundant instream
RIVER 10.0624 woody debris and a moderate to dense canopy cover

extend through most of this reach.
The North and South Mowich forks flow though
Mt. Rainier National Park and reach their
confluence at RM 7.5 to form the main stem Mowich
River. The upper 45 miles of the Mowich River
consist of steep and moderate gradients, with a
largely cobble and boulder substrate. There is little
spawning habitat available, yet some suitable
spawning conditions exists in the outlying side
channels below RM 7.5. The active channels of the
North and South Mowich are bordered by large
dense conifer forests and mixed deciduous trees.
From RM 6.5 to 3.1, the Mowich flows through
the Snoqualmie National Forest where the river is
comprised of more complex habitat. The gradient
T
he Mowich River converges with the Puyallup
River at RM 42.3, this is approximately 0.5 decreases along this reach, resulting in a more pool
miles above the Electron Diversion Dam. The riffle character where smaller spawning substrate is
glacial headwaters of the Mowich River originate deposited and resting pools are available for up
from the Edmunds, and the North and South stream migrants. The lower three mile of the river
Mowich glaciers on the west slope of Mt. Rainier. flows within the 355,000acre Kapowsin tree farm
Significant tributaries to the Mowich include; owned by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource
Group). Most of the lower three miles of the chan
Crater, Spray, Meadow and Rushingwater Creeks.
nel becomes confined and narrowed by the steepen
Meadow originates from Eunice Lake, deep within
ing valley walls. Fortunately, much of the channel
Mt. Rainier National Park and enters the Mowich at
retains its complexity and spawning opportunities
RM 3.9. The creek flows through a high gradient,
are abundant for both salmon and steelhead. Juve
frequently confined channel for most of its 4.6 mile
nile coho have been observed as high as RM 5.0,
length. Meadow Creek has one significant tributary,
whereas adult and juvenile char have been docu
Hayden Creek, at RM 2.5. However, the lower mile mented as high as RM 7.5. Of special note is the
of the creek has a low to moderate gradient, with a first docu
poolriffle character, abundant spawning gravel, mented spawn
LWD, and riparian cover along the entire channel. ing of naturally
Several pieces of LWD along with stable log jams returning chi
have created remarkable stream complexity nook in the
throughout the lower reach of the creek. Mowich River
Rushingwater Creek originates from the Golden in 97 years.
Lakes in Mt. Rainier National Park. Rushingwater Two females on
flows over 5 miles to its confluence with the Mowich separate redds
Upper Mowich River (#2)
River at RM 0.6. Most of Rushingwater flows were observed
within the Rainier Timber Kapowsin tree farm spawning in the lower reach (RM 1.0) on September
(Hancock Forest Management) where roads and 7, 2001.

With the completion of the Electron Fish Ladder ready been

(RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish itiated. Only the
passage was restored for the first time since 1904. jumpstarting of
Surplus chinook and coho salmon from Voight Creek chinook in habi
Hatchery have been planted in the Mowich River, tat areas devoid
and Rushingwater Creek for the past several years of fish is left.
in efforts to jump start the Upper Puyallup. One of Acclimation
two acclimation ponds used for reintroducing coho ponds are a
into a 30mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River is proven method in
Lower Mowich River (#4)
increasing fish
located just off the main channel of Rushingwater
numbers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rear
Creek at RM 0.6. The pond holds 14,000 cu. ft. of
ing 200,000 fall chinook for acclimation ponds in the
water with a flow rate of 13 cfs, currently 40,000 to
upper Puyallup River is a key component to restora
100,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and released
tion goals.
from Rushingwater annually. Coho yearlings
originate from Voight Creek Hatchery where they
are adipose clipped and coded wire
tagged. Fish are released at 20 fish
per pound, for a total biomass of
10,000 pounds. There is also a
natural acclimation pond on the
Mowich used for rearing fall
chinook, located at RM 0.1 (bottom
photo).
The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration
goal is to rebuild depressed chinook
stocks and remove them from ESA
listing. Historically, fall chinook
have been reared since 1980 with a
variety of stocks, goals, and objec
tives. Using acclimation ponds, li
miting harvest, and making sub
stantial gains in habitat restoration,
the tribe will be able to accomplish
this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow
reconnections both inter tidal and
upland, Commencement Bay clean
up, and harvest cutbacks have al
Acclimation pond (#3)

as significant
NIESSON LWD and debris

jams throughout
the 2.2 mile ana
CREEK 10.0622 dromous reach.

Niesson Creek
is surveyed con
sistently for
steelhead and
spot checked for coho. Steelhead have been observed
spawning as high as RM 2.2 near the abandoned 22
Rd. Naturally returning coho were observed for the
first time in 2002. The natural returns are a result
of live adult plantings (lower right photo) and juve
nile acclimation projects conducted by Puyallup Tri
bal Fisheries Department. Since 1998, the Puyallup
Tribe has been transporting live surplus adult coho
from the WDFW’s Voight Creek Hatchery; however,
no fish were planted in 2004 or 2007. Instead, natu
rally retuning adult coho were allowed to spawn
N
iesson Creek is a tributary to the Upper without intervention from hatchery planted coho.
Puyallup River. Originating from snowpack Future live plants may be reduced or eliminated
runoff and ground water, the creek runs based on the number of naturally returning spawn
northerly for approximately 5.3 miles before meet ers.
ing the Puyallup at RM 41.1. Anadromous usage Like Kellog and Le Dout Creeks, the mouth of
extents throughout the first 2.2 miles of the creek; Niesson Creek is located downstream of the Electron
supporting chinook (planted), coho and steelhead, Diversion Dam. Adult fish plant
beyond this the creek climbs steeply along the re Flows over the
maining 3.1 miles to its origins at just over 4,000 past century
feet. Niesson Creek is located within the 355,000 have often been
acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Han high enough dur
cock Timber Resource Group), who purchased the ing late winter
property in 2005. and spring to
The riparian zone consists of mixed conifers and prevent the
deciduous. Continuing timber harvesting activities mainstem chan
have reduced the riparian zone to the state required nel of the Puyallup River from being drawn dry. The
minimum along several higher winter/spring flows have allowed wild steel
extended segments of head to maintain a foothold in Niesson Creek. Un
the lower creek. fortunately, escapement in Niesson has decreased
Niesson is a complex significantly over the past several years. The winter
moderate sized stream steelhead stocks in the Puyallup basin have been
which varies between a declining since 1990. The precipitous decline within
poolriffle and forced just the past few years has created serious concern
poolriffle character. among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsible for
The creek and contains the decline in steelhead escapement are unknown,
excellent and frequent especially when other salmon species are experienc
spawning gravel, as well ing relatively good success.
Niesson Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19982007)

500
MALE COHO
455
450 FEMALE COHO
400
350
299
300
261
257
243
236
250
188
188
171
200
164
150
103
102
100
76
74
64
36
50
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR PLANTED
60 Niesson Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)
STEELHEAD REDDS
50 49 49
45
40
37
NUMBER OBSERVED
30 29
27
22 22
20
17
16
15
14
9
10
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR SURVEYED
The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions which prevented a regular full season of surveys.

tom left) which are often observed in the pools and
NO NAME lateral habitat during adult spawning surveys. In

addition, this reach of the creek is highly subjected
to the possibility of redd scouring of heavy silt depo
CREEK 10.0364 sition due to the influence of the mainstem White

River.
The next .12 miles flows through the edge of the
forested area along the White River channel. At
this point the channel gradient increases slightly, as
well as, adult spawning opportunities. Although the
substrate throughout this section is somewhat
sandy, several pockets of suitable spawning gravel
exist. Stream complexity increases due to some
small debris jams and limited LWD (top left photo).
The surrounding riparian consists of primarily alder
with some small to moderate sized Douglas fir and
cedar, even so, solar exposure is still high through
this portion of the creek.
The final quarter mile of anadromous usage con
tains the best habitat. The channel contains several
N
O Name is not the officially designated pieces of LWD and spawning gravels, in addition to
name for this stream, but it’s commonly re a heavy riparian zone consisting of fir and cedar. At
ferred to as No Name Creek by PTF staff approximately RM .71 the creek turns sharply and
(the NPS designation is W1400a). No Name is a climbs up the valley wall. At this point the stream
small south facing left bank headwater tributary of quickly develops into impassable cascades prevent
the White River; at nearly 3.5 miles in length, only ing any further upstream migration. Bull trout
the first 0.7 miles offers exceptional habitat condi have been observed spawning in the creek from late
tions for bull trout (char) rearing and spawning. summer through early fall, and juvenile bull trout
No Name is surveyed for bull trout from late August have been observed in the pools and lateral habitat
through early October; unfortunately, the creeks during these surveys.
3300’ elevation is likely too high for chinook, coho From 20052007, PTF biologist conducted exten
and pink salmon. No Name Creek, like Klickitat sive radio telemetry and redd surveys along the up
Creek, is pristine in many ways. Originating from per White River; focusing heavily on the headwaters
slopes of the Sourdough Mountains near Sunrise located within Mt. Rainier National Park. During
Park, it flows entirely within Mt. Rainier National the 2007 season, several bull trout were observed
Park. No Name Creek enters the White River north spawning in No
Adult spawning bull trout
of Sunrise Park Road at approximately RM 68.1. Name Creek
The first 0.34 miles of the creek is low gradient from early to late
and flows within the active White River channel. September. One
The habitat within this section is the least condu of the bull trout
cive to spawning due to a primarily sandy substrate; observed spawn
Juvenile bull trout however, pools ing was part of
and side chan the migration
nels provide telemetry study. This bull trout had been im
excellent habi planted with radio a tag and released near Green
tat for juvenile water (RM 45) in late June, and was observed
bull trout (bot spawning in the creek in late September (right).
10 2007 No Name Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
9
DEAD
8 REDDS
6
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
8/24/07 9/6/07 9/12/07 9/18/07 9/20/07 9/26/07 10/12/07
DATE SURVEYED
No Name Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20052007)

20
LIVE
DEAD
REDDS
15
13
NUMBER OBSERVED
11
10
9
8
5
5
1 1
0
2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

2007 No Name Creek Water Temperature (July 17 – October 3)

channel meanders
OHOP through a forest of cedar,

fir, alder and maple that
is fairly dense along
CREEK 10.0600 much of the lower reach

(RM 6.5 to 8). Several
side channels branch off
along this reach offering
additional spawning and
rearing habitat. High
water events often rees
tablish some significantly
long complex side channels located above RM 0.4.
These side channels are often utilized by coho. Cat
tle occasionally have access to the creek, but they
have had negligible impact.
The upper reaches of Ohop Creek extend well
into the 355,000acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by
Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group), who
purchased the property in 2005. Logging roads and
O
hop Creek is the main feeder steam to Lake timber harvesting have impacted several portions of
Kapowsin. Not to be mistaken for the Ohop the stream including; sedimentary inputs, wind
Creek which is a tributary of the Nisqually, throw, increased solar exposure, as well as confine
this Ohop Creek is considered a continuation of Ka ment and constriction of the stream channel.
powsin Creek; therefore it shares the same WRIA Coho are the only species surveyed for on a con
designation (10.0600). Continuing on nearly 8.5 sistent basis. Despite the 5 year coho net pen
miles beyond Lake Kapowsin, the creek currently project employed in Lake Kapowsin by the Puyallup
supports primarily coho (top photo). In addition to Tribe during the 90’s, and the surplus adult plants
coho, the creek likely continues to support a limited from Voight Creek; coho escapement has dropped
number of steelhead as well. precipitously in Ohop Creek, as well as Kapowsin
The lower 0.2 miles of Ohop Creek flows through Creek over the last several years. Steelhead sur
a narrow and incised wetland boundary at the south veys have been reduced to periodic spot checks dur
end of Lake Kapowsin. This initial stretch is non ing the spring since none have been observed for
condusive to spawning and is heavily vegetated several years. However, it’s likely that a small
(mostly reed canary grassPhalaris arundinacea), number of steelhead may continue to spawn in the
and is commonly the site of recurrent beaver activi creek above the survey area since they are observed
ty. From RM 6.5 to RM 7.0, the creek assumes a consistently in Kapowsin Creek.
low gradient poolriffle structure; containing excel The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup ba
lent spawning sin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous
gravel, as well decline within just the past few years has created
as several serious concern among fisheries managers. Fac
deep pools and tor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead es
moderate capement are unknown, especially when other sal
amounts of in mon species are experiencing relatively good suc
stream woody cess. Although documented in Kapowsin Creek,
debris (bottom chinook, chum and pink salmon have not been ob
left). The served in Ohop.
600 Ohop Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)
537
LIVE
488
500 DEAD
400
NUMBER OBSERVED
314
295
300
200
141
100
76
100
71
61
54
39
39
34
32
31
27
25
19
15
13
6
4
2
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR SURVEYED

blocked the north flowing channel in what is now
PUYALLUP downtown Auburn. The blockage forced the river to

avulse and find a new channel. This newly created
diversion sent nearly the entire White River flow
RIVER 10.0021 down through the Stuck River channel into the
Puyallup; more than doubling the size of the Puyal
lup River drainage. In 1915, a concrete structure
was constructed, thereby permanently diverting the
White River into the Puyallup.
The Puyallup River continues to flow west from
its confluence with the White until it reaches Com
mencement Bay in Tacoma. An extensive system of
levees, approximately 90 miles, was constructed
along the Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers be
ginning in the early through mid 20th century.
There are a significant number of large tributaries
that feed these mainstem rivers including the
Clearwater River, Greenwater River, Mowich River,
as well as, Huckleberry and South Prairie Creeks.
In addition to the White River, the Carbon River is
T
he Puyallup Watershed is identified as Wa
ter Resource Inventory Area 10 (WRIA 10) by also key tributary of the Puyallup River, entering
the Washington State Department of Ecolo the Puyallup at RM 17.9; just north of the city of
Orting. The Carbon River and its associated tribu
gy. The Puyallup River watershed provides over
1,300 linear river miles (RM) of drainage over an taries provide excellent spawning and rearing op
area greater than 1,000 square miles. The three portunities for salmon, steelhead, and bull trout. In
major river drainages include the Puyallup, White, the past, steelhead have been documented as high
and Carbon Rivers which flow almost entirely with as the Mt. Rainier National Park boundary. How
in Pierce County and part of South King County. ever, the majority of spawning for all species within
All three river systems originate from glaciers along this drainage, with the exception of bull trout, oc
the north and west slopes of Mt. Rainier, located curs in South Prairie Creek and the lower 11 miles
entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The Car of the mainstem Carbon.
bon and White Rivers converge with the Puyallup The mean annual flow of the Puyallup River over
River at RM 17.8 and RM 10.4 respectively. the first 86 year gauged history was 2,922 cfs. The
The White River is a significant tributary, with largest flood of record was 57,000 cfs and occurred
a drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup in December 1933. The majority of the large flood
River. However, the White and Puyallup drainages events have occurred in the months of November
are often viewed and managed as two distinct and and December in response to heavy rains on a sub
separate entities. This management approach is stantial snow pack. The minimum low flow defined
due in part because prior to 1906, the White River as the 90%exceedance level for the Puyallup was
did not flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo 1,156 cfs. Over the past two decades there has been
(1983) described that prior to 1906; the majority of a trend of decreasing low flows (Sumioka 2004).
the White River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. The Puyallup River at Puyallup flow gage
Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed (#12101500) was activated in 1915 and is located at
south to the Puyallup through the Stuck River RM 6.6.
channel. In November of 1906, a flood event mobi The systems glacial origin is responsible for the
lized a tremendous amount of wood debris that turbid conditions that are most noticeable during
warmer weather in late spring and summer. The
White, Carbon, and Puyallup Rivers carry a tre upstream of the Callistoga Bridge in the town of
mendous volume of bed load material which contri Orting. This new setback added over 55 acres to
butes to the dynamic nature of the system. The the floodplain within this reach.
high sediment loads are responsible for the braided From RM 25.5 to 30.8 the channel is only partial
channel morphology characteristic of broad valley ly contained by levees and there are several accessi
segments. This condition is most prevalent in the ble side channels. There is little spawning activity
upper reaches within and immediately outside the within this reach
National Park boundaries. due to the higher
Outside the Park boundaries, the rivers course gradient and result
through industrial forestlands including national ing increase in aver
forest but primarily private timber company owner age substrate size.
ship. Much of these forestlands have been har Upstream from Pu
vested at least once and in many cases twice. Lands get Sound Energy’s
in timber production are densely roaded with some Electron powerhouse
sections approaching six lineal miles per square at RM 30.8 the river
mile. Roads have contributed to many of their flows through a
trademark problems such as landslides, slope fail deep, narrow canyon
ures, altered hydrology, culvert and bridge projects (right photo). There
that can effect upstream migration, and of course are many small ver
Puyallup River gorge
high levels if sedimentation within effected drai tical drops and be
nages. drock cascades within this 6 mile canyon, all of
The lowest section of the Puyallup River, from which are passable to salmon and steelhead. There
the confluence with the White River at RM 10.4 to are frequent spawning opportunities in the tailouts
Commencement Bay is confined by levees and the of the many deep pools located within this reach.
habitat lacks complexity. The small amount of suit From the top of the canyon, to the diversion dam
able gravel present is often compacted and offers at RM 41.7, the river is moderately confined and
little spawning opportunity. Steelhead have been provides several high quality spawning opportuni
observed spawning just upstream from the White ties. The highest densities of steelhead spawning
River confluence; the lowest documented spawning in the Puyallup River occur within this reach. With
of any species in the river. the completion of the Electron Fish Ladder (RM
The river continues to be tightly confined by le 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish passage
vees on both sides with the expected lack of channel was restored for the first time since 1904. There are
complexity (top photo on previous page). These le approximately 26+ miles of usable habitat above the
vee constraints continue from the White River con diversion and surveys are conducted occasionally in
fluence to approximately RM 25, just south of the response to the Puyallup Tribes live surplus hauls
town of Orting. This reach is similar to the lower each fall.
Puyallup, but does support sporadic spawning by The Mowich River converges with the Puyallup
chum, chinook and steelhead during their respective River at RM 42.3, this is approximately 0.5 miles
seasons. Along Orville Rd., upstream of Orting, a above the Electron Diversion Dam. The glacial
levee setback project was completed in the summer headwaters of the Mowich River originate from the
of 1999. Approximately 2 miles of new levee was Edmunds, and the North and South Mowich glaci
built back from the original levee adding over a ers on the west slope of Mt. Rainier. Significant tri
hundred acres to the floodplain in this reach. Sev butaries to the Mowich include; Crater, Spray,
eral high water events later, many side channels Meadow and Rushingwater Creeks. Species docu
have formed and spawning gravel has been retained mented utilizing this basin include chinook, coho,
but only adult chum use has been documented. In cutthroat trout, and bull trout.
late 2006, a 6000 foot levee setback was completed
Trapping Gear and Operations

