3 LUKACS In his Ideology of Modern Literature Georg Lukacs claimed that literature should condemn, criticize, resist, that

t ideology of modernism was static (hopeless) as opposed to, developmental, Aristotelian. Man acquires identity if he interacts with society, a man is zoon politikon. Developmental means to change the society. Being a Marxist, Lukacs agreed with Marxs ideas that should not only be interpreted, but also changed. We have this principle of interaction in modernist literature, and it is Heideggerian (accoding to Lukacs) a man is thrown into being. Man is unable to establish relationships with things or persons outside himself, and also it is impossible to determine theoretically the origin of human existence. The hero is confined to his own experience in modernist literature, the hero is thrown into the world, meaninglessly, unfathomably. He does not develop through contact with the world. Characters are isolated, passive, concerned only with their states of mind. Modernist authors depict the psychopathological states of mind, neurotics, isolated people. This is inward turning, this retreat to the zone is simply not the way to characterize people in novels, not in reality. How do we interact with society? How do we define ourselves? Every person has infinitive abstract potentials. Within the world of your subjective imagination, there are infinite potentials. Philosophy distinguishes between ABSTRACT and CONCRETE potentiality. These 2 potentialities are rooted within life itself. ABSTRACT potentiality is richer than actual life. MODERN SUBJECTIVISM, TAKING THESE IMAGINED INFINITE POSSIBILITIES FOR ACTUAL COMPLEXITY OF LIFE, OSCILATES BTW MELANCHOLY AND FASCINATION. Modern novel does not have the distinction between abstract and concrete potentialities. Lukacs criticizes Kafka for not acting, not understanding, not predicting what will happen next. If we take only the ABSTRACT potentialities, the subject will disintegrate. Many modern authors depict pathological cases, because life in capitalism is so disappointing. THE ONLY PROPER, VALID CRITICISM WAS TOWARDS LIFE WHICH IS BETTER! The CONCRETE potentiality is the one that is being chosen among the ABSTRACT, because potentiality can, in life, become reality. Situations arise if a man is confronted with a choice. The fait of the character depends upon the potentiality in question. With many modernist authors psychopathology became the goal, TERMINUS AD QUEM (destination) of their artistic intention. This is a rejection of reality, and there isnt concrete criticism, it leads to nowhere, an escape into nothingness. This sort of a protest, not based on social conditions, is not fruitful. TERMINUS A QUO (STARTING POINT) the corrupt society of our time, is inevitably the main source of energy, it is the condition from which it is desired to escape. Lukacs has a reading of history which is developmental, not static, modernism has, for him, a hopeless attitude, and the reality should be changed. The resolution should happen in a book. It should happen in the mind of the reader. Shaw was forward looking; he wasnt looking inwardly, but towards social observation, and change, where personal and social changes were the same. PISATI O ST. JOAN I O COCKTAIL PARTY

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