LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.

OYO STATE LIBRARY OGBOMOSO

A PROJECT APPRAISAL REPORT BY

ONAOLAPO SOLOMON BIDEMI

(011488) SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) IN ARCHITECTURE

SUPERVISED BY ARC E.O. MARTINS AUGUST, 2007.

CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project was carried out by ONAOLAPO, Solomon Bidemi of Matric number: 011488 and that I supervised the work accordingly.

. Arc Iyanda (MNIA) (SUPERVISOR)

Date

.. Arc Oyedemi (SUPERVISOR)

Date

. Arc S.A Okanlawon M.Sc. (MNIA) HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to Almighty God, the author and finisher of my life.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Also, my appreciation goes to all my lecturers for their support during the course of this project. Finally, to all friends and course mate for their assistance towards the successful completion of this project. Thanks and God bless you all.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication Certification Acknowledgement Table of Content List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates Abstract CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 1.0.1 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 General Introduction Definitions Types of Library and Functions Background Information Library Development in Africa Evolution of Libraries in Nigeria Project Justification Aim and Objectives Aim Objectives Scope of the Project iii iv v vi ix x xi xii

CHAPTER 2 2.0 2.1 Methodology of Research Literature Review

2.1.1 Library Location 2.1.2 Library Set-up and Description 2.1.2.1. Technical Service Department 2.1.2.2. Readers Service Department 2.1.2.3 Non- print Media Resources Unit 2.1.2.4 Administrative Department 2.1.3. Library Management 2.1.4 Library Fires

2.1.5. Access to Libraries for Persons with Disabilities Checklist 2.1.6 Day Lighting Design in Libraries 2.1.6.1. Light Distribution 2.1.6.2. Design for the Day Light Component 2.1.7. Space Requirement 2.1.8 Book Shelves and Book Storage Capacity 2.1.9. Readers Facilities and Space 2.1.10. Critical Sizes in Readers Areas 2.2. 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 Case Studies Case Study 1 (Oyo State Library) Case Study 2 (Osun State Library) Case Study 3 (Kaduna State Library) Case Study 4 Kwara State Library) Case Study 5 (Lagos State Library)

2.3. Deductions from Case Studies CHAPTER 3 3.0 Study Area 3.1 Historical Background of Study Area 3.2 Geographical Location 3.3 Physical Setting 3.4 Commerce and Industry 3.5 Geographical Factors 3.5.1. Climate and Weather 3.5.2. Vegetation 3.5.3. Relief and Drainage 3.5.4 Wind 3.6 Geology and Soil type 3.7 Land Use Pattern 3.8 Available Service 3.9 Site Location and Description 3.10 Site Selection Criteria 3.11 Site Analysis

CHAPTER 4

BRIEF AND BRIEF ANALYSIS

4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3

Brief Brief Development Brief Analysis Space Analysis DESIGN CONCEPT PROJECT APPRAISAL RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 5.0 5.1 6.1 7.1 7.2 Concept Services CHAPTER 6.0 CHAPTER 7.0 Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCE APPENDICES

LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Sex Composition of Egbeda Local Government. .23 Table 3.2: Age Composition of Egbeda Local Government...24 Table 3.3: Method of Final Disposal of Refuse in Egbeda Local Govt..25 Table 4.1: Space Analysis of Administrative Facilities in the Proposed Design..29

LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1: Site Layout of Olivet Baptist High School, Oyo9 Fig 2.2: Site Layout of Nickdel College, Akobo, Ibadan.12 Fig 2.3: Site Layout of SPED International School, Oyo...15 Fig 2.4: Site Layout of Sapati International School, Ajase-Ipo, Ilorin.17 Fig 2.5: Site Layout of Federal Government College, Ogbomoso20 Fig 5.1: Arrangement of Different Forms of Rectangle.30

LIST OF PLATES

Case Study 1:Olivet Baptist High School, Oyo. Plate 2:1 Administrative Block.10 Plate 2:2 Female Hostel Block ...10 Plate 2:3 Interior of Classroom ...10 Case Study 2:Nickdel College, Akobo, Ibadan. Plate 2:5 Administrative Block.12 Plate 2:6 Classroom Block .12 Plate 2:7 Female Hostel Block ......12 Case Study 4:Sapati International School, Ajase-Ipo, Ilorin. Plate 2:9 Administrative Block.18 Plate 2:10 Interior of Male Hostel .18 Plate 2:11 Interior of Chemistry Laboratory 18 Case Study 5:Federal Government College, Ogbomoso. Plate 2:13 Administrative Block...21 Plate 2:14 Male Hostel Block .21 Plate 2:15 Female Hostel Block 21

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1 1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Turbulent seems the proper Word to describe our modern world. Everything seems to be changing, sometimes slowly and sometimes at jet speed. Some changes follow sequence that we recognise as continuity; others come suddenly without warning. Therefore, to conserve material such

as books which speak not only from one man to another, from one culture to another, but from one generation or age to another and also provide the union of understanding that links the generations, share human experience down through time. An effort to develop a stronger continuity of history led to the emergence of libraries which have passed through a series of historical development. During this developmental processes, various kind of definitions have been given to the library in consonance with its original purpose. This purpose was the preservation of records which were not originally books but records made up of the written history, culture and knowledge of humanity at various times. Libraries were then mere depositories and store house of knowledge. 1.0.1 DEFINITIONS Library, an English word is derived from the Latin word liber meaning book. Therefore, according to wikipedia library is a collection of information, sources, resources and services, organised for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, it means a collection of books and essential instruments for giving reality to the potential of books for immortality. Being at the heart of information revolution, libraries are experiencing rapid and radical technological change, so one has to make sure of the library capacity to tolerate or adapt to sudden change and to avail itself of new opportunities. 1.1 TYPES OF LIBRARIES AND FUNCTIONS During the development of libraries all over the world, various types have evolved to serve the varying interest which can be classified into categories by several methods.