PUYALLUP RIVER The rotary screwtrap used in this study consists of
JUVENILE SALMONID a rotary cone suspended within a steel structure on
top of twin, 30foot pontoons. The opening of the
PRODUCTION ASSESSMENT
rotary cone is 5 feet in diameter, allowing for a
PROJECT 2007 sampling depth of 2.5 feet. The cone and livebox as
Written by:
sembly are attached to a steel frame and may be
Andrew Berger & Justin Paul raised or lowered by hand winches located at the
front and rear of the assembly.
Two fiveton bowmounted anchor winches with
3/8’’ steel cables were used to secure and adjust the
direction of the trap and keep it in the thalweg. The
cables were secured to trees on opposite banks. An
additional rear cable was secured to a tree on the
right bank along with an aluminum “stiffarm” to
further stabilize the trap. Four 55gallon containers
filled with water were secured on the deck at the
rear of the trap to compensate for the generation of
force at the front of the trap during operation.
The 5ft diameter rotary screw trap was installed
in the lower Puyallup River (RM 10.6) just above
the confluence with the White River. Trap opera
tion began on February 24th and continued 24 hours
a day, seven days a week until August 8th. The trap
I
n 2000, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart was checked for fish twice a day at dawn and dusk.
ment started the Puyallup River Smolt Produc In some instances, the trap was checked plus or mi
tion Assessment Project to estimate juvenile nus two hours of dusk or dawn due to the availabili
production of native salmonids, with an emphasis ty of personnel. During hatchery releases and high
on natural fall chinook salmon production and sur flow events, personnel remained onsite through the
vival of hatchery and acclimation pond chinook. night to clear the trap of debris and to keep fish
Since 2000, an E. G. Solutions’ 5ft diameter rotary from overcrowding.
screw trap located on the lower Puyallup at RM Revolutions per minute (rpm), water tempera
10.6, just upstream of the confluence with the White ture, secchi depth (cm), turbidity (NTU), weather
River, has been used to estimate juvenile produc conditions, and stream flow (cfs) were described for
tion. each completed trap check. A cross sectional area of
As more data becomes available, juvenile produc the river at the smolt trap was taken to monitor
tion estimates may provide baseline information al channel morphology at the site.
lowing managers to meet escapement objectives in
the watershed create a production potentialbased Goals and Objectives
management strategy and accurately forecast future The goal of this project is to report production esti
returns of hatchery and naturally produced adults. mates, characterize juvenile migration timing, de
In addition, a basin spawner/recruit analysis will scribe length distribution for all wild salmonid, out
indicate stock productivity, helping to determine the migrants and fulfill the objectives of the Puyallup
overall health of the watershed and evaluate the River fall chinook recovery plan.
contribution of enhancement projects. To reach these goals, this study will produce popula
tion estimates of outmigrating smolts, estimate
species specific migration timing, compare natural
versus hatchery production and run timing, analyze To request a full copy of the 2007 report, contact the
mean fork length of wild smolts and detail species Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Department.
composition of the sample population. The objectives
of this project are to: Summary of 2007 Results
* For the 2007 migration season production esti
1. Estimate juvenile production for all salmo mates were completed for Chinook, coho, and chum
nids in the Puyallup River and determine migrants.
freshwater survival for unmarked juvenile
chinook.
* Natural Chinook production was estimated at
12,257 migrants from a catch of 243 unmarked Chi
2. Estimate inriver mortality of hatchery and
nook. Outmigration occurred between February
acclimation pond chinook.
24th and August 8th.
3. Investigate physical factors such as, light

(day vs. night), flow and turbidity and their * Chum production was estimated at 66,638 mi
importance to trap efficiency. grants passing the trap in 2007 from a catch of
2,339 chum fry.
In this report for the 2007 smolt outmigration sea
son all stated objectives will be met for chinook sal * A total of 370 unmarked coho smolts were cap
mon. Nontarget species such as coho, pink, chum tured in the screw trap between March 2 nd and July
and steelhead will be addressed to a lesser extent. 25th. The production estimate for wild coho for the
2007 smolt trap season was 34,906.
Sampling Procedures
Smolts were anesthetized with MS222 (tricaine * 25 unmarked steelhead were caught in the smolt
methanesulfonate) for handling purposes and sub trap in 2007. No production estimates were com
sequently placed in a recovery bin of river water be pleted for steelhead migrants.
fore release back to the river. Juveniles were identi
fied as natural or hatchery origin as unmarked or
marked respectively. Fork length (mm) was meas
ured and recorded for unmarked fish. When possi
ble, 50 chum, 50 pinks, 50 age1+ coho, 25 age 0+ co
ho, 25 age 0+ chinook, and 25 steelhead were meas
ured per day. Scale samples were additionally tak
en on all wild steelhead smolts.
Species were separated by size/age class. Coho
were identified as fry, age 0+ (<70mm) or smolts,
age 1+ (>70mm). Chinook smolts were separated by
age 0+ (<150mm) or age 1+ (>150mm). All chum
and pinks were identified as age 0+. Trout fry age
0+ (<60mm) were not differentiated to species.
Hatchery origin fish were identified in three
ways: 1) by visual inspection for adipose fin clips, 2)
with a Northwest Marine Technology “wand” detec
tor used for coded wire tag detection, and 3) with a
Destron Fearing Portable Transceiver system for
Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged fish.

culvert under Pioneer Way; however, a 3 foot high
RODY stone barrier prevents fish passage above this point

(bottom left). Above the stone barrier, additional
habitat is available and could be utilized if the
CREEK 10.0028 blockage were removed. During the 2006 spawning

season, significant numbers of chum were observed
spawning in the reach upstream of Pioneer Way E.
In sharp contrast to the
reach below Pioneer Way
E., the upper reach of the
creek has the only intact
riparian zone which con
sists largely of alder.
Downstream, from Pio
neer Way E. to the mouth,
Rody flows through a chan
nel that is best described as
an incised and straightened drainage ditch (top
right). The habitat throughout most of the lower
half mile reach of Rody Creek is remarkably poor;
R
ody Creek, a tributary to Clarks Creek, is
much of the accessible channel has no suitable
part of the lower Puyallup River drainage
spawning gravel, and the riparian consist more or
system. Rody is approximately 1.6 miles in
less entirely of blackberry, turf grass, and reed ca
length; however, only the lower 0.6 miles is accessi
nary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). The reed canary
ble to adult spawners. Rody Creek can be located
grass can be overwhelming during some seasons;
just northeast of downtown Puyallup where the
often choking extended lengths of the channel and
creek passes under Pioneer Way E. through an un
trapping or preventing fish from migrating through.
dersized, yet typically fish passable culvert at RM
In addition, the grass traps and holds large
0.5. Rody has numerous deficits including but not
amounts of fine materials, consequently covering
limited to; a confined and straightened channel, in
the spawning substrate. The channel generally be
termittent or complete fish barriers, no offchannel
comes surveyable after the first freshet of the sea
habitat, flooding and channel erosion, absent or de
son. However, chum salmon are regularly observed
ficient riparian cover, and the infestation of reed
spawning in the
canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea).
stream when the
Rody Creek does however offer some suitable ha
channel clears.
bitat for coho and chum spawners, as well as over
Several chum
wintering juvenile coho. Adult fluvial bull trout are
spawn each season
known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the
in a section of avail
lower Puyallup; yet bull trout utilization in Rody is
able habitat just be Chum salmon
currently unknown. Insufficient flows prevent chi
low Pioneer (top left
nook from accessing
& lower right). An extremely high water event in
the creek in late
the January of 2006 redistributed a large quantity
summer.
of gravel throughout the channel for approximately
Approximately
300 feet below Pioneer Way. A half mile down
300400 feet of ana
stream of culver passage under Pioneer, Rody Creek
dromous usage is
passes under 66th and dumps into Clarks Creek, a
available above the
tributary of the Puyallup River.
25 2007 Rody Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
DEAD
20
NUMBER OBSERVED
15
10
0
11/29/07 12/6/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08
DATE SURVEYED
500 Rody Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007) LIVE
441
450 DEAD
400 326
350
300
NUMBER OBSERVED
250
200
155
150
94
81
100
73
43
39
32
31
50
27
20
19
8
4
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

Voight Creek Hatchery have been planted in Ru

RUSHINGWATER shingwater since 1997. Limited surveys were con
ducted in the past to
CREEK 10.0625 determine how suc

cessful the adult
plants were. Howev
er, no fish were
planted in 2004. In
stead, the first natu
rally retuning adult coho were allowed to spawn
without intrusion from hatchery planted coho. Fu
ture live plants may be reduced or eliminated based
on the number of naturally returning spawners.
R
ushingwater Creek originates from the Up Dividing this stream into four reaches, the lowest
per and Lower Golden Lakes located in Mt. reach covers the first mile of the creek. This initial
Rainier National Park. Rushingwater flows reach consists of a complex rifflepool system (top
over 5 miles from the lower lake to its confluence right) with considerably large substrate; consisting
with the Mowich River at RM 0.6. Approximately of large gravel, cobble and boulders. Several
the first 2 miles of the creek are anadromous. windblown trees, the result of poor RMZ manage
Downstream of the NPS boundary the creek flows ment, span the channel at RM 0.5. Abundant in
through the Mt. BakerSnoqualmie National Forest stream woody debris and a moderate to dense cano
before reaching private timber property. The lower py cover extend through most of this reach. Beaver
reach of Rushingwater flows within the 355,000 activity is frequent
acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Han throughout the upper
cock Timber Resource Group), who purchased the portion. Beyond this, in
property in 2005. Logging roads and timber har reach 2, the creek climbs
vesting have impacted sections of the stream, specif nearly 1000 feet over the
ically windthrow located along the lower reach. Ru next 2 miles (center
shingwater supports adult and juvenile chinook right). An impassable
(planted) and coho (planted and NOR). Steelhead cascade is located within
and bull trout utilization is unknown. However, this reach preventing any
bull trout utilization is implicit, to some degree, further upstream migra
since they are well documented in the Mowich. tion.
Surveys for steelhead have not been conducted. The 3rd reach harbors significantly different ha
One of two acclimation ponds used for reintro bitat. For about the next mile the creek assumes a
ducing coho, and occasionally chinook, into a 30 placid flow and contains excellent spawning habitat,
mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River is located as well as considerable amounts of beaver activity
just off the main channel of Rushingwater at RM and LWD structures (bottom right). This reach is
0.6 (top left photo). The pond holds 14,000 cu. ft. of one of the sites where adult surplus coho are
water with a flow rate of 13 cfs; currently 40,000 to planted. The final
100,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and released reach of Rushing
from Rushingwater annually. Coho yearlings origi water once again
nate from Voight Creek Hatchery where they are climbs swiftly
adipose clipped and coded wire tagged. Fish are re (2,000 feet) over the
leased at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of next 1.6 miles to
10,000 pounds. In addition to the acclimation of ju the outlet of Golden
venile coho, adult surplus coho and chinook from Lake at 4,500 feet.
600 Rushingwater Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19972007)
MALE COHO
486
FEMALE COHO
500
371
400
312
300
259
237
177
170
169
200
150
138
127
124
119
106
100
92
100
50
50
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR PLANTED
Rushingwater Creek Juvenile Coho And Chinook Acclimation Pond Plants (19982008)
149,970
COHO
CHINOOK
104,500
101,400
100,350
100,450
84,000
60,100
55,053
39,935
38,093
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

YEAR PLANTED

quate sized spawning gravel, principally throughout
SALMON the lower section of the creek, are available. Most of

the spawning habitat within the creek, although
quite limited, exists in the lower 0.5 miles of the
CREEK 10.0035 creek. It’s likely that a good deal of the gravel
present is recruited from Salmon Tributary. Fish do
ascend above the first half mile despite the fact that
spawning opportunities are few and the habitat is
generally of poorer quality. In response to the li
mited spawning habitat available, several of the
salmon observed in Salmon Creek are likely to be
ascending to the spring fed tributary, Salmon Tribu
tary, which enters Salmon Creek at RM 0.5 on the
right bank. The additional steady flow into Salmon
Creek from this perennial tributary contributes
greatly to the accessibility of chinook during the late
summer and early fall, when instream flows are fre
quently too low for chinook to enter.
Salmon Creek supports adult chinook, pink, co
ho, and chum spawners; with chum being the most
S
almon Creek, also known as Strawberry abundant species present. Coho are observed
Creek, flows just north of downtown Sumner. spawning; however their numbers continue to be
The creek channel is narrow and incised (top low. Steelhead and bull trout utilization is un
photo), especially along the lower 0.5 miles. Most of known. Prior to 2005, Salmon Creek was not regu
the creek flows through moderately developed pri larly surveyed for chinook since they were seldom
vate and commercial properties before entering the observed. Yet, a few carcasses were documented
White River at RM 2.1. In 2004, the City of Sumner during the prior 10 years in the lower 300 feet of the
completed a large wetland restoration project adja creek while conducting coho surveys. Chinook have
cent to the lower reach of Salmon Creek (RM 0.4). been observed spawning throughout the lower 0.5
The 11 acre site was the result of a mitigation set miles of the creek since 2005.
tlement with Davis Properties and Fred Myers. A new culvert was installed near the mouth of
Several of the limiting factors impacting fish Salmon Creek during the summer of 2007 (bottom
production in Salmon Creek include; a confined and right photo). The culvert was installed to facilitate
straightened channel, intermittent fish barriers, the construction of an access road across the creek
disconnected floodplain, channel erosion, absent or channel in order to reach a future industrial ware
deficient riparian cover, and low summer and fall house development on the north side of the creek.
flows. High sediment inputs, industrial discharge, Future plans also include removing the older under
and lack of channel habitat are additional limiting sized cement culverts that have been responsible for
factors. fish passage issues in the past.
The riparian along portions of the creek consist
of sparse stands of alder, fir and maple. Unfortu
nately, large sections of the stream riparian consist
of nothing other than blackberry, turf grass, and
reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) which
provide little in the way of shade or LWD inputs.
The substrate is largely fine sediment, clay, and un
dersized gravel; however, limited patches of ade
2007 Salmon Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
14
LIVE
DEAD
12
REDDS
10
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
9/13/07 9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/24/07
DATE SURVEYED
Salmon Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20052007)

25
LIVE
DEAD
20 20
20 REDDS
NUMBER OBSERVED
15
13
11
10
10
5
5 4
3
0
2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

30 Salmon Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007)

LIVE
27
DEAD
25
20
NUMBER OBSERVED
15
11
10 9
6 6
5 4 4
3
2 2 2 2 2
1
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

10 2007 Salmon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Cround Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
9 DEAD
7
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
11/8/07 11/20/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08
DATE SURVEYED
160 Salmon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19912007)
LIVE
138
DEAD
140
129
120
109
100
93
NUMBER OBSERVED
82
78
80
70
68
61
57
60
51
49
48
47
44
44
40
31
29
28
27
25
23
20
20
19
18
17
14
20
13
12
10
2
2
1
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

culverts located on Salmon Creek have been respon

SALMON sible for periodically prevented adult salmon, pri
marily chum, from accessing Salmon Tributary.
The upper culvert on
TRIBUTARY 10.0036 Salmon Creek often
created a significant
fish passage problem
until late 2007, when
bank erosion permit
ted the creek to
breech the culvert
along the right bank. Future plans also include re
moving the two lower undersized cement culverts
that have long been responsible for fish passage is
sues.
Beyond RM 0.13, the gradient increases substan
tially and the channel narrows. The increase in
gradient and flow is by and large an obstacle to
chum, which are the most abundant species to
spawn in the creek. Salmon Tributary regularly
S
almon Tributary is a short run, springfed
supports a large run of chum salmon for a stream of
stream entering Salmon Creek (Strawberry
its size. Unfortunately, the densities of adults dur
Creek) at RM 0.5. Salmon Tributary has ap
ing some seasons has been too high, and redd supe
proximately 0.13 miles (700 feet) of highly produc
rimposition was recurrent; especially during and
tive spawning habitat. The lower anadromous
following the peak spawning period. In addition,
reach consists of a low to moderate gradient channel
during the years that high spawning densities were
with excellent spawning gavel available throughout
observed, an extreme increase in the number of pre
its length (lower left & upper right photos). Al
spawned mortalities due to predation were also ob
though the creek lacks significant structure, it
served (lower right). Chum fry will spend some de
manages quit well to supports adult chum and coho
gree of time rearing in
spawners, as well as providing limited overwinter
the creek. The process
ing opportunities for juvenile coho and chinook.
of smoltification occurs
Beyond the anadromous reach the creek climbs
quickly and the chum
quickly, to which inevitable, impassable cascades
will migrate towards
prevent any further upstream migration. The ripa
marine waters shortly
rian along the lower reach of the creek consists
after emerging from the
largely of alder, as well as a few conifers and holly.
gravel.
A few pieces of small instream woody debris are
Coho are often observed in the fall spawning in
present; however, LWD recruitment is limited and
the lower 250 feet of the creek. Flows in Salmon
undersized. The
Tributary are too low to provide chinook or steel
riparian along
head access to spawn, yet chinook have been ob
the upper non
served spawning in Salmon Creek at the mouth of
anadromous
Salmon Tributary. Small, low gradient pools at the
reach is well in
mouth provide excellent habitat for young chinook
tact.
and coho; newly emerged coho fry are regularly ob
In the past,
served in January during the later part of chum
two perched
surveys.
30 2007 Salmon Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
25 DEAD
20
NUMBER OBSERVED
15
10
0
11/20/07 12/5/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08
DATE SURVEYED
600 Salmon Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)
LIVE
481
500 DEAD
456
400
363
346
NUMBER OBSERVED
275
300
255
242
200
142
130
89
100
75
70
50
48
4
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

some low energy pocket areas provide what little
SILVER spawning habitat is available along the lower creek.

Incredibly, the few spawning habitat areas availa
ble are utilized each season by bull trout. In 2007,
CREEK 10.0313 the South Puget Sound Salmon Enhancement

Group (SPSSEG) with funding from the USFWS
and the USFS, completed the removal of an old di
version dam suspected of causing a barrier to mi
grating salmon and bull trout. The removal of this
aged structure has enhanced access to available
spawning habitat upstream.
Bull Trout, which are often observed spawning in
Silver Springs, were not surveyed for in Silver
Creek prior to 2006. However, in 2006 and 2007, a
bull trout migration and spawning ground telemetry
study was conducted by PTF on the White River. In
support of the project, several bull trout captured in
the USACE Buckley trap were implanted with radio
transmitters. The radio tagged fish were then
tracked over the next 6 months from their release
S
ilver Creek is a right bank headwaters tribu
site at RM 45 near the community of Greenwater, to
tary of the White River located at RM 60.5,
several spawning sites located in the upper White
just outside of the Northern boundary of Mt.
River including Silver Creek. A tagged bull trout
Rainier National Park. Silver Creek originates
during the 2006 study was observed holding in Sil
along the Crystal Mountain ridge within the Wenat ver Creek prior to spawning at a site approximately
chee National Forest, and flows for over 7 miles
200 feet upstream from the mouth (1 redd observed
through steep mountainous terrain, dropping nearly
in 2006). In addition to 2006, bull trout spawning
3,000 feet from its source until reaching its conflu
activity was documented along the lower 200 feet of
ence with the White River just West of Highway
the creek in 2007 (2 redds observed).
410. Silver Creek has one major tributary; 4.4 mile
Although entirely feasible, steelhead utilization
Goat Creek (10.0314), which enters on the right
is currently unknown since no surveys have been
bank of Silver Creek 0.2 miles up from its mouth.
conducted to determine usage. However, coho, chi
Upstream of Goat Creek there are numerous small
nook, pink and sockeye are frequently observed in
er unnamed tributaries contributing flow to Silver
nearby Silver Springs Creek; yet, with the exception
Creek as well.
of an occasional coho, PTF biologist have not ob
The surrounding riparian zone consists of some
served any other salmon species spawning in Silver
old growth conifers, and a mixture of younger con
Creek.
iferous and deciduous trees. The instream habitat
Interestingly, Silver Creek is also the final rest
throughout the lower 0.5 miles of Silver Creek con
ing place of Henry C. Allen (lower right), a civil war
sists of mostly
veteran, and Purple Heart reci
moderate to high
pient who fought with the 16th
gradient cas
Wisconsin Infantry, then relo
cades with shal
cated to the region after the
low and mod
war. He was found frozen in
erately deep
the winter of 1898 near his trap
scour pools. The
lines and was buried on site.
scour pools and

White during highwater and flood events. In addi

SILVER SPRINGS tion, the mouth of Silver Creek has frequently been
relocated a couple of hundred feet due to the influ
CREEK 10.0332A ence of the White River.

