VANTAGE Plant Design (PDMS)

Version 11.6

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production Training Manual

VANTAGE VANTAGE VANTAGE VANTAGE

TRAINING TRAINING TRAINING TRAINING

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Contents
Session 1................................................................. 1-1
Introduction to Draft..................................................................................... 1-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 1-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 1-1 The strengths and structure of PDMS ........................................................ 1-2 The structure and functions of Draft ........................................................... 1-2 General functions ....................................................................................... 1-3 Hierarchy.................................................................................................... 1-3 Labelling..................................................................................................... 1-3 Dimensioning ............................................................................................. 1-4 2D drafting ................................................................................................. 1-4 Automatic drawing production application.................................................. 1-4 AutoDRAFT application.............................................................................. 1-5 Administration ............................................................................................ 1-5

Session 2................................................................. 2-1

Getting Started ............................................................................................. 2-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 2-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 2-1 Basic information........................................................................................ 2-2 Using the mouse ........................................................................................ 2-2 Using menus .............................................................................................. 2-2 Using forms ................................................................................................ 2-3 Using text boxes......................................................................................... 2-3 Using drop-down lists................................................................................. 2-4 Using option buttons .................................................................................. 2-4 Using check boxes ..................................................................................... 2-4 Using scrollable lists................................................................................... 2-5 Using action buttons................................................................................... 2-5 Responding to alert forms .......................................................................... 2-5 Exercise 1 - Logging in............................................................................... 2-6

Session 3................................................................. 3-1

The Draft Display.......................................................................................... 3-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 3-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 3-1 The Draft startup display ............................................................................ 3-2 Title Bar...................................................................................................... 3-3 Main Menu Bar........................................................................................... 3-3 The Toolbars .............................................................................................. 3-3 The Main Display forms ............................................................................. 3-4 Using on-line help ...................................................................................... 3-5

Contents-i

Exercise 2 - On-Line Help...........................................................................3-6 Loading an existing drawing sheet .............................................................3-7 The Draft database hierarchy .....................................................................3-7 The Draft Explorer ......................................................................................3-8 Exercise 3 - Displaying the sheet ...............................................................3-9 Using the mouse and keyboard to manipulate the view of the sheet ........ 3-10 Zooming and panning ...............................................................................3-12 Exercise 4 - Viewing Controls ...................................................................3-14

Session 4 ................................................................ 4-1

Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet .................................4-1 Objectives...................................................................................................4-1 Must Know Points .......................................................................................4-1 Creating a Department ...............................................................................4-2 Creating a Registry .....................................................................................4-4 Creating Drawings and Sheets ...................................................................4-6 Exercise 5 Creating Drawings and Sheets ............................................ 4-10

Session 5 ................................................................ 5-1

View Creation ................................................................................................5-1 Objectives...................................................................................................5-1 Must Know Points .......................................................................................5-1 Views ..........................................................................................................5-2 Creating User-Defined Views .....................................................................5-3 Manipulating a View Frame ........................................................................5-4 Setting the Centre of Interest of a View ......................................................5-7 Setting the Contents of a View ...................................................................5-8 Setting View Attributes.............................................................................. 5-12 Using Predefined Frame Configurations...................................................5-15 Exercise 6 Creating Views ..................................................................... 5-16

Session 6 ................................................................ 6-1

Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View .......................................6-1 Objectives...................................................................................................6-1 Must Know Points .......................................................................................6-1 The main features of the 3D View ..............................................................6-3 Manipulating the 3D View ...........................................................................6-6 Manipulating the Viewfinder........................................................................6-7 Selecting 3D Content..................................................................................6-9 Updating the design.................................................................................. 6-10 Exercise 7 - Populating the 2D View using a 3D View.............................. 6-11

Session 7 ................................................................ 7-1

Labelling ........................................................................................................7-1 Objectives...................................................................................................7-1 Must Know Points .......................................................................................7-1 Label Types ................................................................................................7-2

Contents-ii

Main features of a Label............................................................................. 7-3 Creating Layers.......................................................................................... 7-3 Creating a General label ............................................................................ 7-5 Label Contents ........................................................................................... 7-8 Modify mode............................................................................................... 7-9 Gaps in Leader Lines ............................................................................... 7-19 Creating Symbolic Labels ........................................................................ 7-20 Modifying Labels ...................................................................................... 7-22 Exercise 8 - Labelling............................................................................... 7-27

Session 8................................................................. 8-1

Dimensioning................................................................................................ 8-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 8-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 8-1 Creating linear dimensions......................................................................... 8-3 Deleting dimension points .......................................................................... 8-7 Modifying linear dimensions graphically..................................................... 8-7 Angular dimensions.................................................................................. 8-10 Modifying angular dimensions graphically................................................ 8-12 Radial dimensions.................................................................................... 8-13 Modifying radial dimensions graphically................................................... 8-14 Exercise 9 - Dimensions .......................................................................... 8-15

Session 9................................................................. 9-1

2D Drafting .................................................................................................... 9-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 9-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 9-1 2D Drafting ................................................................................................. 9-2 The 2D Drafting hierarchy .......................................................................... 9-2 Creating sheet note and view note elements ............................................. 9-3 Creating primitives ..................................................................................... 9-4 Editing 2D primitives graphically ................................................................ 9-5 Individual Primitives ................................................................................... 9-6 Miscellaneous Construction Options ........................................................ 9-17 2D Settings .............................................................................................. 9-21 2D Utilities ................................................................................................ 9-22 Exercise 10 2D Draughting ................................................................... 9-24

Session 10 ............................................................. 10-1

Section Planes............................................................................................ 10-1 Objectives ................................................................................................ 10-1 Must Know Points .................................................................................... 10-1 Section Planes ......................................................................................... 10-2 Creating Flat Planes (Traditional Method)................................................ 10-3 Modifying Flat Planes (Traditional Method) .............................................. 10-4 Creating Stepped Planes Using 3D View................................................. 10-5 Creating a Section Plane ......................................................................... 10-6

Contents-iii

Editing a Section Plane............................................................................. 10-8 Exercise 6 Section Planes ...................................................................10-10

Appendix A ............................................................ 11-1

View Types .................................................................................................. 11-1

Appendix B ............................................................ 12-1

Intelligent Text and Alternative Character Set.......................................... 12-1 Intelligent Text ..........................................................................................12-1 Alternative Character Set.......................................................................... 12-3

Appendix C ............................................................ 13-1

DRAFT Database Hierarchy ....................................................................... 13-1

Appendix D ............................................................ 14-1

Example Sheets .......................................................................................... 14-1 Dimensioning Example Sheets ................................................................. 14-1 Labelling Example Sheets ........................................................................ 14-6

Contents-iv

Session
Introduction to Draft
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Describe the various applications within Draft

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The basic Draft principle.

1-1

Introduction to Draft

The strengths and structure of PDMS

PDMS is a powerful suite of facilities, for the design of Process Plant, the emphasis being on maximising both design consistency and design productivity: The design modelling functions incorporate a degree of apparent intelligence that enables them to make sensible decisions about the consequential effects of many of your design choices. This allows you to implement a sequence of related decisions with a minimum of effort. You can incorporate modifications into your design at any stage without fear of invalidating any of your prior work, because data-consistency checking is an integral part of the product. PDMS automatically manages drawing production, material take-off reports, and so on, by reading all design data directly from a common set of databases, to prevent errors from being introduced by transcribing information between different disciplines. The applications let you check all aspects of your design as work progresses. This includes on-line interdisciplinary clash detection, so the chances of errors and inconsistencies reaching the final documented design are reduced to an exceptionally low level. The applications are controlled from a graphical user interface. This means that all design, drawing and reporting operations are initiated by selecting choices from menus, and by entering data into on-screen forms. For ease of use, pictorial icons also represent many common actions. On-screen help is available to assist you whenever you need help. PDMS is subdivided into modules, which are used to carry out specific types of operation. This guide covers the Draft module, which is used for generating annotated and dimensioned drawings of 3D models, produced in the Design module.

The structure and functions of Draft

Draft is the drawing production module of PDMS. It allows you to generate fully annotated engineering drawings directly from data in the PDMS Design model. Drawings can be easily updated to reflect changes in the design model. Within Draft there are applications that are used for specific functions associated with the production of drawings. These applications are called: General Auto Drawing Production Autodraft. The functions of the applications, together with some notes on administration, are discussed in the following sub-sections.

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Introduction to Draft

General functions
The Draft Graphical User Interface has been designed to allow you to generate and retrieve industry-standard engineering drawings quickly and efficiently. You can then add dimensioning and other annotations. You do not need to make any calculations or input any data, as all annotation information comes directly from the design model. Drawing Creation You select the particular part of the design model and the direction and scale to use. The design model can be viewed from any angle at any scale, including isometric views, with perspective if required. The appearance of the 3D graphics is controlled from representation rules that are pre-defined by the project administrator. This allows different types of design items to have different line styles applied to them. You can select the required representation during view creation. Various levels of wireline and hidden-line removal can be used. Sectional views can be generated by the creation of flat or stepped section planes, and there are no restrictions on the number of planes created or the selection of items that can be sectioned. The scale of the 3D graphics can be selected from a set of Metric, Architectural and Engineering values, with the option of an automatic scale selection to use the largest scale possible for the given design data and drawing sheet size.

Hierarchy
Facilities are available for specifying details of the hierarchy within the Draft database for the location of the drawings and their sheets.

Labelling
Labels can be attached to any design element and used to display any attribute of the element. You can control the format, content and appearance of the labels, with suitable project defaults defined by the administrator. Direct reference to the design data, combined with a simple update annotation operation, means that the annotation always reflects the current state of the design model. The position and orientation of the labels can be modified graphically, to ensure a clear drawing layout. Automatic labelling (Autotagging) Labels can be automatically generated for a set of design items that match a tagging rule. The rule sets determine the type of label and which design items the labels will be applied to. For example, you could label all nozzles that have a bore of >100mm and

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Introduction to Draft

<300mm with a pressure rating of #150. After the labels have been created, they can be automatically updated to reflect any changes to the design model. When the labels have been created, you can adjust their positions graphically.

Dimensioning
There are three generic dimension types available in Draft, namely, Linear, Angular and Radial. These allow intelligent dimensions to be created to dimensioning standards. Dimensions are calculated directly from the design model. You can control the format, content and appearance of the dimensions. The administrator can define suitable project defaults. As with labelling, direct reference to the design data means that the annotation always reflects the current state of the design model, with a simple update annotation operation. The position and orientation of dimensions can be adjusted graphically.

2D drafting
Draft's intelligent 2D drafting allows you to generate additional 2D annotation on the drawing sheet. Operations such as grouping, multiple copying, rubber banding, nested symbols, symbol libraries, and full element editing functions are available. Like other Draft data, all 2D annotation can be linked to the design data and so can easily be updated to follow the changes that occur in the design model.

Automatic drawing production application

The Automatic Drawing Production application enables you to produce annotated drawings automatically. You can set rules that determine how the annotation is produced. The drawings can then be edited, if necessary, using the normal drawing editing options in Draft. The application contains three separate utilities, which are used for different disciplines. The utilities are: General ADP Steelwork Detailing Hangers & Supports ADP.

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Introduction to Draft

AutoDRAFT application
This application is the Draft two-way interface to AutoCAD. (It is not included in the tutorial exercise in this manual.) It is possible to transfer a Draft drawing directly across to AutoCAD, where some users prefer to perform final annotation before drawing issue. The transferred drawing maintains the exact style and representation as set from Draft. The user can develop symbol libraries and drawing frames in AutoCAD and import these directly for use in Draft prior to returning the drawing from AutoCAD into Draft.

Administration
This Guide only deals with the Draft User Applications. If you have administration rights within Draft, you will be able to use the Administration applications. For more information see the VANTAGE PDMS Draft Administrator Application User Guide. A brief summary of the Administration facilities follows. The Draft administrator uses the administration application to customise Draft, by setting default attributes and creating libraries of drawing frames, symbols and labels. The Administrator can set default representation rules, labelling rules, naming conventions, line styles and hatching patterns. Template drawings, which contain predefined drawing data, can be set up, thus reducing drawing creation time. Symbology The Draft administrator can generate suites of symbols to be used in both 2D annotation and as part of a symbolic label definition. The symbols are built up from standard 2D annotation elements and can be created by grouping the existing 2D annotations. The library approach to symbol definition maximises drawing consistency, whilst minimising the required storage space for the symbol itself.

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Introduction to Draft

1-6

Session
Getting Started
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:

Use the mouse and elements of the windows, menus and forms from the PDMS graphical user interface. Log in to PDMS. Use on-line help.

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: All of the Above

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Getting Started

Basic information
This section is intended for readers who are unfamiliar with computer practices. It provides information on the use of the mouse and describes the elements that regularly appear in the windows of the graphical user interface.

Using the mouse

You use the mouse to steer the graphics pointer around the screen. The appearance of the pointer changes according to the type of display item that is underneath it. There are three buttons on the mouse. These perform different tasks depending on the type of window, and the position occupied by the pointer within the window. The left-hand mouse button has these functions: On a graphical view, clicking the left-hand button with the pointer over a Design element in a Drawing results in that element being selected in the Design Explorer see section 3.6.1. Clicking on a Draft element (for example a Dimension or a Label) results in that element being selected in the Draft Explorer see section 3.5.2. In a sequence of menus, dragging with the left-hand button activates the command represented by the highlighted menu option when the button is released. On a form, the effect varies according to the selected item. The middle mouse button or wheel is used primarily to manipulate the graphical view contents. The right-hand button is used to access pop-up menu options specific to the graphical view window.

Using menus
Menu options in pull-down or shortcut menus (the menu revealed by pressing and holding down the right-hand mouse button) can be in any of three formats: Standalone options initiate an action immediately. Options followed by three dots display a form requiring further input from the user in order to complete the action. Options followed by a pointer, display a subsidiary menu that offers a further range of options. Throughout this guide, related selections from menus are abbreviated using the > symbol as a separator. For example: Select Utilities>Reports>Create means: a) b) Select Utilities from the bar men. Select Reports from the resulting pull-down menu

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Getting Started

c)

Move the pointer to the right and select Create from the resultant submenu.

Using forms
Forms are used both to display information and to let you enter new data. Forms typically comprise an arrangement of buttons of various types, text-boxes, and scrollable lists. Input to a form is usually by use of the mouse and keyboard. While you have access to a form, you can change a setting, return to the initial values, accept and act on the current data, or cancel the form without applying any changes, according to the nature of the form. Forms can include any of the following elements, the uses of which are described in the following sections: text boxes drop-down lists option buttons check boxes scrollable lists action buttons.

Using text boxes

Text boxes are the areas where you type in alphanumeric data such as names or dimensions. A text box will usually have a label to tell you what to enter. A text-box often contains a default entry (such as unset) when first displayed. Some text boxes accept only text or only numeric data, and entries with the wrong type of data are not accepted. To enter data into a text box: Click in the box to insert the text-editing pointer (a vertical bar). Type in the required data, editing any existing entry as necessary. (You may need to delete the existing entry first.) You can edit the contents of the text box by moving the pointer using the arrow keys or by moving the pointer with the mouse and clicking the left mouse button. You can delete text by using the Backspace key to delete characters to the left-hand of the pointer or the Delete key for those to the right-hand. When you have finished, confirm the entry by pressing the Enter (or Return) key. A yellow background highlights any text box with an unconfirmed setting.

