UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES Centre: Dehradun Examination : Supplementry Exam August 2011.

Programme & Branch : B.Tech. APE Course Code : PTEG 441 Course Title : Pipeline Transportation of Oil & Gas

Semester :VII Duration : 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 100

Assume Any Missing Data: SECTION-A Attempt All Questions (10*6) Ques.1) What are the different coatings used on a pipeline. Discuss various merits and demirts of each of them ? Ques.2) Give in detail the various compressors used in petroleum industry and detail the equations used for computing the isometric efficiency. Ques.3) Give in detail the various types of valves used in pipeline industry? Indicate their application areas. Ques.4) Why are PIG used in pipeline industry. Discuss intelligent pig system? Ques.5) What are the component and functions of SCADA system? Ques. 6) What are cryogenic fluids , and how are they transported.

SECTION B Answer any two of the following :

20*2 =40

Ques7) Calculate the pressure drop per mile in an NPS 20 pipeline, 0.500 inch wall thickness flowing diesel ( Sg = 0.85 and viscosity = 5.0 c St) at 8,000 bbl/h. Assume pipe absolute roughness as 0.002 inch. Ques.8) Calculate the pressure drop per mile in an NPS 16 pipeline, 0.250 inch wall thickness, flowing crude oil (Sg = 0.895 and viscosity = 15.0 cSt ) at 100,000 bbl/day. Assume pipe absolute roughness = 0.002 inch. Compare results using Colebrook-White, Miller and MIT equations. Ques. 9) Detail the various losses of Induction motor and explain how they are calculated.

a) (a)Explain the terms: Molal humidity, Absolute molal humidity, Humid heat capacity, Percentage saturation. (b) Explain: recycle and by pass with examples? (c) Explain: Raoults law and Henrys law. (d) Explain: Hess law. (e) Explain the terms: yield and selectivity.

Ques.2) Nine liters of gaseous mixture consisting of a gaseous organic compound A and just sufficient amount of oxygen required for complete combustion yielded on burning 6 liters of CO2,4 liters of water and 1 liter of N2. All volumes measured at same temperature and pressure. If the compound A contains C, H, and N only, then how many liters of O2 are required for complete combustion? Ques. 3) A solution contains 55 mole % benzene (vapor pressure 178.65 KPa at 373 K) , 28 mole% toluene ( vapor pressure 74.66 KPa at 373 K ) and 17 mole % xylene (vapor pressure 2.8 KPa at 300 K ) . The vapors are in contact with the solution. Calculate the total pressure of the vapors in the mixture. Also find the molar percentage composition of toluene and xylene. Ques4) A mixed fertilizer having the NPK composition of 10:26:26 as % N, % P2O5 and % K2O by weight respectively is to be formulated by mixing ammonia, phosphoric acid and potassium chloride. If anhydrous ammonia, phosphoric acid and 100 % potassium chloride are used for mixing, calculate the amount of each of them required for formulating 500 kg mixed fertilizer. It may be assumed that filler will make up the balance. Ques5) A combustion chamber is fed with butane and excess air. Combustion of butane is complete. The composition of combustion gases on volume basis is given below: CO2 = 9.39% , H20 = 11.73 %, O2 4.7% and N2= 74.18% Find % excess air used and mole ratio of air to butane used. Ques6) An air water vapor mixture has a relative humidity of 80 % at 293 K temperature and 100 KPa pressure. Calculate: (a)Molal humidity of air (b)Molal humidity of air if its temperature is reduced to 283 K and the pressure is increased to 174.65KPa condensing out some of water. (c)Weight of water condensed from 500 kg of original wet air in the process of part (b). (d) Final volume of wet air. Data: Vapor pressure of water at 293 k = 2.40 KPa. Vapor pressure of water at 283 K =1.266 K Pa. SECTION- B (20*2) Attempt any two questions: Ques1: Chlorine is manufactured by burning hydrogen chloride gas using air. The reaction taking place the burner is: 4 HCl (g) + O2 (g) 2 Cl2 (G) + 2H20(g)

Air is used in 35 % excess of that theoretically required. Assume that the oxidation is 80 % complete and the dry air with hydrogen chloride gas enters the burner at 298 K. Calculate the adiabatic reaction

temperature of the product gas stream. Data: Component H20(g) HCl (g) H0f. KJ/mole -241.82 -92.31

Heat capacity data: Cp = a+ b T + c T2 + DT3 Component HCl O2 Cl2 H20 N2 a 30.3088 26.0257 28.5463 32.4921 29.5909 b* 103 -7.609 11.7551 23.8795 0.0796 -5.141 C*106 13.2608 -2.3426 -21.3631 13.2107 13.1829 D *109 -4.3336 -0.5623 6.4726 -4.5474 -4.968

Ques2) The fresh feed to a methanol synthesis unit contains 32 mole % CO, 64 mole % H2 and 4 mole % N2 and flows at a rate of 100 mol/h. The fresh feed is mixed with recycle feed flowing at a rate of 400 mol/h to produce a reactor feed containing 13 mole % N2. The product stream leaving the condenser (after reactor) contains only liquid methanol. For preventing a build up of nitrogen in the system, a purge stream is withdrawn from the gas stream leaving the condenser. The gases not purged constitute the stream recycled to the reactor. Compute the production rate of methanol (mol/h), the molar flow rate and composition of the purge gas and the overall and single pass conversion. Ques.3) In the manufacture of benzaldehyde a mixture containing dry air and toluene is fed to the converter at the temperature of 448 K and 100 KPa g pressure. The mixture passes through the catalyst bed in the converter. The product gas stream leaves the converter at 468 K. The reaction takes place as follows: C6H5CH3 (g) + O2 (g) C6H5CHO (g) +H20 (g) The dry air is supplied at 100 % excess so as to maintain the high yield of benzaldehyde .The side reaction taking place is: C6H5CH3 (g) + 9O2 (g) 7 CO2 (g) + 4H20(g) At the above mentioned conditions the overall conversion is 13 % based on toluene. Approximately 0.5 % of the toluene charged burns to CO2 and H20. Calculate the composition of gas stream leaving the converter.