Silver Springs is principally a coho stream; how
ever, several species including spring chinook, sock
eye, pink salmon, and bull trout have been docu
mented spawning in the creek at some period over
the past several seasons. Although steelhead are
present in the upper watershed, their utilization of
Silver Springs is unknown. With the exception of
coho, the other species documented in the creek
have not been observed spawning on consistent an
nual basis. A small number of chinook were ob
served spawning during the 2001, 2006 and 2007
seasons. Pink salmon were observed spawning in
the creek in 2003, 2005, and 2007; as well as a
couple of sockeye in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007.
Adult salmon spawning in Silver Springs Creek
S
ilver Springs is a short, springfed headwater were previously captured at the USACE fish trap in
tributary to the White River (RM 60.5). With Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain
its clear and consistent flow, this cool spring dam. Since precise escapement numbers are
offers excellent spawning and rearing habitat for known, surveys are conducted to determine fish dis
several species of salmonids. Erupting from a small tribution and spawning success. Silver Springs is
bench along the forest floor within the Silver the second highest point at which adult salmon are
Springs Campground; this spring creek runs adja observed; several dead pink salmon were observed
cent to Hwy. 410, approximately 0.5 mile north of in Sunrise Creek in 2007. Sunrise is located 2.5
the Mt. Rainier National Park boarder. Silver miles upstream, inside Mt. Rainier National Park,
Springs flows for approximately 0.3 miles within a making it the highest salmon migration point do
low gradient pool riffle channel. At a point along cumented by PTF staff.
the lower creek, the channel passes through an un Bull trout spawning in Silver Springs generally
dersized, yet fish passable culver under the commences in ear
campgrounds oneway road. ly September
The creek contains a moderate amount of inter (right photo) short
active instream LWD, in addition to one significant ly before the coho
longterm woody debris jam located in the lower appear. However,
channel. The overstory riparian consists largely of in contrast to sev
mature conifers, in addition to several hardwoods eral of the other
located near the confluence with the White River headwater tributa
and Silver Creek. Typical of this type of stream, the ries bull trout are Adult spawning bull trout
substrate is made up primarily of sand and small known to spawn in, bull trout spawning in Silver
gravel. However, several pockets of excellent Springs is somewhat inconsistent. It’s conceivable
spawning gravel are present throughout the reach, the creeks proximity to campsites, as well as two
although it is frequently obscured by fine sand. The foot bridges plus a road crossing, and the presence
entire channel of Silver Springs runs within the of campers, is disrupting bull trout spawning. The
floodplain of the WhiteRiver, and has on occasion campground is open and active through the first
been inundated by silt and woody debris from the week of October; closing just as coho are arriving.
Silver Springs Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)

10
LIVE
9 DEAD
REDDS
8
7
NUMBER OBSERVED
5 5
5
4 4
4
2 2
2
1 1
1
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
2007 Silver Springs Creek Water Temperature (June 6October 3)

7 Temp, °C
6.8
6.6
6.4
TEMPERATURE oC
6.2
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
6/7/07 6/14/07 6/21/07 6/28/07 7/5/07 7/12/07 7/19/07 7/26/07 8/2/07 8/9/07 8/16/07 8/23/07 8/30/07 9/6/07 9/13/07 9/20/07 9/27/07
DATE

miles of additional spawning and rearing habitat, as

SOUTH PRAIRIE well as flow contributions.
From the mouth, upstream to RM 12.6, the
CREEK 10.0429 stream is typically a low to moderate gradient pool

riffle channel with many deep pools and a few short
low gradient cascades. The lower 8 miles flows
within a broad valley floor and spawning opportuni
ties for all species is abundant throughout. Land
use along this section is mainly agricultural and re
creational. Chinook spawning occurs primarily
within the lower 8 miles, while coho show increased
usage throughout the middle and upper sections of
the 15 mile anadromous reach. South Prairie expe
riences a unique laterun of coho, which often spawn
into late February and early March. Chum regular
ly utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but have been
observed well above RM 10. Steelhead utilize areas
along the entire stream below the barrier falls; how
outh Prairie Creek is a major tributary of the ever usage is reduced in the canyon reach below the
S Carbon River, entering the Carbon near RM

6, just downstream of the Highway 162 and
Foothills Trail bridge crossings. With a drainage
falls. The valley walls narrow significantly above
RM 8; at this point the creek channel becomes more
confined and the gradient increases (left photo).
area over 90 mi , South Prairie Creek is considered Spawning and rearing opportunities are still preva
2
one of the most productive drainages in the Puyal lent here, as is the increase in LWD and LWD in
lup/White River watershed. The headwaters origi puts from the surrounding forest.
nate along the northwest foothills of Mt. Rainier From RM 12.6 to the falls at RM 15.4, the chan
within the Mt. BakerSnoqualmie National Forest. nel gradient increases substantially and the creek
The mainstem creek flows for over 21.5 miles; cours channel becomes moderately to extremely confined
ing its way through or near the communities of Wil within a steep canyon. Spawning and rearing op
keson, Burnett, and South Prairie. The creek offers portunities are severely reduced or nonexistent.
critical spawning and rearing habitat for adult and Spawning gravel is scarce in this upper reach and
juvenile salmonids including; chinook, pink, coho, many heavily scoured bedrock sections exist.
chum and steelhead. Bull trout have been docu The riparian zone changes dramatically over the
mented in the creek, but distribution and utilization 15.4 miles of anadromous stream. The upper can
is unknown. Limiting factors associated with yon reach flows through a commercial forest and
South Prairie include; low summer flows, channel streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir
confinement and narrowing, bank erosion, discon and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas
nected floodplain, water quality (303 (d) listed for are generally wider than the state regulated mini
temperature), areas of deficient riparian cover, and mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along
invasive plant species (reed canary grass (Phalaris the canyon. From RM 12.6 to RM 6.0 the riparian
arundinacea), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cus zone is relatively intact, consisting of mature hard
pidatum), and blackberry). woods with some fir. Below this point, to the con
The anadromous range extends roughly the first fluence, significant portions of the banks are ar
15 miles of the mainstem; a series of impassable mored and streamside residential development is
falls near RM 15.4 prevents any further upstream common. Much of the lower 6 miles flows through
migration. Tributaries including Wilkeson, Spike active agricultural land where alder and cottonwood
ton, Beaver, plus several unnamed tributaries, add are the most common streamside tree species.
160 2007 South Prairie Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Grounds Counts
LIVE
140
DEAD
REDDS
120
100
NUMBER OBSERVED
80
60
40
20
0
8/20/07 8/30/07 9/6/07 9/13/07 9/18/07 9/19/07 9/20/07 9/27/07 10/8/07 10/16/07 10/22/07
DATE SURVEYED
1200 South Prairie Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007)
LIVE
DEAD
1000
928
REDDS
838
770
800
692
NUMBER OBSERVED
537
536
600
527
505
503
478
389
388
377
360
400
326
312
304
289
251
244
217
211
200
127
117
109
92
81
51
52
27
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

South Prairie Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

600,000 LIVE
554,083
DEAD
500,000
425,115
400,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
300,000
235,270
200,000
100,000
35,995
23,004
18,794
11,356
5,787
3,814
1,475
0
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
SEASON SURVYEYED
2007 South Prairie pink salmon graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.
9,000 South Prairie Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19922007)
7,711
LIVE
7,309
8,000
DEAD
7,000
6,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
5,000
4,231
3,943
4,000
2,986
2,307
3,000
2,149
2,028
1,428
2,000
1,110
1,032
996
816
785
785
703
640
499
1,000
434
390
383
364
363
341
331
305
265
174
88
80
63
44
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

40 2008 South Prairie Creek Steelhead Spawning Grounds Counts
LIVE
35
DEAD
REDDS
30
25
NUMBER OBSERVED
20
15
10
0
2/27/08 3/5/08 3/12/08 3/19/08 3/26/08 4/2/08 4/9/08 4/16/08 4/23/08 4/30/08 5/7/08 5/14/08 5/21/08 5/28/08 6/4/08
DATE SURVEYED
250 South Prairie Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19992008)
STEELHEAD REDDS
196
200
187
168
159
146
150
NUMBER OBSERVED
129 129
119
100 93
50
32
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR SURVEYED
2008 South Prairie steelhead graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

cover, and the influx of reed canary grass (Phalaris

SQUALLY arundinacea) and blackberry. In addition, there is
some development along the creek; primarily pri
vate residential, as well as storm runoff that is
CREEK 10.0024 channeled into the creek. A large detention pond
built by Pierce County is located on the western tri
butary of upper Squally. The pond was constructed
to address excessive storm runoff and sediment is
sues.
The .21 mile anadromous segment has two short
distinct reaches, one below and one above Pioneer
Way. Downstream of Pioneer Way, the channel is
deeply incised with a substrate consisting of mod
erately compacted gravel, clay, and abundant fines
(top& botttom left photos). This substrate type is
typical of the entire basin; a result of glacial depo
sits and compaction. Natural channel cutting
through this hardened substrate has created a two
foot jump in the channel; prevented chum from as
S
qually Creek is a small tributary located cending beyond the lower 200 feet for the past sev
within the larger 12.1 mi2 Clear Creek Basin eral seasons. The riparian is sparse along the lower
(10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the 300 feet, consisting mainly of a few small alders,
plateaus and flatlands running along the southern blackberry, and reed canary grass. The last 80 feet
valley of the lower Puyallup River, just west of the of the creek runs through a culvert passing under
city of Puyallup. Encompassing an area of nearly 1 the BNSF railroad tracks (lower right), where
square mile, Squally Creek is the smallest of three Squally finally meets with Clear Creek. Squally is
main tributaries feeding Clear Creek. Squally ori mainly utilized by chum, although, a few coho are
ginates along the upper valley plateau near 72nd occasionally observed spawning in the lower stretch
Street East and flows north dropping through a of the creek during Decem
steep narrow canyon along the valley wall. Near ber. Chum frequently
the foot of the valley the creek passes under Pioneer spawn within the culvert
Way and the BNSF rail line before reaching Clear where accumulations of
Creek. gravel can be several inches
Approximately the first .21 miles of the creek deep. No adult chinook or
provides the only suitable habitat for spawning and steelhead usage has been
rearing; beyond this the creek begins to climb the documented.
valley wall preventing further upstream migration. Upstream of where the
Several of the fish and creek passes under Pioneer
habitat limiting factors Way, the gradient increases and the less confined
involved with Squally in channel quickly becomes braided. Due to the chan
cluding; channel confine nel braiding in this reach, the stream depth is often
ment, intermittent or shallow. However, there are several pieces of hard
complete fish barriers, no wood debris present, as well as moderate quantities
offchannel habitat, com of suitable spawning gravel. The riparian along this
pacted substrate, flooding section consists mostly of alder. Unfortunately, no
and channel erosion, ab spawning activity has been observed in this reach
sent or deficient riparian for several seasons.
to address excessive sediment and gravel movement
SWAN issues.
Although Swan Creek has been surveyed for sev
eral salmon species including chinook, coho, chum
CREEK 10.0003 and steelhead; only chum are observed in relatively

strong numbers (top right). In addition to chum, li
mited numbers of coho are observed spawning in the
creek in December. However, substantial numbers
of coho ju
veniles are
often ob
served in the
spring. Un
fortunately,
summer and
early fall Chum salmon
flows are too
low to allow chinook access to the creek. Although
bull trout utilization is unknown within Swan
Creek; adult fluvial bull trout are known to forage
S
wan Creek is a moderate sized tributary in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup.
located within the larger Clear Creek Basin Swan also supports a large population of cutthroat
(10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the trout, which can be observed spawning in the
plateaus and flatlands running along the southern spring. Two steelhead redds were observed during
valley of the lower Puyallup River, between the ci the April 2004 survey season. They were the first
ties of Puyallup and Tacoma. The head waters of steelhead redds seen in Swan Creek in several
Swan Creek originate just south of Highway 512, years. However, no steelhead redds have been ob
and flow just over 6 miles north to meet up with served since. Other species present in the creek in
Clear Creek near Pioneer Way E. The Swan Creek clude catfish, lamprey, and sculpins.
basin drains a moderately developed land area of From its origins, the creek flows within a narrow
nearly 4 mi2. The land use along the creek is large distinct channel for approximately 3 miles through
ly rural residential and recreational. The average the upland plateau south of 72nd Street East. Near
water discharge recorded by the USGS flow gauge 72nd, the creek begins to drop into an increasingly
(#12102190) for a five year period (19901991, 1995 narrow valley. The creek passes through a large
1997) was 4.78 ft3/second. concrete box culvert under 64th Street E.; then drops
Several of the fish and habitat limiting factors nearly three
involved with Swan Creek including; channel con feet back into
finement, intermittent or complete fish barriers, un the creek
stable substrate, flooding and channel erosion, ab channel. This
sent or deficient riparian cover, invasive nonnative jump in eleva
plants, and water quality (bacteria). In addition, tion is an up
there is some development present along the creek; stream bar
primarily private residential, as well as storm run rier to all spe
off that is channeled into the creek. A large deten cies; with the
tion pond built by Pierce County is located on the exception of
lower reach of the creek. The pond was constructed steelhead, which may be able to pass if flows are
high enough. However, spawning opportunities are
extremely limited and the habitat quality is poor From RM 0.8 to 0.5, the stream is poolriffle in
upstream of this point. character and contains good spawning gravel, ripa
Downstream of the culvert, the next 0.2 miles of rian diversity and channel complexity. There is also
the creek flows though a well defined channel with a noticeable decrease in LWD and woody debris in
little spawning habitat or complexity. Beyond this, the channel. Swan Creek is prone to high water
the creek channel takes on more complexity due to events however, and the substrate is only moderate
the placement of sill logs which hold back bed load ly stable. A sediment detention pond is located at
and create pool habitat through this narrow valley RM 0.5 (bottom photo) and is dredged annually or
section (previous pagelower right). Unfortunately, biannually by Pierce County. During these events,
one of the structures has developed into a likely fisheries staff from the Puyallup Tribe seines the
barrier to upstream migration during low flows. pond before dredging to remove the majority of fish
This narrow valley reach continues for approximate present, and relocates the fish captured downstream
ly the next 1.8 miles until the gradient and the val of the work site. A large wooden wing wall is in
ley walls begin to ease around RM 0.8. The channel place at the head of the pond to direct the creek to
dynamics wards the detention pond.
change consi Just downstream of the detention pond, the creek
derable flows through a short narrow channel and under
through this Pioneer Way E. Much of the channel is confined by
reach; from a riprap. The RMZ along this short stretch is ex
single well de tremely poor and heavy erosion is occurring along
fined channel the left bank. Haire Wetland
to braided sec The creek then
tions. There flows a few hun
are several pieces of instream LWD; as well as, sev dred feet before
eral smaller pieces of wood and woody debris jams reaching the
(center left). Several sections of the banks consist of Haire Wetlands
actively eroding compacted glacial debris; contribut (lower left). Some
ing fine and small course materials into the stream restoration work
channel. Spawning habitat is available throughout; has been com
yet, the substrate is largely made up of fine sand pleted in the past on the lower reach of the creek.
and undersized gravel. The RMZ is well intact In 2001, a 12acre site located just downstream of
along the valley section; consisting largely of mature Pioneer Way was utilized to develop a side channel
Doulas fir, alder, cottonwood and maple. A rapid for overwintering juveniles and as a means of re
shift in the RMZ occurs around RM 1.5; at this point connecting Swan Creek to the Haire Wetlands. In
the surrounding forest consists primarily of a much addition, the restoration included the removal of
thinner stand of alder, cottonwood and maple. To a invasive and nonnative plant species, and replant
large extent, the lower part of Swan Creek passes ing the area with native trees and shrubs. The City
through the 290acre Swan Creek Park. The park is of Tacoma financed the Haire Wetlands restoration
largely undeveloped with a hiking trail paralleling site along Clear and Swan Creeks through the Nat
the creek. ural Resource Damages Assessment Program
(NRDA).
A sediment detention
pond on Swan Creek is
located at RM 0.5.

800 2007 Swan Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
700
DEAD
600
500
NUMBER OBSEREVED
400
300
200
100
0
11/8/07 11/20/07 11/29/07 12/6/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/8/08
DATE SURVEYED
1,492
1,600 Swan Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19922007)
LIVE DEAD
1,400
1,196
1,200
928
1,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
792
800
692
600
574
553
600
400
252
222
217
131
113
200
104
100
84
77
47
41
38
38
20
17
9
7
6
6
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

therefore, allowing hatchery fish to access the upper
VOIGHT 3.4 miles of the creek to spawn naturally.

An impassable falls located at RM 3.9 blocks any
further upstream migration. Steelhead are frequent
CREEK 10.0414 ly observed spawning throughout the entire 3.5 mile

stretch above the hatchery. Unfortunately, steelhead
escapement in Voight Creek has fallen considerably
over the past few years. Winter steelhead popula
tions in the Puyallup basin have been declining for
nearly the past two decades. The steep decline ob
served in steelhead escapement over the past few
years has created serious concern among fisheries
managers. Factor(s) responsible for the decline in
steelhead escapement are unknown.
The stream channel varies a great deal in com
plexity. The lower mile is confined by armored banks
and levees, with large segments of significantly defi
cient riparian cover and negligible instream LWD. A
water diversion dam near RM 1.2 can block upstream
migrating fish during low flow periods. Fortunately,
V
oight Creek is a tributary to the lower Carbon
there are several spawning opportunities available
River, entering the Carbon at RM 4.0 just
below the dam. The gradient throughout this lower
southeast of the community of Orting. Voight
reach is low; the substrate size is more consistent
Creek originates along the northwest foothills of Mt.
than the upper reach, although smaller and some
Rainier, just west of Martin Peak and north of the
what compacted. Upstream of the diversion dam, the
Mowich River. The creek flows for nearly 20 miles in
channel begins to encounter the influences of the val
a northwest direction until it joins the Carbon River.
ley walls. The gradient increases slightly; however,
Encompassing a drainage area of nearly 23 mi 2, the
the channel is no longer confined, allowing the creek
mainstem creek offers roughly 4 miles of anadromous
to branch out creating several braids and significant
usage, as well as some spawning and rearing habitat
side channels over the next 0.8 miles. The riparian
offered by Coplar Creek entering at RM 0.7. The 4
throughout this section is well intact and there is a
miles of anadromous habitat in Voight’s supports
significant increase in LWD.
chinook, coho and steelhead; as well as occasional
Near RM 2, the valley walls close in tightly and
pink and chum spawners. Various fish and habitat
the channel is naturally restricted to a defined mod
limiting factors associated with Voight creek include;
erate sized channel and narrow gorges (lower right) .
erosion, flooding, water quality (temperature) , chan
The surrounding riparian is primarily a mix of 2nd
nel confinement, loss of off channel habitat and a dis
growth conifer and deciduous trees. Nearly the en
connected flood plain on the lower reach, an intermit
tire 2 mile reach from the diversion to the falls con
tent fish barrier created by a water diversion dam,
tains excellent, although somewhat sporadic patches
and water withdrawal.
of gravel within a
Voight Creek is currently surveyed for steelhead
moderate gradient
only due to the presence of the state salmon hat
stream channel.
chery. The WDFW hatchery has a fall chinook and
Several pieces of
coho program, making routine natural escapement
LWD and signifi
surveys for these species unnecessary. However, the
cant log jams are
weir designed to prevent fish passage above the hat
present throughout
chery has proven to be ineffective for several years;
this reach as well.
60 Voight Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)
STEELHEAD REDDS
50 48
44
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
33
30
20 18
16
10
10 9
7
4 4
2
1
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR SURVEYED
The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions and access issues which prevented a reg
ular full season of survey

structed, thereby permanently diverting the White
WHITE River into the Puyallup.

