Passeio Anterior - Passeio Seguinte

To visit the Expo site, the best is to leave from Ericeira towards Mafra and Malveira. Take the A8 motorway to Malveira and continue towards Lisbon. After the toll-bar take the 3rd exit where the airport is indicated, then follow the directions to the airport and then you will see signs for the Expo.

Portugal organised Expo 98, the last world exhibition of the century. It was also the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the sea route to India in1498 by the navigator Vasco da Gama. The theme was "The Oceans, a Heritage for the Future", and the entire area at the eastern end of the city's waterfront was rebuilt for the event. When it was over, the new urban district was dubbed Parque das Naes (Park of Nations), and is now one of the largest urban redevelopment projects in Europe.

Ponte Vasco da Gama

Pavilho Atlntico

For the construction of Expo 98 the architects were inspired by great sea mythologies and Nations Park is a modern architectural showpiece, spread along a three-mile stretch of the Tagus river in north-east Lisbon. It boasts the vast Vasco da Gama shopping centre and cinema, an Oceanarium, the Living Science Centre, the Atlantic Pavilion (concert and sports venue), the Lisbon International Exhbition Centre (FIL), the Cames Theatre, Lisbon Casino and dozens of bars, restaurants and late-night venues. Enjoy the view from the cable car along the riverfront, hop on the tourist "mini" train, or hire a bicycle to get around at your leisure. Take the lift to the top of the Vasco da Gama Tower for views of the city and the 17 km Vasco da Gama Bridge. While you're up there, look out for the Portuguese Pavilion, recognisable for its curved roof, designed by Portugal's most renowned architect, Alvaro Siza, and considered an architectural wonder.

When arriving, one immediately sees the Oriente station, built by the Spanish architect: Santiago Calatrava. The station looks like a forest of metal palm trees, it concentrates road and railway transport.

- the Vasco da Gama Bridge is 17 km long, with 12 above the estuary of the Tagus. From Febuary 1995 to March 1998 more than 3300 were employed for the construction of this bridge. The Portuguese government chose a private consortium, Lusoponte, composed of Portuguese, French & English companies, for the building

of the bridge. The main bridge was built by the French company Campenon Bernard SGE. Until the 29th of march 1998, the only bridge in Lisbon was the 25th of April Bridge, built from 1962 to 1966 by American and Portuguese companies. This bridge is a suspension bridge, road and railway, and for a long time it was the longest bridge in Europe (2 278 m). - On the left you can also see the Vasco da Gama Tower which shelters a restaurant and a 140 m high view-point. Then, one can take the telpher railway to have an overview of the surrounding 60 hectares around the 10 hectares site. - The next stop has to be the Oceanrio. Built by the American architect Peter Chermayeff, it is the biggest aquarium in Europe that takes us from one ocean to the other: Antarctica with its ice-cold areas, populated with seals and penguins; the coral reefs of the Indian Ocean with its tropical fish; the rocky coasts of the Pacific with its submarine forests of seaweed and its sea lions; in the coast of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, with its great variety of fish. In the centre, there is an enormous tank (more than 6 000 cubic meters) with sharks, rays, tunas, but also fishes which move in groups. You will discover more than 15 000 sea animals and more than 350 sorts of plants. A must.

Vasco da Gama Shopping Centre

At this point of the tour you might welcome a break in one of the 30 restaurants at the Vasco da Gama shopping centre. Its design has been blended into the Oriente Station's architecture. Formerly the entrance to Expo 98, it gives beautiful views of the other landmarks on the site

Vasco da Gama Bridge

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Vasco da Gama Bridge

Crosses

Tagus Ri er

Munici alit of Alcochete (left bank) Lusoponte[1]

Maintained by

Desi ner


Armando Rito

Desi n


cable-stayed, viaducts

Total len th


17.2 km (10.7 mi)

Width

30 m (98 ft)

Hei ht


155 metres (509 ft) (pylon)

Lon est span



420 m (1,378 ft)

Beginning date of construction

1995[2]

[2] Completion date 1998

Opened

1998-03-29

Toll

2.35 per passenger car (up to 10.10 per truck) northbound only 3845 32 N 902 19 W38.7589N

Coordinates

9.0387WCoordinates:

902 19 W38.7589N 9.0387W

Locale

Sacavm, nort of Lisbon (right bank)

Carri

Offi i l n

Ponte Vasco da Gama

Six road lanes

3845 32 N

The Vasco da Gama Bridge (Portuguese: Ponte Vasco da Gama; m ]) is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by pronounced [ pt ) va ku viaducts and rangeviews that spans the Tagus River near Lisbon, capital of Portugal. It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), and ninth longest in the world, with a total length of 17.2 km (10.7 mi), including 0.829 km (0.5 mi) for the main bridge, 11.5 km (7.1 mi) in viaducts, and 4.8 km (3.0 mi) in dedicated access roads. 25 Its purpose is to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's other bridge ( de Abril Bridge), and to join previously unconnected motorways radiating from Lisbon. The bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, 18 months after construction first began, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India.