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Getting Started

Using drop-down lists

Drop-down lists let you choose one option from a multiple selection. The list will usually have a label to tell you what you are setting and will show the current selection. They typically have the following appearance:

To change the setting, click on the down arrow or button face to reveal the full list of available options. Then pick the required option. When the arrow has a bar under it, clicking on the button leads to another form, at which the required option can be selected from a scrollable list.

Using option buttons

Option buttons (radio buttons) are used to select one, and only one, from a group of options. The selection is mutually exclusive, so that selecting one option deselects others in that group automatically. They typically have the following appearance: Option selected Option not selected To change the selected option button in a group, click the required button.

Using check boxes

Check boxes are used to switch an option between two states, typically set and unset. Unlike option buttons, they do not interact, so that you can set any combination of check boxes at the same time. They typically have the following appearance: Set Unset

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Getting Started

Using scrollable lists

A scrollable list is displayed as a vertical list of options within the form, with vertical and horizontal scroll bars along its sides. To select an option, click on the line you want. The selected line is highlighted. Some scrollable lists let you make only a single selection, so that selecting any option deselects all others automatically. Other lists let you make multiple selections, with all selected options highlighted simultaneously. You can deselect a highlighted option in a multiple-choice list by clicking on it again (repeated clicks toggle a selection).

Using action buttons

Most forms include one or more action buttons. You use these to tell PDMS what to do with the details you have entered in the form. The common action buttons are: Tells PDMS to accept the current form settings, and closes the form. Cancels any changes you have made to the form, and closes the form. Tells PDMS to accept the current form settings, and leaves the form displayed for further use. Cancels any changes you have made to the form, and leaves the form displayed for further use. Closes the form, keeping the current settings. Some forms contain more specific types of control button, which carry out particular command options. The action is indicated by the name of the button (such as Add or Remove).

Responding to alert forms

Alert forms are used to display information such as error messages, prompts and requests for confirmation of changes. You should respond by carrying out the prompted task, or by clicking on the control buttons on the form (usually an OK or Cancel button).

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Getting Started

Exercise 1 - Logging in
Your trainer will have provided for you a PDMS Icon.

Start PDMS by double-clicking on the PDMS icon. The following VANTAGE PDMS Login form appears, at which you specify a number of details at the start of your session.

Click on the VANTAGE PDMS Login form to make it active. Note: The following entries made at this form are specifically for the tutorial. Those required for your own project will be different. Enter, or select using the dropdown list button, the name of the Project in which you want to work. For this training we are using the SAM project. Enter, or select using the dropdown list button, your Username. Your trainer will advice you of your username, password and MDB, it will be of the form USERA, USERB, USERC etc. (in upper case). Enter your allocated Password, which is A for USERA, B for USERB and C for USERC etc. (in upper case). The textbox displays an asterisk for each entered letter. Enter, or select using the dropdown list button, the part of the project Multiple Database (MDB) you want to work in. For USERA the MDB is TRAINA, USERB the MDB is TRAINB, USERC the MDB is TRAINC etc. Using the dropdown list, select the name of the module you wish to use. This is Draft.

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Getting Started

Make sure that you leave the Read Only box unchecked, so that you can modify the database as you work. You must specify which files (Load from) to load at startup. The options are the application default settings (Macro Files) or a customised setup saved during an earlier session (Load from Binary Files). During this training we will always select Macro Files as we learn by repeatedly doing the same thing. The login form will be similar to the one above. Click on the OK button.

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Getting Started

2-8

Session
The Draft Display
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Manipulate the Draft Display Use On-line help Understand the Draft Hierarchy

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: All of the Above

3-1

The Draft Display

The Draft startup display

When Draft has loaded, the Draft Main Display occupies the screen. The Main Display contains a number of sub-windows (more properly forms). The main display would typically appear as:

You can reposition or minimise these forms at any time by using the standard Windows management controls. Note that all the forms in the Draft Main Display (except the Drawing Window) can be set to the standard Windows Dockable, Hide, Floating or Auto Hide display modes by selecting from the shortcut menu in the title bar of the form. See the PDMS online help for more details. The features of the main window, as illustrated above, are summarised here. The tutorial exercise explains when relevant elements are selected to achieve particular objectives. For a detailed description of all elements, reference should be made to the online help.

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The Draft Display

Title Bar
This shows that the current PDMS module is Draft, and the application name, which in this case is General. The Main Display is maximised and therefore [Main Display] appears in the title bar.

Main Menu Bar

This displays the names of the available drop-down menus. The menu bar can be repositioned and resized as described for toolbars (see below). For reference, the online help provides details of all menu options.

The Toolbars
The toolbars provide shortcuts to various Draft functions. The toolbars will be introduced and described as the training progresses. Each toolbar is also described in the Draft online help. A menu showing the available toolbars can be displayed by positioning the pointer over a toolbar and clicking the mouse right-hand button. The menu enables you to display or hide a selected toolbar, the menu is displayed using the RH Mouse Button on the Main Menu Bar.

You can reposition and resize the toolbars as required using standard Windows manipulation methods, and detailed toolbar manipulation information can be found in the online help for any Microsoft Office product. In summary: To move a toolbar, rest the pointer over the vertical dotted line at the left-hand edge of the toolbar, press and hold down the left-hand mouse button and move the toolbar as desired:

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The Draft Display

(If you only move the the main toolbar.)

symbol horizontally, you are able to move the toolbar within

If you resize the main Draft window to make it smaller, you will find that the toolbars will also reduce in size and a Toolbar Options symbol will appear at the right-hand end of the toolbar:

Left-clicking anywhere on the Toolbar Options symbol will bring up a graphical menu enabling you to select the missing icons from the toolbar. For example:

In this case the Default toolbar normally appears as:

The Main Display forms

The forms within the Main Display window will be introduced and described as the tutorial in this manual progresses. Each form is also described in the Draft online help. Status Line This displays prompts and other information about Draft's current operation. You should look at it frequently, especially if the system appears to be waiting for you to do something. It will always prompt you for any input or action, which is required to carry out the next step of your current activity.

If the prompt lets you repeat a task an unspecified number of times, such as picking a selection of items using the pointer, you must press the Escape key when you have finished indicating that you are ready to move to the next operation. Drawing Window The above illustration shows the Main Display window in restored size. Drawings produced by Draft are displayed in this window. It has a pop-up menu, activated by the mouse right-hand button.

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The Draft Display

Drawing Window toolbar This contains buttons that are used when modifying and creating drawings. From top to bottom, they are Reset Limits, Modify Mode, Snap to Grid, Display Grid and Restore View 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Using on-line help

Most bar menus end with a Help option. Where available, on-line help gives detailed instructions on the use of the forms and menus in each application. You are advised to make full use of the on-line help facilities whenever you want clarification of any operations, during the later steps of the exercise. The Help option gives you the following choices from its submenu: Help>Contents This displays the Help tri-pane window with the Contents tab at the front so that you can find the required topic from the hierarchical contents list. Help>Index This displays the Help tri-pane window with the Index tab at the front so that you can find all topics relevant to a selected keyword. Help>Search This displays the Help tri-pane window with the Search tab at the front so that you can enter a word or words to search for. Help>About This displays information about the version of PDMS that you are using. More Info... lists the version numbers of the libraries being used by the displayed version of PDMS. Pressing the F1 key at any time will display the help topic for the currently active window.

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The Draft Display

Exercise 2 - On-Line Help

Experiment with each of the Help options until you understand the search and navigation facilities for finding specific items of information. Use the F1 button to read the help texts for any forms, which you can currently see on your screen. When you are ready to continue, close any forms that you have been experimenting with as follows: If a form has a Dismiss button, click this button. If a form has its own menu bar, select Control>Close from that menu. Close any Help windows, which are displayed by double clicking in the control box in the top left-hand corner of each window.

Do not close the Main Display window, because you will use it in the next part of the exercise.

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The Draft Display

Loading an existing drawing sheet

We need to load an existing drawing sheet from the Sample project, so that the exercise can continue with practising the use of the mouse. Before we load the sheet, the following short explanation of how elements are stored in the Draft database hierarchy, will be helpful.

The Draft database hierarchy

The Draft database is a tree structure, which for reference purposes is illustrated in Appendix C. The above hierarchy shows the part of the tree that is relevant to displaying drawings and sheets. The World is the top element. The next level down in the structure is a Department. The World can own several Departments, which are known as its Members, and the World is known as the Owner of the Departments. Departments can own Registries, which can own Drawings, which can own Sheets. Later we will discuss the members of Sheets, but knowledge the above hierarchy is sufficient for the purpose of displaying a sheet.

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The Draft Display

You can view the elements of the hierarchy in the Draft Explorer, but you cannot display them graphically. For more details of these elements, see the VANTAGE PDMS Draft User Guide, Part 1.

The Draft Explorer

At the top-left of the Main Display you will see the Draft Explorer form. Click the + sign to the left of the World icon:

Clicking the + sign shows the elements under the World which, in the Sample project, as supplied, looks like this:

When you look at the Draft Explorer you will see that the first (top) element is the WORL (world) element. The World is shown in the Draft Explorer as * and cannot be either created or deleted. The World signifies owns all members displayed below it. Note the Filter tool. This enables the list of items to be filtered according to whether the user is a General User or an Administrator. The Administrator will be able to see more than a general user, but display of the DEPT (Department) and REGI (Registry) administrative elements will be skipped, only the contents of (Drawings or Libraries) of these elements will be displayed. Select the Filter check box, then select General User or Administrator from the adjacent list to see the effects of using this tool. There are two Departments supplied with the product: Project_Libraries contains sample sheets. Master_Libraries containing standard backing sheets, symbol libraries etc.

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The Draft Display

PDMS has a serialisation feature, which means it will remember the state of the Main Display when you leave Draft and re-enter it, so you dont have to remember how the display looked and recreate it.

Exercise 3 - Displaying the sheet

In the Draft Explorer, select the DEPT /Project_Libraries by clicking on the + sign next to it with the left-hand mouse button. The hierarchy, shown in the Explorer, will then be expanded to show the REGIs owned by the DEPT. Continue to work down the tree by selecting the following elements: REGI /DRA/PRJ/TMP/PIPING DRWG /DRA/PRJ/TMP/PIPING/A0 SHEE /DRA/PRJ/TMP/PIPING/A0/S1 Note that the element selected in the Explorer is known as the Current Element, that is, the element on which you want to carry out the next operation. Display the Working Sheet toolbar, if it is not already displayed, and then display the /DRA/PRJ/TMP/PIPING/A0/S1 Drawing Sheet in the Drawing Display window by clicking on the button on the toolbar:

The Name of the sheet will be displayed in the Working Sheet toolbar list next to the button (you may need to resize the toolbar to see this) and the currently selected Layer will appear in the Layers toolbar. The sheet will be displayed in the Drawing Display.

A large selection of Layers (selectable from the Layers toolbar list or the Draft Explorer) exist below the Sheet (below View level), ready for when you come to create Dimensions, Labels or 2D primitive annotation. (This will be described later in the training)

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The Draft Display

The Sheet displayed is a Draft backing Sheet containing one empty view:

Using the mouse and keyboard to manipulate the view of the sheet
Mouse buttons Left-hand button As previously mentioned, clicking the left-hand button with the pointer over an element makes the element the Current Element. The element may be a Design element (part of the engineering item displayed) or a Draft element (for example, the outline of the drawing sheet, a label, or a dimension). If a Draft element is clicked, the Draft Explorer changes appropriately, for example:

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The Draft Display

(The highlighted element shows that a View Note has been selected.) Similarly, if a Design element is clicked, the Design Explorer display will change:

(showing that a Cylinder primitive within Equipment /D1201 has been selected.)

3-11

The Draft Display

Middle button The middle button allows you to increase and decrease the scale of the displayed view, as follows: Windowing in. Position the pointer at one corner of the imaginary rectangle enclosing the part of the sheet that you want to fill the Drawing display. Hold down the middle button and move the pointer to the diagonally opposite corner of the rectangle. A 'rubber band' rectangle, enclosing the area, will be displayed. When you release the mouse button, the chosen area will fill the display area. Zooming in. Position the pointer at the point you want to become the centre of the view. Hold down the (shift) key and repeatedly click the middle button, as required. After each click, the display zooms in by a factor of 1.5, centred on the current pointer position. Zooming out. Position the pointer at the point you want to become the centre of view. Repeatedly click the middle button, as required. After each click, the display zooms out by a factor of 1.5, centred on the current pointer position. If your mouse has a wheel, then rotating the wheel away from you will zoom in, towards you will zoom out.

Right-hand button Clicking the right-hand button, when the pointer is in the main display, activates a shortcut menu. At this stage, the only option that you should use is Reset Limits. The effect of this is to zoom out until the full extent of the Sheet is displayed.

Zooming and panning

Zooming We have just discussed Windowing in, Zooming in and Zooming out using the mouse middle button or wheel. Here are some additional features: The Pg Up key can be used for zooming in. The Pg Dn key can be used for zooming out. Holding down the Ctrl key while zooming in or zooming out using the middle mouse button, doubles the zoom factor. The numeric keypad odd-numbered keys can be used for zooming (see the diagram below).

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The Draft Display

Panning Panning (moving the displayed area across the overall drawing) can be achieved by the following methods, once you have zoomed in. Use the mouse pointer to drag the Drawing display slider controls. Use the up/down, left/right arrow keyboard (see diagram below). As required, hold down the Ctrl key to increase the step size by a factor of 10. Or, as required, hold down the (shift) key to decrease the step size by a factor of 10.

Use the numeric keypad even-numbered keys, as shown below:

7 In 4

9 In

1 Out

3 Out

Arrow keys pan in directions shown

Numeric Keypad keys 2, 4, 6, 8 pan in directions shown by half view width. Keys 7 and 9 zoom in Keys 1 and 3 zoom out

3-13

The Draft Display

Exercise 4 - Viewing Controls

Now you can familiarise yourself with some of Drafts viewing controls. Experiment by using the mouse, as described above.

Switch on the Display Grid, by clicking on the Display Grid the toolbar at the side of the Drawing display window.

button. This is on

Note: Elements of a drawing can be positioned at grid points, by clicking on the SNAP to grid button . This feature will be discussed later in the course.

When you are ready to continue, close any forms that you have been experimenting with. Close any Help windows that are displayed, by clicking in the control box in the top left-hand corner of each window. Hide the Grid using the Grid Icon

Do not close the Main Display window, because you will use it in the next parts of the exercise.

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Session

Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create a Draft Hierarchy to start Drawing Production. Create a Drawing from a Template or Explicitly. Create a Sheet from a Template or Explicitly

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The use of different Administrative elements in the Draft hierarchy. The difference between Drawings and Sheets created by Templates or Explicitly.

4-1

Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

This Chapter describes how to create a drawing sheet belonging to a new branch of the Draft hierarchy. There is a method of creating a Drawing Sheet from a standard template with a single click. That is described at the end of this Session, but first we will describe the full way of creating a Drawing so as to familiarise you with part of the Draft database hierarchy and some Draft concepts. An administrative element can be created only at one level lower than an existing element, which will then own it. Consequently, as we are going to create a drawing in a new branch of the hierarchy, we must create the upper elements of that branch, firstly a Department and then a Registry, before we create the Drawing and its Sheet.