Significant tributaries of the White include the
West Fork White River, Huckleberry Creek, Clear
RIVER 10.0031 water River, and the Greenwater River. The White
River Watershed provides critical spawning and
rearing habitat for several salmonids including sev
eral ESA listed species such as; native White River
spring chinook, winter steelhead and bull trout.
Other nonthreatened species include coho, pink,
chum, sockeye, rainbow trout and cutthroat. These
tributaries, with the exception of the West Fork, are
described in this report.
All adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the
Upper White River and its tributaries are initially
captured in the USACE fish trap in Buckley; then
transported above Mud Mountain dam (RM 29.6).
Since precise escapement numbers for the Upper
White River drainage are known, surveys are con
ducted to determine fish distribution and spawning
T
he White River (Stuck) is a vast and dynamic success. This is especially important regarding
glacially driven river system. The headwa spring chinook, since adult production monitoring is
ters of the White originate from the Emmons part of the recovery plan.
and Fryingpan glaciers on the north face of Mt. The systems glacial origin is responsible for the
Rainier (above). Flowing 76.7 miles from its moun turbid conditions that are most noticeable during
tain source to its eventual confluence with the warmer weather experienced during late spring and
Puyallup River; the White River Watershed drains summer. The White River conveys a tremendous
an area of nearly 494 mi2. The White River has a volume of bed load material which contributes to
drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup Riv the dynamic nature of the system. The high sedi
er. However, the White and Puyallup drainages are ment loads are responsible for the braided channel
often viewed and managed as two distinct and sepa morphology characteristic of broad valley segments.
rate entities. This management approach is due in This condition is most prevalent in the upper reach
part because prior to 1906, the White River did not es within and immediately outside the National
flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo (1983) de Park boundaries (river mile 56 to 71). Although this
scribed that prior to 1906; the majority of the White upper headwater segment provides little or nothing
River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. Yet, some of in the way of mainstem spawning opportunities, its
the water from the White often flowed south to the pristine and unspoiled tributaries provide a great
Puyallup through the Stuck River channel. In No deal of the critical bull trout spawning and rearing
vember of 1906, a flood event mobilized a tremend habitat in the system. Sunrise Creek (RM 63), lo
ous amount of wood debris that blocked the north cated 2.5 miles inside Mt. Rainier National Park,
flowing channel in what is now downtown Auburn. marks the highest salmon migration point docu
The blockage forced the river to avulse and find a mented by PTF staff.
new channel. This newly created diversion sent Downstream of the NPS boundary near RM 61,
nearly the entire White River flow down through the mainstem river, as well as many of its tributa
the Stuck River channel into the Puyallup; more ries course through industrial forestlands including
than doubling the size of the Puyallup River drai National Forest, but primarily within private tim
nage. In 1915, a concrete structure was con ber company ownership. Much of these forestlands
have been harvested at least once and in many cas power production, instream flows have increased
es twice. Lands in timber production areas are of considerably in the lower river. Thus far, some
ten densely roaded with some sections approaching measure of water has continued to be diverted from
six lineal miles per square mile. Roads have con the river to maintain the water levels and water
tributed to many of their trademark problems such quality in Lake Tapps. However, the effect on fish
as landslides, slope failures, altered hydrology, cul passage is the same; a small percentage of fish will
vert and bridge projects that can effect upstream fall back downstream below Mud Mountain; utiliz
migration, and of course high levels if sedimentation ing this disenfranchised reach of the river between
within effected drainages. In contrast to the head the two facilities.
waters reach, mainstem spawning opportunities are Downstream of the diversion dam at RM 24.3; to
frequently available throughout much of the upper approximately RM 11, there is frequent and concen
mainstem from RM 55 downstream to Mud Moun trated use by chinook, pink, coho and steelhead.
tain dam at RM 29.5. Chinook, coho and pink sal Some chum spawning activity takes place within
mon have all been observed spawning in the lower this reach as well; however, the majority of chum
velocity margins of the mainstem within this sec spawn below RM 15. When power production ended
tion. in 2004, this roughly 13 mile reach has abundant
The West Fork White River entering at RM 49.2 and excellent spawning gravel. There are signifi
on the left bank is glacially driven as well, and is cant side channels, as well as LWD and log jams
characterized by generally unconfined, often braided contributing to the complexity of the lower River.
and complex channels. Abundant spawning gravels This reach provides numerous spawning and rear
are present in pool tail, as well as the margins and ing opportunities. One side channel complex, ap
low velocity areas along the lower river. Woody de proximately a mile long, is located on the left bank
bris is abundant although much of it has been depo directly below the Shaker Church access (RM 14.5).
sited too high to interact with the regular seasonal This long established channel supports chinook,
flows. To a great extent, the overstory riparian zone pink and coho, as well as, the highest recent docu
is either second growth conifer or hardwoods; except mentation of chum salmon spawning. Another sub
for the zone through Mt. National Park with consist stantial side channel not surveyed due to multiple
of mostly old growth. Several tributaries including debris jams blocking access, is located a couple of
Pinochle, Cripple and Wrong Creeks; frequently miles downstream on the left bank. Aerial surveys
support chinook, coho and pink spawners. In addi have documented both chinook and steelhead
tion, the clear headwater tributaries of the West spawning in this side channel.
Fork; specifically Lodi Creek, provide several key From approximately RM 11 downstream the
spawning and rearing opportunities for bull trout. channel is con
There are approximately 5 miles of suitable ha strained by le
bitat between Mud Mountain Dam and the USACE vees (right pho
Buckley trap at RM 24.3; unfortunately, only mod to). The channel
est spawning at best takes place due to lack of fish from this point
access between the two facilities. Mud Mountain is loses complexity
an earthen dam built for flood control, and is a com and there is a
plete blockage to upstream migration. It is for this marked decrease
reason that fish are captured at the diversion dam in both spawn
in Buckley and transported upstream and released ing gravel and
above Mud Mountain. The Corps’ trapping facility spawning activi
is uniquely integrated into a diversion dam and ty of all species.
flume intake that was, up until January 2004, used
to divert water from the White River to generate Lower White River at
power. Since Puget Sound Energy (PSE) ceased A Street in Auburn.

250 White River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)
LIVE
205 DEAD
200 REDDS
151
150 142
NUMBER OBSERVED
117
102 99 101 98 N
100 94 O
T
79 80
75 74
69
S
U
51
44 44 R
50
36 36 V
26 E
24 23 22 21
17 17 17 Y
14 16
11 10 10 12 E
3 4 5 7
1 D
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
DATE SURVEYED
600 White River Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)
LIVE
510
500 DEAD
367
400
NUMBER OBSERVED
301
300
255
188
184
200
147
120
100
2006 and 2007 surveys were
42
not conducted due to high

17
flow conditions and poor visi

bility.
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

pink, chum and steelhead. However, chinook use is
WILKESON often limited due to the extremely low flows com

mon in the creek during late summer and early fall.
Bull trout utilization is unknown.
CREEK 10.0432 From the barrier falls at RM 6.2, down to approx

imately RM 5.0, the creek is confined by valley
walls; yet the channel width and gradient are con
ducive to providing ample spawning opportunities
for all species (top left). Coal Mine Creek, entering
near RM 5.7, is the only significant tributary enter
ing the anadromous segment of Wilkeson Creek.
Coal Mine supports coho, chum and pink spawners.
Between RM 5 and 4.0, Wilkeson Creek meand
ers through the town of Wilkeson, the channel is
often deeply entrenched and the banks generally
riprapped and confined. Spawning opportunities
throughout this section are available, although,
somewhat reduced compared to the rest of the
creek. At RM 4.2, the Wilkeson Waste Water
Treatment Plant discharges its treated domestic
W
ilkeson Creek is a large tributary to lower wastewater into the creek.
South Prairie Creek (10.0429). Wilkeson Below river mile 4.0 and the community of Wil
flows for 12.3 miles from its source in the keson, the creek travels through by and large unde
Mt. BakerSnoqualmie National Forest, then pass veloped forested land until it reaches South Prairie.
ing through the community of Wilkeson (bottom The lower 4 miles of Wilkeson is a poolriffle stream
left), before meeting South Prairie Creek (RM 6.7) with a gravel/cobble substrate. With a few excep
just east of the town of South Prairie. Unfortunate tions, abundant spawning gravel is present
ly, only the lower half of Wilkeson is accessible to throughout this reach. The riparian along lower
salmon; a series of falls at RM 6.2 marks the upper Wilkeson consists of hardwoods and conifers with
extent of adult salmon and steelhead migration. an understory of vari
Several fish and habitat related issues associated ous native shrubs and
with Wilkeson Creek include; erosion, water quality vegetation. Large
(temperature), channel confinement, low flows, wa swaths of Japanese
ter withdrawal, and aquatic noxious weeds (Japa knot weed are also
nese knotweedPolygonum cuspidatum). In addition, present along numer
pieces of coal still visible in the creek channel con ous sections of the
tinue to bring to light the regions coal mining histo creek. Instream woody debris is plentiful providing
ry and its affects on the creek. Currently, the pri both channel complexity and cover. The lower 3
mary land use along Wilkeson is rural residential, miles are very natural (right), with a heavily
recreational, light commercial, and forest. Despite wooded riparian zone, debris jams and several side
these limitations, channels offering excellent chum spawning oppor
the Wilkeson Creek tunities, as well as overwintering habitat for juve
basin is a productive nile coho, chinook and steelhead. The lower 1.5
system, providing miles of the creek often experiences the heaviest
suitable spawning spawning effort by chinook, pink and chum. Whe
and rearing habitat reas, coho and steelhead focus more on the middle
for chinook, coho, and upper reaches of the creek.
2007 Wilkeson Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
14
LIVE
DEAD
12 REDDS
10
NUMBER OBSERVED
0
9/5/07 9/17/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/23/07
DATE SURVEYED
70 Wilkeson Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)
LIVE
60
60 DEAD
REDDS
50
NUMBER OBSERVED
40 38
35
30
29
30
20
19
20 18
17 17
15
14
13
12 12
11 11
10
9
10 8 8 8
6
4
3
2 2
1 1 1 1
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

6,000 2007 Wilkeson Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing
LIVE
5,000
DEAD
4,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
8/21/07 9/5/07 9/17/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/23/07 11/2/07 11/27/07
DATE SURVEYED
20,000 Wilkeson Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)
16,495 LIVE
18,000
DEAD
16,000
14,000
12,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
9,616
10,000
8,000
4,506
6,000
3,536
3,154
4,000
1,391
2,000
823
107
23
23
4
0
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
SEASON SURVEYED

20 2008 Wilkeson Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts

LIVE
18 DEAD
REDDS
16
14
NUMBER OBSERVED
12
10
0
3/20/08 3/31/08 4/14/08 4/17/08 4/24/08 5/5/08 5/12/08 6/3/08 6/5/08
DATE SURVEYED
60 Wilkeson Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19992008)
STEELHEAD REDDS
50
50
40
NUMBER OBSERVED
30 30 30
29
30
23
22
20
20
13
10
6
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
YEAR SURVEYED

WATERSHED ESCAPEMENT:
Seasonal Comparisons of Spawning Ground Counts and
Buckley USACE Trap Escapements for Salmon and Steelhead.
The following charts are separated by species and include both wild and hatchery origin spawning ground escapements.
They are a compilation of the yearly survey totals conducted by the Puyallup Tribe Fisheries Department, the Washing
ton Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Army Corps of Engineers’ Buckley trap counts. These data yield an empir
ical representation of total natural escapement for the entire WRIA 10: Puyallup/White River watershed. It is impor
tant to note that the number of live fish observed and represented in the graphs is an accumulation of all fish seen
throughout the survey season. The total number of live fish observed does not depict the estimated escapement which is
derived through statistical analysis (AUC methodsee appendix F). The live and redds totals in the following graphs do
not include the fish or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River, since these actual escapement totals are
known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.
APPENDIX A
4,634
5,000 Watershed Comparisons for Adult and Jack Chinook Salmon (19932007)
4,565
4,500 BUCKLEY COUNTS
LIVE
4,000 DEAD
REDDS
3,500
3,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
2,372
2,500
2,079
2,002
1,683
2,000
1,546
1,532
1,528
1,526
1,465
1,433
1,394
1,393
1,292
1,240
1,193
1,151
1,141
1,500
1,060
1,029
1,013
959
938
924
856
849
849
837
803
761
753
738
1,000
710
702
698
643
605
586
577
531
515
502
479
466
424
422
409
411
402
402
392
321
284
251
241
233
500
213
160
105
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
The live and redds totals in this graph do not include the chinook or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual
escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. The breakdown for the Buckley trap counts are listed in the
section covering the Buckley USACE fish trap found earlier in this report.
25,000 Watershed Comparisons for Adult Coho Salmon (19932007)
BUCKLEY COUNTS
21,591 LIVE
DEAD
20,000
16,748
14,341
13,893
12,620
15,000
NUMBER OBSERVED
8,420
7,988
10,000
6,503
6,370
6,371
6,252
6,022
5,005
4,046
2,924
5,000
2,733
2,662
2,617
2,454
1,902
1,809
1,782
1,789
1,745
1,693
1,475
1,379
1,325
1,283
1,252
1,065
1,013
976
966
927
661
522
508
444
414
355
297
221
209
171
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
The live totals in this graph do not include the coho observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are
known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

25,000
Watershed Comparisons for Adult Chum Salmon (19932007)
HATCHERY
20,635
19,506
LIVE
18,508
18,006
20,000 DEAD
17,629
14,273
15,000
12,679
12,620
12,606
NUMBER OBSERVED
11,393
11,209
10,217
10,051
9,686
10,000
7,244
7,190
7,196
7,150
7,049
7,037
6,130
6,083
5,472
5,437
5,229
5,116
5,032
4,958
4,652
4,590
4,441
4,397
3,761
3,619
3,446
3,320
5,000
2,701
2,634
2,314
2,286
2,290
1,685
1,645
1,632
1,276
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
600 Watershed Comparisons for Adult Steelhead (20002008)

BUCKLEY COUNTS
524
LIVE
500 DEAD
435 REDDS
400 383
369 367
357
337
NUMBER OBSERVED
300 276
265 269
231
214 218
200 183
162 163
152
137 135
100 81
67
54 49
43 45 37
28
8 8 2 6 3 3 5 5 0
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SEASON SURVEYED
The live and redds totals in this graph do not include the steelhead or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual
escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

6,250,000 Watershed Comparisons for Adult Pink Salmon (19912007)
613,876
497,841
BUCKLEY COUNTS
261,038
127,541
LIVE
64,347
DEAD
33,346
125,000
29,794
21,716
19,935
18,810
13,190
11,626
6,622
5,824
3,941
NUMBER OBSERVED
3,769
3,139
2,987
1,959
1,502
2,500
223
50 208
1
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
SEASON SURVEYED
The live and dead totals in this graph do not include the pink salmon observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual
escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

SALMON AND STEELHEAD

DISTRIBUTION AND
SPAWNING UTILIZATION
The following maps are separated by species; they represent the different distributions and spawning utilization
areas within the watershed. The following maps were produced by Marilu Koschak, with the Northwest Indian
Fisheries Commissions (NWIFC).
APPENDIX B
Puyallup/White River drainage area map.





20072008
CHINOOK AND BULL TROUT
REDD LOCATIONS (GPS)
APPENDIX C
2007 Boise Creek Chinook Redd Locations

2007 Clearwater River Chinook Redd Locations

2007 Fennel Creek Chinook Redd Locations

2007 Huckleberry Creek Chinook Redd Locations

2007 Kapowsin Creek Chinook Redd Locations

2007 Salmon Creek Chinook Redd Locations

2007 Fryingpan and Wright Creeks Bull Trout Redd Locations

(White River – Mt. Rainier National Park)
FALLS

2007 Discovery, No Name, Klickitat and Parallel Creeks

Bull Trout Redd Locations

2007 Antler and Sunrise Creeks Bull Trout Redd Locations


2007 Silver Creek Bull Trout Redd Location

2007 Lodi Creek Bull Trout Redd Locations

(West Fork White River – Mt. Rainier National Park)

20072008
SALMON, STEELHEAD,
AND BULL TROUT
SPAWNING DATA
APPENDIX D
2007 Chinook Spawning Ground Data

STREAM UPPER
WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS
C
R.M.
BOISE 10.0057 8/21/07 0.0 2.2 0 0 0
BOISE 10.0057 9/5/07 0.0 2.2 28 0 5
BOISE 10.0057 9/14/07 0.0 2.2 61 11 5
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 13 4 3
BOISE 10.0057 10/5/07 0.0 2.2 32 53 0
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 86 70 19
H
BOISE 10.0057 10/17/07 0.0 2.2 2 17 0
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 4 50 0
BOISE 10.0057 10/26/07 0.0 2.2 0 0 0
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 0
BOISE Total 226 205 32
LIVE DEAD REDDS
I
CANYON FALLS 10.0410 8/23/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYON FALLS 10.0410 9/4/07 0.3 0.6 2 0 0
CANYON FALLS 10.0410 9/13/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYON FALLS 10.0410 9/27/07 0.3 0.6 1 0 0
CANYON FALLS 10.0410 10/5/07 0.3 0.6 1 0 0
CANYON FALLS 10.0410 10/15/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYON FALLS Total 4 0 0
N
LIVE DEAD REDDS
CLARKS 10.0027 8/22/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0

CLARKS 10.0027 9/4/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0
CLARKS 10.0027 9/13/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0
CLARKS 10.0027 9/27/07 3.4 3.7 98 2 10
CLARKS 10.0027 10/4/07 3.4 3.7 385 64 0
CLARKS 10.0027 10/15/07 3.4 3.7 47 66 1
O
CLARKS
CLARKS
10.0027
10.0027
10/24/07
11/8/07
3.4
3.4
CLARKS
3.7
3.7
Total
3
0
533
LIVE
5
0
137
DEAD
0
0
11
REDDS
CLEAR 10.0022 8/22/07 1.7 1.8 0 0 0

CLEAR 10.0022 9/4/07 1.7 1.8 0 0 0
CLEAR
CLEAR
CLEAR
CLEAR
CLEAR
O 10.0022
10.0022
10.0022
10.0022
10.0022
9/13/07
9/27/07
10/4/07
10/15/07
10/24/07
CLEAR
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
Total
1
0
10
0
0
11
0
0
8
3
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
LIVE DEAD REDDS
K
CLEARWATER
CLEARWATER
CLEARWATER
CLEARWATER
10.0080
10.0080
10.0080
10.0080
8/28/07
9/14/07
10/1/07
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
1.1
1.1
3.8
1.1
66
23
26
4
1
8
10
9
6
7
6
0

CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 2 5 0

CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/11/07 0.0 1.1 0 3 0
C
CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 4 3 0
CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/23/07 0.0 1.1 0 4 0
CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 0 0 0
CLEARWATER Total 125 43 19
LIVE DEAD REDDS
FENNEL 10.0406 8/23/07 0.0 0.8 0 0 0
H
FENNEL 10.0406 9/4/07 0.0 0.8 0 0 1
FENNEL 10.0406 9/13/07 0.0 0.8 1 1 0
FENNEL 10.0406 9/27/07 0.0 1.3 96 42 42
FENNEL 10.0406 10/5/07 0.0 1.3 55 61 10
FENNEL 10.0406 10/15/07 0.0 1.3 1 19 0
FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.0 0.8 0 1 0
FENNEL Total 153 124 53
I
LIVE DEAD REDDS
Data collected by WDFW

GREENWATER 10.0122 9/12/07 0 10 129 30 18
GREENWATER 10.0122 9/20/07 0 10 90 93 4
GREENWATER 10.0122 10/1/07 0 10 54 52 3
GREENWATER 10.0122 10/11/07 0 10 2 31 0
N
GREENWATER 10.0122 10/18/07 0 10 0 13 0
GREENWATER Total 275 219 25
LIVE DEAD REDDS
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 8/28/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 1

HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/14/07 0.0 0.5 11 13 2
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 0.5 1.5 36 22 0
O
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/24/07 0.0 0.5 2 0 0
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 0.5 1.5 5 22 2
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/11/07 0.0 0.5 1 3 0
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 0.5 1.5 20 7 0
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/23/07 0.0 0.5 2 1 0
HUCKLEBERRY Total 77 68 5
LIVE DEAD REDDS
O
KAPOWSIN
KAPOWSIN
KAPOWSIN
KAPOWSIN
KAPOWSIN
10.0600
10.0600
10.0600
10.0600
10.0600
8/23/07
9/6/07
9/13/07
9/27/07
10/4/07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
10
9
0
0
0
3
0
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 0.0 3.2 1 3 0
K
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/15/07 0.0 1.6 1 2 5
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 0.0 3.2 3 6 0
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/07 0.0 3.2 0 0 0
KAPOWSIN Total 9 30 8
LIVE DEAD REDDS
SALMON 10.0036 8/22/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0

SALMON 10.0036 9/4/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
C
SALMON 10.0036 9/13/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
SALMON 10.0036 9/27/07 0.0 0.6 12 4 3
SALMON 10.0036 10/4/07 0.0 0.6 1 3 0
SALMON 10.0036 10/15/07 0.0 0.6 0 3 0
SALMON 10.0036 10/24/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
SALMON CREEK Total 13 10 3
LIVE DEAD REDDS
H
SILVER SPRINGS
SILVER SPRINGS
SILVER SPRINGS
SILVER SPRINGS
SILVER SPRINGS
10.0332A
10.0332A
10.0332A
10.0332A
10.0332A
9/6/07
9/18/07
9/20/07
9/26/07
10/11/07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/23/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0
SILVER SPRINGS Total 5 1 1
I
Data collected by WDFW
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
10.0429
10.0429
8/20/07
8/30/07
LIVE
0
19
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
0
1
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/6/07 43 3 2
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/13/07 70 4 12
N
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
10.0429
10.0429
10.0429
10.0429
10.0429
10.0429
9/18/07
9/19/07
9/20/07
9/27/07
10/8/07
10/16/07
47
131
25
135
6
2
4
6
0
54
20
18
2
19
3
12
1
0
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/22/07 0 0 0
O
S. PRAIRIE Total 478 109 52
LIVE DEAD REDDS
SWAN 10.0003 8/22/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0