By the entity (institution, municipality, or corporate body) that supports or perpetuates them
o o o o o o

school libraries private libraries corporate libraries government libraries academic libraries historical society libraries digital libraries data libraries picture (photograph) libraries slide libraries tool libraries

By the type of documents or materials they hold

o o o o o

By the subject matter of documents they hold

o o o o o o

architecture libraries fine arts libraries law libraries medical libraries military libraries theological libraries military communities childrens library students library Academic libraries: these libraries are located on the campuses of higher institutions and serve primarily the students, faculties and those of other academic institutions. Some academic libraries may be accessible to the public when necessary on special permission. School libraries: schools libraries serve elementary, middle, and secondary schools. The main function is to support various educational programs. Hence, the need of libraries at these levels cannot be overemphasized since they form the foundation in education. Research libraries: These libraries contain collections of research and other unique materials to support the advanced and highly specialized scholarship. Thus, research libraries are academic libraries usually located in research institutes such as International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), NIRCA. Special libraries: All other libraries fall into this category. Many businesses and public organizations, including hospitals, museums, professional firms such as law, architectural firm and many government departments and agencies, maintain their own libraries for the use of their employees on specialized research related to their work. Special libraries may or may not be accessible to the public. Branches of a large academic or research libraries dealing with particular subjects may also be referred to as "special libraries". Public libraries: The public library has from inception, been regarded as a free library setup to provide traditional service to everyone. Therefore, it provides service to the general public and makes one of its books available for borrowing, so that readers may

By the users they serve

o o o

By traditional professional divisions:

o

use them at home over a period of days or weeks to provide themselves for educational, information, and recreational need.
o

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public libraries)

FUNCTIONS OF LIBRARIES

Acquisitions: Libraries acquire materials to meet users needs from various sources: book vendors, purchase order from within and outside the country, direct local purchase, book fairs and exhibitions.

Information: The library can be rightly regarded as the store house or engine room of knowledge so people go there in search of information that will aid them in their studies or research.

Education: The library is an ideal environment for people to improve their knowledge especially students. There, they can pursue knowledge which is beyond their classrooms, textbooks and their teachers.

Preservation of culture: Culture has been defined as the way of life and the belief of the people consequently, a society has the duty to preserve its culture so that generations yet unborn would come to be farmiliar with the culture of the people.

Education: In an ideal setting, the library is supposed to provide recreational facilities for users to engage themselves in. The provision of recreational facilities in forms of games should be encouraged.

1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION From wikipedia, the origin and development of libraries have been traced to the early civilisations in which Egypt, Greece, Rome and few others featured prominently. The contributions of these civilisations formed the bedrock on which modern library system evolved. The first libraries were only partly libraries, being composed for the most part of unpublished records, which are usually viewed as archives, not libraries. During the ancient times, in the earliest days of recorded civilisation in Mesopotamia, the materials used for writing was wet clay, into which wedge-shaped or cuneiform, letter were passed with a square ended stylus. See fig 1.1
Fig.1.1

The tablets, hard- baked, have survived in great numbers to the present days. By the beginning of the middle ages, the papyrus scroll was no longer the common text format. It had been replaced by the parchment codex, an early form of book consisting of a bundle, of folded parchment sheets

inscribed on both sides which are stitched together and placed between protective covers. Europe and its libraries changed substantially during the late middle ages. During the renaissance, from about the mid-14th century to the later part of the 16th century, scholars produced a flood of literature, expressing new belief about society, religion, government, art, culture and other subjects. However, libraries established during the renaissance usually contained works from all period, classical, medieval and contemporary.
1.2.1. LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA

The winds of change that have swept across Africa since the close of World War 11 have accelerated considerably the pace of library development. Political independence has been accompanied by planned efforts aimed at economic and social development to raise living standards. The rapid expansion of education has also been a key factor in this process. Throughout the 20th century, foreign organizations spare head the effort to create libraries in Africa, often through the contribution of international agencies such as British Council, United States Information Agency. Most libraries were then modelled on those in France, Britain and Portugal which were the major colonial powers of Africa.
1.2.2. EVOLUTION OF LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA

The development of library services in Nigeria began in the late 1920s when the Lagos Book Club was formed. Members of this club circulated books among themselves. This club was formed by a group of expatriate civil servants and a few Nigerians. The club then received a grant of $6,500 from the Carnegie Corporation of New York in1932. This made it possible for Lagos library to be inaugurated in June 1932. By 1948, when the University college Ibadan was established, 18,000 volumes of Henry Carr books were bought by the Nigeria government which served as the nucleus of the new University Library. In addition, the British council library was also opened in 1943 which serves as an information centre during the war period as well as provides facilities for people interested in reading. 1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION The need of this project is to solve the challenges posed by the rapid expansion of education in Ogbomoso coupled with inadequate facilities in the existing library.