Contents
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1 Description 2 Construction and cost 3 See also

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4 References 5 Source 6 E ternal links

[edi ] Descrip io
The bridge carries si road lanes, with a speed limit of 120 km/h (75 mph), the same as motorways, e cept on one section which is limited to 100 km/h (60 mph). On windy, rainy, and foggy days, the speed limit is reduced to 90 km/h (56 mph). The number of road lanes will be enlarged to eight when traffic reaches a daily average of 52,000. Bridge sections 1. 2. 3. 4. North access roads North viaduct - 488 m (1,601 ft) E po viaduct - 672 m (2,205 ft); 12 sections Main bridge - main span: 420 m (1,378 ft); side spans: 203 m (666 ft) each (total length: 829 m/2,720 ft); cement pillars: 150 m (492 ft)-high; free height for navigation in high tides: 45 m (148 ft); 5. Central viaduct - 6.351 m (20.84 ft); 80 pre-fabricated sections 78 m (256 ft)long; 81 pillars up to 95 m (312 ft)-deep; height from 14 m (46 ft) to 30 m (98 ft) 6. South viaduct - 3.825 m (12.55 ft); 45 m (148 ft) sections; 84 sections; 85 pillars 7. South access roads - 3.895 m (12.78 ft); includes the toll plaza (18 gates) and two service areas

[edi ] Co s ruc io a d cos

The project was split in four parts, each one built by a different company, and supervised by an independent consortium. There were up to 3,300 workers simultaneously on the project, which took 18 months of preparation and another 18 months of construction. The bridge has a life e pectancy of 120 years, having been designed to withstand wind speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph) and hold up to an earthquake 4.5 times stronger than the historical 1755 Lisbon earthquake (estimated at 8.7 on the Richter scale). The deepest foundation piles, up to 2.2 m (7.2 ft) in diameter, were driven down to 95 m (312 ft) under mean sea level. Due to the bridge's length, it was necessary to take the Earth's curvature into account to site the piers correctly, otherwise a deviation of 80 cm (31 in) would be apparent at either end of the bridge. Environmental pressure throughout the project resulted in the left-bank viaducts being e tended inland to preserve the marshes underneath, as well as the lamp posts throughout the bridge being tilted inwards so as not to cast light on the river below. The cost of the bridge came at zero to the State, as it was built in the BOT (buildoperate-transfer) system by Lusoponte, a private consortium which got a 40-year

concession on the tolls of both Lisbon bridges. Lusoponte's capital is 50.4% from Portuguese companies, 24.8% French and 24.8% British. As of 2009, the toll is 2.35 per passenger car (up to 10.10 per truck) northbound (into Lisbon). There is no toll for southbound traffic.

In the Network E pansion Plan (PER), providing the e tensions Rossio - Cais do Sodr and Restauradores - Bai a-Chiado, the disconnection of the Y e tension of the Rotunda and the Rato, and yet e tending to the suburbs and building on that site III of the PMO. In 1991, was presented the first prototype of ML90 series, consisting of two triple units (motor-trailer-motor) of si carriages, with the first one was numbered M-201, R-202 and M-203. The April 3, 1993 behold, Campo Grande station opens to the public, along with sections Alvalade - Campo Grande and CIdade Universitria - Campo Grande, with this e tension of the metro network grew 3.1 miles. That same month, would come into operation the two units triple ML90, with digital indicator target and generally more comfortable, it is noted that these four motor coaches were the only ones to have a front door to the driver's cab, which was removed already in the second series of ML90. These new trains were built by Sorefame / Bombardier, may move with or without the trailer. That was the year 1993 was presented the Network E pansion Plan II, intended to serve the future World E po 1998, until 1999, the subway would move the following lines:
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Line A (blue): Pontinha - Terreiro do Pao; Line B (yellow): Lumiar - Rato; Line C (green): Telheiras - Cais do Sodr; Line D (red): Alameda - Moscavide and Campolide - Star-connected station Rato.

The PMO II would be submitted in late 1994, after eleven years in the earthmoving and construction, at the end of this year, was eventually commissioned the second batch of 17 units consisting of ML90 triple (or 51 carriages). On July 15, 1995, the dream of the disconnection of the Rotunda became a reality, the subway in operation now had two lines: Line A (blue), between the Colgio Militar / Luz and Campo Grande, through the Rossio, and Line B (yellow), between Campo Grande and the Rotunda. The old station Rotunda (Rotunda now I) was e tended from 75 to 105 meters and totally refurbished, the new station (Rotunda II) already had a dock with 105 yards. No end of 1996, was completed and delivery of ML90, the second batch numbered M-207 M-257; colors and materials used in this second batch differed somewhat from

that made up the first. The park of rolling stock was now composed of 191 coaches, 80 of them ML70, ML90 54 ML79 and 57. On 18 October 1997, the section would be opened Colgio Militar / Luz - Pontinha, allowing the network to e pand by 1.6 kilometers, in December the same year it opened the season Mouse, 600 meters from the Rotunda II. However, continued in 1997, orders for a lot of new rolling stock, now known as ML95, these new coaches have a look similar to ML90 abroad, albeit with some technical differences like a different engine and electrical control for opening and closing Gates, who replaced the tire on its predecessors. The new logo of the Lisbon Metro was first inserted into the carriages of the new series, this year, was handed over half - 19 units triplets or 57 carriages - from the future lot of rolling stock. 1998 was a year when many of the projects were completed Metropolitano de Lisboa, as early as March the names of four seasons have changed:
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Sete Rios Jardim Zoolgico Straw Praa de Espanha I and II Rotunda Marqus de Pombal I and II Relief Martim Moniz

