04 GSM Power Control ISSUE1.0

GSM Power Control
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Power Control Overview 2. HWPower Control 3. HWPower Control
Page2
Power Control Overview

Power control
Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed. Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
Purpose
Save the power of BTS and MS Reduce the interference of the network Increase the quality of the network
Page3

Power control includes uplink power control and downlink power control, Which are performed independently
Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption of MS Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption of BTS
Page4

Up link and Down link power control can be enabled independently
Page5

Process of power control commands
It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from command sending to execution.
BTS sends the command for power control and TA in SACCH header.
SACCCH report period: 26X4=104 frames (480ms)
BTS receives the measurement report
SA0
SA1 SA2 SA3
SA0 SA1
MS adopts the new power level and TA
SA2 SA3 SA0
SA1 SA2 SA3

MS begins to send the measurement report of the last multi-frame.
In the 26 multi-frames, frame 12 sends SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH block
MS begins to set up a new SACCH header to report the new TA and power control message.
Page6
Data Configuration of Power Control Period
Page7

Power control judgment
Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement report pre-processing item which can be selected in handover control data table MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch decide where power control be processed. If measurement report pre-processing is yes, power control is processed in BTS, and when setting it no, power control is processed in BSC
Page8
Data Configuration of MR Preprocessing(1)
Page9
Data Configuration of MR Preprocessing(1)
Page10
Contents
1. Power Control Overview 2. HW Power Control 3. HWPower Control
Page11
HW II Power Control
Power control judgment process
MR. preprocessing
The power control demand according to receiving level
The power control demand according to receiving quality
General power control judgment Send the power control command
Page12
HW II Power Control
Original data of power control -- Measurement Report(MR)
Uplink MR
BTS
Network
Downlink MR
Page13
HW II Power Control
Measurement report
Uplink measuremen t report
Downlink measuremen t report
Page14
HW II Power Control
MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of four steps Interpolation Compensation (optional) Prediction (optional) Filter
Page15
HW II Power Control
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report
BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to recover the lost measurement reports. If the lost MR amount is within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number Lost), then recovers the lost MR according to the specific algorithm.
Service cell: linear algorithm Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification (110dBm)
Page16
HW II Power Control
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report
ow R Fl sM uou tin Con

MR MR MR
MR MR
No. n+4
No. n Missing by some reasons
Page17
Data Configuration of MR Preprocessing
Page18
HW II Power Control
MR. compensation
Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement report before filter. Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement report compensation queue. 2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report. 3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will compensate the receiving level of the history measurement report according to the power change information. The compensated measurement reports will be the original data in the filter process. 4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
Page19
HW II Power Control
MR. compensation
70 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 50 50 50 50 Y axis 40 30 30 30 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 X axis 0
Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation
Diagram when there is no power control
Power control diagram when there is measurement report compensation
Power control diagram when there is no measurement report compensation
The expected receiving signal level: 30 The expected receiving signal level: 30 The power control will be more effective with measurement report compensation. The power control will be more effective with measurement report compensation.
Page20
Data Configuration of MR. Compensation
Page21
HW II Power Control
MR. prediction
Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality Implementation procedure
1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement reports after interpolation. 2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports prediction, which are configured on LMT. 3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement reports, and implement power control judgment.
Page22
HW II Power Control
MR. prediction
50 50 50 50 45 40 Y axis 35 35 35 35 30 30 30 30 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 X axis
Page23
Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
No power control
Mean filter power control
Prediction filter power control
15
The expected receiving signal level: 30 The expected receiving signal level: 30 The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with mean filter mean filter
Data Configuration of MR. Prediction
Page24
HW II Power Control
MR. filter Smooth the instantaneous fading point
Calculate the average value within the filter window
M ous tinu Con

MR MR
ow R Fl
MR MR
MR
MR
Filter----Average several consecutive MRs
Page25
Data Configuration of MR. filter
Page26
HW II Power Control Judgment

Power control demand based on receiving level.
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module makes a comparison between the expected signal level and the current receiving signal level. Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted, making the receiving level value closer to the expected value. Adopt variable step size when decreasing the transmitting power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the expected level as soon as possible.
Page27
HW II Power Control Judgment

Power control demand based on receiving quality
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module makes comparison between the expected quality level and the current receiving quality level. Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be adjusted: increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving quality, and decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving quality. Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power according to the receiving quality.
Page28
HW II Power Control Feature

Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
Power control will not execute if the signal level and quality is within the threshold bands. Avoid the signal level fluctuation caused by power control. The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of bad quality.
Page29
Data Configuration for UL Rx_Lev Upper/Lower Threshold
Page30
Data Configuration for UL Upper/Lower Quality Threshold
Page31
Data Configuration for DL Rx_Lev Upper/Lower Threshold
Page32
Data Configuration for DL Upper/Lower Quality Threshold
Page33
Data Configuration of Power Control (Rx_Lev)
Page34
Page35
Page36
Data Configuration for UL/DL Bad Quality
Page37
HW II Power Control Advantages