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 1.4.1. AIM

To propose a structure that is functional in space relationship and will serve as a befitting focal point for educational development in Ogbomoso. 1.4.2. OBJECTIVES Provision of facilitating innovation that will cater for rapid and radical technological change. Achievement of a useful environment through adequate planning and space organization. Arrangement several elements in a manner this will serve maximum flexibility. Creation of an aesthetic structure which will be appealing to the users.

1.5. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The project is limited to a structure with a maximum height of 2 floors and all its functional spaces accommodating at least 450 patrons. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH. Various methods were employed in the course of this project and the result gathered depended on the quality of the data collected. Some of these included: reconnaissance surveys, photographic survey, interviews, internet browsing, survey of literature through books, written documents and journals; and also case studies of similar projects. 2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW: These are researches carried on projects with several books and journals.
2. 1.1. LIBRARY LOCATION

Edward Dmills 1976 observes that the location of any library is one of the greatest factors in ensuring its success in use. In view of its function, the location of a public library is dependent on the ability to attract users and readers. Hence, a conveniently located, attractive library will stimulate dramatically increase library use. Joseph De Chiara 2001 also reaffirmed the importance of a central location in statement A prominent easily accessible location is required to attract a large number of persons. Therefore, the library should be placed where people naturally converge in the heart of the shopping and business district, rather than in a remote location such as park, civic centre or quiet side street.
2. 1.2. LIBRARIES SET UP AND DESCRIPTION.

A typical library could be divided into the following departments.

2.1.2.1. TECHNICAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT

This area is usually referred to as the behind the screen. department because most of its activities are undertaken out of sight of regular users of the library. The area is made of the following sections. The acquisition section: The selection of the library materials of all kinds is done in this section by the librarian in charge. Once the selection is made and bibliography data e scrutinized, checking the stock of the library to avoid unnecessary duplication of orders is then made. When these materials get to the library, they are received here; details of materials against the details on the order ship are checked and then accessioned before passing them over to the cataloguing section. Cataloguing section: library materials from the acquisitions section are classified and catalogued here. The organisation of materials into a set pattern of classes facilitates the arrangement of these materials on the appropriate shelves with materials on specific subjects being housed together in the same area of the library as in plate 2.1 and 2.2. The excellence of the catalogue is the pride of the library because once a material is wrongly classified and shelved, it doesnt stay with members of its class and in some cases, and its like a lost material.

Call numbers on the spines of books

Card Catalogs

Plate 2.1

Plates 2.2

Serial section: various journals subscribed to the library are selected, ordered, received, processed and shelved by the serial section. The serial collection is checked constantly to determine if there are any missing issues already due but have not been received, whence claims are made. The section keeps publications that are produced at regular intervals such as daily, weekly, quarterly and annually.

2.1.2.2. READERS SERVICES DEPARTMENT

This is the area where the activities of library staff are glaringly seen. Reading room areas, with space for reading and working should be accessible and therefore situated on as few levels as possible. Access to the operational area and reading rooms on different floors should be by staircase, but lift must also be provided for the use of disable people and for book transport. The area is made up of various sections which are:

Circulation section: This is where materials that go on loan are charged and discharged return to the library (See plate 2.3.). Information not found where it belongs on the shelf could be sought from the circulation section. This is usually the first point of contact and is regarded as the busiest section in the library whose function is to register new users, keep records of books borrowed and those returned, keeping the statistics of the unit activities e.t.c. circulation route should by > 1.2m wide and clear spaces between shelves at least 1.3 1.4m wide .

Reference section: This section specializes in the provision of reference services to user which involves the provision of personal assistance to users (See plate 2.4.). The type of service required may be simple information on where to find books on a particular subject. Reference materials include; encyclopaedia, atlases, dictionaries, year books, bibliographies e.t.c.

Reserve area: In reserve area, any information material which is on great demand is normally placed on reserve, especially where there are no multiple copies of the items. Materials in the reserve are made available to users on a restricted basis.

Automated Library Circulation

Reference Area

Plate 2.3

Plates 2.4

2.1.2.3. NON-PRINT MEDIA RESOURCES UNIT

Here, materials that arent print-based are housed, organized, preserved and used for the provision of informational need of the patrons of the library. These library materials are not in printed format and can be divided into audio, visual, and audio-visual.
2.1.2.4. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT

In the collection process, in the complexity of services offered and the strength of its staff both professional and non-professional to the extent that requires and administrative unit. The chief librarian in a library becomes an administrator responsible for the management of material and human resources.
2.1.3. LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

The basic tasks in library management include the planning of acquisitions of materials, classification of acquired materials, preservation of materials (especially rare and fragile materials such as manuscripts, borrowing materials, developing and administering library computer systems, book processing. More long-term issues include the planning of the construction of new libraries or extensions to existing ones. "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library management"
2.1.4. LIBRARY FIRES

Wikipedia observes that fires in libraries happens regularly through the centuries, from the destruction of the Library of Alexandria to the Duchess Anna Amalia Library and that causes vary from arson to the Sun's rays setting fire to leaflets through the action of a magnifying lenzer in a library(sample shown in plate 2.5). Advances in technology have reduced the possibility of a library collection being destroyed by fire. These include water sprinklers, fire doors, freezers, alarms, smoke detectors, suppression systems, and emergency generators. These are all essential parts of new library design. In order to minimize the possibility of damage from fire, or other causes, and decrease the time needed for recovery after a destructive event, all libraries need a disaster management and recovery plan which will include professional development following updates in technology.