Em opened the section Rossio - Cais do Sodr, with two seasons: Bai a-Chiado and Cais do Sodr, the latter connecting to the interface of the CP rail and river, growing net 1.4 kilometers. The Red Line (Line D at the time) would be inaugurated on May 19, 1998, three days before the opening of E po 98, the section had a length of 5 kilometers and included seven new stations: Alameda II Olaias, Bela Vista, Chelas, Plantation, Cao Auburn and East. It was this line that circulated first si carriages of trains in June of that year, in order to provide an offer that behaved demand of the metro to E po '98, has completed delivery of ML95 at this time. The new series was numbered M-301 M414, being composed, similar to the previous configuration by motor-trailer-motor, in late 1998, the park of rolling stock of Metropolitano de Lisboa was composed of 305 cars - 80 ML70, ML79 54, 57 and 114 ML90 ML95. In late 1998 the network comprised 40 stations, having been open to the public in July Cabo Ruivo, Bai aChiado Plantation in August and November. In 1999 it opened the PMO III, Pontinha; this event was presented the prototype of the future lot of rolling stock, now known as ML97, which would consist of 18 units triplets (54 cars) articulated. This new series made possible the free movement between each unit, which is the big difference with the previous, in addition, the prototype had a more modern image, and also entered the digital automatic passenger information. According to data of Metropolitano de Lisboa, these triple trailer units can be removed, although this has never been witnessed in issue during the year 1999 was handed the new batch of rolling stock, numbered M-501 M-554. The park was the Metropolitano de Lisboa, at the turn of the millennium, with 361 cars spread across 80 ML70, ML79 54, 57 and 114 ML90 ML95 ML97 and 54, the largest number that hit today.
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Opened in December 1959 Original Network in 'Y' Shape; Stations: Sete Rios (Seven Rivers), Palhav, So Sebastio, Parque (Edward VII Park), Rotunda

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(Roundabout of Marqus de Pombal), Avenida (da Liberdade, Liberty Avenue), Restauradores (Restorers), Picoas, Saldanha (Saldanha Square), Campo Pequeno (Campo Pequeno Bullfight plaza) and Entre Campos; January 1963 New station: Rossio September 1966 New stations: Socorro, Intendente and Anjos June 1972 New stations: Arroios, Alameda (D. Afonso Henriques Boulevard), Areeiro (Areeiro Plaza), Roma (Rome Avenue) and Alvalade (Alvalade Square) October 1988 New stations: Laranjeiras (orange trees), Alto dos Moinhos (of Upper Mills), Colgio Militar (the Military College) and Cidade Universitria (University City) April 1993 New stations: Campo Grande July 1995 Disconnection of the Rotunda thus beginning a network by splitting the single 'Y' line in two separate lines (Blue and Yellow), public display of a new modernization plan that involves the creation of several independent interconnected lines and a new corporate identity. October 1997 New stations in the Blue Line: Carnide and Pontinha December 1997 New station in the Yellow Line: Rato March 1998 Disconnecting the section Restauradores - Rossio; Creation of the Green Line (Socorro, Intentente, Anjos, Arroios, Alameda, Areeiro, Roma, Alvalade and Campo Grande - common to the Yellow Line), renaming of several stations : Rotunda to Marqus de Pombal, Sete Rios to Jardim Zoolgico (Zoo), Palhav to Praa de Espanha (Plaza of Spain) and Socorro to Martim Moniz; April 1998 New stations in the Green Line: Bai a / Chiado (Pombaline Downtown an Chiado neighbourwood) and Cais do Sodr May 1998 Opening of the Red Line, with 5 new stations: Alameda II, Olaias, Bela Vista, Chelas and Oriente July 1998 New station in the Red line: Cabo Ruivo August 1998 New station in the Blue Line: Bai a / Chiado II November 1998 New station in the Red Line: Olivais November 2002 New station in the Green Line: Telheiras March 2004 New stations in the Yellow line, e tending it to the outskirts of Lisbon: Quinta das Conchas (Farm of the Shells), Lumiar, Amei oeira (Kaffir), Senhor Roubado and Odivelas May 2004 New stations in the Blue Line : Alfornelos and Amadora Este (East Amadora) December 2007: New stations in the Blue Line terreiro do Pao (Palace Square) and Santa Apolonia August 2009 New stations in the Red Line: Saldanha II and So. Sebastio II, first time that all 4 lines are truly interconnected, strengthening the network,