SWAN 10.0003 9/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0
SWAN 10.0003 9/13/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0
SWAN 10.0003 9/27/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0
O
SWAN 10.0003 10/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0
SWAN Total 0 0 0
LIVE DEAD REDDS
WILKESON 10.0432 8/21/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 0

WILKESON 10.0432 9/5/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 0
WILKESON 10.0432 9/17/07 0.0 1.0 2 1 0
K
WILKESON 10.0432 10/1/07 0.0 1.0 8 5 1
WILKESON 10.0432 10/11/07 0.0 1.0 0 11 0
WILKESON Total 10 17 1
LIVE DEAD REDDS

2007 BULL TROUT SPAWNING DATA (WHITE RIVER)

STREAM UPPER
WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS
R.M.
B
KLICKITAT (BT)
KLICKITAT (BT)
KLICKITAT (BT)
KLICKITAT (BT)
10.0357
10.0357
10.0357
10.0357
8/24/07
9/6/07
9/12/07
9/18/07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0
2
10
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
5
KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 9/20/07 0.0 0.5 5 0 2
U
KLICKITAT (BT)
KLICKITAT (BT)
10.0357
10.0357
9/26/07
10/12/07
0.0
0.0
KLICKITAT (BT)
0.5
0.5
Total
0
0
17
LIVE
1
0
2
DEAD
2
1
12
REDDS
L
SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/6/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/18/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1
SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1
SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
SILVER CREEK 10.0313 10/11/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
L
SILVER CREEK Total 0 0 2
LIVE DEAD REDDS
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/6/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0

SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/18/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/20/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0
T
SILVER SPRINGS
SILVER SPRINGS
10.0332A
10.0332A
9/26/07
10/11/07
0.0
0.0
SILVER SPRINGS
0.3
0.3
Total
0
1
1
LIVE
0
0
0
DEAD
0
0
0
REDDS
R
NONAME CREEK
NONAME CREEK
NONAME CREEK
NONAME CREEK
10.0364
10.0364
10.0364
10.0364
8/24/07
9/6/07
9/12/07
9/18/07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
NONAME CREEK 10.0364 9/20/07 0.0 0.7 4 0 0
O
NONAME CREEK
NONAME CREEK
10.0364
10.0364
9/26/07
10/12/07
NONAME CREEK
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.7
Total
5
0
13
LIVE
0
0
0
DEAD
3
6
11
REDDS
U
FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/12/07 0.0 1.0 2 0 0
FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/18/07 0.0 1.0 1 0 0
FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/20/07 0.0 1.0 4 0 1
FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/26/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 1
FRYINGPAN CREEK Total 7 0 2
T
LIVE DEAD REDDS
WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 1 0 4

WRIGHT CREEK Total 1 0 4
LIVE DEAD REDDS
HIDDEN SPRINGS 8/24/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0

HIDDEN SPRINGS 9/18/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0

HIDDEN SPRINGS 9/26/07 0.0 0.7 1 0 0
B
HIDDEN SPRINGS 10/12/07
HIDDEN SPRINGS
0.0 0.7
Total
0
1
LIVE
0
0
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
U
ANTLER CREEK 9/6/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
ANTLER CREEK 9/12/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1
ANTLER CREEK 9/18/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
ANTLER CREEK 9/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1
ANTLER CREEK 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
L
ANTLER CREEK Total 0 0 2
LIVE DEAD REDDS
CRYSTAL 10.0353 9/18/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0

CRYSTAL 10.0353 9/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0
L
CRYSTAL 10.0353 9/26/07
CRYSTAL CREEK
0.0 0.1
Total
0
0
LIVE
0
0
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
PARALLEL CREEK 8/24/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
T
PARALLEL CREEK
PARALLEL CREEK
PARALLEL CREEK
PARALLEL CREEK
9/12/07
9/18/07
9/20/07
9/26/07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
PARALLEL CREEK 10/12/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 1
R PARALLEL CREEK Total 2

LIVE
0
DEAD
6
REDDS
DISCOVERY 9/12/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
O
DISCOVERY 9/18/07 0.0 0.6 3 0 2
DISCOVERY 9/20/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
DISCOVERY 9/26/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0
DISCOVERY Total 3 0 2
LIVE DEAD REDDS
U
LODI CREEK
LODI CREEK
10.0027
10.0027
9/12/07
9/21/07
LODI CREEK
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
Total
0
1
1
LIVE
0
0
0
DEAD
0
5
5
REDDS
T
SUNRISE CREEK 10.0337 10/12/07
SUNRISE CREEK
0.0 0.3
Total
0
0
LIVE
0
0
DEAD
1
1
REDDS
(UNIDENTIFIED): These tributaries are not identified on hydrology and/or officially named.

2007 COHO SALMON SPAWNING DATA
STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. UPPER R.M. LIVE DEAD
C
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
9/14/07
10/5/07
10/17/07
10/26/07
11/5/07
11/16/07
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.2
2.2
4.5
2.2
4.5
2.2
4.5
2.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
0
0
17
20
75
147
57
103
178
48
0
0
1
3
7
0
1
2
31
8
BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 28 1
BOISE 10.0057 11/27/07 2.2 4.5 42 12
O
BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 11 2
BOISE 10.0057 12/7/07 0.0 4.5 89 10
BOISE 10.0057 12/17/07 0.0 4.5 26 17
BOISE TOTAL: 841 95
LIVE DEAD
DATA COLLECTED BY WDFW
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/27/07 0.3 0.6 2 1

CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/5/07 0.3 0.6 6 2
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/22/07 0.3 0.6 19 1
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/30/07 0.3 0.6 5 1
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/6/07 0.3 0.6 1 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/13/07 0.3 0.6 1 0
H
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/20/07 0.3 0.6 2 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/27/07 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/7/07 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/17/07 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYON FALLS TOTAL: 36 5
LIVE DEAD
CLARKS 10.0027 10/4/07 3.4 3.7 0 0

CLARKS 10.0027 10/15/07 3.4 3.7 2 0
CLARKS 10.0027 10/24/07 3.4 3.7 1 0
CLARKS 10.0027 10/31/07 3.4 3.7 2 2
CLARKS 10.0027 11/8/07 3.4 3.7 0 0
CLARKS 10.0027 11/20/07 3.4 3.7 0 0
O
CLARKS 10.0027 12/7/07 3.4 3.7 0 0
CLARKS TOTAL: 5 2
LIVE DEAD
CLEAR 10.0022 10/15/07 1.7 1.9 0 0

CLEAR 10.0022 10/24/07 1.7 1.9 2 0

CLEAR 10.0022 10/31/07 1.7 1.9 1 1

CLEAR 10.0022 11/8/07 1.7 1.9 0 1
CLEAR 10.0022 11/20/07 1.7 1.9 0 0
CLEAR 10.0022 11/28/07 1.7 1.9 0 0
C
CLEAR TOTAL: 3 2
LIVE DEAD
CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/14/07 0.0 1.1 0 0

CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/1/07 1.1 3.8 46 1
CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/11/07 0.0 3.8 125 2
CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/23/07 0.0 3.1 56 6
CLEARWATER TOTAL: 227 9
LIVE DEAD
COAL MINE 10.0432A 10/22/07 0.0 0.4 1 0
O
COAL MINE 10.0432A 10/30/07 0.0 0.4 3 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/6/07 0.0 0.4 0 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/13/07 0.0 0.4 0 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/20/07 0.0 0.4 0 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/27/07 0.0 0.4 0 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/7/07 0.0 0.4 14 2
COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/17/07 0.0 0.4 9 2
COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/27/07 0.0 0.4 5 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/4/08 0.0 0.4 0 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/10/08 0.0 0.4 4 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/17/08 0.0 0.4 12 1
COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/25/08 0.0 0.4 5 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/4/08 0.0 0.4 7 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/13/08 0.0 0.4 54 1
H
COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/19/08 0.0 0.4 33 6
COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/28/08 0.0 0.4 6 12
COAL MINE 10.0432A 3/8/08 0.0 0.4 0 5
COAL MINE TOTAL: 153 29
LIVE DEAD
DEER (Adult plants) 10.0865 10/30/07 0.0 0.5 515 0

DEER (Adult plants) 10.0865 11/5/07 0.0 0.5 533 0
DEER TOTAL: 1048 0
LIVE DEAD
O
FENNEL 10.0406 10/5/07 0.0 0.8 1 1

FENNEL 10.0406 10/15/07 0.0 0.8 2 0
FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.0 0.8 8 0
FENNEL 10.0406 10/30/07 0.0 0.8 5 2
FENNEL 10.0406 11/6/07 0.0 0.8 5 2
FENNEL 10.0406 11/13/07 0.0 0.8 5 0
FENNEL 10.0406 11/20/07 0.0 0.8 6 1
FENNEL 10.0406 11/27/07 0.0 0.8 2 1
FENNEL 10.0406 12/7/07 0.0 0.8 8 0

FENNEL 10.0406 12/17/07 0.0 0.8 7 2
FENNEL 10.0406 12/27/07 0.0 0.8 6 0
FENNEL 10.0406 1/4/08 0.0 0.8 0 2
C
FENNEL 10.0406 1/24/08 0.0 0.8 2 0
FENNEL TOTAL: 57 11
LIVE DEAD
FISK 10.0596 10/22/07 0.3 1.1 8 2

FISK 10.0596 10/30/07 0.3 1.1 2 0
FISK 10.0596 11/6/07 0.3 1.1 3 1
FISK 10.0596 11/13/07 0.3 1.1 0 0
FISK 10.0596 11/20/07 0.3 1.1 5 0
FISK 10.0596 11/27/07 0.3 1.1 1 0
FISK 10.0596 12/7/07 0.3 1.1 8 1
FISK 10.0596 12/17/07 0.3 1.1 2 1
FISK 10.0596 0.3 1.1 0 0
O
12/27/07
FISK TOTAL: 29 5
LIVE DEAD
FOX 10.0608 10/11/07 0.0 1.0 0 0

FOX 10.0608 10/18/07 0.0 1.0 20 2
FOX 10.0608 10/23/07 0.0 1.0 100 1
FOX 10.0608 11/1/07 0.0 1.0 96 152
FOX 10.0608 11/8/07 0.0 1.0 40 96
FOX 10.0608 11/16/07 0.0 1.0 111 43
FOX 10.0608 11/27/07 0.0 1.0 15 10
FOX 10.0608 12/13/07 0.0 1.0 0 0
FOX TOTAL: 382 304
H
LIVE DEAD
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/27/07 0.0 1.6 0 0

KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/4/07 0.0 3.2 1 0
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/15/07 0.0 3.2 27 1
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/07 0.0 3.2 28 4
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/8/07 0.0 3.2 38 17
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/15/07 0.0 3.2 5 0
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/28/07 0.0 3.2 0 0
KAPOWSIN TOTAL: 99 22
LIVE DEAD
O
OHOP 10.0600 10/18/07 0.0 1.0 0 0
OHOP 10.0600 11/8/07 0.0 0.5 2 0
OHOP TOTAL: 2 0
LIVE DEAD
RODY 10.0028 11/8/07 0.4 0.5 0 0

RODY 10.0028 11/20/07 0.4 0.5 0 0

RODY 10.0028 11/29/07 0.4 0.5 0 0

RODY 10.0028 12/6/07 0.4 0.5 0 0
RODY 10.0028 12/17/07 0.4 0.5 0 0
RODY TOTAL: 0 0
C
LIVE DEAD
SALMON 10.0035 9/27/07 0.0 0.5 0 0

SALMON 10.0035 10/4/07 0.0 0.5 1 0
SALMON 10.0035 10/15/07 0.0 0.5 3 0
SALMON 10.0035 10/24/07 0.0 0.5 0 0
SALMON 10.0035 11/8/07 0.0 0.5 2 0
SALMON 10.0035 11/20/07 0.0 0.5 0 0
SALMON 10.0035 12/5/07 0.0 0.5 0 0
SALMON TOTAL: 6 0
LIVE DEAD
O
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 9/27/07 0.0 0.1 0 0
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/4/07 0.0 0.1 1 0
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/15/07 0.0 0.1 0 0
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/24/07 0.0 0.1 0 0
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/8/07 0.0 0.1 1 0
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/5/07 0.0 0.1 0 0
SALMON TRIB TOTAL: 2 0
LIVE DEAD
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/26/07 0.0 0.3 4 0

SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/11/07 0.0 0.3 74 7
H
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/23/07 0.0 0.3 60 11
SILVER SPRINGS TOTAL: 138 18
LIVE DEAD
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/11/07 0.0 5.0 16 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL: 16 0
LIVE DEAD
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 10/22/07 0.0 0.4 12 0

SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 10/30/07 0.0 0.4 1 1
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/6/07 0.0 0.4 1 0
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/13/07 0.0 0.4 0 0
O
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/20/07 0.0 0.4 0 2
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/27/07 0.0 0.4 0 0
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 12/7/07 0.0 0.4 8 1
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 12/17/07 0.0 0.4 3 2
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 12/27/07 0.0 0.4 0 1
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/4/08 0.0 0.4 4 0
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/10/08 0.0 0.4 0 0
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/17/08 0.0 0.4 4 0

SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/25/08 0.0 0.4 1 1

SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/4/08 0.0 0.4 13 0
C
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/13/08 0.0 0.4 23 1
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/19/08 0.0 0.4 15 8
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/28/08 0.0 0.4 0 12
SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 3/8/08 0.0 0.4 0 1
SPIKETON TRIB TOTAL: 85 30
LIVE DEAD
SWAN 10.0003 11/8/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
O
SWAN 10.0003 11/20/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
SWAN 10.0003 11/29/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
SWAN 10.0003 12/6/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
SWAN TOTAL: 0 0
LIVE DEAD
SQUALLY 10.0024 11/8/07 0.0 0.2 0 0

SQUALLY 10.0024 11/20/07 0.0 0.2 0 0
H
SQUALLY 10.0024 11/29/07 0.0 0.2 0 0
SQUALLY 10.0024 12/6/07 0.0 0.2 0 0
SQUALLY TOTAL: 0 0
LIVE DEAD
WILKESON 10.0432 10/1/07 0.0 3.2 0 0

WILKESON 10.0432 10/11/07 0.0 3.2 19 0
WILKESON 10.0432 10/23/07 0.0 3.2 3 1
O
WILKESON 10.0432 11/2/07 0.0 3.2 7 2
WILKESON 10.0432 11/27/07 0.0 1.1 0 0
WILKESON 10.0432 12/7/07 0.0 1.1 0 0
WILKESON TOTAL: 29 3
LIVE DEAD

2007 PINK SPAWNING DATA

UPPER
STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. R.M. LIVE DEAD
BOISE 10.0057 8/21/07 0.0 2.2 0 0
BOISE 10.0057 9/5/07 0.0 2.2 620 2
BOISE 10.0057 9/14/07 2.2 4.5 1621 47
BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 8680 126
BOISE 10.0057 10/5/07 2.2 4.5 16460 2040
BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 9459 1878
BOISE 10.0057 10/17/07 2.2 4.5 8552 6682
BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 11190 5573
BOISE 10.0057 10/26/07 2.2 4.5 2900 3650
BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 671 71
BOISE 10.0057 11/5/07 0.0 4.5 1011 3681
BOISE 10.0057 11/16/07 0.0 4.5 0 0
BOISE 10.0057 11/27/07 0.0 4.5 0 0
BOISE TOTAL: 61,164 23,750
LIVE DEAD
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 8/23/07 0.3 0.6 0 0

CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/4/07 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/13/07 0.3 0.6 3 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/27/07 0.3 0.6 31 5
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/5/07 0.3 0.6 29 6
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/15/07 0.3 0.6 5 2
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/22/07 0.3 0.6 1 3
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/30/07 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 69 16
LIVE DEAD
CLARKS 10.0027 8/22/07 3.4 3.7 0 0

CLARKS 10.0027 9/4/07 3.4 3.7 0 0
CLARKS 10.0027 9/13/07 3.4 3.7 1 0
CLARKS 10.0027 9/27/07 3.4 3.7 590 19
CLARKS 10.0027 10/4/07 3.4 3.7 600 0
CLARKS 10.0027 10/15/07 3.4 3.7 16 162
CLARKS 10.0027 10/24/07 3.4 3.7 0 1
CLARKS TOTAL: 1,207 182
LIVE DEAD
CLEAR 10.0022 9/4/07 1.7 1.9 0 0

CLEAR 10.0022 9/13/07 1.7 1.9 0 0
CLEAR 10.0022 9/27/07 1.7 1.9 0 0
CLEAR 10.0022 10/4/07 1.7 1.9 39 15
CLEAR 10.0022 10/15/07 1.7 1.9 9 10
CLEAR 10.0022 10/24/07 1.7 1.9 2 0
CLEAR 10.0022 11/8/07 1.7 1.9 0 0
CLEAR TOTAL: 50 25
LIVE DEAD
CLEARWATER 10.0080 8/28/07 0.0 1.1 0 0
CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/14/07 0.0 1.1 1078 24

CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 611 19

CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/1/07 0.0 1.1 3109 665
CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 2120 370
CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/11/07 0.0 1.1 2641 563
CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 1603 312
CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/23/07 0.0 3.8 30 273
CLEARWATER TOTAL: 11,192 2,226
LIVE DEAD
FENNEL 10.0406 8/23/07 0.0 0.5 0 0

FENNEL 10.0406 9/4/07 0.0 0.5 1 0
FENNEL 10.0406 9/13/07 0.0 0.5 7 0
FENNEL 10.0406 9/27/07 0.0 0.5 1130 178
FENNEL 10.0406 10/5/07 0.0 1.5 1703 258
FENNEL 10.0406 10/15/07 0.0 1.5 602 332
FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.0 1.5 249 4
FENNEL 10.0406 10/30/07 0.0 0.5 17 0
FENNEL TOTAL: 3,709 772
LIVE DEAD
Data collected by
WDFW
GREENWATER 10.0122 9/12/07 11650 87
GREENWATER 10.0122 9/20/07 28490 1582
GREENWATER 10.0122 10/1/07 20541 12317
GREENWATER 10.0122 10/11/07 4845 7311
GREENWATER 10.0122 10/18/07 585 0
GREENWATER TOTAL: 66,111 21,297
LIVE DEAD
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 8/28/07 0.0 0.5 0 0

HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/14/07 0.0 0.5 1399 29
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/24/07 0.0 1.5 1859 442
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/11/07 0.0 1.5 395 1279
HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/23/07 0.5 1.5 5 50
HUCKLEBERRY TOTAL: 3,658 1,800
LIVE DEAD
HYLEBOS 10.0006 8/28/07 0.1 0.3 0 0

HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/12/07 0.1 0.3 1 0
HYLEBOS TOTAL: 1 0
LIVE DEAD
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/6/07 0.0 1.6 0 0

KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/13/07 0.0 1.6 2 0
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/27/07 0.0 1.6 165 15
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/4/07 0.0 3.6 90 31
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/15/07 0.0 3.6 17 12
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/07 0.0 3.6 0 0
KAPOWSIN TOTAL: 274 58
LIVE DEAD
SALMON 10.0036 9/12/07 0.0 0.5 0 0

SALMON 10.0036 9/27/07 0.0 0.5 98 5
SALMON 10.0036 10/4/07 0.0 0.5 47 6

SALMON 10.0036 10/15/07 0.0 0.5 3 2
SALMON 10.0036 10/31/07 0.0 0.5 0 0
SALMON TOTAL: 148 13
LIVE DEAD
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/6/07 0.0 0.3 0 0

SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/18/07 0.0 0.3 1 0
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/20/07 0.0 0.3 3 0
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/26/07 0.0 0.3 17 0
SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/11/07 0.0 0.3 2 5
SILVER
SPRINGS TOTAL: 23 5
LIVE DEAD
Data collected by
WDFW
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/20/2007 0.0 12.6 73 0
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/30/2007 0.0 12.6 22,312 4
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/6/2007 0.0 12.6 40,999 40
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/13/2007 0.0 12.6 74,053 136
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/18/2007 0.0 12.6 17,626 28
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/19/2007 0.0 12.6 63,565 595
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/20/2007 0.0 12.6 20,520 25
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/27/2007 0.0 12.6 130,735 10619
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/8/2007 0.0 12.6 37,209 9073
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/16/2007 0.0 12.6 16,603 14489
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/22/2007 0.0 12.6 1,420 986
SOUTH PRAIRE TOTAL: 425,115 35,995
LIVE DEAD
SWAN 10.0003 9/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0

SWAN 10.0003 9/13/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
SWAN 10.0003 9/27/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
SWAN 10.0003 10/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0
SWAN TOTAL: 0 0
LIVE DEAD
WILKESON 10.0432 8/21/07 0.0 1.0 0 0

WILKESON 10.0432 9/5/07 0.0 1.0 221 0
WILKESON 10.0432 9/17/07 0.0 1.3 929 7
WILKESON 10.0432 10/1/07 0.0 1.3 2180 123
WILKESON 10.0432 10/11/07 0.0 4.1 5501 2515
WILKESON 10.0432 10/23/07 0.0 4.1 752 545
WILKESON 10.0432 11/2/07 0.0 4.1 33 346
WILKESON 10.0432 11/27/07 0.0 4.1 0 0
WILKESON TOTAL: 9,616 3,536
LIVE DEAD

2007 CHUM SPAWNING DATA

STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER RM UPPER RM LIVE DEAD
CANYON 10.XXXX 11/20/07 1.0 1.2 0 0
CANYON 10.XXXX 11/29/07 1.0 1.2 0 0
CANYON 10.XXXX 12/6/07 1.0 1.2 38 0
CANYON 10.XXXX 12/13/07 1.0 1.2 38 27
CANYON 10.XXXX 12/27/07 1.0 1.2 17 20
CANYON 10.XXXX 1/7/08 1.0 1.2 6 12
CANYON 10.XXXX 1/17/08 1.0 1.2 0 0
CANYON TOTAL: 99 59
LIVE DEAD
Surveys conducted by
CHUM
WDFW
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/27/07 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/7/07 0.3 0.6 94 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/17/07 0.3 0.6 107 55
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/27/07 0.3 0.6 64 142
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/4/08 0.3 0.6 15 128
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/10/08 0.3 0.6 7 2
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/17/08 0.3 0.6 2 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/24/08 0.3 0.6 0 0
CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 289 327
LIVE DEAD
CARBON RIVER 10.0413 12/11/07 0.0 6.0 305 14

CARBON RIVER TOTAL: 305 14
LIVE DEAD
CLARKS 10.0027 11/20/07 3.4 3.7 0 0

CLARKS 10.0027 11/28/07 3.4 3.7 0 0
CLARKS 10.0027 12/7/07 3.4 3.7 329 51
CLARKS 10.0027 12/17/07 3.4 3.7 111 347
CLARKS 10.0027 12/27/07 3.4 3.7 46 44
CLARKS 10.0027 1/7/08 3.4 3.7 63 24
CLARKS 10.0027 1/17/08 3.4 3.7 5 0
CLARKS 10.0027 3.4 3.7
CLARKS 10.0027 3.4 3.7
CLARKS TOTAL: 554 466
LIVE DEAD
CLEAR 10.0022 11/8/07 1.7 1.9 0 0

CLEAR 10.0022 11/20/07 1.7 1.9 3 0
CLEAR 10.0022 11/29/07 1.7 1.9 20 1
CLEAR 10.0022 12/6/07 1.7 1.9 201 9
CLEAR 10.0022 12/13/07 1.7 1.9 184 114
CLEAR 10.0022 12/27/07 1.7 1.9 52 31
CLEAR 10.0022 1/7/08 1.7 1.9 18 11
CLEAR 10.0022 1/17/08 1.7 1.9 1 0
CLEAR TOTAL: 479 166
LIVE DEAD
WDFW
COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/7/07 0.0 0.6 12 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/17/07 0.0 0.6 4 1
COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/27/07 0.0 0.6 0 2
COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/4/08 0.0 0.6 0 0
COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/10/08 0.0 0.6 0 0
COAL MINE TOTAL: 16 3
LIVE DEAD
CHUM
DOLLAR 10.0412 12/11/07 0.0 0.1 1 1
DOLLAR TOTAL: 1 1
LIVE DEAD
WDFW
FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.1 1.9 0 0
FENNEL 10.0406 11/6/07 0.1 1.9 0 0
FENNEL 10.0406 11/13/07 0.1 1.9 8 11
FENNEL 10.0406 11/20/07 0.1 1.9 89 16
FENNEL 10.0406 11/27/07 0.1 1.9 111 28
FENNEL 10.0406 12/7/07 0.1 1.9 650 38
FENNEL 10.0406 12/17/07 0.1 1.9 584 495
FENNEL 10.0406 12/27/07 0.1 1.9 179 647
FENNEL 10.0406 1/4/08 0.1 1.9 79 608
FENNEL 10.0406 1/24/08 0.1 1.9 4 0
FENNEL TOTAL: 1,704 1,843
LIVE DEAD
WDFW
FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 10/22/07 0.0 0.1 0 0
FENNEL TOTAL: 55 538
LIVE DEAD
HYLEBOS 10.0006 12/6/07 0.1 0.7 1 4

HYLEBOS 10.0006 12/13/07 0.1 0.7 1 2
HYLEBOS 10.0006 0.1 0.4
HYLEBOS TOTAL: 2 6
LIVE DEAD
RODY 10.0028 11/20/07 0.4 0.6 0 0
RODY 10.0028 11/29/07 0.4 0.6 0 0
RODY 10.0028 12/6/07 0.4 0.6 1 0

RODY 10.0028 12/13/07 0.4 0.6 16 20
RODY 10.0028 12/27/07 0.4 0.6 3 14
RODY 10.0028 1/7/08 0.4 0.6 7 9
RODY 10.0028 1/17/08 0.4 0.6 0 0
RODY TOTAL: 27 43
LIVE DEAD
SALMON 10.0035 11/8/07 0.3 0.5 0 0
CHUM
SALMON 10.0035 11/20/07 0.3 0.5 4 0
SALMON 10.0035 12/13/07 0.3 0.5 6 1
SALMON 10.0035 12/27/07 0.0 0.5 7 8
SALMON 10.0035 1/7/08 0.3 0.5 2 1
SALMON 10.0035 1/17/08 0.3 0.5 1 0
SALMON TOTAL: 20 10
LIVE DEAD
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0

SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/5/07 0.0 0.1 6 4
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/13/07 0.0 0.1 19 22
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/27/07 0.0 0.1 16 23
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/7/08 0.0 0.1 7 2
SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/17/08 0.0 0.1 0 1
SALMON TRIB. TOTAL: 48 52
LIVE DEAD
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/11/07 0.0 0.0 718 233

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/28/07 0.0 10.2 67 72
SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL: 785 305
LIVE DEAD
WDFW
SPIKETON 10.0453 11/13/07 0 0
SPIKETON 10.0453 11/20/07 0 0
SPIKETON 10.0453 11/27/07 2 0
SPIKETON 10.0453 12/7/07 37 0
SPIKETON 10.0453 12/17/07 25 32
SPIKETON 10.0453 12/27/07 5 53
SPIKETON 10.0453 1/4/08 0 45
SPIKETON 10.0453 1/10/08 0 0
SPIKETON TOTAL: 69 130
LIVE DEAD
SQUALLY 10.0024 11/8/07 0.0 0.2 0 0

SQUALLY 10.0024 11/20/07 0.0 0.2 1 0
SQUALLY 10.0024 11/29/07 0.0 0.2 0 0
SQUALLY 10.0024 12/6/07 0.0 0.2 4 0
SQUALLY 10.0024 12/13/07 0.0 0.2 0 0
SQUALLY 10.0024 12/27/07 0.0 0.2 0 0
SQUALLY 10.0024 1/8/08 0.0 0.2 0 0

SQUALLY TOTAL: 5 0
LIVE DEAD
SWAN 10.0003 11/8/07 0.3 1.3 0 0

SWAN 10.0003 11/20/07 0.3 1.3 18 3
SWAN 10.0003 11/29/07 0.3 1.3 101 7
CHUM
SWAN 10.0003 12/6/07 0.3 1.3 333 5
SWAN 10.0003 12/13/07 0.3 1.3 689 138
SWAN 10.0003 12/27/07 0.3 1.3 53 446
SWAN 10.0003 1/8/08 0.3 1.3 2 1
SWAN TOTAL: 1,196 600
LIVE DEAD
WHITE RIVER 10.0031 12/19/07 7.0 23.4 0 5

WHITE RIVER TOTAL: 0 5
LIVE DEAD
WILKESON 10.0432 11/27/07 0.0 1.0 1 0

WILKESON 10.0432 12/7/07 0.0 1.0 23 0
WILKESON 10.0432 12/17/07 0.0 1.0 54 22
WILKESON 10.0432 12/28/07 0.0 1.0 10 0
WILKESON 10.0432 1/9/08 0.0 1.0 0 0
WILKESON TOTAL: 88 22
LIVE DEAD

2008 STEELHEAD SURVEY DATA

UPPER
STREAM
BOISE
BOISE
BOISE
SWRIA
10.0057
10.0057
10.0057
DATE
4/1/08
4/11/08
LOWER R.M.
0.0
2.2
0.0
R.M.
2.2
4.5
2.2
LIVE
0
0
0
DEAD
0
0
0
REDDS
2
5
1
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 0
T
BOISE 10.0057 4/25/08 0.0 2.2 0 0 1
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 2
BOISE 10.0057 5/7/08 0.0 2.2 2 0 6
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 1 0 9
BOISE 10.0057 5/28/08 0.0 2.2 1 0 1
E
BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 3 0 2
BOISE TOTAL 7 0 29
LIVE DEAD REDDS
E
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 3/26/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/7/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 1
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/16/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/28/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYONFALLS 10.0410 5/29/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0
CANYONFALLS TOTAL 0 0 1
Surveys con
ducted by WDFW
CARBON
L10.0413 3/27/08 0.0 6.5
LIVE
3
DEAD
0
REDDS
0
CARBON 10.0413 4/23/08 0.0 6.0 0 0 3
H
CARBON TOTAL 3 0 3
LIVE DEAD REDDS
CLARKS 10.0027 3/25/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 0

CLARKS 10.0027 4/7/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 1
CLARKS
CLARKS
CLARKS
E10.0027
10.0027
10.0027
4/16/08
4/28/08
5/29/08
CLARKS
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
TOTAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
LIVE DEAD REDDS
CLEAR
CLEAR
A10.0022
10.0022
3/25/08
4/8/08
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
CLEAR 10.0022 4/16/08 1.7 1.9 0 0 0
CLEAR
CLEAR
D10.0022
10.0022
4/28/08
5/29/08
CLEAR
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
TOTAL
LIVE
0
0
0
DEAD
0
0
0
REDDS
0
0
0
Surveys con
ducted by WDFW
CLEARWATER 10.0080 4/28/08 0.0 3.7 0 0 14
CLEARWATER 10.0080 5/5/08 0.0 2.3 2 0 8
10.0080 5/20/08 2.3 2.31 0 0 0

CLEARWATER
CLEARWATER TOTAL 2 0 22
FENNEL
S10.0406 3/26/08 0.0 0.7
LIVE
0
DEAD
0
REDDS
0
FENNEL 10.0406 4/8/08 0.0 0.7 0 0 0
FENNEL
FENNEL
FENNEL
T10.0406
10.0406
10.0406
4/16/08
4/28/08
5/29/08
FENNEL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
TOTAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LIVE DEAD REDDS
FOX
FOX
E10.0608
10.0608
4/2/08
4/24/08
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
FOX 10.0608 5/29/08 0.0 0.5 0 0 0
E
FOX TOTAL 0 0 0
LIVE DEAD REDDS
Surveys con
ducted by WDFW
GREENWATER UNSURVEYABLE
KAPOWSIN
KAPOWSIN
KAPOWSIN
L10.0600
10.0600
10.0600
4/2/08
4/24/08
5/8/08
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
KAPOWSIN 10.0600 5/29/08 0.0 3.2 0 0 1
KELLOG
H10.0621 3/21/08
KAPOWSIN
0.0
TOTAL
2.0
LIVE
0
2
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
5
4
KELLOG 10.0621 4/3/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 1
E
KELLOG 10.0621 4/17/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 0
KELLOG TOTAL 2 0 5
LIVE DEAD REDDS
LE DOUT 10.0620 3/21/08 0.0 0.3 0 0 1
A
LE DOUT 10.0620 4/3/08 0.0 0.3 0 0 0
LE DOUT 10.0620 4/17/08 0.0 0.3 0 0 1
LEDOUT TOTAL 0 0 2
LIVE DEAD REDDS
MEADOW 10.0630 4/25/08 0.0 1.3 0 0 0
NIESSON
D10.0622 3/21/08
MEADOW
0.0
TOTAL
2.5
LIVE
0
0
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
0
0
NIESSON 10.0622 4/3/08 0.0 2.5 0 0 0
NIESSON 10.0622 4/17/08 0.0 2.5 0 0 0
NIESSON TOTAL 0 0 0
LIVE DEAD REDDS

LOWER
PUYALLUP
PUYALLUP 10.0021 3/27/08 15.5 26.2 0 0 0
L. PUYALLUP TOTAL 0 0 0
LIVE DEAD REDDS
UPPER
S
PUYALLUP
PUYALLUP
PUYALLUP 10.0021 3/21/08 36 41.7 0 0 1
PUYALLUP 10.0021 4/3/08 36 41.7 0 0 4
PUYALLUP 10.0021 4/17/08 36 41.7 0 0 8
T
U. PUYALLUP TOTAL 0 0 13
LIVE DEAD REDDS
Surveys con
ducted by WDFW
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 2/27/08 0.3 5.6 0 0 0
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
E10.0429
10.0429
10.0429
3/11/08
3/20/08
3/21/08
8
8
0
12.6
12.6
8
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
3
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/31/08 0.3 12.6 0 0 9
E
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/10/08 0.3 12.6 0 0 26
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/18/08 0.3 12.6 3 0 25
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/25/08 0.3 8 2 0 25
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/28/08 8 12.6 1 0 10
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/7/08 0.3 8 13 0 18
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
SOUTH PRAIRIE
L10.0429
10.0429
10.0429
5/8/08
5/12/08
5/16/08
8
0
8
12.6
3
8.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/19/08 8 8.1 0 0 0
H
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/27/08 8 8.1 0 0 0
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 6/2/08 0.3 10.21 0 0 1
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 6/3/08 10.2 10.21 0 0 0
SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 6/5/08 8 8.01 0 0 0
SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL 21 0 129
SWAN
SWAN
SWAN
E10.0003
10.0003
10.0003
3/25/08
4/8/07
4/16/089
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SWAN 10.0003 4/28/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 0
SWAN
A10.0003 5/29/08 0.0

SWAN
2.0
TOTAL
LIVE
0
0
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
0
0
VOIGHT 10.0414 3/27/08 0.5 3.4 0 0 0

VOIGHT
VOIGHT
VOIGHT D10.0414
10.0414
10.0414
4/11/08
4/24/08
5/8/08
VOIGHTS
0.5
0.5
0.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
TOTAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
LIVE DEAD REDDS

WHITE RIVER 10.0031 3/28/08 7.5 24.3 0 0 0

WHITE RIVER
Surveys con
S10.0031 4/21/08 7.5
WHITE RIVER
24.3
TOTAL
LIVE
0
0
DEAD
0
0
REDDS
6
6
ducted by WDFW
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
T 10.043
10.043
10.043
3/20/08
3/20/08
3/20/08
4
3
4
4.5
4
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
WILKESON 10.043 3/20/08 4.5 5.1 0 0
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
E 10.043
10.043
10.043
3/20/08
3/31/08
3/31/08
5.1
0
3
6.1
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
WILKESON 10.043 3/31/08 4 4.5 0 0
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
E 10.043
10.043
10.043
3/31/08
3/31/08
4/14/08
4.5
5.1
3
5.1
6.1
3.01
0
0
0
0
0
0
WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 0 3 1 6
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
L 10.043
10.043
10.043
4/17/08
4/17/08
4/17/08
3
4
4.5
4
4.5
5.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 5.1 6.1 0 1
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
H 10.043
10.043
10.043
4/24/08
4/24/08
4/24/08
0
3
4
3
4
4.5
1
1
0
6
2
0
WILKESON 10.043 4/24/08 4.5 5.1 1 2
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
E 10.043
10.043
10.043
4/24/08
5/5/08
5/5/08
5.1
0
3
6.1
3
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
WILKESON 10.043 5/5/08 4 4.5 0 1
WILKESON
WILKESON
WILKESON
A 10.043
10.043
10.043
5/5/08
5/5/08
5/12/08
4.5
5.1
0
5.1
6.1
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 3 4 0 0
D
WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 4 4.5 0 0
WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 4.5 5.1 0 0
WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 5.1 6.1 0 0
WILKESON 10.043 6/3/08 5.1 5.11 0 0
WILKESON 10.043 6/5/08 3 3.01 0 0
WILKESON TOTAL 4 0 22
LIVE DEAD REDDS
Redd totals do not include redds observed above Buckley on the White River
LIVE DEAD REDDS
TOTALS: 37 0 218

BUCKLEY TRAP: 20072008

SALMON AND STEELHEAD
TRANSPORTED ABOVE MUD
MOUNTAIN DAM
APPENDIX E
Statistical Adults Jacks

Date
Week Total Cumulative Run% Total Cumulative Run%
Monday, May 07, 2001 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, May 08, 2001 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, May 09, 2001 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
19 Thursday, May 10, 2001 1 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, May 11, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, May 12, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, May 13, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
20 Monday, May 14, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, May 15, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, May 16, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Thursday, May 17, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, May 18, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, May 19, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, May 20, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%
Monday, May 21, 2001 1 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
WILD
Tuesday, May 22, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, May 23, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
21 Thursday, May 24, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, May 25, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, May 26, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, May 27, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Monday, May 28, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, May 29, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
CHINOOK
Wednesday, May 30, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
22 Thursday, May 31, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, June 01, 2001 2 4 0.14% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, June 02, 2001 0 4 0.14% 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, June 03, 2001 0 4 0.14% 0 0 0.00%
Monday, June 04, 2001 1 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, June 05, 2001 0 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, June 06, 2001 0 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00%
2007
23 Thursday, June 07, 2001 0 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, June 08, 2001 1 6 0.21% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, June 09, 2001 0 6 0.21% 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, June 10, 2001 0 6 0.21% 0 0 0.00%
Monday, June 11, 2001 3 9 0.32% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, June 12, 2001 0 9 0.32% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, June 13, 2001 20 29 1.03% 2 2 2.99%
24 Thursday, June 14, 2001 0 29 1.03% 0 2 2.99%
Friday, June 15, 2001 37 66 2.34% 0 2 2.99%
Saturday, June 16, 2001 0 66 2.34% 0 2 2.99%
Sunday, June 17, 2001 0 66 2.34% 0 2 2.99%
Monday, June 18, 2001 18 84 2.98% 0 2 2.99%
Tuesday, June 19, 2001 6 90 3.19% 0 2 2.99%
Wednesday, June 20, 2001 7 97 3.44% 1 3 4.48%
25 Thursday, June 21, 2001 27 124 4.40% 1 4 5.97%
Friday, June 22, 2001 13 137 4.86% 0 4 5.97%
Saturday, June 23, 2001 0 137 4.86% 0 4 5.97%
Sunday, June 24, 2001 0 137 4.86% 0 4 5.97%
Monday, June 25, 2001 28 165 5.85% 1 5 7.46%
Tuesday, June 26, 2001 9 174 6.17% 0 5 7.46%
26
Wednesday, June 27, 2001 14 188 6.67% 1 6 8.96%
Thursday, June 28, 2001 17 205 7.27% 0 6 8.96%