Plate 2.5 Birmingham Central Library destroyed by fire

2.1.5. ACCESS TO LIBRARIES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES CHECKLIST

In order to provide equal opportunities for all library users, it is necessary to look with the eyes of these patron groups at the physical condition of library buildings, as well as library services and programs. Everybody should be able to use the libraries entrance, stairs e.t.c. If the main entrance cannot be made accessible, a secondary accessible entrance should be provided, equipped with automatic door opener, a ramp(see plate 2.6), and so on. A person in a wheelchair or using crutches or a walker should be able to enter through the door and pass through security check points without obstacles. Entrance door should be wide enough to allow a wheelchair to enter with no door steps. However, access to materials and services providing certain number of tables and computer work stations should be adopted for persons in wheelchairs shelves reachable from a wheel chair; at least one toilet for disable persons with enough space for a wheelchair to pull up next to the toilet seat. The department for persons with reading, hearing, and other disabilities should be provided with talking

books, easy-to-read books, Braille books and large print books, non-print materials, E-book (electronic book) to overcome their psychological barriers in terms of communicating their needs.
Services for People with Disabilities

Plate 2.6 Ramped Entrance

INFORMATION OF PATRONS WITH DISABILITIES: MEDIA FORMATS REQUIRED.

Disability group Visually Impaired Deaf and hearing impaired Reading Difficulties Physical Disabilities Cognitively disability Table 2.1

Large Print

Tape/daisy Braille Website CD/DVD

Video with Subtitles sign language

Text

Easy to read

and telephone

Birgitta Irrall and Gydaskat Nielson 2005

2.1.6. DAYLIGHTING DESIGN IN LIBRARIES

The use of natural light, or day lighting, has traditional; been a building feature and a hallmark of good design. When skilfully introduced, daylight creates an ambience of quiet contemplation and visual comfort, and links the modern library user psychologically with the pre technological past. Daylight Design has recently taken a new importance, beyond these aesthetic and psychological aspects, with the advent of energy shortage and sustainability concerns. A typical condition observed in libraries with relatively poor day lighting design is that electric light fixtures are turned on during the day to overcome glare conditions created by windows or roof monitors and to balance the brightness distribution in the space.

2.1.6.1. LIGHT DISTRIBUTION

For good daylight design low glare lighting is a principal objective in libraries. Ideal ratios of brightness levels within the field of views are often described at 10:3:1, for brightness of visual task to brightness of the immediate surround to brightness of general surround. A library space that largely achieves this ratio can be considered to have a good level of visual comfort and no glare conditions.
2.1.6.2. DESIGN FOR THE DAYLIGHT COMPONENT.

Librisdesign observes that the three fundamental design issues in daylight designs are: sun control, glare effect, variation control. The three design issues are treated with type of daylight apertures (roof and wall apertures). Roof apertures: This is used to controlled use of the sun and daylight to offset much of normally lighting load. There are variety of methods of introducing diffuse, low glare daylight from the roof level, including skylights and roof monitors. See fig.2.1 (A & B)

Fig 2.1 Sun protected roof monitor (A) sky light with deep adjacent diffusing surface (B)

Wall apertures: Clear glare is preferred for day lighting, but this in turn requires carefully designed exterior sun control devices to provide adequate shading. See fig.2.2 (A & B). Although internally mounted shades and blinds reduce the high intensity and heat content of direct sunlight. The most effective sun control device is the exterior sunshade. An internal shade reduced solar heat gain by about 1/3 to of the incident solar energy. An exterior shade will create a reduction of 80% of the incident solar energy.

Fig 2.2 Horizontal sunshade device (A)

2.1.7. SPACE REQUIREMENT

vertical sunshade device (B)

There are two methods of preliminary assessment of sizes of areas to plan library buildings. The first and best method is to establish the preliminary functional areas from the number of users, and number of staff and sizes of equipment. Anders C. Dahlgren records that, the building attributes should include: To determine the service population: A projection of the needs of the design (service) population for 20 years is the starts of the library design process. This design project will allow the library to serve the future needs of its population of users and allows the library to serve the future needs of its population of users and allows the designer to determine the space needed for the preceding categories of library spaces. To calculate space needed for books: As general rule of thumb, to estimate the square footage of book storage space (with at least 36 inches wide.) divides the total projected number of volume by 10. The square footage needed for compact book storage is equal to the total projected collection divided by 25. To determine space need for user seating: In general, public libraries should provide at least 5 seats for every 1000 users in its service population. This does not include the seats needed in meeting rooms or staff areas. Also, the number of seats can be adjusted depending on the library. The most important factor in determining reader space needs is of course the reading potential of the people who will use the library.
2.1.8. BOOK SHELVES AND BOOK STORAGE CAPACITY.

Books are edited in various sizes, but it has been established that at least 90% of books are less than 230m deep. Special libraries holding large volumes of bound news paper, music or art books, will have different problems which would have to be studied specially. Thus, libraries could standardize on 230mm wide shelving, with special runs of shelving (limited number) 300mm wide for books over 230mm wide. Manufacture offers 3 lengths of shelving in their system 750mm, 900mm and 1000mm which may fit the building module if required. Wall shelving should never be higher than 1.5m and 1.375m is preferred. No shelf in public area should be lower than 300mm from the floor and preferably 400mm in island shelving. In childrens libraries, the bottom shelves can be as low as 75mm.Direct sunlight should be avoided since ultra violent and heat radiation destroy paper. Godfrey Thompson 1989 explains the adult, junior; and children libraries book shelves and capacities with the figures shown below. Shelves are also assumed to be only three quarters full to allow for expansion and book movement.

