AC/AA 1.

2: Advance Strength of Materials

Multiple Choice Type Questions

(1) Castiglianos theorem is applicable to determine the deformation for

[a] both determinate and indeterminate structures [c] unstable structures

[b] only determinate structures [d] all of these

(2)

The Degree of Static Indeterminacy for the given fixed beam in figure.1 with two intermediate hinges is

Figure-1 [a] 0 [c] 2 [b] 1 [d] None of these

(3)

What will be the deflection of a propped cantilever beam at its propped end if any of the supports is not yielding or undergoes rigid body translation?

[a] 0 [c] cant be determined due to data inadequacy

[b] infinity [d] same as deflection at Mid length of the propped cantilever beam

(4)

Volumetric strain is

[a] sum of three elastic strains [c] Change in volume/unit Volume

[b] cubical dilatation [d] all of these

(5)

Among the following who represents a scalar or zero order tensor

[a] Mass [c] Surface Traction

[b] Body forces [d] all of these

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(6)

In The Plane stress state the stress(es) is/are zero

[a] z [c] xz, yz

[b] z , xz, yz [d] None of these

(7)

A sphere under diametral compression or a cone under a load at the apex is the case of

[a] Plane stress [c] Axisymmetric case

[b] Un-symmetrical bending [d] Plane strain

(8)

For the pure shear case where x = of first invariant, I1 is

y = z =0 in a particular coordinate system the value

[a] 0 [c] 1/2

[b] 1 [d] None of the above

(9)

In order to apply St. Venants principle following points/point are/is important [b] Stresses can not be computed in the immediate vicinity of the point of application of loads [d] None of the above

[a] The actual loading & the loading

used to compute stresses must be statically equivalent

[c] All of the above

(10) Shown in Fig.2 given below is an element of an elastic body, which is subjected to pure shearing stresses

xy

. The absolute value of the magnitude of the principle stresses is

Figure-2 (a) zero (b)

xy
2

(c) xy

(d)

xy
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(11) The strain energy stored in a curved member subjected to load w as shown in Fig. 5

Figure-5

w 2 R 3
(a)

w 2 R 3
(b) 16 EI

24 EI

w2 R 3
(c)

w 2 R 3
(d)

8 EI

4 EI

(12) Lames ellipsoid is also known as

(a) Deformation ellipsoid (c) Stress ellipsoid

(b) Strain ellipsoid (d) volume ellipsoid

(13) A continuous beam 12 m long, supported over two spans 6m each, carries a concentrated load of 40 kN each at the centre of each span. The bending moment at the centre of two supports is [a] 30 kNm [c] 90 kNm [b] 45 kNm [d] 150 kNm

(14) If in a pin-jointed plane frame (m + r) > 2j then the frame is

(a) stable and statically determinate (c) unstable (b) stable and statically indeterminate (d) none of the above

where m is number of members, r is the reaction components and j is number of joints

(15) A pin-jointed plane frame is unstable if

(a) (m + r) < 2j (c) (m + r) > 2j (b) m + r = 2j (d) none of the above

(16) A rigid jointed plane frame is stable and statically determinate if

(a) (m + r) = 2j (c) (3m + r) = 3j (b) (m + r) = 3j (d) (m + 3r) = 3j

where m is number of member, r is reaction components and j is number of joints

(17) The carryover factor in a prismatic member whose far end is hinged is 1 (a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 3/4 (d) 1 3 of 20

(18) The moment required to rotate the near end of a prismatic beam through a unit angle without translation, the far end being simply supported, is given by 3EI 4 EI 2 EI EI (a) (b) (c) (d) L L L L
where EI is flexural rigidity and L is span of beam.

(19) Which of the following is matched correctly

(Real beam) (a) Free end (b) Fixed end (c) Simple support at end (d) Internal hinge (Conjugate beam) (a) Free end of cantilever (b) Continuous intermediate (c) Simple support at end (d) Fixed support

(20) The M/EI diagram of a real beam becomes the

(a) Deflection diagram of the conjugate beam (c) Shear force diagram of the conjugate beam (21) Slope deflection method is (a) equilibrium method (c) stiffness coefficient method (b) Load diagram of the conjugate beam (d) none of the above

(b) deflection method (d) all of the above

(22) Which diagram is/are true to the loading diagram as shown in the figure 7 .