Creating a Department
Departments can be created only under the World level. From the bar menu at the top of the screen, Create>Department (It doesnt matter where you are in the database hierarchy, Draft will automatically create the Department at the correct level.) The Create DEPT form is displayed, which you can use to name your DEPT. A default name, DEPT1, is shown in the Name text box.

You would normally change the name of the Department to something meaningful, but in the following form examples it is left at its default. If you want to change the name, move the pointer into the text box and click the left mouse button. Type the name, making sure that you do not use spaces.

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Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

When you click OK on the Create DEPT form, the Department Information form is displayed.

The Department Information form shows the name of the DEPT and gives you the opportunity to automatically create a Registry and/or to set up attributes of the Department. To view the range of available attributes, click on the Attributes button. The Department Attributes form is then displayed.

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Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

The attributes set at this form are default properties of the Sheets that will eventually be created in the branch below the Department. The attributes are cascaded down through the Registries and Drawings, but they can be changed at any level. The Draft Administrator would normally se the default attributes, and so just click on the Dismiss button to close the form. Ensure that the Create Registry checkbox on the Department Information form is selected, as it is when the form is first displayed, when the OK button is selected the Create REGI form will be displayed.

Creating a Registry
The Create REGI form should be displayed at the end of the previous step. However, if the Create Registry checkbox on the Department Information form was off, the Create REGI form does not automatically appear. In these circumstances, it can be displayed by use of the Create>Registry option on the bar menu.

As for the equivalent form for a Department, this form allows you to change the default name. The default name as REGI1. When OK is selected the Registry Information form will be displayed.

4-4

Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

The Registry Information form shows the name of the Registry and DEPT and gives you the opportunity to automatically create a drawing and/or to set up attributes of the Registry. The Create Drawing checkbox enables you to select whether or not a drawing is automatically created. If the checkbox is selected, then the method of drawing creation will depend on whether you select the Explicitly or From Template option button. The difference is explained later. The Attributes button displays the Registry Attributes form. This form is not illustrated here, as the attributes are as shown on the Department Attributes form we will use the default attributes. If the Create Drawing checkbox and the From Template option button are selected. The Create DRWG form is then displayed.

Again the drawing Name could be changed the default DR1, when OK is selected the Drawing and Sheet Templates form is displayed:

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Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

Creating Drawings and Sheets

There are two methods of creating Drawings, Explicitly or From Template. Both methods are available, regardless of whether you create the drawing by selecting Create Drawing button on the Registry Information form, or by selecting Create>Drawing at the Draft General bar menu. From Template If you create a drawing from a template, several other elements will be created automatically. The Drawing will own a Sheet, which will own at least one View. The View will own several Layers, which are discussed later. There may be other elements, such as Sheet Notes, which are used to store text and primitives for the 2D Drafting. The Drawing will also own a Library. Draft makes extensive use of libraries, most of which are set up by the System Administrator. Users can only extract information from libraries; not change them. Libraries are used to store things like symbols and Drawlists (which you will use later to define the contents of a View). Libraries are accessed by the Application automatically and, therefore, you will not need to access them directly. You should not try to rename or delete Libraries or their members. The Drawing and Sheet Templates form enables you to select the source of the template, the drawing size and the Sheet number of that drawing. Note: At the top of the form, the Mode is set to Drawing Creation. If the form is used for creating a Sheet, the Mode is set to Sheet Creation, but otherwise the form is unchanged. The Options drop-down list shows the drawing disciplines that contain the drawing template libraries, as set up by the System Administrator. An example of this is the equipment template, which is /DRA/PRJ/TMP/EQUI or the A0 option (/DRA/PRJ/TMP/EQUI/A0) from the Drawings list (this one is already selected by default). The template includes a single sheet (/DRA/PRJ/TMP/EQUI/A0/S1) displayed and selected in the Sheets list. A Sheet having all the attributes of the template will be created, and displayed in the Drawing Window, as shown below.

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Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

We have now created the administrative elements that define the Drawing Sheet. In the next Session we will specify which engineering items are to appear on the Sheet. To do this, we modify the View created by the template. There is a quick way to create a Drawing Sheet. Simply click on the Create New From Default Template button on the toolbar of the same name:

A Drawing Sheet (looking just like the one we have just created) will appear in the Drawing View. Note that there has been no need to name the Sheet; it is named automatically (as /DR1/S1 if it is the first such Sheet to be created) and the hierarchy above and below it is created automatically. (You can select drawing templates other than the default; see the Draft online help for details.)

4-7

Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

Explicitly If you create a drawing explicitly, you will have to use the Create options on the main bar menu to create all of its member elements, such as Sheets and their Views. Create > Drawing > Explicitly

The Drawing Definition for is displayed, the Drawing Title, Date and Drawn By should be entered:

You must remember to Select Apply before you Dismiss the form. As you are creating the Drawing Explicitly you must not create at least one sheet. Create > Sheet > Explicitly

4-8

Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

You should specify the Sheets Title and select the Sheet Size and Backing Sheet requirement.

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Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

Exercise 5 Creating Drawings and Sheets

Navigate to the World in your Draft database and create a Department named TRAINING_DEPT. Make sure that the Create Registry checkbox on the Department Information form is checked and create a Registry named TRAINING_REGI. On the Registry Information form click the Attributes button to display the Registry Attributes form and note the settings that may be made from the form. Do NOT make any changes to the attributes. Dismiss the Registry Attributes form to go back to the Registry Information form.. Make sure that the Create Drawing checkbox on the Registry Information form is checked, click the Explicitly radio button and create a Drawing called DRG_1. On the Drawing Definition form give the drawing the title GENERAL ARRANGEMENT , type your initials in the Drawn By text box and click the Apply button and dismiss the form. Your Draft Explorer should now look like this:

Note the Library (LIBY element), owned by the Drawing, that has been created automatically. Click on the LIBY and note the Drawlist Library (DLLB element) and Tagrule Library (TRLB element) that have also been created. Click on the DLLB and note that a default Drawlist (IDLI element) has been created.

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Setting up the Hierarchy to Create a Drawing Sheet

Navigate to the DRWG and select Create>Sheet>Explicitly from the main menu to display the Create SHEE form, noting the default name that is given. Modify the Sheet name to /DRG_1/SHT_1 and click OK to create the Sheet. On the Sheet Definition form give the Sheet a title of STABILISER EQUIPMENT, make sure that the Sheet size is A0, click the Reference radio button and select /DRA/MAS/BACKS/MET/A0 from the pull-down list.

Click the Apply button and dismiss the form. Note that you now have a Sheet outline and backing sheet in your graphics area. Create a new Sheet owned by the same Drawing with a different Sheet size. Create new Drawings and Sheets including the use of Templates from both Drawing and Sheet level. Note the differences in creating from Templates and Explicitly.

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Session
View Creation
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create a User-Defined View. Manipulate a View Frame. Set the Centre of Interest of a View. Set the Contents of a View. Set the Attributes of a View. Use Predefined View Frames.

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: How to arrange views on your Sheet. How to Create and Manage Drawlists. Use different Drawlists for different Views. How to change the appearance of your Views.

5-1

View Creation

Views
Note: PDMS 11.6 introduces a new method of populating drawing sheets using the 3D View of the design model within Draft. This will be explained later. This chapter continues by describing the traditional method of defining and populating a View. This method is still valid, and the tutorial steps that follow are useful in introducing the fundamental concepts of View creation and population. VIEW elements are set-up to show a projection of elements from the Design database. Dimensions, annotation and 2D elements can then be added to the view to complete the drawing. A VIEW element has attributes which: Define the size, position and orientation of the region on the Sheet that the VIEW occupies Define the viewing parameters e.g. view type, style, viewing direction, scale, etc. Refer to a Drawlist that contains a list of the Design (or Catalogue) elements which make up the View picture.

You must be at Sheet level or below before you can create a VIEW. The menu offers options for creating Limits-Defined, UserDefined and Detail views.

Limits-Defined View Limits-Defined Views are used to draw the contents of a specified volume of the model. The limits are defined in project co-ordinates, and are represented by the size of the View frame at the selected scale. The View frame can include matchlines with text showing the coordinates of the View limits. User-Defined View User-Defined Views are used to draw individual items or groups of items in the design model, when the volume or limits of the items are not known. The size of the frame is independent of its contents. The scale can be automatically set to fit the design elements into the available view frame area. This Session covers the creation and modification of User Defined views only. See Module 20 Advanced Drawing production for details of Limits-Defined and Detail views.

5-2

View Creation

A Drawlist controls the Design elements displayed within a view. The creation, modification and control of Drawlists are explained later in this session. If you create a Drawing or Sheet from a template, one or more views will usually be created when the template is copied if the Draft Administrator has included them during creation of the template. The following session describe the creation of views on Explicitly created Sheets, where no views have been included in the template or where additional views are required.

Creating User-Defined Views

From the DRAFT General bar menu select Create>View>User Defined to display the Create View form. A default view name will be automatically assigned, which you can change if you wish. On completion click on OK and the VIEW will be created. The view frame will appear as a rectangle positioned in the centre of the Sheet and the User-Defined View form will appear.

The User Defined View form menu allows you to manipulate the view frame, the position of the Design elements within the view and the contents of the Drawlist that contains the Design elements displayed in the view.

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View Creation

Manipulating a View Frame

The Frame form menu on the View form enables you to switch the view frame on or off, to control the size of the frame, its position on the Sheet and its alignment relative to any other view that may be on the Sheet. The menu has the following options: On/Off toggles the display of the view frame on and off. Size This option has a sub-menu that allows you to set the size of the view frame in different ways: Cursor displays the Point Construction Option Form that enables opposing corners of the view frame to be selected graphically. Explicit displays the Explict Frame Size form that enables you to resize the frame by defining its size in terms of Sheet co-ordinates or proportions.

Size By Ratio text boxes can be used to define the extent of the view frame in X,Y Sheet proportions. For example, From XR 0.25 To XR 0.75 would give a view frame centred in the Sheet in the X direction and occupying 50% of the Sheet width. Setting the XR or YR values will cause the Width or Height values to change automatically. Conversely, setting the Width and/or Height values will cause the XR/YR values to change automatically giving a view frame centred on the Sheet in the appropriate direction. Size By Coordinates is similar in its operation except that sizes are expressed in millimetres. Co-ordinate 0,0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the Sheet.

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View Creation

Copy Size This option has a sub-menu that allows you to copy the Width, Height or Width and Height of another view on the Sheet: Width will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose width you wish to copy. The width of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified view. Height will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose height you wish to copy. The height of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified view. Width & Height will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose width and height you wish to copy. The width and height of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified view. Position This option has a sub-menu that allows you to position the frame in different ways: Cursor enables you to use the cursor to move the view frame by first nominating a point in the view, i.e. Centre, Top Left, Top Right, etc.,from the sub-menu. The nominated point will move to the cursor position when the lefthand mouse button is clicked. Explicit enables you to move the view frame by defining its Sheet position in terms of Sheet co-ordinates or proportions.

Position By Ratio text boxes can be used to position the centre of the view in X,Y Sheet proportions. For example, XR 0.5, YR 0.5 will put the centre of the view at the centre of the Sheet. Position By Co-ordinates is similar in its operation except the position is expressed in millimetres. Co-ordinate 0,0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the Sheet.

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View Creation

Align This option has a sub-menu that allows you to align a specified axis or edge of the current view with the same axis or edge of another selected view on the Sheet. Centre Vert will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose centre you wish the current views centre to align with vertically. The position of the current view will then change to align the view centres vertically. Centre Horiz will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose centre you wish the current views centre to align with horizontally. The position of the current view will then change to align the view centres horizontally. Top will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose top edge you wish the current views top edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views top edges. Bottom will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose bottom edge you wish the current views bottom edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views bottom edges. Left will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose left edge you wish the current views left edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views left edges. Right will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose right edge you wish the current views right edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views right edges.

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View Creation

Setting the Centre of Interest of a View

The View form menu enables you to toggle the display of the view on or off, set the Design co-ordinates corresponding to the centre of interest of the view and offset the Design element graphics with respect to the centre of the view. The menu has the following options: On/Off toggles the display of the view on and off. Centre This option has a sub-menu which allows you to select the centre of interest of the view in different ways: Identify will ask you to identify a Design element to be the centre of interest of the view. The origin of the selected Design element will be positioned at the centre of the view. Cursor displays the Point Construction Option Form and ask you to select a point with the cursor to become the centre of interest of the view. By Cursor displays the Point Construction Option Form and ask you to select a base point and displacement with the cursor to move the centre of interest of the view. Explicitdisplays the User Defined Centre Position form which enables you to enter co-ordinates for the centre of the view.

View > Offset

Sets the position of the centre of the VIEW contents, relative to the centre of the VIEW.

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View Creation

Setting the Contents of a View

The Graphics form menu enables you to create and modify Drawlists as well as setting the Drawlist Reference for the view. A Drawlist holds a list of Design elements that determine what will be displayed in the view. Drawlists are independent of the views, therefore, a sheet may contain several views that refer to the same Drawlist or several views that refer to different Drawlists. Drawlists (IDLI elements) are stored in Drawlist Libraries (DLLB elements). When a Drawing is created a library containing a default Drawlist Library is automatically created and may be used as the Drawlist for any views created on Sheets owned by that Drawing. Specific Drawlists for specific views may also be created and stored in the default Drawlist Library or in another Drawlist Library located elsewhere in the project, depending on the set-up by the Draft Administrator. Selecting Graphics>Drawlist from the form menu displays the Drawlist Management form:

The Drawlist Library scrollable list gives a list of the available Drawlist Libraries.

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View Creation

The Drawlists window is a scrollable list of all the Drawlists available within the selected Drawlist Library. In the example above only the default drawlist, created automatically during Drawing creation is shown. The Reference List Members window displays: If Design Members is selected from the scrollable list, the available Design elements in the Design database, governed by the MDB you are using, will be displayed. If Drawlists is selected from the scrollable list, the available Drawlists will be displayed. If Lists / Collections have been previously defined then they will be available for selection. If no List/Collection has been defined, or you wish to create a new one, clicking the Lists button will display the List/Collection form. Having defined a new List/Collection, clicking the Update button will display all defined Lists/Collections in the scrollable list for selection. The Drawlist Members window displays the Design elements or Drawlists that have been selected to be members of the current Drawlist. In the example above, no members have been selected yet. Items are added to the Drawlist by selecting them from the Reference Members List, or a List / Collection name from the scrollable list, and clicking the Add button. This creates an Add Element (ADDE) element in the Drawlist Members window. Specific items may also be removed from the Drawlist by selecting them in the Reference Members List, or a List/Collection name from the scrollable list, and clicking the Remove button. This creates a Remove Element (REME) element in the Drawlist Members window. For example, all equipment except /1301 may be required to be displayed in the view. Rather than adding each piece of equipment separately, the zone /EQUIPMENT may be added and the specific piece of equipment /1301 subsequently removed from the Drawlist.