Maximum reach 2060 Max. Shelf height 1830 1680 Browsing shelves 1370 1070 Min. height to avoid Squatting 610 Browsing shelves 1370

Fig 2.3 (A) Adult libraries

Highest shelf

1680

Browsing shelves 1300 optimum 990

Min shelf height 610 for no squatting Squatting shelve 230

610mm table height 310mm seat height

Fig 2.3 (B) Junior libraries

Highest shelf 1140

Browsing shelves 910 660 510mm table height Min shelf for no 460 squatting Squatting shelve 106 280mm seat height

Fig 2.3 (B) Childrens library

2.1.9. READERS FACILITIES AND SPACE

The space in readers area will be determined by the number of readers and books to be housed in the area. The most economical layout is one with reading table in centre, surrounded with shelves round the walls. See fig 2.4(A and B)

Reference library with shelving round the wall Fig 2.4(A)

Reference library with shelving in the centre Fig 2.4(B)

2.1.10. CRITICAL SIZES IN READING AREAS

Tables: The recommended size of each individual table is 900 600mm. see fig 2.5(A) and 2.5(B) If tables are arranged in roles, the size will have to be increased to 900 900mm. Each readers allowance in reading area should be 2.3m2 giving him the share of circulation within the room. A long table can accommodate up to 12 readers. The width of such a table should be 1200mm. Seating should not be allowed at ends of tables. For childrens use, lower tables are use and round tables are commonly preferred. See Fig 2.5(C)

Recommended min. size for on person table and space. Fig 2.5(A)

recommended sizes for reading tables Fig.2.5 (B)

Round reading table for children Fig. 2.5(C) Chairs: The chairs used with the study tables should combine strength, lightness and ergonomic comfort. The slope of the seat from front to back should be minimal not more than 5o. The seat height should be 430mm high. Carrels: This where users will require more privacy they can be accommodated in, be it open or close carrels. This can be illustrated in Fig 2.6(A and B)

Open carrel Fig. 2.6 (A) Fig.2.6 (B) Control counters. The detail design of counter is of great importance to the library because of its critical operations which takes place there. The counter must be planned so that minimum movement is needed between operations. The recommended size is usually 500mm wide, and height of 1200mm with varying shapes.

More security and less congestion But requires 2 staff at all time Fig. 2.7(A)

maximum counter area useable conveniently by one person. Fig. 2.7(B)

2.2. CASES STUDIED. 2.2.1. CASE STUDY 1

NAME:

Oyo State Library, IBADAN. The Library is located along bank road, Dugbe Ibadan, opposite Cocoa House as

LOCATION:

clearly shown in fig. 2.8.1

E Y EL E

N
AP G FI L L IN N ST A T IO
/U I

LE Y E L

R ICO/E

LE Y E L

R ICO/E

TO G E

AP G FI L L IN N ST A T IO

TO G E

H ZE N IT BA N K

IA NIG E R Y A R A IL W N A T IO ST

STA D

IU M

TO SA

BO/E L

TO A NJ O OL A /S M OK

EMI OBA F O WO WA Y L A WO

LA M OK O A B OU T D R OU N A L IZE R WE M A BA N K R SIT Y U NIV E H ING TE A C A L IT H OSP

R OA D

A FR I POST NK E BA OF F IC S SH O P OY O ST A T E Y R L IBR A S SH O P

D U NI T E N A A F R IC DIST O M ETH H URC CH

TA NT

A C OC O H OU SE

BA N K

KC L M OT E O R ITA M EFA T BA PT IS H C CH U R
Y E M ET U R O AD

A CR E T T O SE A BOD IJ

R IA T

IST BA N K

KC L M OT E

TH E E CA STL L H OT E

Fig 2.8.1 LOCATION PLAN HISTORY:

It was founded by Oyo State Government and established in the year 1953, then known

as Western State Library and in 1988 it was renamed Oyo State Library and got it funds from the State Government and gifts from other organizations .The building can accommodate 500 patrons approximately and has over 100 staff (22 professionals and others.)
DESCRIPTION AND FACILITIES AVAILABLE:

IBADAN

FR O M

A G OD

The main library with its facilities is located within gate one, two and three of the site as shown in figure 2.8.2. There are hedges planted along the entire boundary of the site. Close to gate 3 is the hall and administrative building with children area in between them. Directly before the information communication technology centre is the generator house serving the whole site. Parking spaces are along the peripheral of the site and from gate one, to the right is the legal deposit. Beside the legal deposit is the library block of three floors which has concrete vertical shading device along the south-west running from the second to the third floor as it can be clearly observes in plate 2.7.1 and also horizontal shading device along the north-west and south-east direction. At one end of the library block is the entrance and at the other, the main staircase. There are two lift and circulation passage A and B. The circulation passage A contains the toilet, lift, and the staircase which runs through the floors and serves as the reading area in the first and second floor. Above ground floor is the children reading area, technical section and three offices. On the far end is the corridor B contains the office, restroom and toilet which runs to the second floor.
Fig. 2.8.2. FLOOR PLANS