Figure-7

(i)

Free body diagram :

(ii) Shear Force diagram

(iii ) Bending Moment Diagram : (a) only (i) is true (b) only (ii)&(iii) are true (c) (i)&(iii) are true (d) All are true.

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(23) Shear flow is

[a] shear stress per unit cross sectional area [c] shear force per unit volume of the shaft

[b] shear force per unit length [d] none of these

(24) Given following statements: (i) If originally plane sections remained plane after twist , the torsional rigidity can be calculated simply as the product of the polar moment of inertia multiplied by the shear modulus. When the resultant of forces act away from the shear centre axis , then the beam will not only bend but also twist.

(ii)

[a] Statement (i) is correct only [c] both the statements are correct

[b] Statement (ii) is correct only [d] none of these are correct

(25) Given following statements: (i) (ii) Non-Uniform Torsional resistance at any non-circular section is the sum of St. Venants torsion and warping torsion. In case of a Non-circular section , E is termed as the warping rigidity of the section, analogous to GJ, the St. Venants torsional stiffness..

[a] Statement (i) is correct only [c] both the statements are correct

[b] Statement (ii) is correct only [d] none of these are correct

(26) When the torsional rigidity(GJ) is very large compared to the warping rigidity,E , then the section will effectively be in

[a] Uniform torsion [c] Warping torsion

[b] Non-uniform section [d] Total torsion

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(27) Given following statements: (i) (ii) Uniform Torsion ( St. Venants torsion ) applied to a beam would cause a twist. Non-uniform torsion will cause both twisting and warping of the cross section.

[a] Statement (i) is false [c] both the statements are false

[b] Statement (ii) is false [d] both (i) & (ii) are true.

(28) A rectangular tube has outside dimensions 62mm x 42mm and has a wall 2 mm thick.What will be the maximum shear stress when a torque of 2400 N-m is applied.

[a] 200 MPa [c] Data inadequate

[b] 250 MPa [d] 500 MPa

(29) What will be the maximum shear stress for the solid rectangular section having dimensions 100mm x 10 mm when a torque of 5 Nm is applied ?

[a] 1.5 MPa [c] 0.75MPa

[b] 1.0MPa [d] None of these

(30) Given following statements in relation to torsion neglecting warping (i) (ii) The Polar Moment of inertia for solid circular section is r4/2 , where r is the radius The Polar Moment of inertia for solid rectangular section is ht3/3 for h/t greater than equal to 10.

[a] Statement (i) is false [c] both the statements are false (31) The theory of curved beam was postulated by [a] Rankline [c] Castigliano

[b] Statement (ii) is false [d] both (i) & (ii) are true.

[b] Mohr [d] Winkler- Bach

(32) In curved beams the distribution of bending stresses is [a]linear [c] uniform [b] parabolic [d] hyperbolic

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(33) The neutral axis in curved beams [a]lies at the top of beam [c] does not coincides with geometric axis of the section [b] lies at the bottom of beam [d] coincides with the geometric axis

(34) Which of the following assumption is made in the analysis of curved beam theory [a] limit of proportionality is not exceeded [c] the material is considered isotropic and obeys Hookes law (35) For a crane hook the most suitable section is [b] radial strain is negligible [d] all of these

[a] triangular [c] circular

[b] trapezoidal [d] rectangular

(36) Analysis of pure bending can be done when

[a] members subjected to bending couples acting in a plane of symmetry [c] the neutral axis of the cross section coincides with the axis of couple

[b]members remain symmetric and bend in a plane of symmetry [d] All of these

(37) Analysis of Unsymmetrical bending can be done when

[a] members subjected to bending couples do not act in a plane of symmetry [c] the neutral axis of the cross section will not coincides with the axis of couple

[b]members will not bend in a plane of the couples [d] All of these

(38) A cast iron machine part is subjected to a couple of 3 KN-m. Knowing the EI=300 KN-m2 and neglecting the effect of fillet what will be the radius of curvature ?

[a] 100m [c] 50m

[b] [d]

0.01m 10 m

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(39) Which is true among the following statements made in favour of shear centre ?

[a] It is the point in the cross-section through which the [b] It is also the centre of rotation, lateral (or transverse) loads must pass to produce bending when only pure torque is applied. without twisting. [c] The shear centre and the centroid of the cross section [d] will coincide, when section has two axes of symmetry and The shear centre will be on the axis of symmetry, when the cross section has one axis of symmetry. (40) The shear centre for the section shown in figure 8 is at point All are true.