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View Creation

The Navigation form menu offers an alternative method of navigation. The options are the same as those available from the Navigation pulldown menu of the Members list. Note: If the Members list is displayed, it will be removed while the Draw List Management form is displayed. The buttons to the right of the Drawlists window control the creation and deletion of Drawlists: Create creates a new, empty Drawlist. Create Copy creates a copy of a Drawlist selected from the available Drawlist Libraries . Delete deletes the currently selected Drawlist. Clean-Up removes any Drawlist Members will Null or BAD references. The Delete Entry and Delete All buttons at the bottom right of the form delete the current highlighted entry from the Drawlist or all Drawlist members respectively. The Volume Defined and Limits buttons at the bottom right of the form enables the addition of all elements that are positioned wholly within a defined volume. Clicking the Limits button will display the Drawlist Limits form:

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View Creation

The limits are set by entering appropriate co-ordinates for opposing corners of the limits volume. After setting the limits clicking the Volume Define button adds all elements wholly within the entered co-ordinates. If required, the Remove or Delete Entry buttons may be used to amend the Drawlist. Selecting Graphics>Drawlist Ref from the form menu displays the Drawlist Reference form:

This form enables you to point (reference) the current view to a Drawlist so that the Drawlist Members are displayed in the view. It should be noted that a view may only reference one Drawlist. The Options scrollable list allows the owning Sheets or the owning Drawings Drawlist to be used. The VIEWs current Drawlist may be used, or the Drawlist reference may be unset. The Drawlist Library scrollable list allows you to choose from a list of Drawlist Libraries, as set up by your Draft Administrator. The Drawing selection, as shown above, refers to the Drawlist Library created automatically when the views owning Drawing was created. The Drawlist Contents window displays the contents of the selected Drawlist when the Display button is clicked. This allows you to check the contents of the Drawlist you have selected. The Modify button displays the Drawlist Management form enabling you to modify or create a new Drawlist as described previously.

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View Creation

Setting View Attributes

Having set the frame size and position, the centre of interest of the view and the Drawlist Reference the way the Design elements are displayed in the view may be changed by modifying the view attributes. It should be noted that it is not compulsory to set any of the attributes described in this section, although in practice the view scale, using the Nearest and Auto Scale buttons, will need to be set as a minimum. If any attributes are changed, the Apply and a Update Design Radio button must be clicked before any changes will be observed on the display, with exception of scale, which only requires a Update Design to be performed if any part is overlapping the view border or the view has lines missing. The view attributes are: Title If you wish to give the view a title then enter an appropriate title in the text box. This sets a simple text attribute that can be used later for view annotation. View Type This scrollable list gives the available hiddenline drawing representation options. Each option gives a different degree of hidden line removal from Wireline to Universal Hidden Line. See Appendix A for examples of the different representations. Wireline gives a conventional wireline picture showing all element and Ppoints. This option is the quickest to generate the view graphics. Modelled Wireline gives slightly greater realism by blending the intersection of primitives, but without incurring the computational overheads of removing hidden lines. Local Hidden Line representation gives a picture where hidden lines are removed from Equipments. Where two or more Equipments overlap the elements overlapping are shown in wireline. Global Hidden Line representation gives a picture where all hidden lines are removed.

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View Creation

Universal Hidden causes intersection lines between significant elements (e.g. EQUI and STRU, SUBS and BRAN) to be generated. This option is the slowest to generate the view graphics. Section Mode has two options: Standard This option sections all Design elements where appropriate. Omit Fractional Pipe Components This option removes any partial pipe components from the display that result from a section being applied. Style This scrollable list gives the available Representation Rulesets (RRST) elements that are used to control the display representation of the different types of the Design elements within the view. Representation Rulesets are created by the Draft Administrator. Hatching Rules This scrollable list gives the available Hatching Rulessets that are used to control the hatching of different types of Design elements that may be cut when a section is applied. Hatching Rulesets are created by the Draft Administrator. Change Rules This scrollable list gives the available Change Rulessets that are used to control the appearance of changed Design elements and annotation on subsequent updates of the drawing. The use of Change Rulesets is covered in M20 Advanced Drawing Production. Direction The required view direction may be selected from the pull-down list of predefined directions, which include the four standard Isometric views. Alternatively, a view direction, e.g. N 45 E, may be typed into the text box. The Derived button will prompt you to identify a design element in the Graphics area for setting the view direction. Auto Scale This sets the view scale such that all of the design elements in the Drawlist will fit just within the view frame. The actual scale will be displayed in the Scale text box. The Auto Scale operation also sets the through point to the Site coordinates corresponding to the centre of interest of the view. Nearest It is unlikely that Auto Scale will produce a standard scale for the view. Clicking the Nearest button will select the nearest available standard scale, as defined by the Draft Administrator, and set it. The standard scales can also be selected from the scrollable list next to the Nearest button.

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View Creation

Although the principal view attributes are set from the main body of the UserDefined View form, additional attributes may be accessed by clicking the Attributes button to display the User-Defined View Attributes form:

Graphics Angle controls the angle of the design graphics within the view. A positive angle gives an anti-clockwise rotation. The view direction remains the same. View Orientation controls the orientation of the view and its contents. The selectable directions correspond to the direction of the top of the view region relative to the top of the screen, e.g. selection of Right will cause the view and its contents to be rotated through 270 degrees. Arc Tolerance controls the difference between the true and the facetted representation of curves of the graphical output for the view, being set in units of hundredths of a millimetre on the drawing. (default value 15.) The actual value used by DRAFT depends on the scale of the VIEW. The lowest value that it may be changed to is 1. Although lower values will give a better representation, the time required to display the graphics is increased. Perspective A value of 0 gives a parallel view. The value is related to the view angle. Gapping controls the gap (in mm) inserted in view lines crossed by other lines such as centrelines, Plines, etc. Note line Pen options control the appearance of the view frame (assuming it is visible). The value set will also be cascaded down to any Layers subsequently created as members of the view. The Note line Pen may be one of the standard pens or a user-defined pen set-up by the Draft Administrator.

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View Creation

Using Predefined Frame Configurations

User-Defined views may be created from a set of predefined view configurations Selecting Create>View>Predefined Frame from the General menu displays the View Configuration form:

The central area of the View Configuration form shows diagrams of view layouts on the Sheet. Clicking the radio button next to desired configuration selects that layout. Having selected the desired configuration, the appropriate view directions lists will be populated with the default view directions for that layout. If you wish to change the given view direction, select the new direction using the pull-down list. The value in the View Spacing text box is the distance (in mm) between each view frame and may be changed as required. Having clicked on OK, the required number of views will be created in the active area of the sheet. The Title of each view will be set to correspond to its view direction.

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View Creation

Exercise 6 Creating Views

Create a new Sheet, Explicitly, of any size but without a backing sheet and create a single User-Defined view, do NOT use the Predefined Frame option. Experiment resizing and moving the view using the User-Defined View form Frame menu options and Modify Mode. Finish by making the view occupy the top left quarter of the Sheet. Create another User-Defined view and resize it using the Frame>Copy Size options on the User-Defined View form menu. Use the Frame>Align options to align the view with various edges and axes of the first view. Create a third and fourth view by copying one of the other views using the options available on the top bar menus. Create a Sheet using the Template option, move and resize the single view created by the template and add two new views to the Sheet. Delete all the views from the Sheet created above. Using the Predefined Frame option, create four views with viewing directions of North, East, Down and Iso3 view respectively and a View Spacing of 10mm. Note that the predefined views only occupy the active area of the backing sheet. Using the Graphic > Drawlist, add the STABILISER Equipment Zone to the Drawing Default Drawlist. Using Modify > View > User-Defined for each view set: View Type to Universal Hidden Line Section Mode to Standard Style to /DRA/PRJ/REPR/GEN/BASIC Hatching Rules to unset Change Rules to unset The Drawlist Ref to the default Drawing Drawlist

On the User-Defined View form, for each view, click the Auto Scale button followed by the Apply make sure that the Update Design Radio button is set. The views should now display the STABILISER equipment in all four views.

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View Creation

Revisit all views and select a suitable standard scale that will suit the 3 orthogonal views Select Modify>Drawlist... from the main menu to display the Drawlist Management form and amend the default Drawlist by removing the equipment C1101 (i.e. C1101 is a REME element). Update the view graphics by selecting Graphics>Update>Design from the main menu. Note that C1101 has now been removed from all four views. Create four new Drawlists, i.e. one for each view, with different elements of the STABILISER model in each Drawlist. Modify the Drawlist Ref for each view to point to a different Drawlist and Update Design for each view. Using the Sheet /DRG_1/SHT_1 that you created in Exercise 1, create a single User-Defined view with a viewing direction of Down. Add all of the STABILISER equipment to a Drawlist and set the Drawlist Ref to it. You will use this Sheet in subsequent exercises.

5-17

Session
Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create a 2D View using items displayed in the 3D View

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: How to display both 2D and 3D Explorer Browsers How the 2D Drawlist is updated.

6-1

Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

The 3D View Window in Draft allows you to assemble and manipulate Design elements to populate drawing Sheets. This allows you to examine the content of the drawings in 3D view, before finalising the view content as a 2D drawing. The main Draft display shows the Drawing Sheet /DRG_1/SHT_1 which we created in the previous exercise, it was displayed using Open Sheet from the shortcut menu on the sheet selection (RH Mouse Button On Draft Explorer).

The 3D display is selected using Display>3D View from the main menu (or select 3D View from the shortcut menu in the 2D View).

The 3D View window appears, displaying the item you selected. For example:

Note: The View positions have been re-arranged from the Draft Default.

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Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

The main features of the 3D View

The Display controls. These allow you to display the list content, add selected components to the 2D View Content list (see below), and remove all items from the list. Show View Content: This toggles between displaying the 2D View Content list, and hiding the display. Add to View: This adds elements to the 2D View Content list and the 3D View. The element added is usually the current element, unless there is an active multiple selection (in which case the entire selection is added). Added elements are displayed in the colour specified by the representation rules Remove from View: This removes elements from the 2D View Content list and the 3D View. The element removed is usually the current element, unless there is an active multiple selection (in which case the entire selection is removed). The Section Plane controls to the right of the above controls are detailed in Session 10.

The View Content list shows the elements which have been added to the 2D and 3D Views in Draft. To remove an item from the 3D View, select it in the list and select Remove Selected from the shortcut menu.

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Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

The Update controls update the 2D View with any changes that are made to the Design database (which will be shown in the 3D View).

The Update the 2D View Content when adding from the Design Explorer check box. When selected, any element added or removed from the 3D View from Design Explorer is automatically amended in the 2D View Content List. This is displayed in the 3D View by the appropriate representation colour. If this option is not selected, any addition or removal of an element affects the 3D View only, and the 2D IdList is unchanged. In this case added items are shown in grey. Therefore, the colour of items displayed in the 3D View indicates their status; grey items are in the 3D View only and not in the IdList (and therefore will not be recognised by an Update Design), whereas coloured items are in both the 3D View and the IdList. Update 3D View from 2D View: This displays the contents of the 2D View in the 3D View. Pick 2D View to associate to the 3D View: This allows the current 3D View contents to be associated with a different 2D View. When using this tool you are asked to identify a 2D View to associate with the current 3D View contents. This functionality is particularly useful whenever you require different views of similar content

6-4

Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

Scale Control

This allows you to enter a view scale directly, or to input a scale via the Scale form (click on the ellipsis). Any changes to scale are reflected immediately on the display. This option allows you to scale the Frame to the drawing. The Scale form allows you to: Choose whether the scale is shown as a numeric ratio (Metric), or in Architectural or Engineering styles. Instruct Draft to calculate a scale so that the elements in the drawlist will just fit within the View, using the Auto Scale button. The actual scale will be displayed in the Scale text box.

The scale of the drawing is set by Clicking on the ellipsis:

Select Auto Scale to allow Draft to automatically select a scale for the view. Select Nearest to instruct Draft to find the nearest standard scale to the calculated value. The View size will be changed accordingly, and the new scale factor will be shown in the text box.

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Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

Manipulating the 3D View

You can manipulate the 3D View using the functionality contained in the 3D window. The View Manipulation Buttons and the Information Bar are the standard design options. You can control how the design model is shown by using the options on the 3D View shortcut menu with the mouse pointer in a 'blank' area of the main display window, or by using the 3D View menu options from the Main menu. The Section Planes buttons to access section planes functionality as described in Session 10. The Viewfinder (the magenta box) can be interactively resized, repositioned and rotated. Resize and Rotate changes made to the Viewfinder give equivalent changes in the 2D View. The Viewfinder is detailed in the Draft online help .

The View manipulation buttons are fully described in the Draft online help.

Setting the View Type The type of view to be generated in 2D, is selected from the full list of PDMS view types, Click on

to display the options available.

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Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

Manipulating the Viewfinder

In the 3D View, you can manipulate the Viewfinder by holding down the right-mouse button while the pointer is over the frame. You can rotate the frame using the corner markers (if Free Rotate option has been selected see below), resize the frame, or move it by dragging. This allows you to manipulate the view in 3D until you achieve the desired result for 2D. You can manipulate the view using the view control buttons until it is in the condition you require. Hold the pointer over the frame and select the appropriate option from the context menu. (RH Mouse Button) The options available are: Align with 3D View: This modifies the view direction. To do this, adjust the 3D View to the desired direction and then select this option. The frame snaps to this new direction. Note that the frame cannot be moved unless it is aligned to the 3D view. This allows you to manipulate the 3D View until it is how you wish it to be captured in the 2D drawing. Selecting this option then aligns the view appropriately, and you can then update the 2D view. Refresh from 2D View: This updates the 3D View if the view has been changed from the 2D View. Centre: This centres the frame on the volume of the view content. Rotate: The option Free Rotate allows you to toggle the display of blobs on the corner of the Viewfinder frame; you can interactively rotate the 3D View within the frame by dragging one of these blobs. You can also rotate the frame by 90 degrees Left or Right or Up or Down relative to the model, by selecting the corresponding menu option. Resize: When selected this displays resizing handles on the frame. You can then drag any of these handles (left-hand mouse button) to resize the frame in the direction required. Note : The Centre, Rotate and Resize options are not active until the frame has been unlocked see below. Lock: This locks the frame to prevent accidental moving of the view. You can toggle this option on and off. Hide: This hides the frame from the view. When selected, you can display the frame using the Viewfinder>Show frame option from the right-hand menu when in the 3D

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Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

View. Auto Update: If selected, an Update Design is performed each time the frame is moved. Colour: You can select a frame colour from the options available. Translucent: This gives the frame a background translucency, or no background. A translucent frame is easier to select, but can obscure objects behind it.

6-8

Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

Selecting 3D Content
You can select elements in the 3D view in the normal way. You can also make multiple selections in the 3D View by: Holding down the Ctrl key and selecting individual elements with the left-hand mouse button or Holding down the right-hand mouse button and dragging a selection rectangle over the elements you need to select. This activates a selection box. For example:

or

This option allows you to select multiple elements within, or partially within, the volume you define using the drag functionality. You can re-size the selection box using the handles displayed in the View. When you have selected the required volume using this drag functionality, you can select from the following options: Wholly Within: This selects only those elements that are completely contained within your defined volume. Wholly And Partially Within: This selects any element that is completely contained within the defined volume, or has any part of its structure contained within the defined volume. Cancel: This cancels the selection.