Date
Friday, June 29, 2001 15 220 7.80% 1 7 10.45%
Saturday, June 30, 2001 0 220 7.80% 0 7 10.45%
Sunday, July 01, 2001 0 220 7.80% 0 7 10.45%
Monday, July 02, 2001 36 256 9.08% 2 9 13.43%
Tuesday, July 03, 2001 17 273 9.68% 1 10 14.93%
Wednesday, July 04, 2001 0 273 9.68% 0 10 14.93%
27 Thursday, July 05, 2001 36 309 10.96% 2 12 17.91%
Friday, July 06, 2001 14 323 11.46% 0 12 17.91%
Saturday, July 07, 2001 0 323 11.46% 0 12 17.91%
Sunday, July 08, 2001 0 323 11.46% 0 12 17.91%
Monday, July 09, 2001 8 331 11.74% 0 12 17.91%
Tuesday, July 10, 2001 4 335 11.88% 0 12 17.91%
WILD
Wednesday, July 11, 2001 14 349 12.38% 1 13 19.40%
28 Thursday, July 12, 2001 9 358 12.70% 2 15 22.39%
Friday, July 13, 2001 3 361 12.81% 0 15 22.39%
Saturday, July 14, 2001 0 361 12.81% 0 15 22.39%
Sunday, July 15, 2001 0 361 12.81% 0 15 22.39%
Monday, July 16, 2001 10 371 13.16% 0 15 22.39%
Tuesday, July 17, 2001 5 376 13.34% 0 15 22.39%
Wednesday, July 18, 2001 8 384 13.62% 0 15 22.39%
CHINOOK
29 Thursday, July 19, 2001 10 394 13.98% 0 15 22.39%
Friday, July 20, 2001 2 396 14.05% 0 15 22.39%
Saturday, July 21, 2001 0 396 14.05% 0 15 22.39%
Sunday, July 22, 2001 0 396 14.05% 0 15 22.39%
Monday, July 23, 2001 25 421 14.93% 0 15 22.39%
Tuesday, July 24, 2001 0 421 14.93% 0 15 22.39%
Wednesday, July 25, 2001 11 432 15.32% 0 15 22.39%
30 Thursday, July 26, 2001 13 445 15.79% 0 15 22.39%
2007
Friday, July 27, 2001 12 457 16.21% 1 16 23.88%
Saturday, July 28, 2001 0 457 16.21% 0 16 23.88%
Sunday, July 29, 2001 0 457 16.21% 0 16 23.88%
Monday, July 30, 2001 33 490 17.38% 3 19 28.36%
Tuesday, July 31, 2001 16 506 17.95% 1 20 29.85%
Wednesday, August 01, 2001 14 520 18.45% 0 20 29.85%
31 Thursday, August 02, 2001 12 532 18.87% 0 20 29.85%
Friday, August 03, 2001 18 550 19.51% 1 21 31.34%
Saturday, August 04, 2001 0 550 19.51% 0 21 31.34%
Sunday, August 05, 2001 0 550 19.51% 0 21 31.34%
Monday, August 06, 2001 26 576 20.43% 1 22 32.84%
Tuesday, August 07, 2001 4 580 20.57% 1 23 34.33%
32 Thursday, August 09, 2001 0 592 21.00% 0 24 35.82%
Friday, August 10, 2001 11 603 21.39% 1 25 37.31%
Saturday, August 11, 2001 0 603 21.39% 0 25 37.31%
Sunday, August 12, 2001 0 603 21.39% 0 25 37.31%
Monday, August 13, 2001 5 608 21.57% 0 25 37.31%
Tuesday, August 14, 2001 0 608 21.57% 0 25 37.31%
33 Thursday, August 16, 2001 2 623 22.10% 0 27 40.30%
Friday, August 17, 2001 8 631 22.38% 0 27 40.30%
Saturday, August 18, 2001 0 631 22.38% 0 27 40.30%
Sunday, August 19, 2001 0 631 22.38% 0 27 40.30%
34 Monday, August 20, 2001 25 656 23.27% 3 30 44.78%


Date
Tuesday, August 21, 2001 8 664 23.55% 4 34 50.75%
Thursday, August 23, 2001 27 697 24.73% 14 48 71.64%
Friday, August 24, 2001 10 707 25.08% 1 49 73.13%
Saturday, August 25, 2001 9 716 25.40% 2 51 76.12%
Sunday, August 26, 2001 5 721 25.58% 1 52 77.61%
Monday, August 27, 2001 23 744 26.39% 4 56 83.58%
Tuesday, August 28, 2001 12 756 26.82% 5 61 91.04%
35 Thursday, August 30, 2001 11 768 27.24% 0 61 91.04%
WILD
Friday, August 31, 2001 62 830 29.44% 0 61 91.04%
Saturday, September 01, 2001 41 871 30.90% 1 62 92.54%
Sunday, September 02, 2001 28 899 31.89% 2 64 95.52%
Monday, September 03, 2001 23 922 32.71% 3 67 100.00%
Tuesday, September 04, 2001 39 961 34.09% 0 67 100.00%
Wednesday, September 05, 2001 29 990 35.12% 0 67 100.00%
36 Thursday, September 06, 2001 52 1042 36.96% 0 67 100.00%
Friday, September 07, 2001 50 1092 38.74% 0 67 100.00%
CHINOOK
2007
Monday, October 01, 2001 51 2629 93.26% 0 67 100.00%
Tuesday, October 02, 2001 37 2666 94.57% 0 67 100.00%
Wednesday, October 03, 2001 66 2732 96.91% 0 67 100.00%
40 Thursday, October 04, 2001 31 2763 98.01% 0 67 100.00%
Friday, October 05, 2001 0 2763 98.01% 0 67 100.00%
Saturday, October 06, 2001 8 2771 98.30% 0 67 100.00%
Sunday, October 07, 2001 12 2783 98.72% 0 67 100.00%
Monday, October 08, 2001 9 2792 99.04% 0 67 100.00%
Tuesday, October 09, 2001 3 2795 99.15% 0 67 100.00%
41 Wednesday, October 10, 2001 6 2801 99.36% 0 67 100.00%
Thursday, October 11, 2001 5 2806 99.54% 0 67 100.00%
Friday, October 12, 2001 8 2814 99.82% 0 67 100.00%


Date
WILD
Sunday, October 14, 2001 3 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%
Monday, October 15, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%
Tuesday, October 16, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%
Wednesday, October 17, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%
CHINOOK 2007
42 Thursday, October 18, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%
Friday, October 19, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%
Sunday, October 21, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%

Date
Week Total Cumulative Run % Total Cumulative Run %
Monday, May 07, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, May 08, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, May 09, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
19 Thursday, May 10, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, May 11, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, May 12, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, May 13, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
20 Monday, May 14, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, May 15, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, May 16, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Thursday, May 17, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, May 18, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, May 19, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
ACCLIMATION
Sunday, May 20, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Monday, May 21, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Tuesday, May 22, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, May 23, 2007 1 1 0.06% 0 0 0.00%
21 Thursday, May 24, 2007 0 1 0.06% 0 0 0.00%
Friday, May 25, 2007 0 1 0.06% 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, May 26, 2007 0 1 0.06% 0 0 0.00%
22
CHINOOK Sunday, May 27, 2007
Monday, May 28, 2007
Tuesday, May 29, 2007
Wednesday, May 30, 2007
Thursday, May 31, 2007
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0.06%
0.06%
0.06%
0.06%
0.06%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Friday, June 01, 2007 6 7 0.42% 1 1 2.08%
2007
Saturday, June 02, 2007 0 7 0.42% 0 1 2.08%
Sunday, June 03, 2007 0 7 0.42% 0 1 2.08%
Monday, June 04, 2007 12 19 1.13% 0 1 2.08%
Tuesday, June 05, 2007 0 19 1.13% 0 1 2.08%
Wednesday, June 06, 2007 0 19 1.13% 0 1 2.08%
23 Thursday, June 07, 2007 0 19 1.13% 0 1 2.08%
Friday, June 08, 2007 3 22 1.31% 0 1 2.08%
Saturday, June 09, 2007 0 22 1.31% 0 1 2.08%
Sunday, June 10, 2007 0 22 1.31% 0 1 2.08%
Monday, June 11, 2007 22 44 2.62% 0 1 2.08%
Tuesday, June 12, 2007 0 44 2.62% 0 1 2.08%
24
Wednesday, June 13, 2007 60 104 6.20% 0 1 2.08%
Thursday, June 14, 2007 0 104 6.20% 0 1 2.08%


Date
Friday, June 15, 2007
89 193 11.51% 0 1 2.08%
Saturday, June 16, 2007 0 193 11.51% 0 1 2.08%
Sunday, June 17, 2007 0 193 11.51% 0 1 2.08%
Monday, June 18, 2007 83 276 16.46% 0 1 2.08%
Tuesday, June 19, 2007 35 311 18.55% 0 1 2.08%
Wednesday, June 20, 2007 28 339 20.21% 0 1 2.08%
25 Thursday, June 21, 2007 65 404 24.09% 0 1 2.08%
Friday, June 22, 2007 42 446 26.60% 0 1 2.08%
Saturday, June 23, 2007 0 446 26.60% 0 1 2.08%
Sunday, June 24, 2007 0 446 26.60% 0 1 2.08%
26 Monday, June 25, 2007 83 529 31.54% 0 1 2.08%
Tuesday, June 26, 2007 28 557 33.21% 0 1 2.08%
Wednesday, June 27, 2007 40 597 35.60% 0 1 2.08%
Thursday, June 28, 2007 69 666 39.71% 0 1 2.08%
Friday, June 29, 2007 60 726 43.29% 1 2 4.17%
Saturday, June 30, 2007 0 726 43.29% 0 2 4.17%
27
ACCLIMATIONSunday, July 01, 2007
Monday, July 02, 2007
Tuesday, July 03, 2007
Wednesday, July 04, 2007
Thursday, July 05, 2007
0
139
44
0
84
726
865
909
909
993
43.29%
51.58%
54.20%
54.20%
59.21%
0
2
1
0
1
2
4
5
5
6
4.17%
8.33%
10.42%
10.42%
12.50%
Friday, July 06, 2007 44 1037 61.84% 1 7 14.58%
CHINOOK
Saturday, July 07, 2007 0 1037 61.84% 0 7 14.58%
Sunday, July 08, 2007 0 1037 61.84% 0 7 14.58%
Monday, July 09, 2007 25 1062 63.33% 1 8 16.67%
Tuesday, July 10, 2007 26 1088 64.88% 1 9 18.75%
Wednesday, July 11, 2007 46 1134 67.62% 1 10 20.83%
28 Thursday, July 12, 2007 20 1154 68.81% 0 10 20.83%
Friday, July 13, 2007 3 1157 68.99% 0 10 20.83%
2007 Saturday, July 14, 2007

Sunday, July 15, 2007
Monday, July 16, 2007
Tuesday, July 17, 2007
Wednesday, July 18, 2007
0
0
26
15
24
1157
1157
1183
1198
1222
68.99%
68.99%
70.54%
71.44%
72.87%
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
10
10
10
20.83%
20.83%
20.83%
20.83%
20.83%
29 Thursday, July 19, 2007 24 1246 74.30% 3 13 27.08%
Friday, July 20, 2007 12 1258 75.01% 1 14 29.17%
Saturday, July 21, 2007 0 1258 75.01% 0 14 29.17%
Sunday, July 22, 2007 0 1258 75.01% 0 14 29.17%
Monday, July 23, 2007 53 1311 78.18% 1 15 31.25%
Tuesday, July 24, 2007 0 1311 78.18% 0 15 31.25%
Wednesday, July 25, 2007 22 1333 79.49% 2 17 35.42%
30 Thursday, July 26, 2007 25 1358 80.98% 4 21 43.75%
Friday, July 27, 2007 23 1381 82.35% 1 22 45.83%
Saturday, July 28, 2007 0 1381 82.35% 0 22 45.83%
Sunday, July 29, 2007 0 1381 82.35% 0 22 45.83%
Monday, July 30, 2007 85 1466 87.42% 1 23 47.92%
Tuesday, July 31, 2007 23 1489 88.79% 1 24 50.00%
31 Thursday, August 02, 2007 23 1526 91.00% 2 31 64.58%
Friday, August 03, 2007 24 1550 92.43% 4 35 72.92%
Saturday, August 04, 2007 0 1550 92.43% 0 35 72.92%
Sunday, August 05, 2007 0 1550 92.43% 0 35 72.92%

Date
1584 94.45% 38 79.17%
Monday, August 06, 2007 34 3

32 Tuesday, August 07, 2007 14 1598 95.29% 0 38 79.17%
Thursday, August 09, 2007 0 1610 96.00% 0 40 83.33%
Friday, August 10, 2007 14 1624 96.84% 0 40 83.33%
Saturday, August 11, 2007 0 1624 96.84% 0 40 83.33%
Sunday, August 12, 2007 0 1624 96.84% 0 40 83.33%
Monday, August 13, 2007 1 1625 96.90% 0 40 83.33%
Tuesday, August 14, 2007 0 1625 96.90% 0 40 83.33%
33 Thursday, August 16, 2007 10 1642 97.91% 2 43 89.58%
Friday, August 17, 2007 7 1649 98.33% 2 45 93.75%
Saturday, August 18, 2007 0 1649 98.33% 0 45 93.75%
Sunday, August 19, 2007 0 1649 98.33% 0 45 93.75%
34 Monday, August 20, 2007 16 1665 99.28% 0 45 93.75%
Tuesday, August 21, 2007 4 1669 99.52% 3 48 100.00%
ACCLIMATION
Thursday, August 23, 2007
Friday, August 24, 2007
Saturday, August 25, 2007
Sunday, August 26, 2007
Monday, August 27, 2007
3
0
0
0
0
1677
1677
1677
1677
1677
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
0
0
0
0
0
48
48
48
48
48
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
Tuesday, August 28, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00%
CHINOOK
35 Thursday, August 30, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00%
Friday, August 31, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00%
36
2007
Wednesday, September 05,
Thursday, September 06, 2007
Friday, September 07, 2007
Saturday, September 08, 2007
Sunday, September 09, 2007
0
0
0
0
0
1677
1677
1677
1677
1677
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
0
0
0
0
0
48
48
48
48
48
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%

Statistical Week Date Total Cumulative Run Percentage

Monday, July 30, 2007 0 0.00%
Tuesday, July 31, 2007 0 0.00%
Wednesday, August 01, 2007 0 0.00%
31 Thursday, August 02, 2007 0 0.00%
Friday, August 03, 2007 0 0.00%
Saturday, August 04, 2007 0 0.00%
Sunday, August 05, 2007 0 0.00%
32 Monday, August 06, 2007 2 2 0.02%
Tuesday, August 07, 2007 2 0.02%
Wednesday, August 08, 2007 7 9 0.07%
Thursday, August 09, 2007 9 0.07%
Friday, August 10, 2007 5 14 0.11%
Sunday, August 12, 2007 14 0.11%
Monday, August 13, 2007 5 19 0.15%
Tuesday, August 14, 2007 19 0.15%
COHO
33 Thursday, August 16, 2007 29 79 0.62%
Friday, August 17, 2007 14 93 0.73%
Sunday, August 19, 2007 93 0.73%
Monday, August 20, 2007 114 207 1.63%
Tuesday, August 21, 2007 117 324 2.55%
34 Thursday, August 23, 2007 43 414 3.25%
Friday, August 24, 2007 32 446 3.51%
2007
Saturday, August 25, 2007 108 554 4.36%
Sunday, August 26, 2007 32 586 4.61%
Monday, August 27, 2007 81 667 5.24%
Tuesday, August 28, 2007 130 797 6.27%
35 Thursday, August 30, 2007 65 916 7.20%
Friday, August 31, 2007 95 1,011 7.95%
Saturday, September 01, 2007 31 1,042 8.19%
Sunday, September 02, 2007 109 1,151 9.05%
Monday, September 03, 2007 65 1,216 9.56%
Tuesday, September 04, 2007 121 1,337 10.51%
Wednesday, September 05, 2007 89 1,426 11.21%
36 Thursday, September 06, 2007 113 1,539 12.10%
Friday, September 07, 2007 130 1,669 13.12%
38 Wednesday, September 19, 2007 432 4,210 33.10%
Thursday, September 20, 2007 270 4,480 35.22%


40 Monday, October 01, 2007 460 8,027 63.11%
Tuesday, October 02, 2007 322 8,349 65.64%
Wednesday, October 03, 2007 457 8,806 69.24%
Thursday, October 04, 2007 187 8,993 70.71%
Friday, October 05, 2007 100 9,093 71.49%
COHO
Saturday, October 06, 2007 67 9,160 72.02%
Sunday, October 07, 2007 60 9,220 72.49%
Monday, October 08, 2007 66 9,286 73.01%
Tuesday, October 09, 2007 161 9,447 74.27%
41 Thursday, October 11, 2007 225 10,106 79.46%
Friday, October 12, 2007 201 10,307 81.04%
Sunday, October 14, 2007 127 10,594 83.29%
Monday, October 15, 2007 109 10,703 84.15%
2007
Tuesday, October 16, 2007 94 10,797 84.89%
Friday, October 19, 2007 10,848 85.29%
Sunday, October 21, 2007 202 11,245 88.41%
Monday, October 22, 2007 187 11,432 89.88%
Tuesday, October 23, 2007 188 11,620 91.36%
Friday, October 26, 2007 60 12,012 94.44%
Sunday, October 28, 2007 12,054 94.77%
Monday, October 29, 2007 49 12,103 95.16%
Tuesday, October 30, 2007 22 12,125 95.33%
44 Thursday, November 01, 2007 6 12,142 95.46%
Friday, November 02, 2007 34 12,176 95.73%
Saturday, November 03, 2007 12,176 95.73%
Sunday, November 04, 2007 12,176 95.73%
Monday, November 05, 2007 57 12,233 96.18%
Tuesday, November 06, 2007 12,233 96.18%
Wednesday, November 07, 2007 24 12,257 96.37%
45 Thursday, November 08, 2007 19 12,276 96.52%
Friday, November 09, 2007 31 12,307 96.76%
Sunday, November 11, 2007 12,307 96.76%
Monday, November 12, 2007 12,307 96.76%
46


Thursday, November 15, 2007 12,452 97.90%
Friday, November 16, 2007 16 12,468 98.03%
Sunday, November 18, 2007 12,468 98.03%
Monday, November 19, 2007 12,468 98.03%
47 Thursday, November 22, 2007 12,534 98.55%
Friday, November 23, 2007 12,534 98.55%
Sunday, November 25, 2007 12,534 98.55%
48 Monday, November 26, 2007 6 12,540 98.59%
Thursday, November 29, 2007 12,549 98.66%
COHO
Friday, November 30, 2007 3 12,552 98.69%
Saturday, December 01, 2007 12,552 98.69%
Sunday, December 02, 2007 12,552 98.69%
Monday, December 03, 2007 12,552 98.69%
Tuesday, December 04, 2007 11 12,563 98.77%
Wednesday, December 05, 2007 7 12,570 98.83%
49 Thursday, December 06, 2007 6 12,576 98.88%
Friday, December 07, 2007 12,576 98.88%
Sunday, December 09, 2007 12,576 98.88%
2007
Monday, December 10, 2007 12,576 98.88%
Tuesday, December 11, 2007 12,576 98.88%
50 Thursday, December 13, 2007 12,593 99.01%
Friday, December 14, 2007 17 12,610 99.14%
Sunday, December 16, 2007 12,610 99.14%
Monday, December 17, 2007 12,610 99.14%
Friday, December 21, 2007 12,611 99.15%
Sunday, December 23, 2007 12,611 99.15%
Monday, December 24, 2007 12,611 99.15%
Friday, December 28, 2007 12,619 99.21%
Sunday, December 30, 2007 12,619 99.21%
53 Monday, December 31, 2007 12,619 99.21%
Tuesday, January 01, 2008 12,619 99.21%
Wednesday, January 02, 2008 12,619 99.21%
1
Thursday, January 03, 2008 12,619 99.21%
Friday, January 04, 2008 12,619 99.21%