Figure-8

[a] A [c] D

[b] [d]

C B

(41) Given following statements in relation shear centre (i) (ii) Depending on the beam's cross-sectional shape along its length, the location of shear center may vary from section to section. A line connecting all the shear centers is called the elastic axis of the beam.

[a] Statement (i) is false (ii) is true [c] both the statements are false

[b] Statement (ii) is false (i)is true [d] both (i) & (ii) are true.

(42) Energy stored in a closed coil helical spring when subjected to an axial twist is given by [a] (b2/6E) x volume of spring [c] (b2/4E) x volume of spring [b] (b2/8E) x volume of spring [d] (b2/2E) x volume of spring

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(43) Two springs of stiffness k1 and k2 respectively are connected in series, the stiffness of composite spring will be given by [a] k=k1+k2 [c] k=k1k2/ k1+k2 [b] k=k1k2 [d] k=k1+k2/ k1k2

(44) The resilience of flat spring is given by [b] 2max/24E [d] 2max/8E

[a] max/24E [c] 2max/12E

(45) A closed coil helical spring absorbs 80 N of energy while extending by 4 mm. The stiffness of the spring is
[a] 5 N/mm [c] 16 N/mm [b] 10 N/mm [d] 20 N/mm

(46) The deformation of a spring produced by a unit load is called

(a) Stiffness (c) influence coefficient (b) flexibility (d) none

(47) Shear stress in a closed coiled spring under axial load is given by (a)

8WD d 3
8WD R 3

(b)

8WR d 3
8WR d 3

(c)

(d)

(48) In the case of rotating disc of uniform strength which of the following statements is correct

[a] circumferential stress is constant [c] circumferential and radial stress are equal to each other and are constant

[b] radial stress is constant [d] none of these

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(49) In the case of rotating long cylinder

[a] shear stress is zero at central cross sectional plane [c] shear stress is zero at end cross sectional planes

[b] shear stress is maximum at central cross sectional plane [d] none of these

(50) A disc of uniform strength must have

[a] constant thickness [c] varying cross sectional area

[b] varying thickness [d] none of these

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True/False Type Questions

1. As per Castiglianos First Theorem ,for a linearly elastic structure, the derivative of the strain energy of a structure with respect to a load gives the displacement of the load in all directions. 2. The bulk modulus (K) describes volumetric elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform in all directions when uniformly loaded in all directions. 3. Dilation of material is change in area per unit area.
4. Shear stresses tend to deform the material without changing its volume, and are resisted by the body's shear modulus.

5. A rigid jointed plane frame is stable and statically determinate of 3m+r=3j. The shear force on a deflected beam is given by V = E1

d3y dx 3

6. The Bending Moment on a deflected beam is given by M = -EI (d2y/dx2 ). 7. The slope of the normal stress-strain graph is equal to the bulk modulus of elasticity. 8. The following beam(as shown in figure-3) is statically indeterminate to the second degree.

Figure-3 9. The slope of a cantilever beam at the free end will be zero if the beam is loaded with uniformly distributed load throughout. 10.The point of transition on the elastic curve into reverse curvature is called point of contraflexure. 11.If the member is not allowed to warp freely, the applied torque is resisted by St. Venant's torsional shear stress and warping torsion and this behaviour is called non-uniform torsion. 12.If the section is doubly symmetric , the centre of flexure coincides with the centroid of the section. 13.In uniaxial or symmetrical bending the Neutral axis is not plane of loading. normal to the

14.Symmetric bending: Where the member possesses at least one plane of symmetry and is subjected to couples acting in that plane. 15.A neutral surface must exist in the member in the analysis of curved beam.

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16.In case of curved beam analysis = My/I no longer applies.

17.If there is also an axial force present, Winklers formula can be written as follows.

P M y + 1 + Z ( R + y ) A AR

Where, Z=Curved beam factor A = Cross-sectional area R = Radius of curvature to the centroidal axis y = Distance from centroidal axis to point of interest

18.The normal stresses in a curved beam due to bending is same as normal stress due to bending of a straight beam. 19.Whals correction factor is applied to accommodate the effect of curvature of spring and direct shear stresses. 20.Leaf springs are also called carriage spring. 21.The wire of open coiled helical spring subjected to axial force P, is subjected to direct shear only. 22.Shocker used in car is laminated spring of high stiffness. 23.Circumferential stresses in rotating disc or cylinders are compressive in nature. 24.Circumferential stress on the outer edge of rotating disc is zero. 25.The direction of axis in case of rotating disc is the direction of zero principal stress