6-9

Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

Updating the design

When changes have been made and an Update Design action is required, the title of the 3D View window changes from 3D View to 3D View*. The Update 2D View from 3D View button

This updates the 2D view with the current content of the View Content list (which itself reflects the current content of the 3D View). Note: Updating the design may take considerable time if large amounts of data are involved. Alternatively this can be done as a Background Process see below, and the Draft online help for further details (also the VANTAGE PDMS Draft User Guide Part 1. The design can be updated according to the options on the Update list: On Demand: The design is updated when the button is selected. Background: The design is updated as a background process. This allows you to carry on with your work, knowing that the update will occur at the appropriate time. The use of the Background process is discussed in Session ??? Auto Update: The design is updated when the 2D View changes (Should only be used in conjunction with small Drawlists.).

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Populating the 2D View using a 3D Design View

Exercise 7 - Populating the 2D View using a 3D View

Display Sheet DRG_1/SHT_1 in the Main Display Using The 3D display is selected using Display>3D View from the main menu (or select 3D View from the shortcut menu in the 2D View). The 3D View window appears, displaying the item you selected. Experiment Adding and removing Items from the Drawlist using the 3D view, remember the contents of the Drawlist can be displayed using the Show View Content Icon

Change the View Scale Investigate How to manipulate the view using the Viewfinder. Create a new Drawing and a Drawing Sheet called /DRA_2/SHT_2 with one view. Use the 3D view to add all the equipment /EQUIPMENT except /1101 to the Drawlist. Hint: Create the drawing first and then associate the 3D View with the 2D view using the Pick a 2D View to associate to this 3D View content Icon.

Remember to check the view contents and perform an Update design.

6-11

6-1

Session
Labelling
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Understand the use of layers Label Design elements in your views. Create General Labels. Set attributes to modify General Labels. Create Symbolic Layers. Modify Symbolic Labels.

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The difference between General Labels and Symbolic labels. How to create and modify Labels. The use of Label Blanking. Remote and Local Label Intelligent placement.

7-1

Labelling

Label Types
Labels are a form of drawing annotation, comprising text and/or graphics, associated with Design items. There are two types of Label, General Labels (GLAB) and Symbolic Labels (SLAB). Their characteristics are as follows: General Labels consist of text derived from the design model. Symbolic Labels are generated from templates (which can contain 2D primitives, including text), defined by a reference to a Symbol Template (SYTM).

The relevant part of the Draft hierarchy is simply that the Views own Layers that in turn own the labels. SLAB templates (Symbol Templates and Text Templates, (TXTMs)) exist as members of Label Libraries (LALBs). The relevant part of the DRAFT database hierarchy is shown below.
LAYE LIBY

LALB

GLAB

SLAB

TXTM

SYTM

DDNM

DDNM

TMRF

Design database

General Label and Symbolic Label elements are owned by Layers, which are in turn owned by VIEWs.

7-2

Labelling

Main features of a Label

Label Attachment Point. The 2D VIEW position equivalent to a userspecified p point or (by default) the origin of the Design item with which the Label is associated. Label Origin. A position within the body of the Label which is used to position it. Label Position. A 2D position within the VIEW at which the Labels origin is placed; this may be an absolute VIEW position or a position relative to the Labels attachment point. Leader Line. A line from the connection point to the Label attachment point. Leader Line Connection Point. A position, defined relative to the Label origin, to which the leader line is drawn.

Creating Layers
Labels are owned by Layers. Whenever a VIEW is created, a set of (empty) Layers each with a different purpose, will automatically be created beneath it, as set up by your System Administrator. However, you can create additional Layers if you wish. Starting at VIEW level, select Create>Layer. A Layer (LAYE) element will be created automatically, and a Create LAYE form will appear.

The Name text box will contain the automatically assigned Layer name, which you can change if you wish. You must also select the layer type i.e. what you are going to store under the layer for example Dimensions, Labels or 2D Draughting.

7-3

Labelling

Layer Definition To change any of the Layer Definition select Modify > Layer > Definition.

Should you wish to change the Layers Purpose then this may be carried out by selecting the Layer purpose using the Purpose option button. Choose whether the Layer is to be visible or not using the Visible option button. If you wish the Layer display attribute settings to be other than the defaults, click on the Attributes button. The Visibility can also be set from the Draft Labels bar menu.

Layer Attributes A Layer Attributes form will be displayed, the particular type depending on the Purpose setting. Each Layer Attributes form allows those attributes relevant to the Layers purpose to be modified. The Layer attribute settings which may be made from these forms will be used as the default settings (overidable at local level) for all elements which are subsequently created under the Layer. For all the Layer Attributes forms, Line pen definitions (including those used for hatch patterns) may be set using the option buttons on the form, or may be chosen from a predefined set. (This set will probably have been set up by your system administrator to be standard for the project.) Click on the appropriate UserDefined radio button, then click on the Reselect button. A Select User-Defined Pen form will appear. This form is identical to that available for use when creating Drawings.

7-4

Labelling

Creating a General label

The current working sheet must be selected. General Labels are created by Selecting General Labels tab from Create>Label >General/Symbolic from the main menu bar. The Labels form is displayed.

Note that Draft automatically selects the Label layer in anticipation that you are going to create Labels. The Label layer, along with Drawing layers for dimensions, notes and tags are created automatically as members of a View. The Label layer is also selected in the Layers toolbar and in the History toolbar.

Layers toolbar The Layers toolbar simply shows the Drawing Layer you are currently working on. History toolbar

7-5

Labelling

The History toolbar displays a history of the current elements that you have selected (use the left/right arrows to select recently accessed elements). The Attach to drop-down list on the General Labels tab allows you to select the element type that you wish to label. The list has two parts: the top part displays a list of MENUS for different types of elements and the bottom part displays a list of Common Elements. In this example Equipments has been selected from the Common Elements part of the menu. This ensures that when you use the pointer to identify the element to be labelled it will find an item of Equipment, rather than, for example, a Nozzle, which may be the actual element under the pointer. Labels are created by selecting Create NEW. The Label layer is now automatically selected in Draft Explorer.

7-6

Labelling

You will be prompted (in the main window status area) to identify the Design elements to be labelled. Each item of equipment to be labelled is identified by clicking on it in the Drawing display. As you click on an item of equipment, a label containing the name of the equipment will be created at the origin of the equipment. Esc (Escape) is used to return to normal operation. The Labels will appear in the Drawing Window at the origins of the Equipment that were selected, although it may be necessary to zoom in to see them.

7-7

Labelling

Label Contents
The contents of the label are set by default to be the Name of the labelled element. The contents can be changed by selecting Text Contents from the Attributes dropdown list on the General Labels tab of the Labels form. The Modify Text form is then displayed.

The textbox on the form shows the content of the label. This can be normal text directly entered and which appears in the label, or Intelligent Text for which the information in the label is automatically taken from the Design database. The default #NAME entry is an example of Intelligent Text. It is one of many different attributes, which are listed in the Intelligent Text form, which is displayed when you select Intelligent Texts on the Modify Text form. The intelligent text can be selected and copied (using Control + C and Control + V) into the Modify Text form. When you have finished, the Modify Text and Labels forms can be Dismissed.

7-8

Labelling

Modify mode
Modify mode is used to modify Dimensions, Labels and 2D Geometry by graphical interaction. There are many other non-geometrical modifications, such as changing the appearance of the text and linestyles that can only be carried out using the main menu Modify option. These are not discussed in this exercise. Refer to the online help for more information. Entering and exiting Modify mode To enter Modify mode, you click on the Drawing Display Window toolbar.

Draft will exit from Modify mode when you: click on the Modify Mode button again, load a new Sheet or Library, update the design, model, picture or annotation.

While you are in Modify mode, you can still control the view by zooming and panning, as normal.

Item selection and display details The item (in this case a label) for modification is selected by left-clicking on it. It is then displayed in the current highlight colour. You can then modify the item you have selected, or select another item for modification. When you select the label, several hotspots are displayed. Initially the Attachment and Connection point hotspots for the leader line (if leader lines have been selected for the label) are on a single point, adjacent to the label. The display is like this:
One of two arrows pointing to hotspots

Rotation hotspot

Attachment and Connection hotspots

Label outline

7-9

Labelling

The arrangement of the hotspots becomes apparent when the label is moved from its initial position. The following illustration shows the label moved upwards and to the right:
Arrow pointing to attachment hotspot Attachment hotspot

Rotation hotspot

Connection hotspot

Label outline

Arrow pointing to connection hotspot

Bend point

The position of the label can be moved by left-clicking and dragging its outline. By left-clicking and dragging a hotspot you can modify the angle of the label or the geometry of the leader line. If you press the Escape key while the item is selected, no changes to the item will be made. When you move the pointer away from a modifiable item and click the lefthand mouse button, the changes will be saved, and the display shows the new arrangement. Whether or not the changes are saved, Draft will still be in Modify mode and you can continue to pick other items for modification.

7-10

Labelling

Positioning Once you have selected an item or hotspot in Modify mode, the Modify Mode shortcut menu can be displayed by clicking the right-hand mouse button. Options on this menu (see below), apart from the default 2D Cursor hit option, allow you to choose a position for a leader line hotspot with relation to an existing line, or lines, of the displayed engineering drawing.

The 2D cursor hit option, causes the item or hotspot, when selected, to be moved to, and follow, the position of the mouse pointer position. When the mouse button is released, the hotspot remains at the latest position. When an option is selected that specifies the position related to a line of the engineering drawing, as you drag the hotspot over a line or lines that can satisfy the option, the line(s) will be highlighted. The hotspot snaps to the appropriate position and will remain there when the mouse button is released. For example, if you select the Centre Point of option the hotspot will snap to the centre of any arc or circle it moves over. If no position has been found that satisfies the selected menu option, when you release the mouse button, the item will be dropped at the pointer position. Menu options that are not applicable to the current element are greyed out.

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Labelling

The menu options applicable to leader lines and their methods of use are in the following table. Note that these options do not apply to moving text. Menu Option 2D cursor hit Method of Use Drag hotspot to the required position. This is the default, which is reset each time a new element is picked. Drag the hotspot over a line or arc, which will be highlighted when recognised Drag the hotspot over a line, which will be highlighted when recognised. Drag the hotspot over a circle or arc, which will be highlighted when recognised. Drag the hotspot over two lines that actually intersect. The items will be highlighted in turn. Drag the hotspot over two lines whose extensions intersect. The items will be highlighted in turn. Drag the hotspot over any Design or Draft item. The point will snap to the nearest point on the item.

End Point of Mid Point of Centre Point of Intersect at Intersect between Nearest to

The 2D positioning menu is automatically reset to 2D cursor hit when an element is first picked

7-12

Labelling

Modifying labels graphically This Section describes how to modify the geometry of a Label. Similar information is provided for Dimensions and 2D Geometry in later chapters The Name label for Equipment C1101 is used in the illustrations.

Modify Mode is selected using

on the Drawing Display Window toolbar.

The hotspots will be shown in cyan. (The colours have been modified here for clarity, but on your display you will probably have a black background, green Equipment lines and a cyan feedback colour.)

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Labelling

The following example shows the label outline the Dragged away from the equipment.

You will also be able to see the Bend point at the mid point of the leader line, and the hotspots, which consist of: The Rotation handle The Attachment point The Connection point.

If you Pick the bend point and drag it to put a bend in the leader line. A second bend point will be created. You can move this point as well, if you wish. Note: You must pick the label itself if you want to re-select it.

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Labelling

You can move the attachment points and the connection point to create gaps and offsets. A dashed line will then appear between the arrow hotspot and the default position of the point. As an example, the following illustration shows the connection hotspot dragged to the right.

When the leader line and label are positioned as you require them, save the arrangement by clicking on the background away from the label and leader line. The label and leader line are then shown in the pre-selected colour (red in the following example).

7-15

Labelling

2D positioning menu options The following steps serve as an example of using one of the menu options to position a leader line. Note: The circles on the engineering design consist of many short straight lines rather than arcs, and consequently the Centre Point of menu option cannot be used. The most straightforward effect that can be demonstrated on this diagram is Mid Point of. In Modify Mode select a label outline and then click on the leader line connection hotspot to select it. Right-click to display the Modify Mode shortcut menu and then select Mid Point of

You can now Drag the connection hotspot over the lines of the engineering design and observe that the hotspot jumps to the midpoint of the currently highlighted line.

7-16

Labelling

Label leader attributes The options to set the Leader Pen are common to several different types of pen in Draft. Pens can be set in two ways: either Standard or User Defined. Standard options of colour, thickness and style are set explicitly. User-defined options are selected from examples. Note: Changing the pen only affects the current Label. If you want to change the pen for any new Labels you create, you will need to change the Layer attributes. You will then need to create a new label to see the effect. The label is identified to make it the Current Element and modified using Modify>Label>Definition from the main menu bar. The Labels form will be displayed.

Select Leader Line from the Attributes dropdown list, the Label Leader Attributes form will be displayed.

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Labelling

The current settings of the leader line are displayed these can be changed as required. There are User Defined Pen settings available from the User-Defined Pen form is then displayed.

Note: If you know which pen number you want, you can type in the number on the Label Leader Attributes form rather than click on Reselect. You can use the Up and Down buttons to scroll through the list. When you see the line style you want, click on Cursor Select, and pick the line style in the window. The Pen Number will be filled in automatically. When you click on OK, the pen number will be automatically entered at the Label Leader Attributes form. Click on Apply to observe the line style.

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Labelling

Gaps in Leader Lines

Gaps can be created in Leader lines using the Gap Manger. The Gap Manager Form can be displayed using the Create Gaps Button on the Create Label Form.

The type of gap required is selected, the Gap Manager can also be used for deleting unwanted gaps.

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Labelling

Creating Symbolic Labels

DRAFT is supplied with a comprehensive set of libraries of standard Symbolic Labels which can be picked and added to a drawing. (Your Draft Administrator may have changed the supplied Libraries to companyspecific ones.) The Labels can include intelligent text so that, for example, a Symbolic Label used on a Nozzle could display the Nozzle name and other information automatically. A Symbolic Label can only be added to a Layer. To add a Symbolic Label you must have a 2D Area view on display which includes the relevant VIEW containing a Design element. Select Symbolic Label tab from the Create > Label >General / Symbolic from the Main Display.

The Library form is used to display the standard Symbolic Labels supplied with DRAFT. Different Libraries may be specified, each of which contains a selection of Label Libraries. The available Libraries can be displayed by using the Show Library Button on the Labels Form:

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Labelling

The Library form will display those Symbolic Labels present in the Label Library whose name appears on the option button at the bottom of the form. If you dont see the Label you want, change to a different Label Library (or to a different Library) using the option buttons at the bottom of the form. The display will update accordingly. Select the element type that you wish to label from the Attach to option button. The default list consists of significant elements; selecting Menu from the bottom of the list gives a list of nonsignificant element menus. Select Significant Elements to return to the original list. Use Create NEW to initiate the Label picking/copying process. NOTE: The text present with some of the Library Symbolic Labels may be descriptive only and not part of the Label itself. Having initially positioned the Label on the VIEW, use the Scale and Rotate text boxes to adjust the size and orientation of the Label as necessary. If you wish to change the attributes of the Symbolic Label click on the Attributes button. The Symbolic Label Attributes form will appear.

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Labelling

This form allows you to vary the text pen/font, leader line pen and terminators, and frame pen. These facilities are very similar to those used when creating (Label) Layers. This form also enables you vary the characteristics of the Label leader line. The same facilities are also available from the menu bar on the Symbolic Labels form itself. Modify Mode can be used in the same way as before to manipulate Symbolic Labels.