WC

OFFICE

OFFICE

OFFICE

`
STAFF STAFF STAFF OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE CHILDREN'S READING AREA TECHNICAL AREA

WARE HOUSE

LIFT

L IFT

CIRCULATION

LIFT

M/ WC

M/ WC

F/ WC

F/ WC

GROUND FLOOR

1st FLOOR

LIFT

READING AREA

REST ROOM

REST ROOM

WC

OFFICE

REST ROOM

REST ROOM

READING AREA

BOOK AID/ INTERNATIONAL COLLECTION

WC

FALL

LIFT

READING AREA

SITE PLAN

FALL

F/ WC

M/ WC

LIFT

G3

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECH. CENTRE / E-LEARNING

2nd FLOOR
HALL ADMIN. BUILDING
GEN. HOUSE

ROOF PLAN

G4 PARKING
CHILDREN'S PLAY AREA
GATE HOUSE

G2

PARKING

LEGAL DEPOSITE LIBRARY

GATE HOUSE

PARK ING

G1 BANK ROAD

COCO A HOUSE

Fig.2.8.3 SITE PLAN

Plate 2.7.1 Approach view of Oyo state library Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.7.2: Admin. And ICT Centre of Oyo state library Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.7.3: Adult reading area Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.7.4: Children reading area Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

MERITS:

The site is well drained It is well landscaped with flowers and trees. Good use of levels through step and ramp placement. Good fenestration control through the use of horizontal shading device.

DEMERITS:

No defined walkway. Inadequate parking spaces for users.

2.2.2. CASE STUDY 2

NAME:

Osun state Library, OSOGBO The Library is located at Oke-fia along Ilobu road Osogbo, Osun state.

LOCATION:

N
PO ST OF F IC E

AR NB U T IS KE OR A R M

T O A DA IB

AL T OT I NG L F I L T I ON E LIC N TA S PO T I O ST A

IL N O NG CO L L I I O N FI AT ST

N IK IR U R OA D
A ES R I C AU SP E ST R NT E IL G OB N M L L I I ON FI AT ST

MOSQUE

Fig 2.9.1 LOCATION PLAN

OSOGBO

TO IK I R UN

E N U E NM OS A T E R T V E S O S G OU H

NT
TO OK O

TO IW O

A FI EOK A D RO

A FI E E- A G OK A R G

TO DAD U EST ATE

UN E Y OS A T A R ST BR LI FI R E GA I DE L

BR

CE E R LI T PO U A R Q

NI

TE

U OB D I L OA R

GH T HI U R CO

HISTORY:

Osun State library board was established on 20th April, 1994 by the then Chief of

general staff, Lt. General Oladipo Diya. The library has 30,600 numbers of collections recorded and is purposely built to serve as a legal depository for historical documents and serves as instrument to improve the reading habit of the citizens of the state.

DESCRIPTION AND FACILITIES AVAILABLE:

Entering the library site is the security post and by the sides the parking spaces surrounded with flowers as it can be clearly observes in figure 2.9.3. Taking some steps ahead, is the library block of two floors painted with white and brown texcote. It has projected windows externally and louver blade internally. The main entrance is of double swing doors and a roller shutter with a welcoming terrazzo floor finish. In front of the door, is the circulation desk and at the end, it split into junction which leads to the adult reading area, directors office, boardroom (all by your left) and to the right, librarians office, administration section, account office, childrens section, deputy directors office. Opposite the accountants office is the stair hall that leads to the reference/ serials section.

A DUL T'S L IBRARY

CHI LDREN'S LIBRARY

FA LL

W/C

DEPUTY DIR ECTOR'S OFFICE A SS. DIRECTOR'S OFFICE A SS. CHIEF L IBRA RI AN'S OFFICE DIRECTOR'S OFFI CE STORE LIBRA RI AN'S / TECHNICAL OFFICE
FA LL

W/C

FA LL

R EFER ENCE / SERIAL SECTION

SEC' TO THE DIRE CTOR R EA DER'S SERV ICE DEPAR TMENT W/C W/C

A CCOUNTANT'S STA FF

A CCOUNTANT'S OFFICE

CIRCULA TION

SECRETA RY 'S OFFICE A DMIN. OFFICE

FA LL

M ALE TOILET BOA RD ROOM

FEM ALE TOILET

A DMIN. OFFICE

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

Fig 2.9.2 FLOOR PLANS

TOIL ET (MAL E &FEMALE)

MAIN LIBRARY

PARKING

N
ILOBU ROAD OK E-FIA

GATE HOUSE

GEN. HOUSE

SITE PLAN

Fig 2.9.3 SITE PLAN

Plate 2.8.1: Approach view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.8.2: Reference section Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.8.3 Right side view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.8.4: Adult reading area Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

MERITS:

The site is well landscaped Adequate parking spaces provided Adequate ventilation and lighting Provision of ramp for disabled and transporting of materials Inadequate storage facilities No special area provided for documenting reference materials gathered

DEMERITS:

2.2.3. CASE STUDY 3

NAME:

Kaduna state Library, KADUNA The building is situated on no. 6 Bida road adjacent to the then Northern Regional

LOCATION:

High Court of Justice.