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Short Answer Type Question

1. What are the conditions required for applicability of principle of superposition? 2. In 3-D stress the three principal stresses are obtained as the three real roots of the equation: 3 I1 2 + I 2 I 3 = 0 Where I1,I2 and I3 are called stress invariants. Why the name called stress invariant? 3. State St. Venants Principle. 4. State Castiglianos first Theorem . 5. Define Plane stress. Give an example 6. What is the difference between Direct stress and shear stress with respect to volume of a body? What is the significance of Airys Stress function ? 7. What is Clapeyrons Theorem of three moments for a continuous beam ? 8. State the assumptions of Euler-Bernoullis beam bending theory . 9. Using strain energy theorms / Castiglianos theorem calculate the deformation at end A of the cantilever beam.

10.State Mohrs Moment-area theorem . 11.Find out the degree of Static indeterminacy of the 2-D rigid jointed frame as shown below.

12.What is Prandtls Stress function ?What is wraping ?When it is considered along with twisting ? 13.Using Membrane Analogy find out the maximum shear stress in thinwalled cross section. 14.The annualar ring having inner diameter of 2.3 m and outer diameter of 2.5m subjected to Torque of 400 Kg.cm. Find out the average shear stress in thin-walled analysis. 15.What do you mean by Shear Centre? 16.What do you mean by unsymmetrical bending? 17.Where the shear center lies for the beam having two axes of symmetry? 18.What will be the strain energy stored in a spring material due to bending. Also write the stiffness for a spring . 13 of 20

19.Write down the expressions for bending stress and energy stored in a Helical springs subjected to 'axial twist'. 20.Write down the expressions for shear stress and angle of twist for a closed coil helical springs subjected to 'axial load'. 21.Write the expression for bending of curved beams as per Winkler-Bach formula. State the nature of normal stress variation across the depth. 22.What are the assumptions for flexure in curved beams to determine distribution of stress? 23.Write the expression for the distance of the centroidal axis from neutral axis in case of a curved beam with triangular cross section. 24.State the expressions for the circumferential and radial stresses in a solid cylinder. 25.State the expressions for the radial stresses in a hollow cylinder rotating with uniform speed .

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Long Answer Type Questions 1. A structure is shown in the figure (No.1)below. Assuming the member to be of uniform cross section through out find the strain energy stored by the structure and determine the vertical deflection of end A.

figure (No.1)
2. The framework shown in figure No.2 below is pin-jointed to the ground at A and D and is loaded along AB with a distributed load w. If the flexural rigidity EI is constant throughout, obtain expressions for the reaction at A and D.

Figure (No.2)
3. The following state of stress exists at a point P

In the direction PQ having direction cosines nx= 0.6 , ny = 0 and nz =0.8. (a) determine PQ (b) cubical dilatation at point P

4. A two span continuous beam ABC fixed at the ends is loaded as shown in figure No.3. Find : i. ii. Moments at the supports Reactions at the supports
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Draw BM and SF diagrams also.

Figure (No.3) 5. A propped cantilever beam AB supports a concentrated load P acting at the midpoint C (see figure No.4).Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions of the beam and draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam. Also, obtain the equations of the deflection curves for both halves of the beam, and draw the deflection curve for the entire beam.

figure (No.4)

6. A continuous beam ABCDE carrying a udl of w/unit length rests on three supports
B,C and D, all at the same level. It has two equal overhangs of length L0 on either sides. Assuming EI constant, find the ratio of L0 /L for the three support reactions to be equal.

7. A rectangular steel shaft 50mmX 25mm is subjected to a torque of 2KNm. Find: i. ii. Maximum shear stress developed in the shaft. Angular twist per Meter length. Assume modulus of rigidity = 80GN/m2.

8. A shaft of elliptical section is subjected to torque of 2.5KNm. If the maximum shear stress in the shaft is not to exceed 80MN/m2 determine: i. ii. The major and minor axis , if major axis = 1.5 minor axis The angular twist per metre length. Assume modulus of rigidity = 80GN/m2.

9. An I section with flanges 10 cm X 2 cm and web 28cm X 1 cm is subjected to torque 6 KNm. Find:
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i. ii.