Modifying Labels
Label Visibility All DRAFT Symbol and Label elements that can be created can also be modified, starting from the Modify field on the Symbols & Labels menu. The procedure for modifying an element is very similar to that for creating it; refer to the preceding sections of this chapter for details of element creation.

Hide/Show Labels Label visibility can be toggled. To hide a Label, select Modify>Label Visibility from the Draft Labels bar menu. The Label Visibility form will be displayed.

Selecting the Scope button will allow you to select labels for the whole sheet, a selected view or a selected layer. The Hide and Show options allow you to select All for all the labels, or Identified to allow you to select the label(s). The Display Hidden Labels button will show all hidden labels in a different colour to displayed labels.

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Labelling

Label Blanking The geometry for the blanked area is determined by the geometry of the annotation element: for example, a circular label will define a circular area where no 3D graphics will appear. Overlapping 2D graphics, text and other annotation graphics will not be hidden. Note that if Blanking is switched off, operations such as zooming and panning will be quicker. To display the Blank Labs Form select Modify > Label Blanking:

The Modify Blanking form works in the same way as the Label Visibility form. There is on this form the option to define the size area to be created around the selected label. To define the size area to be blanked enter a value to the Blank Margin field and as labels are selected the Blanking Margin will be applied. Note, there is a button to allow all labels that have already be blanked to be highlighted. As before this may be carried out on a sheet, view or layer bases.

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Labelling

Label Placement This facility helps to tidy up crowded areas of labelling, minimising Label overlap and leader-line crossing. As well as changing label positions this facility may also be used to change Label orientations, text justification, alignments, and the definition of leader-line shapes. The Intelligent Label Placement form can be shown using Modify > Label > Label Placement:

Select - This area of the form allows you to Add or Remove Labels to be spread using a spreading list. CE's Labels Selects and individual Label (the current Label element) or all the Labels in the current VIEW or Layer. Owner's Labels Selects all the Labels of a Layer or VIEW. ID Label Allows a series of individual Labels to be picked. ID Design Allows a series of individual Labels attached to significant Design elements to be picked. 2D Window Allows all Labels within a cursor-defined window to be picked. List Allows Labels in predefined lists to be selected. Gives the Select List form.

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Labelling

Position Labels may be positioned Remotely or Locally. Having selected the required placement position clicking on the Definition button adjacent to your choice displays the relevant label definition form. Remote causes Labels to be positioned around the VIEW border. Selection of the definition button will display Remote Label Placement form.

This form allows you to set the positioning parameters for remote Label spreading to be set. Region The Labels may be spread around a rectangular region defined by the Cursor. The coordinates of the region will appear in the X Y boxes (from where they may be modified). View Margin The Labels may be spread around a given margin of the current VIEW boundary. Minimum gap between labels Defines the minimum gap between the labels in mm. Use By default, all four sides of the VIEW border will be used to spread the Labels along, but one or more sides may be omitted if required. Automatic Orientation Allows or suppresses automatic rotation of the Labels along the top and bottom sides of the VIEW border.

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Labelling

Local Causes Labels to be positioned around their significant design elements. The Same option if selected will cause the entered value to be copied into the other window, e.g. In the case below set X to 25 this will be copied to Y when the Enter button on the keyboard is used to confirm the setting. Selection of OK will have the same effect.

The spread offset of the Labels from their attachment points can be specified directly using the X Offset, Y Offset boxes or indirectly using a Radius and an Angle.

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Labelling

Exercise 8 - Labelling
Using the same Drawing as Exercise 3, create General Labels for the equipment items and nozzles as shown on Labelling Example Sheet 1 in Appendix D. Modify the General Labels you created in 1. to include extra textual information, change of character size, spacing, etc. as shown in Labelling Example Sheet 2. Modify the General Labels again to change the leader lines as shown in Labelling Example Sheet 3. Turn the default USER_Labs layer OFF. Create a new layer called SYMB_Labs and add some Symbolic Labels for the nozzles. Turn the User_Labs layer OFF and create a new layer called NOZZ_Labs and create simple General Labels, with no frame, for all visible nozzles. Use Modify>Label Placement from the main menu to arrange the labels locally and remotely.

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Session
Dimensioning
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Dimension Design elements in your views. Change the position, type and appearance of dimensions. Create separate Layers for your dimensions.

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The Dimensioning Hierarchy. The different Types of Dimensions. The use of Layers for Dimensioning.

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Dimensioning

The types of dimensions are Linear (LDIM), Angular (ADIM), Radial (RDIM) and Pitch Circle Diameter (PDIM). Their appearances are shown in the following illustration.
Linear dimension Angular dimension Radial dimension R100 PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter) dimension j200

Note: A Dimensions form (illustrated below showing its Linear and Angular tabs) accessed by Create>Dimension>Dimension Toolbar contains illustrations of various types and styles of dimension. Clicking on the required style of a linear or angular dimension leads to the Linear/Angular Dimensions form (which is discussed later in the tutorial). Also, illustrations of linear dimensions appear on the Linear Dimensions toolbar. When you are familiar with the styles of dimension illustrated, you should find the toolbar method of selecting a dimension style more convenient than use of the Create Linear Dimensions and Create Angular Dimensions forms, as discussed later in the session.

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Dimensioning

Dimensioning elements are created under Layers owned by Views, as shown in the following diagram. Different types of dimension are created on different layers. All these elements will be created automatically as you dimension your View.
LAYE

LDIM*

ADIM*

RDIM

PDIM*

* These dimensions contain/own dimension points

Creating linear dimensions

The elements of a simple linear dimension are shown in the following diagram.
N }
Overshoot (positive) Dimension Direc tion (Ea st)

Dimension Line Terminator Projection Line Direction (90) Offset

Projection Line

Clearance (positive) Dimension Points

The diagram illustrates the following features: On the drawing, a pair of Dimension Points relates to a pair of points in the Design model. From each of these dimension points, a Projection Line is drawn on the drawing, Offset in a direction defined by the user. Between the parallel projection lines, Dimension Lines are drawn. These have Terminators (normally arrows). Each dimension and projection line may have text associated with it. The various elements (Projection line, Dimension line, etc) of the dimensions

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Dimensioning

are shown in the Members form as DPPT1, DPPT2 etc, owned by the dimension, for example, LDIM. Note: The values shown in the dimension text are taken directly from the 3D Design model. If the points associated with the dimension points are moved in DESIGN, the dimension can be updated automatically by selecting Graphics>Update>Annotation. The following shows a Linear Dimension between the Nozzles along the centre of Equipment D1201. Using Create>Dimension>Dimension Linear from the main menu bar. The Create Linear Dimension form is then displayed.

The name of the View and the View Direction are shown at the top of the form. The Type dropdown list gives options of Chain (chained), Tail (parallel) or Truncate (truncated parallel). (For more information on dimension types, refer to the online help topic The Create Linear Dimension form.) The Dimension Line Direction to North, because this is the direction in which we want to dimension the Nozzles. Note: All dimensions in Draft are defined with respect to 3D World directions. All the other settings on the Create Linear Dimension form at their defaults, as

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Dimensioning

illustrated above. The Linear/Angular Dimensions form is then displayed. This form is used to create the points that define the Dimensions and form the link with the 3D Model element.

The list on the left of the form sets how Dimension Points are created. Make sure that Item is selected in the list. This will create the dimension point at the origin (P0) of the design primitive. The default is that the Create button must be used for each point, but you can click on the symbol (to the right of the Create button) so the adjacent checkbox displays a tick. This allows you to create several points of the same type one after the other. Note: The symbol must be off if you want to create Dimension Points in different ways, or if you want to use the 3D Pos, Cursor or Match line positioning options. You need to Click on Create and Pick the nozzles in the sequence shown the following illustration. This can be done in the 2D View by holding down the left mouse button (the pointer shape changes to a square) moving the pointer over the item and releasing the button. Note that when the pointer passes over a suitable item, that element is highlighted and its name is displayed in the Status Bar. Alternatively, the nozzles can be picked in the 3D View. The name of the item, ppoint or p-line under the cursor will be highlighted in a tool tip as the cursor moves around, and pressing the button will select it.

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Dimensioning

NOZZ 4 NOZZ 2 NOZZ 5

NOZZ 1

Esc is used to finish the process and the distances between the nozzles are then dimensioned like this:

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Dimensioning

Deleting dimension points

A dimension point can be deleted as follows: Click on an element of the particular dimension to make it the Current Element. (It is advisable to check in the Draft Explorer that the element is highlighted.) Either select Delete from the shortcut menu over the DPPT (Dimension Point) element in the Draft Explorer or select Delete>CE (Current Element) from the main menu bar. In either case, click on Yes in the alert form that is displayed.

Modifying linear dimensions graphically

Modifying linear dimensions graphically is limited to changing the length of the projection lines, moving projection lines to the other side of the dimensioned item, and changing the standout distance of the text. You can modify dimensions graphically by entering the Modify mode and moving the dimension elements similarly to modifying Labels, as discussed in the previous session. The text standout and length of the projection lines of the dimensions on Equipment D1201, can be changed using Modify Mode so that the drawing looks like this:

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Dimensioning

Modify Mode is selected using on the Drawing Display Window toolbar. To increase the length of the projection line, select and drag the dimension line to the left. Then click on the background To increase the text standout distance, select the outline of the text box and drag it to the required position. Then click on the background. This illustration is an example the modified dimensions.

When you have positioned the dimensions as required, you can leave modify mode by reselecting .

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Dimensioning

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Dimensioning

Angular dimensions
We can create the angular dimension between two of the Nozzles on Equipment (C1101). Remember you can zoom in using the middle mouse button. You must make sure that you are on the Dimensions layer (DR1/S1/V1/USER_Dims), angular dimensions are created by selecting Create>Dimension>Dimension Angular from the main menu bar. The Create Angular Dimension form is then displayed.

The default values are OK on the Create Angular Dimension form. Draft will prompt you to identify the item that the angular dimension is to be attached to. For example DISH 1 of EQUIP C1101, as shown below:

1. Pick this Dish The origin will be here 2. Pick this Nozzle 3. Pick this Nozzle

The dimension will have its origin that is the point from which the angular dimension directions will radiate, at the origin of the element picked. The Linear/Angular

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Dimensioning

Dimensions form is then displayed. This is the same form as displayed for Linear Dimensions, and it is used in the same way. Switch on the symbol, and click on Create. You will be prompted to pick the items to be dimensioned. The Nozzles are Picked in the order shown in the above illustration. (Selection is clockwise, because the setting is Clockwise in the Create Angular Dimension form.) On completion you should click on the background or press the Esc(ape) key. The dimension will be drawn as shown below:

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Dimensioning

Modifying angular dimensions graphically

Modifying angular dimensions graphically is limited to changing the offset and standout distances. The offset of the dimension on C1101, so that the projection lines pass through the nozzles in question is done as before in Modify Mode. The dimension line is dragged to the required position and then fixed with a Click on the background or press Esc. The dimension will then be drawn like this:

Remember to leave modify mode .

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Dimensioning

Radial dimensions
Radial dimensions are created in the same way, this time we will use the Dimension Toolbar. The Dimension Toolbar is displayed by Selecting the Radial tab Create>Dimension>Dimension Toolbar from the main menu bar. The Dimensions form is then displayed. Note: All types of dimensions can be selected at this form.

Check that On Item (not On Point) is displayed. and select the On Item option.

If not, right-click on the 6symbol

Select the required radius style. In the example below the Internal Radius Dimension has been used. This is bottom left-hand style (if required, refer to the ToolTip). You will be prompted to select the item to dimension. For example DISH 1 of EQUIP C1101 (the same item that was selected for angular dimensions). The dimension will be created, as shown here.

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Dimensioning

The Radial Dimensions form is then displayed. This form can be used to modify dimension.

For further information, refer to the on-line help.

Modifying radial dimensions graphically

You can modify Radial Dimensions graphically in a similar way to modifying other dimension types. This action is not described here.

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Exercise 9 - Dimensions
Using the Sheet you created in Exercise 6, dimension it in accordance with Dimensioning Example Sheet 1 in Appendix D. Use Modify Mode to move the dimensions as required. Modify the dimensions created in 1 to use the different Dimension Types, see Dimensioning Example Sheet 2. Modify the Clearance and Overshoot and create Gaps using the Linear/Angular Dimensions form menu. Modify the view further but adding Dimension and Projection Line Text shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Modify the Dimension and Projection Lines and Text to colours of your choice using Modify>Layer>Attributes from the main menu. Create an aligned linear dimension that displays the true distance between the two equipment nozzles shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Create a new layer called IMP_DIMS and create Imperial dimensions on this layer as shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Change the Dimension and Projection Line Pens for this layer to Dashed and a colour of your choice.

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Session
2D Drafting
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create and Modify 2D Drafting base elements. Create and Modify 2D primitives. Use the 2D Drafting construction options. Use the 2D Utilities.

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The 2D Drafting Hierarchy. The difference between View Notes and Sheet Notes. The different types of 2D primitives. The 2D Drafting Settings

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2D Drafting

2D Drafting
Drafts 2D Drafting facility is used for adding manually-drafted graphic and text details to drawings that have been generated by Draft from the Design database. The facility is not intended to be a used as a drafting package. This Session is an introduction to 2D drafting in Draft. There are three sets of menu options specific to 2D Drafting: Enables you to draw 2D Primitives and Local Symbols Enables you to construct lines and other primitives using existing primitives Edit Enables you to change the attributes of a primitive, move primitives and nodes, insert gaps in lines, trim lines and arcs, rotate primitives, reduce a symbol to its components and manipulate groups. We will only discuss the Draw and Edit functions here, for details of Construct see the Draft online help. Draw Construct

The 2D Drafting hierarchy

The basic geometric shapes and text that can be drawn are called Primitives. The primitives exist in the Draft hierarchy as members of NOTEs, VNOTs elements, or Symbol Templates (SYTMs). By default, the NOTE and VNOTE elements will be created automatically whenever a Sheet or Layer element is created, but you can create additional ones if you wish. Primitives that exist as members of VNOTs may have their dimensions and positions defined in terms of 3D Design values. Note: Whenever a VIEW is created, a number of Layers are automatically created, one of which will be reserved for Notes. You can also create additional Layers if you wish via the Create>Layer from the main menu bar. The following diagram shows the 2D Drafting part of the Draft hierarchy. It shows the related elements and at what level in the hierarchy they may be created. All of these elements, with the exception of extra Layers, can be created as you add extra 2D elements to your Sheet or View.

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SHEE

NOTE

VIEW

Sheet Note
LAYE

VNOT

View Note

CIRC ELLI RECT TABL ETRI DMND HEXA MRKP STRA ARC OUTL

TEXP

SYMB

Text Primitive Symbol

Exercises in 2D Drafting

Creating sheet note and view note elements

A Drawing Sheet will have be created with a number, Views and Layers. The Notes layer (used for 2D drafting) will own a View Note. 2D Primitives associated with a view will be added to the View Note. 2D Graphics associated with the main Sheet should be placed in a Sheet Note. Select Create>Note at the main menu bar. The Create NOTE form is then displayed. The name can be left as default or changed as required.