Saturday, January 05, 2008 12,619 99.21%

Sunday, January 06, 2008 12,619 99.21%
Monday, January 07, 2008 12,619 99.21%
Tuesday, January 08, 2008 12,619 99.21%
2 Thursday, January 10, 2008 12,619 99.21%
Friday, January 11, 2008 8 12,627 99.28%
Sunday, January 13, 2008 12,627 99.28%
Monday, January 14, 2008 55 12,682 99.71%
Tuesday, January 15, 2008 12,682 99.71%
Wednesday, January 16, 2008 8 12,690 99.77%
Friday, January 18, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Sunday, January 20, 2008 12,690 99.77%
4 Monday, January 21, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Tuesday, January 22, 2008 12,690 99.77%
COHO
Thursday, January 24, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Friday, January 25, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Sunday, January 27, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Monday, January 28, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Tuesday, January 29, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Friday, February 01, 2008 12,690 99.77%
2007
Saturday, February 02, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Sunday, February 03, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Monday, February 04, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Tuesday, February 05, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Wednesday, February 06, 2008 12,690 99.77%
6 Thursday, February 07, 2008 12,690 99.77%
Friday, February 08, 2008 4 12,694 99.80%
Sunday, February 10, 2008 12,694 99.80%
Monday, February 11, 2008 24 12,718 99.99%
Tuesday, February 12, 2008 12,718 99.99%
Wednesday, February 13, 2008 1 12,719 100.00%
7 Thursday, February 14, 2008 12,719 100.00%
Friday, February 15, 2008 12,719 100.00%
Sunday, February 17, 2008 12,719 100.00%

Statistical Week Date Total Cumulative Run %
Monday, August 13, 2007 2 0.00%

Tuesday, August 14, 2007 2 0.00%
33 Wednesday, August 15, 2007 2 0.00%
Thursday, August 16, 2007 2 4 0.00%
Friday, August 17, 2007 4 0.00%
Sunday, August 19, 2007 4 0.00%
34 Monday, August 20, 2007 309 313 0.25%
Tuesday, August 21, 2007 83 396 0.31%
Thursday, August 23, 2007 263 979 0.77%
Friday, August 24, 2007 368 1,347 1.06%
PINK
Saturday, August 25, 2007 721 2,068 1.62%
Sunday, August 26, 2007 1212 3,280 2.57%
Monday, August 27, 2007 1918 5,198 4.08%
Tuesday, August 28, 2007 1904 7,102 5.57%
Wednesday, August 29, 2007 651 7,753 6.08%
35 Thursday, August 30, 2007 1929 9,682 7.59%
Friday, August 31, 2007 2660 12,342 9.68%
2007
Monday, October 01, 2007 3355 115,916 90.89%
Tuesday, October 02, 2007 2542 118,458 92.88%
40

Statistical Week Date Total Cumulative Run %
Friday, October 05, 2007 993 122,140 95.77%

Sunday, October 07, 2007 955 124,374 97.52%
Monday, October 08, 2007 1263 125,637 98.51%
Tuesday, October 09, 2007 725 126,362 99.08%
Friday, October 12, 2007 119 127,360 99.86%
Sunday, October 14, 2007 56 127,475 99.95%
42 Monday, October 15, 2007 9 127,484 99.96%
Tuesday, October 16, 2007 7 127,491 99.96%
PINK
Friday, October 19, 2007 127,493 99.96%
Sunday, October 21, 2007 10 127,528 99.99%
Monday, October 22, 2007 9 127,537 99.997%
Tuesday, October 23, 2007 2 127,539 99.998%
43 Thursday, October 25, 2007 127,541 100.000%
Friday, October 26, 2007 127,541 100.000%
2007
Saturday, October 27, 2007 127,541 100.000%
Sunday, October 28, 2007 127,541 100.000%


Tuesday, January 01, 2008 0 0 0.00%
Wednesday, January 02, 2008 0 0 0.00%
Thursday, January 03, 2008 0 0 0.00%
1
Friday, January 04, 2008 0 0 0.00%
Saturday, January 05, 2008 0 0 0.00%
Sunday, January 06, 2008 0 0 0.00%
Monday, January 07, 2008 0 0 0.00%
2 Thursday, January 10, 2008 0 0 0.00%
Friday, January 11, 2008 2 2 0.97%
Sunday, January 13, 2008 0 2 0.97%
3 Monday, January 14, 2008 2 4 1.93%
STEELHEAD
Thursday, January 17, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Friday, January 18, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Sunday, January 20, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Monday, January 21, 2008 0 4 1.93%
2008
Friday, January 25, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Sunday, January 27, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Monday, January 28, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Friday, February 01, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Saturday, February 02, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Sunday, February 03, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Monday, February 04, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Tuesday, February 05, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Wednesday, February 06, 2008 0 4 1.93%
6 Thursday, February 07, 2008 0 4 1.93%
Friday, February 08, 2008 2 6 2.90%
Sunday, February 10, 2008 0 6 2.90%
Monday, February 11, 2008 4 10 4.83%
Friday, February 15, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Sunday, February 17, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Monday, February 18, 2008 0 11 5.31%
8
Thursday, February 21, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Friday, February 22, 2008 0 11 5.31%

Sunday, February 24, 2008 0 11 5.31%

Monday, February 25, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Friday, February 29, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Saturday, March 01, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Sunday, March 02, 2008 0 11 5.31%
10 Monday, March 03, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Tuesday, March 04, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Wednesday, March 05, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Thursday, March 06, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Friday, March 07, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Saturday, March 08, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Sunday, March 09, 2008 0 11 5.31%
STEELHEAD
Monday, March 10, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Tuesday, March 11, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Wednesday, March 12, 2008 0 11 5.31%
11 Thursday, March 13, 2008 0 11 5.31%
Friday, March 14, 2008 10 21 10.14%
Saturday, March 15, 2008 0 21 10.14%
Sunday, March 16, 2008 0 21 10.14%
Monday, March 17, 2008 0 21 10.14%
Tuesday, March 18, 2008 0 21 10.14%
2008
12
Wednesday, March 19, 2008
Thursday, March 20, 2008
Friday, March 21, 2008
Saturday, March 22, 2008
Sunday, March 23, 2008
Monday, March 24, 2008
1
0
0
0
0
0
22
22
22
22
22
22
10.63%
10.63%
10.63%
10.63%
10.63%
10.63%
Tuesday, March 25, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Wednesday, March 26, 2008 0 22 10.63%
13 Thursday, March 27, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Friday, March 28, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Saturday, March 29, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Sunday, March 30, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Monday, March 31, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Tuesday, April 01, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Wednesday, April 02, 2008 0 22 10.63%
14 Thursday, April 03, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Friday, April 04, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Saturday, April 05, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Sunday, April 06, 2008 0 22 10.63%
Monday, April 07, 2008 1 23 11.11%
Tuesday, April 08, 2008 0 23 11.11%
Wednesday, April 09, 2008 0 23 11.11%
15 Thursday, April 10, 2008 0 23 11.11%
Friday, April 11, 2008 2 25 12.08%
Saturday, April 12, 2008 0 25 12.08%
Sunday, April 13, 2008 0 25 12.08%
Monday, April 14, 2008 74 99 47.83%
16 Tuesday, April 15, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Wednesday, April 16, 2008 0 99 47.83%


Thursday, April 17, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Friday, April 18, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Saturday, April 19, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Sunday, April 20, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Monday, April 21, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Tuesday, April 22, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Wednesday, April 23, 2008 0 99 47.83%
17 Thursday, April 24, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Friday, April 25, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Saturday, April 26, 2008 0 99 47.83%
Sunday, April 27, 2008 0 99 47.83%
18 Monday, April 28, 2008 1 100 48.31%
Tuesday, April 29, 2008 0 100 48.31%
Wednesday, April 30, 2008 10 110 53.14%
Thursday, May 01, 2008 0 110 53.14%
STEELHEAD
Friday, May 02, 2008 0 110 53.14%
Saturday, May 03, 2008 0 110 53.14%
Sunday, May 04, 2008 0 110 53.14%
Monday, May 05, 2008 1 111 53.62%
Tuesday, May 06, 2008 0 111 53.62%
Wednesday, May 07, 2008 40 151 72.95%
19 Thursday, May 08, 2008 0 151 72.95%
Friday, May 09, 2008 6 157 75.85%
2008
Saturday, May 10, 2008 0 157 75.85%
Sunday, May 11, 2008 0 157 75.85%
Monday, May 12, 2008 14 171 82.61%
Tuesday, May 13, 2008 0 171 82.61%
Wednesday, May 14, 2008 3 174 84.06%
20 Thursday, May 15, 2008 0 174 84.06%
Friday, May 16, 2008 8 182 87.92%
Saturday, May 17, 2008 0 182 87.92%
Sunday, May 18, 2008 0 182 87.92%
Monday, May 19, 2008 3 185 89.37%
Tuesday, May 20, 2008 0 185 89.37%
Wednesday, May 21, 2008 9 194 93.72%
21 Thursday, May 22, 2008 0 194 93.72%
Friday, May 23, 2008 4 198 95.65%
Saturday, May 24, 2008 0 198 95.65%
Sunday, May 25, 2008 0 198 95.65%
Monday, May 26, 2008 0 198 95.65%
Tuesday, May 27, 2008 7 205 99.03%
Wednesday, May 28, 2008 0 205 99.03%
22 Thursday, May 29, 2008 0 205 99.03%
Friday, May 30, 2008 1 206 99.52%
Saturday, May 31, 2008 0 206 99.52%
Sunday, June 01, 2008 0 206 99.52%
Monday, June 02, 2008 1 207 100.00%
Tuesday, June 03, 2008 0 207 100.00%
Wednesday, June 04, 2008 0 207 100.00%
23 Thursday, June 05, 2008 0 207 100.00%
Friday, June 06, 2008 0 207 100.00%
Saturday, June 07, 2008 0 207 100.00%
Sunday, June 08, 2008 0 207 100.00%

20052007
ESCAPEMENT ESTIMATES FOR
CHINOOK, COHO, AND CHUM.
i=2
APPENDIX F
Chinook Escapement Estimates 20052007 (AUC & Redd Based)

2007 2006 2005
White R. Above Buckley Trap Escapement Escapement Escapement
Buckley Trap 4,496 2,057 1,757
See Buckley trap counts for breakdown of upper White River chinook escapements.
White River: Below Buckley Trap Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate
Boise Cr. 364 80 903 653 397 223

Salmon Cr. 14 8 24 28 18
Salmon Trib. None observed None observed
White River Not Surveyed 19 53
Total 378 88 946 733 397 241
Puyallup River Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate
Canyon Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed

Canyonfalls Cr. 4 None observed None observed
Carbon R. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Clarks Cr. 526 28 246 85 29 11
Clear Cr. 11 None observed 3 23 9
Coal mine Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Dollar Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Fennel Cr. 165 133 2 25 12 4
Fennel Trib. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Fisk Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Fox Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
20 Redd based
Kapowsin Cr. 9 56 50 18 12
30 Dead*
Ohop Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed

Rody Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
South Prairie Cr. 549 233 1,100 948 369 27
Spiketon Trib. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Squally Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed
Swan Cr. 0 0 0 0
3 Redd based
Wilkeson Cr. 10 17 5 11 4
17 Dead*
Total 1,302 441 1,424 1,113 462 67

* For a more accurate count, the
number of dead fish counted was
used when it exceeded the number
of fish estimated.
Puyallup/Carbon River (AUC and Redd 1,302 1,447 462

Based Escapements)
White River (AUC and Redd Based 4,874 3,040 2,172

Escapements)
Total Escapement: 6,176 4,487 2,634
(2007) (2006) (2005)

Coho Escapement Estimates 20052007 (AUC)

Name Coho 2007 Coho 2006 Coho 2005
White River Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Estimate Dead
Boise Cr. 986 95 731 30 4,173 233
Salmon Cr. 7 0 2 0 27 4
Salmon Trib. 2 0 None Observed 4 1
White River Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 0 0
Buckley Trap 12,719 8,366 13,893
Total 13,714 9,099 18,097
Puyallup River
Canyon 2 0
Canyonfalls Cr. 42 5 39 12 48 5
Carbon R. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 318 1
Clarks Cr. 9 2 15 1 6 5
Clear Cr. 2 2 1 1 0 0
Coal mine 94 29 121 17 180 42
Fennel Cr. 51 11 27 1 140 6
Fisk 26 5 40 23 22 5
Fox Cr. 331 304 115 49 815 540
Kapowsin Cr. 128 22 182 5 663 77
Ohop Cr. 2 0 45 32 61 15
Rody 0 0 1 1
South Prairie Cr. 16 0 19 2 1,142 1
Spiketon Trib. 53 30 73 46 140 16
Squally Cr. None Observed None Observed 0 0
Swan Cr. None Observed 1 0 0 2
Wilkeson Cr. 41 3 None Observed 108 13
Total 754 681 3,645
Total 14,468 9,780 21,742
White River Above Buckley Trap

Wrong Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 192 17
Silver Springs Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 438 70
Pinochle Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 177 2
Huckleberry Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 696 56
Cripple Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 76 11
Clearwater 226 227 18 0 398 9
Chum Escapement Estimates 20032007 (AUC)
Name Chum 2007 Chum 2006 Chum 2005 Chum 2004 Chum 2003
White River Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Estimate Estimate Estimate
Boise Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 13 0
Salmon Cr. 33 10 82 48 42 125 123
Salmon Trib. 77 52 313 207 79 344 85
White River 0 5* Not Surveyed 53 617 368
Buckley Trap 0 0 0
Total 115 395 187 1,086 576

Chum 2007 Chum 2006 Chum 2005 Chum 2004 Chum 2003
Name Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Estimate Estimate Estimate
Name
Puyallup River Chum 2007 Chum 2006 Chum 2005 Chum 2004 Chum 2003
Canyon Cr. 79 59 352 391* 320 361 218
Canyonfalls Cr. 290 327 625 557 88 172 218
Carbon R. 359 14 590 125 1,083 4,710 2,051
Clarks Cr. 1143 466 2,273 874 2,686 2,503 1,513
Clear Cr. 461 166 877 436 566 1,094 989
Dollar Cr. 1 1 1 4* 0 62 3
Fennel Cr. 1762 1843* 4,504 2,118 1,360 3,515
Fennel Trib. 56 538* 138 572* 49 85
Rody Cr. 30 43* 505 326 28 31 36
South Prairie Cr. 1325 305 2,230 996 1,336 11,451 10
Spiketon Trib. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 1 3,053
Squally Cr. 4 0 19 1 7 79 26
Swan Cr. 1187 600 1,593 533 169 956 781
Wilkeson Cr. 102 22 169 6 14 201 198
Totals: 7,490 14,720 7,894 26,306 9,672
*The numbers in red were used to calculate the total escapement. For a more accurate count, the number of dead fish counted was used when it
exceeded the number of fish estimated.

20072008
ADULT AND JUVENILE
FISH RELEASES
APPENDIX G
Adult Salmon
Adult Chinook:
Date Location WRIA River Mile Males Females Jacks TOTAL
28Sep07 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 121 119 1
03Oct07 Deer Creek 10.0685 0.5 47 56
03Oct07 Niesson 10.0622 1.5 64 89
Total: 232 264 496
Adult Coho:
Date Location WRIA River Mile Males Females Jacks TOTAL
6Nov07 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 328 219
9Nov07 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 230 153
9Nov07 Rushingwater 10.0625 2 150 100
30Oct07 Deer Creek 10.0685 0.5 309 206
5Nov07 Deer Creek 10.0685 0.5 320 213
Total: 1337 891 2,228
Juveniles
SPECIES Chum
Number Weight Length Biomass
DATE (F) Stream WRIA of Fish Fish/Lb (grams) (mm) (Pounds)
21Mar08 Puget Creek 12.0002A 50,000 1399.0 0.32 35.54 35.7
21Mar08 Diru Creek 10.0029 454,500 398.9 1.14 50.76 1,139.4
3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,125 379.0 1.20 51.62 200.9
3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,696 422.0 1.07 50.52 1,203.1
15Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,025 356.0 1.27 53.28 213.6
25Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,096 374.5 1.21 52.26 1,354.1
1May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 209,000 377.2 1.20 50.66 554.0
9May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 277,100 377.1 1.20 52.22 734.8
19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 198,500 470.8 0.96 49.20 421.6
19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 188,852 470.8 0.96 49.20 401.1
Total: 2,544,894 4,700.7
SPECIES Fall Chinook

DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA of Fish Fish/Lb (grams) (mm) (Pounds)
20May08 20May08 Hylebos Creek 10.0015 9,708 60.3 7.52 88.90 161.0
22May08 29.May08 Cowskull 10.0680 96,500 68.6 6.61 85.06 1,406.7
Total: 524,448 8,840.2
SPECIES Spring Chinook

29May08 2Jun08 Clearwater River AP 10.0080 217,000 70.0 6.48 85.00 3,100.0
14May08 15May08 Greenwater River AP 10.0122 550,000 78.2 5.80 81.00 7,033.0
29May08 2Jun08 Huck Army AP 10.0253 514,000 98.1 4.9 76.9 5,239.6
Total: 1,281,000 15,372.6
SPECIES Coho
3Mar08 3Mar08 Lake Kapowsin 10.0600 93,000 27.0 16.83 117.00 3,450.0
Total: 93,000 3,450.0
TOTAL SALMON: 4,443,342 32,363.5


Puyallup Tribe Salmon Trout and Char Report 2008

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2007­2008

Annual Salmon, Steelhead,

Puyallup Tribal Fisheries July 2008

August 2007 ­ June 2008

Puyallup Tribe of Indians

Suggested citation format:

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page I

Appendix A: Watershed Escapement: Seasonal Comparisons of Spawning Ground Counts and

Appendix B: Salmon Distribution and Spawning Utilization (Maps).

Appendix C: Chinook and Steelhead Redd Locations (GPS Maps).

Appendix D: 2007­2008 Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Spawning Data.

Appendix E: Buckley Trap: 2007­2008 Salmon and Steelhead Transported Above

Appendix F: 2007­2008 Adult and Juvenile Fish Releases…………………………………………….. 192

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page II

Puyallup/White River Watershed

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page III

Spawning Site Selection

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page IV

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page V

Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha)

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page VI

Coho Salmon (O. kitsutch)

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page VII

Chum Salmon (O. keta)

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page VIII

Pink Salmon (O. gorbuscha)

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page IX

Sockeye Salmon (O. nerka)

Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss)

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page X

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XI

Char/Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XII

“The right of taking fish, at all usual and accustomed

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XIV

Limiting Factors Affecting Fish Populations

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XV

Commencement Bay/Puyallup River Estuary

Sewage Treatment Facilities

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XVI

Upper Puyallup River

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XVII

South Prairie Creek

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XVIII

Lower Puyallup River

Flood Control History

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XIX

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XX

Spawning Ground Escapement Surveys

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXI

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXII

Fish and Habitat Restoration

Salmon and Steelhead Escapement Estimates

About This Report

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXIV

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXV

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXVI

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXVII

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXVIII

SUMMARY OF 2007/2008 ACCOMPLISHMENTS

· Spring/Fall chinook spawning surveys in the Puyallup/lower White River Watershed.

· Coho spawning surveys in the Puyallup/White River Watershed.

· Winter steelhead spawning surveys in the Puyallup/White River Watershed.

20072008

August 2007 June 2008

Appendix D: 20072008 Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Spawning Data.

Appendix E: Buckley Trap: 20072008 Salmon and Steelhead Transported Above

Appendix F: 20072008 Adult and Juvenile Fish Releases…………………………………………….. 192

Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Season Comparisons (19942007)

120 Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT

2,500 Adult Steelhead Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19412008)

600 Canyon Creek Chum Salmon Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)

Canyonfalls Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19972007)

80 Canyonfalls Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

60 Carbon River Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisins (19952008)

CLARKS gradient springfed stream (Maplewood Springs)

CREEK 10.0027 spawning opportunities for all species; however, fur

Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)

Three of the acclimation ponds are used for reintro

Diru Creek Chum Salmon Smolt Releases (19952008)

CLEAR and moderate amounts of instream cover. A high

30 Clear Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

Clear Creek Chinook Run Timing (20022007) 2007

Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)

180 Clearwater River Chinook Run Timing (20002007) 2007

Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Carcass Sampling Results (20022007)