ST . A N M I CH CH G L I C E A L UR AN CH

ST A J U D TE H I G I CI A RY CO H UR T ST A L I B TE RA RY

RO

AD

NA F O T I ON R A E D T E C L BO UC A T H NI C A R D I ON A L

NA L I B T I ON RA A L RY

1ST BA NK

CO P CO O R A MM T I SS E A F I ON F A I R WE BA M A NK

BI D A

YA K WA U BU Y GO

PO S OF T FI C E

WO

CE L OF T E L FI C E

AH M WA A DU Y BE L LO

1ST BA P CH T I ST UR CH

SH O

PS SH O

NU SO R U D E C NI G I E T Y E N ER OF IA

CE N M A TR A L RK ET

PS
TO C M A H E CH RKE E NI A T

MR BI G . G

S
AH M WA A D U Y BE L LO

SK Y BA E NK

SH O

PS

MO BU H A M M HA RI ED WA Y

OF

FI C ES

N
Fig 2.10.1 LOCATION PLAN HISTORY:
SA V BA A NN NK AH

then head quarters of the Northern region. On the 19th of April 1963, it was officially opened by the then former premier of northern Nigeria Alhaji Sir, Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto, with a

KADUNA

Kaduna State library service was established 1952 in Lugard memorial hall in Kaduna,

total of 5000 volumes. The site occupies an area of approximately 170m 130m, design to accommodate up to 20,000 books with seating accommodation for 250 people at a time.
DESCRIPTION AND FACILITIES AVAILABLE:

The structure is a purposely built one on two storeys containing the adult, children, reference library, field organization department and the technical services department. Each floor is about 2.7m high with ash, cream and white emulsion paint internally. Floor finished with pvc tiles, ceramic tiles, rugs, and terrazzo. From the entrance gate 1, the gate house and the mosque are by the left and from gate 2, to your right is the training publication division department. Stepping forward is the main library building. Entering into it, by your right is the childrens library room which leads to their playing area as shown clearly in plate 2.9.3 and by the left is the stair hall that leads to the adult library section. At one end, is the bindery section, head organization department, and a staircase leading to the technical, reference, and the administrative section comprising the directors, auditors, accountants, and staff office.

FIE LD OR GANI ZATION DEPARTMENT

BI NDERY SECTION

BINDERY SECTION

PRINTING M ACHINE STORE

W/C OFFICE

GROU ND FLOOR

CHILDR EN'S RE ADING

CIRCULATION

STORE

STORE

OFFICE

TE CHNICAL SECTION

STORE M ALE W/C

FEM ALE STORE W/C

LOAD LIFTER

R EFER ENCE SECTION

ADULT L IBRARY

FIRST FLOOR

W/C W/C W/C W/C CI RCUL ATION

LIBRARIAN OFFICE W/C

OFFI CE

W/C

W/C W/C

DER ECTOR'S OFFICE

SEC. TO DEPUTY STA FF DI RECTOR DIRECTOR OFFICE

AUDITOR'S GENERAL A CCOUNT ACC. OFFICE OFFICE DEPT. OFFICE

STO RE

V OID

SECOND FLOOR

STORE

CIR CULA TION

LOBBY DEPUTY DIRECTOR GEN. OFFICE BOARDROOM

W/C W/C

L EGAL DEPOSIT SER IAL UNIT LIBRA RI ANSHI P COLL ECTION

Fig 2.10.2 FLOOR PLANS

CANTEEN TIOLET FOR USER'S

TRANING PUBLICATION DIVISION

LIBRARY COMPLEX

G2 GATE HOUSE

CHILDREN'S PLAY AREA

G1 PARKING GATE HOUSE

MOSQUE

BIDA ROD

Fig 2.10.3 SITE PLAN

Plate 2.9.1 Adult reading area Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.9.2: Reference section Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.9.3 Children play area Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.9.4: Approach view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

MERITS:

It is centrally located Glare effect is properly taking care of. Adequate parking spaces Inadequate landscape material

DEMERITS:

No designed pedestrian walk way Poor drainage system No consideration for the disables, in the use of the library.

2.2.4. CASE STUDY 4

NAME:

Kwara state Library, ILORIN The State Library complex is located on a piece of land along Sulu Gambari road,

LOCATION:

directly opposite the Central Bank of Nigeria

TO PO ST O
I NG G I ST EX L DU N I BU I NG G I ST EX L DU N I BU

FF

IC E

N
A RO R IT ED MU A M M H MO A UG SU L D A RO
TA A S AR KW R A R Y L IB TE

AD

ARI MB

U AD AM Y WA

BE

LL O

A CH

LL E

NG

TO UNI TY

IB TA R A I W HI O M R O A

OFF ICE BUI LDING

EXISTING BUILDUNG AP FIL LING STATION

NIGE RIA AIRFORCE HQ

STALLA OBASANJ O MULTI PURPOSE CENTRE

EXISTI NG BUILDUNG

Fig. 2.11.1 LOCATION PLAN

HISTORY:

On the first of April 1968, Kwara state library commenced service to the public and

TO OSO OG BOM

after sometimes, it lacks a befitting infrastructure which is a set back to the library services. In

ILORIN

TO OFFA GARAGE

U O NI T F I VE H EA LO R S O C R IT SP H I N Y I T IN A G L

A Z ZI A AD L U RO BD T A T A

EMUSEMENT PA RK

November 1987, the then military Governor laid the foundation of a purposefully built library and was commissioned by the then military president of Nigeria, General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida on the 21th November 1990. By the administration of Governor Bukola Saraki, he promised a face-lift for the library; the exercise commenced on 23rd November 2005 and commissioned 10th of July 2006 by Chief Olusegun Obasanjo.