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2D Drafting

Depending where in the hierarchy you were positioned when you created the Note, a Sheet Note (NOTE element) or a Layer Note (VNOT element) will then be created, as appropriate. To create a NOTE you must be positioned at the SHEE element or below, but not below a VIEW, whereas to create a VNOT you must be positioned at a LAYE element or below. As the Notes are created, they are added to the list of Notes at the right-hand side of the toolbar. The one shown will indicate where primitives are to be subsequently created.

Creating primitives
To create primitives, first make sure that the NOTE (or VNOT) element that you have just created is the current element, then select Draw>Primitives from the main menu bar. The 2D Draughting form will appear.

For all primitives except Symbols (the icon), the Point Construction Option Form will appear. The prompt text included in this form tells you what to do next. The text will vary according to the type of primitive being created, as shown in these examples.

Use the default Option which is 2D cursor hit. This enables you to position the selected primitive free-hand. Pick the point(s) requested, by left-clicking the mouse with the pointer in the appropriate position(s) on the drawing. If the primitive is a graphic, it is drawn as the points are selected. Depending on the type of graphic, it may be necessary to click on Cancel on the Point Construction Option Form when the final point has been selected, in order to complete the

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graphic. If the primitive is Text, only one point is selected and the Modify Text form is then displayed.

You can enter the required text at this form and select its format. Click on Apply to insert the text on the drawing, and then Dismiss the form.

Editing 2D primitives graphically

As for Labels and Dimensions, you can edit 2D primitives graphically. Enter Modify mode on the Main Display Window:

The general action is to select the primitive and then select and drag one of the hotspots until the required result is achieved. Then click on the background. You can practise by modifying primitives you have already created. The hotspots available and the operations you can carry out, depend on the type of primitive, and are described below under the names of the graphics.

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Individual Primitives
The individual primitives, and how they may be modified, are now described. Arcs

Arc, with FROM point, TO point, THROUGH point Calls the Point Construction Option Form, allowing for the selection of the From and To points as with the other functions. Once the From and To points are defined they will be connected by a straight line which contains a marker point at its mid point. Click and hold down the left mouse button, by moving the cursor the line will be dragged to produce the required arc. To set an actual size for the radius plus all other settings use Edit > Primitive.

Arc, with CENTRE point, FROM point and subtended angle As before, select method of point definition. The first point to be defined is used as the centre for the arc. Now define a second point, this will be used to set the radius and will show, temporarily, a line joining the centre and radius points. Now define a third point. This creates the angle required for the arc. Note: the arc is drawn between the second and third points.

A hotspot at the centre of the arc, to allow the whole arc to be moved. A hotspot at each end of the arc, to allow the corresponding end of the arc to be repositioned. The repositioning will be such that the bulge factor remains the same. A hotspot mid way round the arc. This may be moved anywhere, and the bulge factor will adjust appropriately. A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre - the arc can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.

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Circles

This requires two points to be defined. The first point is the centre of the circle, the second is the radius. If when defining the radius point the left mouse key is held down a circle will be displayed which can have its size changed dynamically by moving the cursor.

This also requires definition of two points, the first being a point on the circumference. The second is the corresponding point on the opposite side of the circle. As with the above holding the mouse key down during positioning of the second point will allow dynamic size control.

A hotspot at the centre of the circle to allow the whole circle to be repositioned. A hotspot on the circumference, which will allow the radius of the arc to increase or decrease as it is moved, while the centre remains fixed.

Diamonds

Like ellipses, creation is via two points which relate to its height and width. The first and second point are used to define the width and can be dynamically sized as before. After the second point is positioned a diamond is displayed. Note, the point displayed at the intersection of two sides is used to control the height. Click the left mouse key and hold, now move the mouse causing the height of the diamond to change.

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2D Drafting

A hotspot in the centre of the diamond to allow the whole diamond to be moved. A hotspot at each end of the axes. These hotspots can be moved along their axis, and the axis will alter length as it moves. A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre. The diamond can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.

Ellipses

Like circle diameter creation, two points are again required this time relating to the height and width of the ellipse. The first and second point are used to define the width and can be dynamically sized as before. After the second point is positioned an ellipse is displayed. Note, the point displayed at the mid point on one of the edges is used to control the height of the ellipse. Click the left mouse key and hold, now move the mouse causing the height of the ellipse to change.

A hotspot at the centre of the ellipse to allow the whole ellipse to be moved, with its major axis parallel to its original position. A hotspot at one end of the major axis. This hotspot can be moved along the major axis. The length of the major axis changes as the hotspot moves. A hotspot at one end of the minor axis. This will be constrained to move only perpendicular to the major axis, and can be used to increase the length of the minor axis. A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre. The ellipse can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.

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Hexagons

This is defined by its centre and radius. Define a point which is to be the centre of the hexagon followed by the point which defines the circumscribed radius.

This also requires definition of two points, the first being a point on the circumference. The second is the corresponding point on the opposite side of the hexagon. As with the above holding the mouse key down during positioning of the second point will allow dynamic size control.

A hotspot in the centre of the hexagon to allow the whole hexagon to be moved. A hotspot at each corner. These enable the hexagon to be resized. A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre - the hexagon can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.

Lines

Creates a linked set of straight lines. This follows the same rules as above, although in this case you may define as many points as is required. After defining the to point of the last line click the cancel button on the Point Construction Option Form to end.

Creates orthogonal lines and follows the same rules as for Linked Straight Lines but moves the to point so that the line created is always perpendicular to the previous line.

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Allows you to sketch a line between design points and 2D or 3D points. Set the type of point for the From and To points, and press Create new line. You will be prompted to pick the points. The ends of the line can be repositioned by pressing the Position buttons. You will be prompted to pick a new position.

A hotspot in the middle of the line to allow moving of the whole line parallel to its original position A hotspot at each end to allow the associated end of the line to be moved. This may involve rotation or lengthening of the line. The other end of the line remains fixed.

Marker

This uses a single point definition to create a Marker Point. Changing the way in which the Marker is displayed can be done via Edit > Primitive.

Rectangles (and Tables) Rectangle

Requires points to be defined that are opposite. As with all the functions holding down the mouse key before final positioning will dynamically display the primitive. Table

Table, defined by opposite corner points

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This works in exactly the same way as creation of a rectangle. The difference is that after the second point is positioned the rectangle is divided into columns and rows, as defined by the defaults. These can be changed by Edit > Primitive.

A hotspot in the centre of the rectangle to allow the whole rectangle to be moved parallel to its original position. A hotspot in the centre of each of the edges. These will enable the rectangle to be stretched in that direction. The opposite edge will remain fixed, and the opposite sides remain parallel. A hotspot on each corner. This will enable the rectangle to be enlarged in such a way that the opposite corner remains fixed, and the opposite sides remain parallel to each other. A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the centre - the rectangle can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.

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Symbols

This option calls the 2D Symbols and Library forms. From here you may choose any of the 2D Symbols displayed and add them to the sheet/view.

A hotspot in the centre of the symbol to allow the symbol to be moved. A dotted line cross and four hotspots round the symbols origin - the symbol can be made to rotate about its origin by rotating this hotspot.

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Text

Left justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point. In this case the origin point will be located on the left hand side. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy. This will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.

Centre justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point. In this case the origin point will be located at the middle of the bottom most line of text. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy, this will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.

Right justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point. In this case the origin point will be located on the right hand side. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy, this will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.

A box round the text. Picking and dragging this box causes the text to move. A dotted line circle and four hotspots round the centre. The text can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating any of these hotspots.

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2D Drafting

Triangles

Definition of two points will create an Equilateral triangle.

A hotspot in the centre of the triangle to allow the whole triangle to be moved parallel to its original position. A hotspot at two of the edges of the triangle. Moving either of these enables the triangle to be resized while the other hotspot remains fixed. (Note that the triangle remains equilateral.) A dotted line cross and three hotspots round the centre. The triangle can be made to rotate about its centre by rotating this hotspot.

Views

If view frames are not visible, the user can select the View Frames on/off option on the right-click popup menu from the main display. Hotspots on view frames cannot be snapped to construction points, but they can be snapped to the grid.

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Outlines

This calls the Point Construction Option Form from which you may choose how to define your first point (From Point). After definition of each point the Point Construction form will be displayed. Define all the required points then to close the Outline select the Cancel button on the Point Construction form. This action asks if the first and last points are to be connected. If Yes then a straight line is created between the two.

Similar to the Outline but is used to create Clouds. Select the required means of point definition from the Point Construction form. Create the From and To Points. Note that the arc created will dynamically change as the To Point is moved before final positioning. Repeat the process for the creation of the To Point until the required Cloud is created. To finish the Cloud select the Cancel button this will cause an arc to be used to connect the first and last points.

This option will form a curve through a set of points to provide an open or closed outline.

This allows you to insert Vertices into either an Outline or Cloud. There are two type of outline: Polyarc - A series of connected arcs and lines Spline - A smooth bi-cubic curve connecting the points on the outline An outline may be closed, but this property is not preserved if the user chooses to move one of the ends and not the other. Both types of outline may be picked and dragged to a new position. The detailed modification behaves differently, as described below: Polyarcs A hotspot at each end of the arc or line. Moving either of these will move the

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endpoint of that arc or line (in the same way as for arcs or lines above), and will also move the endpoint of the next arc or line connected to that same endpoint. A hotspot at the mid point of the arc/line. Moving this will change the bulge factor of the arc/line and could thus change a line into an arc. If the user clicks on a hotspot, it becomes selected and changes colour to be white. The user can then select from the pop-up menu either: Delete point: If it is an endpoint, the whole arc or line is deleted. If it is a mid point, the arc becomes a straight line. The first point cannot be deleted. Insert After: The user then picks a new position on the screen, and a new straight-line span is created from the end of the currently selected span, and connected to the following one.

Splines A hotspot at each vertex. Moving any of these will cause the curve to be recalculated dynamically. If the user clicks on a hotspot, it becomes selected and changes colour to be white. The user can then select from the pop-up menu either: Delete point: The point is deleted, and the curve recalculated without it. The first point on the outline cannot be deleted. Insert After: The user then picks a new position on the screen, and a new curve is calculated which includes this point positioned after the selected hotspot. A new point cannot be placed before the first one.

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Miscellaneous Construction Options

All topics covered in this section may be selected from the Construct option from the 2D Drafting bar menu. Group The group option is selected by Construct>Group, this will display Group form. This selection does not create a group element but links all the selected elements together in such a way that Draft can track all the items owned by a group. Using groups allows you to carry out the same operation on a number of elements simultaneously.

The selection of primitives to be included in the group may be carried out by any one of three methods, these being Identified, Crossing and Window. Identified: allows the selection of individual elements. Crossing: allows you to define a region selecting all elements that are either totally or partly within the defined area. Window: allows you to define a region selecting all elements that are totally within the defined area. After choosing the required method of element selection click the Add button, this will display a form asking that the elements are identified or that a region is defined. After completion of the selection, all group members will be changed to display the colour set, as a default, by the Setting>Group Colour option from the 2D Drafting bar menu. The Clear button will remove all elements from the group and return them back to their original colour. Remove allows individual elements to be removed from the group and returned to the original colour.

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2D Drafting

The Perform Action On Group button displays the form of the same name which is used to enter, by syntax, the operation you wish to carry out on the group, ie. nlpn 6 by y20 this will change the noteline pen to show dashed line style. moves all group elements 20 units the elements as a thick in the +Y direction.

The Filter button allows the setting up of selection criteria to help in only selecting the required elements. You may not wish to select any arcs that are green from a particular Note/Vnote so by setting the Filter these items will not be selected. 2D Copy After choosing this option a message is displayed requesting the selection of a 2D primitive. You may select as many primitives as you wish. To finish the selection click the Cancel button. You must then provide an origin point. This point will be used to position the copy. Now define a point that will be used to calculate the displacement. Repeat Offset; a message will be displayed asking for all the 2D primitives required to be identified. Now you must identify an origin point, the displacement is set by defining a second point which must also be defined. The definition of the two points will display the Offset Copy form with the values of the points already entered, you may change these if required. Click OK when ready. Rows & Columns; a message will be displayed asking for all 2D primitives required to be identified. Now complete the Rows & Columns form for the spacing and number of rows and columns required. Polar; a message will be displayed asking for the all 2D primitives required to be identified. Now define a point which is to be used as the centre of rotation. Once defined, the Polar form will be displayed showing the settings for the point you defined. Complete this form as required and click OK. Mirror A message will be displayed asking for all 2D primitives required to be identified. To define the Mirror Axis you may use one of three methods. Cursor - define two points to produce a temporary line which is used as the axis. Identified Line - select a 2D primitive line that will be used as the axis. The last option requires you to enter the position via the keyboard or cursor selections.

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Chamfers Identify the lines to which the chamfer is to be applied. (The first and second lines to be hit correspond to Line 1 and Line 2 to which the chamfer offsets were applied. Finally identify the quadrant where the chamfer line is to appear. This is obvious where two lines have common start/end points (as in the example on the previous page), but in the case of two crossing lines any one of four quadrants may be chosen. Fillets Identify the lines to which the fillet is to be applied, and finally identify the quadrant where the fillet arc is to appear. This is obvious where two lines have common start/end points, but in the case of two crossing lines any one of four quadrants may be chosen. Parallel Lines Identify the line that is to be copied. A copy will be created at a default setting which can be altered on the Parallel Line form. The Invert button changes the direction of the copy Tangent Line This will draw a line tangent with two circles or arcs. The tangent will be drawn depending on where you select the circle. A form will be displayed that will allow you to reselect either points on the circles to define a different tangent. Where the tangent is between arcs you also have the option to trim the arc to the connection point of the tangent.

Ray Line A Ray Line is a form of construction line. You will be prompted for two points. The first point is the start point, the second point is the through point. The line will continue to the edge of the sheet. A form will be displayed which will allow you to change the X and Y values of the through point and the angle of the line. It is also possible to use the Edit>Line Trim option to cut the line back from the sheet edge.

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2D Drafting

Constructed Line This option will allow you to draw an infinite line through two given points. It is also possible to use the Edit>Line Trim option to cut the line back from the sheet edge. Bisector Line This will construct a line that bisects the angle formed by two selected lines. The bisector will start at the intersection of the two selected lines and continue to the sheet edge. A Bisector may also be trimmed using the Edit>Line Trim option. Local Symbols Local Symbols are created from the Construct option of the 2D Drafting bar menu. These symbols can be created at any time and are local to the PDMS database REGI being used. To create select the Construct>Local Symbol option and Identify the primitives required for the symbol. Define a point which is to be the datum for the symbol. All that is now required is that a meaningful name is given to this symbol. Once created, Local Symbols can be selected and added to your drawing as required, in a similar way to Symbolic Labels (covered earlier). To select a Local Symbol select the Draw>Local Symbol option This displays the Local Symbol form which contains all symbols available for selection. When the correct symbol is shown click on it. After the OK you may place as required. NOTE: Local Symbols are your own personal symbols and are not available to other users. The definition will be lost on leaving PDMS unless you do a Display>Save>Forms and Display. The graphics will remain on the sheet however. Edit Edit>Primitive This allows you to alter the attribute settings for the selected primitive. Before selection of this option you must have already selected the primitive to be edited. Once selected the Modify primitive type Attributes form will be displayed to allow the resetting of the attributes. When finished click Apply, Reset will return the last saved settings. Edit>Move Primitive/Node To Note that when the the Edit>Move Primitive/Node To is selected that all nodes on all primitives will be shown to aid selection. Once selected, depending on the option selected from the submenu, a form will be displayed for you to position were this node should now be positioned. Note centres of arcs, circles etc. are not moved. Edit>Move Primitive By This allows you to move the whole primitive by a distance which is either calculated by the entering of two cursor points or entering the amount to move in the X and Y directions. Edit>Move Node By This allows you to reposition a Node on a primitive thereby changing the shape of the primitive.