Maximum shear stress Angle of twist per unit length. Assume modulus of rigidity = 80 GN/m2

10. A double celled cross section is shown in figure No.5. When a torque of 5 KNm is applied find: i. ii. Shear stress in each part Angular twist per metre length Take Shear modulus = 80 GN/m2.

Figure (No.5)
11. Define the term Centre of twist ? Determine the position of the shear centre of each of the three thin walled sections shown below in figure No.6.

Figure (No.6)
12. A channel section has flanges 12 cm x 2 cm and web 16 cm x 1 cm. Determine the shear centre of the channel which is shown below in Figure No. 7.

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Figure (No.7)
13. Determine the position of the shear centre of the section of a beam shown in Figure No.8.

Figure (No.8)

14. A curved bar of square section, 3 cm sides and mean radius of curvature 4.5 cm is initially unstressed. If a bending moment of 300 Nm is applied to the bar tending to straighten it, find the stresses at the inner and outer faces. 15. A crane hook whose horizontal cross-section is trapezoidal, 50 mm wide at the inside and 25 mm wide at the outside, thickness 50 mm, carries a vertical load of 1000 kg whose line of action is 38 mm from the inside edge of this section. The centre of curvature is 50 mm from the inside edge. Calculate the maximum tensile and compressive stresses set up. 16. A steel tube having outside diameter 5 cm, bore 3 cm, is bent into a quadrant of 2 m radius. One end is rigidly attached to a horizontal base plate to which a tangent to that end is perpendicular, and the free end supports a load of 100 kg . Determine the vertical and horizontal deflections of the free end under this load. E =208,000 N/mm2.(Refer Figure No.9)

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Figure No.9 17. A central horizontal section of hook is a symmetrical trapezium 60 mm deep the inner width being60 mm and the outer being 30 mm . Estimate the extreme intensities of stress when the hook carries a load of 30 kN. The load line passing 40 mm from the inside edge of the section and centre of curvature being in the load line. Also plot the stress distribution across the section. (Refer Figure No. 10 )

Figure (No.10)

18. A curved beam has a T-section as shown in figure No.11 below. The inner radius is 300 mm. What is the eccentricity of the section?

Figure (No.11)

19. A close-coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 900 N/m in compression, with a maximum load of 45 N and a maximum shearing stress of 120 N/mm2. The "solid" length of the spring (i.e. coils touching) is 35 mm. Find the wire diameter, mean coil radius, and number of coils. G =40,000N/mm2. 20. A laminated steel spring, simply supported at the ends and centrally loaded, with a span of 0.75 m, is required to carry a proof load of 750 kg, and the central deflection is not to exceed 50 mm; the bending stress must not exceed 380 Nlmm2. Plates are available in 19 of 20

multiples of1 mm for thickness and 4 mm for width. Determine suitable values for width, thickness and number of plates, and calculate the radius to which the plates should be formed. Assume width = 12 x thickness. E = 208,000 N/mm2. 21. A laminated spring of the quarter-elliptic type, 0.6 m long, is to provide a static deflection of 75 mm under an end load of 200 kg. If the leaf material is 60 mm wide and 6 mm thick, find the number of leaves required and the maximum stress. From what height can the load be dropped on to the un-deflected spring to cause a maximum stress of 750 N/mm2? E =208,000 N/mm2. 22. A close-coiled helical spring is made of a round wire having n turns and the mean coil radius R is 5 times the wire diameter. Show that the stuffiness of such a spring is R/n x constant. Determine the constant when the modulus of rigidity C of the spring wire is 82000 N/ mm2 . If the above spring is to support a load of 1-2 kN with 120 mm compression and the maximum shear stress 250N/mm2 .Calculate: i) ii) iii) Mean radius of the coil Number of turns. Weight of the spring. Assume density of the material to be: 76.5 KN/m3. 23. Determine the intensities of principal stresses in flat steel disc of uniform thickness having a diameter of 1 m and rotating at 2400 r.p.m. What will be stresses if the disc has a central hole of 0-2m diameter? Take Poissons ratio = 1/3 and = 7850Kg/m3. 24. A steel disc of uniform thickness and of diameter 400 mm is rotating about its axis at 2000 r.p.m. The density of the material is 7700 kg/m3 and Possions ration is 0.3 . Determine the variations of circumferential and radial stresses.

25. Calculate the principal moment of inertia and direction of principal axes for the crosssection of a beam show in fig.(No.12) (b) Calculate the polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration for the cross-section of beam shown in fig.

Figure (No.12) ========================================================================== 20 of 20