Measurement report compensation to makes power control judgment more accurate Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality Power control expected signal level and quality threshold falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level fluctuate up and down frequently
Page38
Content
1. Power Control Overview 2. HWPower Control 3. HWPower Control
Page39
HW III Power Control Flow

MR. Preprocessing
Initial MR. process Initial MR. process
Stop PC, waiting the next MR. Yes
Number of lost MR. > N? Number of lost MR. > N? No No Power Control
MR. Interpolation MR. Interpolation Exponent Filter Exponent Filter Slide Window Filter Slide Window Filter
Calculate the power Calculate the power control step for BTS control step for BTS and MS and MS
Yes
Rx_lev&(Qual.+FH gain) Rx_lev&(Qual.+FH gain) are within expected window? are within expected window?
No
Power control Power control implement implement
Page40
Measurement Report Preprocessing

For the measurement report preprocessing, there are three differences between HW II and HW III power control
Initial discarded MR. number Interpolation method Filter calculation
Page41

Initial discarded MR. number
Avoiding the access period measurement report influence power control accuracy, system discards some initial measurement report.
HW II: discard 4 initial MR. fixedly. HW III: set it via Signal/Traffic Channel Discard MR. Number.
MR. interpolation method

Rx_lev: If Rx_lev(k) is lost, recover it as Rx_lev(k-1). Rx_qual: If Rx_qual is lost, recover it as quality lever 7.
Page42
Data Configuration of Initial Discarded MR. Number
Page43

MR. filter calculation
Quality filter
Quality class value will be converted to BER and set up the correspondence relationship with CIR as below table. Calculate the average CIR according to the selected filter method.
Quality Class
CIR (dB)
22
18
16
14
12
Page44

MR. filter calculation filter algorithm: exponent filter and slide window filter Exponent filter ca_filtered1 (1)=ca(1) ca_filtered1 (k)=a*ca(k)+(1-a)*ca_filtered1 (k-1)
~ ca: original receiving level or quality ~ ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter calculation ~ k: serial number of measurement report ~ a: exponent filter coefficient, a=1 / (2^(w/2)), and w is exponent filter length
k=1 k>1
Page45

Filter algorithm
Slide window filter
ca_filtered (1) = ca_filtered1 (1) ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered 1(1)++ca_filtered1 (k)] / k ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered1 (k-w+1)+...+ca_filtered1 (k)] / w
ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter ca_filtered: receiving level or quality after window filter k: serial number of measurement report w: slide filter window
k=1
1<k<w k>=w
Page46
Data Configuration of Filter(DL)
Page47
Data Configuration of Filter(UL)
Page48
Power Control Judgment

During HW III power control judgment, system will calculate radio channel gain.
Suppose: In SACCH period k, useful signal is c(k), interference is I(k), radio channel gain is g(k) and transmit power for BTS or MS is p(k). The below formulas are calculated by logarithm:
ca _ filtered ( k ) 10
10
= 10
c(k ) 10
+ 10
I (k ) 10
(1)
Rx_lev
Useful signel
Interference
C/I
qa_filtered(k) = c(k) I(k)
(2) (3)
c(k) = p(k) g(k)
Page49
Power Control Judgment

Radio channel gain calculation:
According to (1) and (2), we can get c(k)
qa _ filtered ( k ) 10
c(k ) = ca _ filter (k ) + qa _ filter (k ) 10 lg(1 + 10
Input c(k) to (3), get g(k) = p(k) c(k). So calculate the g(k)
for BTS and MS
Page50
Data Configuration of Power Control Judgment
Page51
Page52
Page53
Page54
Page55
Data Configuration of Power Control Adjust Factor
Page56
HW III Power Control Features

Exponent filter enhance the measurement report process speed. In HW II PC, receive level and quality be considered independently and then general power control judgment will be done. While in HW III PC, the final result will be got from the general formula. Difference quality threshold be set for the difference service, such as AMR, FS and HS. Hopping gain also be considered.
Page57
Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Power control procedure HW II power control algorithm HW III power control algorithm Data Configuration of HWII and HWIII
Page58
Thank you
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04 GSM Power Control ISSUE1.0

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GSM Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

SACCCH report period: 26X4=104 frames (480ms)

BTS receives the measurement report

SA1 SA2 SA3

SA2 SA3 SA0

SA1 SA2 SA3

In the 26 multi-frames, frame 12 sends SACCH.

MS obtains SACCH block

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of Power Control Period

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of MR Preprocessing(1)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of MR Preprocessing(1)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The power control demand according to receiving level

The power control demand according to receiving quality

General power control judgment Send the power control command

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Uplink measuremen t report

Downlink measuremen t report

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

ow R Fl sM uou tin Con

No. n Missing by some reasons

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of MR Preprocessing

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation

Diagram when there is no power control

Power control diagram when there is measurement report compensation

Power control diagram when there is no measurement report compensation

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of MR. Compensation

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mean filter power control

Prediction filter power control

Data Configuration of MR. Prediction

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

M ous tinu Con

Filter----Average several consecutive MRs

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of MR. filter

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HW II Power Control Judgment

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HW II Power Control Judgment