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Edit>Line Gap Allows the creation of a Gap which may have a length of Zero, Default or defined by its Start and Finish points. Edit>Line Trim Is used to Trim line or arc to another arc or line which is to be selected. Edit>Rotate This will allow the selected element/s to be rotated about a selected point by a user defined angle. Edit>Demolish Symbol This will break the links created when defining a Local Symbol see above. Edit>Action Group This will call up the Perform Action on Group form were you can enter syntax to perform a particular action on the whole group, ie change the colour that its displayed in etc.

2D Settings
Menu choices from the Settings menu are covered in Module M20 Advanced Drawing Production, however, the following settings are applicable to 2D Drafting: Group Filter You can set up a filter which controls which types of element will be selected when you create a Group using the Crossing or Window options on the Group form. The Group Filtering form will appear when you select Settings>Group Filter on the main menu, and also when you select Filter on the Group form. You can specify element types, colours or all the primitives owned by a given Note. Element corresponding to the highlighted options will be included in the Group. The All or None option lists will select all or none of the criteria in the associated list. This calls the Group Filtering form from which you may set the defaults required to be used when building groups

To use this form you will need to set the items required for each of the three columns. When selected to be active they are shown as white text on a black background. The default setting for each column is ALL. If you wish to change the

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2D Drafting

selection first switch the button below the column to None causing all items to be deselected. You may now select the required items for the filter. Do this for all columns. When the filter is used by the GROUP form the primitives selected will be checked against the filter data and ones which match will not then be checked by the remaining selectors. The primitives will be selected, first its TYPE, then its COLOUR is checked and so on.

2D Utilities
Load Text Utilities > Load Text. A Load Text From File form will appear. If the text file you wish to load is not in the Local (i.e. current) directory, type the appropriate directory pathname into the Directory text box and press Enter. The Files scrollable list lists all the files in the current directory. Select the required file. The name of the selected file (assuming it is a text file) will appear next to Text File: If you wish to position the (origin of the) text using the pointer, select Cursor from the option button to the right of Position, then click on the desired Sheet position on the display. The Sheet co-ordinates of the chosen point will appear in the Position text boxes. If you wish to position the (origin of the) text using Sheet coordinates, type the required co-ordinates into the Position text boxes. If required, use the controls at the bottom of the form to vary the text Colour, Font, Justification, Character Height, Spacing or Line Spacing.

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Sketch Drafting When selected, the Utilities > Sketch Drafting the 2D Attributes form will be displayed. This form will allow the setting of default pens, text justification, character height, alignment, character spacing, and line spacing. You can also set the Fill pen to be On allowing cross hatching to be used. The settings on this form can be set to be used automatically or on request. To use automatically make sure that the button located in the top left hand corner is depressed. When the automatic is switched on the icon shown in colour. If you do not have the automatic on then it may be used by first navigating to the required element, selecting Sketch Drafting 2D Attributes and click the Apply to CE button.

Dynamic Primitives

This option calls the Dynamic Primitives form that will display the attributes of the selected primitive. To change any of the settings simply enter the required value into the correct field and after the Enter key has been depressed the primitive will change to reflect the new values entered. The Origin may also be repositioned using the buttons on the right hand side of the form. The origin may be moved, any of the default options shown or the origin may be redefined by selection of the Define Origin button. If you left the Define button on All then you may reset all the values.

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2D Drafting

Exercise 10 2D Draughting
Using the Drawing with four views of the STABILISER plant that you created in Exercise 2, create a title for each view, ensuring that each text element is on the correct VNOT. Create 2D primitives using all of the options on the Draw toolbar. Experiment with the different options on the Point Construction Option Form. Click on the different types of primitives you created in 2 and edit them in turn by selecting Edit>Primitives from the main toolbar. Note how the edit form changes to suit the primitive being edited. Experiment with the construction options, e.g. 2D Copy, Mirror, Chamfer Line, etc. in the Construct pull-down on the main menu. Delete all the primitives on the views. Add some section marks using 2D symbols. Create a text file containing some general notes using TextPad or WordPad. Create a Sheet NOTE and import the text file as General Notes using Utilities>Load Text from the main menu, positioning the notes at the top of the Notes column on the right-hand side of the drawing. Create a revision triangle, containing a suitable revision identifier, as a Local Symbol. Create a revision cloud around some Design elements in the views and add the revision Local Symbol to each cloud.

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Session
Section Planes
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:

10

Create and Modify Flat Section Planes using the traditional method. Create and Modify Stepped Section Planes using the 3D view

Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The use of Flat Section Planes.

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Section Planes

Section Planes
DRAFT gives you the ability to construct sections through specified Design items, the results of which can be displayed at VIEW level. All Planes are database items and can therefore be used with more than one VIEW. There are three types of section planes: Flat Plane Perpendicular Plane Stepped Plane This module covers Flat Planes only. Module 20 Advanced Drawing Production covers Perpendicular and Stepped Planes. The Section Mode option button, on View Create or Modify, can be set to Omit Fractional Components, in which case, any components which are not completely inside the sectioned View will be omitted. All Planes are created and held within a Library structure and are owned by a Planes Library (PLLB). To use a plane to produce a sectioned view of part of the Design, you need to create a View Section (VSEC) element (starting at the relevant VIEW), which will refer to the appropriate type of plane element in the Planes Library. A Planes Library is always created automatically (if the Drawing does not already have one) whenever you make one of the Create>View>Section menu selections. The appropriate type of Plane is then created as a member of the Planes Library, being referred to by the VIEW Section. NOTE: Sectioning will only be displayed for non simple wireline VIEWs.

10-2

Creating Flat Planes (Traditional Method)

Starting at VIEW level, select Create>View>Section Flat. A View Section element will be created automatically, and a Create a Flat Plane form will appear.

The Name text box will contain the automatically assigned Plane name, which you can change if you wish. Select the required Plane positioning method from the option button located to the right of the Position button, then click on the Position button. Position the 3D point through which the plane is to pass. If Explicit is selected, an Explicit Plane Position form will appear. Enter the required co-ordinates into the text boxes and click on Apply. If Id Cursor, Id P-Point or Cursor is selected, an appropriate message will be displayed. Click on the required Design item, ppoint (wireline views only) or 3D point as appropriate. Cutting option button lists the available Drawlists. The items to be cut by the plane will be those referred to by the selected list. If World is selected, all items in the owning VIEWs Drawlist will be cut. Direction defines a vector normal to the plane, set to the current VIEW direction by default. If you wish to change this, type the new direction into the text box. Centerline Mode. If this is active then everything included on the Drawlist except the Center-Line of pipes if displayed will be Cut. Retain Data option button lists the available options for defining which side of the cut items are to be discarded from the display. The default In front of Plane means that everything on the observers side of the plane will be discarded. Select as appropriate. Having clicked on OK, select Graphics>Update>Design from the Draft General bar menu in order to update the VIEW contents.

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Section Planes

Modifying Flat Planes (Traditional Method)

Note that you must be at VIEW level or below to modify a Flat Plane. Select Modify>View>Section Flat. To display the Modify a Flat Plane form:

This form is almost the same as the form used when creating a Flat Plane. The difference is that there are two extra buttons on this form. These are Sketch and Erase buttons. Sketch will draw the profile of the cutting plane being used. Erase will remove from the screen the drawing aids showing the cutting plane. Having clicked on Apply, select Graphics>Update Design from the DRAFT menu bar in order to update the VIEW contents.

10-4

Creating Stepped Planes Using 3D View

From the 3D View you can create, manipulate and manage Section Planes. The following buttons allow you to access planes functionality: Show Section Planes: Activates Section Planes and displays the Section Planes form. All section Planes are displayed as green, transparent planes. The origins of the planes are indicated by a cross (X). An arrow indicates the normal to the plane. The Section Planes form allows you to create and amend planes. Indicate Section Plane Clipping indicates the clipping side of the section plane by displaying a series of perpendicular lines behind the section plane. Select to activate the Section Planes form. For example:

The form indicates: The name of the View. The identity of each plane. The properties of each plane.

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Section Planes

Creating a Section Plane

Selecting in the Section Planes form creates a new Section Plane in the 3D View. This is effectively a stepped plane with just two points defined. Section planes are always created across the full span view and to the full depth of the model:

You can also create and amend planes using this form: New Section Plane: This creates a new Section Plane in the 3D View. This is effectively a stepped plane with just two points defined. To create a stepped plane with more points, the Redefine Points option is used. Section planes are always created across the full span view and to the full depth of the model. They can then be moved and edited according to your requirements. New Clipping List: Displays the Create Drawlist forms to create a new clipping list. Show Clipping List: This shows the clipping list for the Section Planes. Each section plane can have a selective clipping list. The contents of each list can be displayed in a selected colour.

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To amend the planes details highlight the Section Plane on the Section Planes form. Hold down the right-mouse button and select the required option from the context menu: Displays the Modify Plane form. This allows you to redefine the points to make a stepped plane using the pointer in the 3D View. This flashes the selected plane. Displays/hides the selected plane in the 3D View. This deletes the selected plane. You are asked if you wish to delete the VSEC referencing the section plane. If yes, you are then asked to confirm the deletion of the section plane. Note that you may not wish to delete the plane if it is a library plane referenced by a number of VSECs. Clipped Sets the section plane to clip/unclip specified elements. Flip Switches the side of the plane to be clipped. This is displayed as perpendicular lines on the side of the plane to be clipped. Highlight Clip Highlights elements selected for clipping. List Colour This selects the colour displayed for the selected plane from the associated menu. Transparent Switches between displaying the plane as transparent or opaque. Modify Redefine Points Highlight Shown Delete

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Section Planes

Editing a Section Plane

After you have created a section plane in the 3D View using the manipulate the position of the plane in the 3D View. To do this: button, you can

When you select the section plane manipulation handles are displayed for you can reposition the plane in the 3D View. For example:

To reposition the plane: Select the appropriate handle by pressing and holding down the left-mouse button with the pointer over the handle of interest. While continuing to hold down the left mouse button, drag the handle as required. The display changes to indicate the direction and extent of movement:

10-8

You then: Drag the handles until the plane is in the required location. Release the mouse button. With the movement handles selected, you can also use the right-mouse shortcut menu to orient the plane: Enter Value This allows you to enter a rotation value about the current point. Orient to Point This allows you to orient the plane to a selected point on the view. Align with This aligns the selected plane with a selected direction. direction Align with... This aligns the plane with a selected element. Rotate Handle This provides the above options for the selected rotation handle. See the Draft online help for more details of the movement handles.

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Section Planes

Exercise 11 Section Planes

Create a sheet of any size that contains four views. The views should have viewing directions of North, East, Down and Iso3 respectively. Create a Drawlist that contains the equipment element P1501A and the WALLSITE element from the STABILISER Site. Set the Drawlist Ref for each view to this Drawlist. Create Flat Planes in each view with a direction of your choice. Retain the data In Front of Plane in all cases and note the effect on the Design elements in the views. Modify all planes to retain data Behind Plane and note the effect on the Design elements in the views. Modify the Direction of each plane in turn and note the effect on the Design elements in the view. Create two separate Drawlists, one containing /P1501A and the other containing the WALLSITE. In one of the orthogonal views delete the existing Flat Plane and create two new Flat Planes with directions perpendicular to each other, e.g. one North and one East. Set one plane to cut the Drawlist containing /P1501A and the other plane to cut the Drawlist containing the WALLSITE. Update the view graphics and note the effect of the two planes. In one of the orthogonal views delete the existing Flat Plane and create a Stepped plane using the 3D View.

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Appendix
View Types
Wireline

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View Types

Modelled Wireline

Local Hidden Line

11-2

Global Hidden Line

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View Types

Universal Hidden Line

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Appendix
Intelligent Text and Alternative Character Set
Intelligent Text

Intelligent Text can be automatically extracted from the Design, Catalogue or Drawing databases to replace the Drawing Intelligent text code words, which begin with a # character. See below for examples. For this we will use as an example a pipe name of /ZONE-4/BRANCH-6

Text
Character No.

/
1

Z
2

O
3

N
4

E
5

4
7

/
8

B
9

R
10

A
11

N
12

C
13

H
14

15

6
16

Intelligent Text Format

#NAME #NAME(C2:) #NAME(C2:7) #NAME(P-2:) #NAME(P/2:) #NAME(P2:) #NAME(P/2:)(C2:) #< #> #<#NAME(P/2:)(C2:) #<#NAME(P/2:)(C2:)#> #POSU #POSU<WRT ZONE>

Result
/ZONE-4/BRANCH-6 ZONE-4/BRANCH-6 ZONE-4 -6 /BRANCH-6 /BRANCH-6 BRANCH-6 Starts underline Ends underline BRANCH-6 BRANCH-6 U3000 Returns the position using zone co-ordinates

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Intelligent Text and Alternative Character Set

#POS<WRT /1501A-N1> #P1POS<WRT /1501A-N1> #PARA[3]<FROM SPREF CATREF> #PARA[3]<FROM /VCHJJ> #HBORE<FROM CREF> #:UDA

Returns the position relative to named item. Returns the position of P1 relative to named item. Navigates to the catalogue element and returns the value of parameter 3. Navigates to the named element an returns parameter 3. This will output the HBORE (head bore) referred to by the DDNM attribute. This will output the value of the specified User Definable Attribute.

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Alternative Character Set

The Alternative Character set provides useful symbols for the users. To use these the tilde character (~) must precede the required code for the symbol required.
Symbol Code B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Down arrow Steelwork Channel Steelwork Angle Steelwork H-Section Steelwork I-Section Steelwork T-Section Steelwork Double Angle Steelwork L-Section Mu Yen sign Steelwork hollow circular Section Plate symbol Copyright symbol Registered trademark symbol Steelwork hollow rectangular Section Trademark symbol Meaning Footnote symbol Centreline symbol Diameter symbol Symbol Code W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * + / < = > [ ] ^ Left arrow Hash Right arrow Much less than Much greater than Up arrow Line Meaning Omega Superscript `1' Superscript `2' Superscript `3' Degrees symbol or superscript 0

12-3

Intelligent Text and Alternative Character Set

Alternative Characters can be used on their own or combined with Intelligent Text: ~C produces a Centerline symbol.
~C#POSU produces the Centreline symbol followed by the Up position. Normal text may be used in combination with Alternative characters and Intelligent text: #<~C#NAME(C2:)#> POSITION IS #POSU returns the Centerline symbol and name of the attached element, all underlined, followed by a normal text message (i.e. POSITION IS) followed by its Up position.

12-4

Appendix
DRAFT Database Hierarchy

13-1

DRAFT Database Hierarchy

13-2

Appendix
Example Sheets
Dimensioning Example Sheets

14-1

Example Sheets

14-2

14-3

Example Sheets

14-4

14-5

Example Sheets

Labelling Example Sheets

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14-7

Example Sheets

14-8

14-9

Example Sheets

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