DESCRIPTION AND FACILITIES AVAILABLE:

The library is a four storey with a basement and can accommodate about 500 readers including children and adult. It has about 40,000 volumes in stock. Each floor is about 3m with white suspended ceiling for the last floor and vitrified floor tiles, cream and brown emulsion for the wall. Provision for fire fighting devices such as (sprinklers, fire extinguishers) is made available. Entering from the main entrance is the counter and directly after this, the courtyard that leads to the other functional spaces. To your left is the mobile library, resource centre, childrens library and to your right is the disable section as shown in plate 2.10.2, acquisition, humanities reading room. The two opposite ends facing the courtyard is the staircase that leads to the first and second floor.
SPACES PROVIDED

The library comprises of the administrative, technical service, and readers service, acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, reference, children and serials division, e- learning, bindery.
Fig 2.11.2 FLOOR PLANS

Fig 2.11.3 SITE PLAN

Plate 2.10.1: Approach view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.10.2: Disable section Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.10.3: Reading room Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.10.4: Side view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

MERITS:

Adequate use of sun shading devices Adequate parking spaces Drainage system is properly taking care of It sited in a conducive environment Well lighted and ventilated The building is aesthetically pleasing with welcoming entrance space Effort is made to integrate the outside environment with the internal environment through a

central court yard.

DEMERITS:

The site is not well landscape No escape route for user apart from the main entrance There are no provision for music and audio- visual section in the library design

2.2.5. CASE STUDY 5

NAME:

Lagos state Library, IKEJA The State Library is located at Old secretariat, Oba Akinjobi Street Ikeja.

LOCATION:

NIGERI A POL ICE HQ

LAG OS STA TE LIBR ARY LAGOS STA TE SECRET ARI AT

FIRE BRI GAD E

IY I STR EET REV D. OG UNB

GOL F COU RSE HIG H COU RT

LAG OS STA TE UNI VER SIT Y TEA CHI NG HOSPITA L EET KOD ESO H STR

WORK S RO

AD

NIG ERI A AIR WA Y S CLINIC

AIR WA Y S PLA Y GRU ND STR EET OBA AK INJ OBI ROA D OBA LAD EJ OBI NIT EL E POL ICE COL LEG

OAN DO PET ROL STA TION

LA ROA D LAD OK E AKI NTO

2.12.1 LOCATION PLAN

HISTORY:

The library board was established by an edict published in the official gazette no 64

volume 13th of October, 1980 and as at September 2003, the board has 11 libraries spread all over the state. The readers attendance patronage as at 2006 is approximately 224,009 and books consulted are about 165,902.

KE ROA J OEL OGU NAI

K MOBOLA J I BAN Y ANT HONY WA

DESCRIPTION AND FACILITIES AVAILABLE:

The library is a storey building with gable roof which is not purposely built for the function it serves. The structure can accommodate 110 patrons and has about 84 staff. At the children section, the building colour is pink emulsion and at the adult section, it is painted in cream emulsion and has asbestos ceilings; terrazzo floor finish, wooden doors and windows in louvre glass blade. The ground floor is divided into the children section and the canteen. Entering the first floor, by your right is the circulation desk and at the left, the adult library. Few steps ahead, leads to the administrative section, registry and several offices.
SPACES PROVIDED

Childrens reading area, legal deposit, librarian office, conveniences, adult library, store, computer room, directors office, boardroom, registry, account office, typing poll, administrative office, board chairmans office.
MALE TOIL ET

L EGAL DEPOSIT

L EGAL DEPOSIT

FEMALE TOILET

FEMALE TOILET

MALE TOILET L IBRARIAN'S OFFICE

CANTEEN CHI LDRE N'S READI NG AREA

GROUND FLOOR

COM PUTER ROOM

DIR ECTOR'S SEC. OFFICE

DIRECTOR'S OFFICE

PRO'S OFFICE

STORE

FEMALE TOILET

STORE

BOARD ROOM MALE TOILET

EDUCATION TAX FUND

REGISTRY

ACCOUNT OFFICE

GENERAL OFFICE

ADULT'S LIBRARY

TY PING POLL/ LIBRARIAN'S SEC. OFFICE

LIBRARIAN'S OFFICE

ADM IN. OFFICE

BOARD SEC. OFFICE

PROCESSING OFFICE

ASST. DIRECTOR'S OFFICE

BOARD CHAIRMAN'S OFFICE

FIRST FLOOR

Fig 2.12.2 FLOOR PLANS

GA TE HOUSE LOCA L GOVT. SERVICE CONNISSION

MAIN L IBRARY
L AGOS STA TE PHY SICAL PLANNING & DEV EL OPM ENT AUTHORITY

MOSQUE

OBA A KINJ OBI STREET

SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICE

OLD SECRETERIAT BUILDING

GATE HOUSE

LOGAS STA TE UNI VERSITY DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

GA TE HOUSE

SITE PL AN

Fig 2.12.3 SITE PLAN

Plate 2.11.1: Approach view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.11.2: Reading room Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.11.3: Boardroom Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

Plate 2.11.4: Rear view Source: Author, field survey, May, 2007

MERITS:

Adequate parking spaces Provision of adequate lighting and ventilation in readers section The site is not well landscape Conveniences facilities is not catered for in adult reading area upstairs Narrow passage for movement in lobbies No defined pedestrian walkway No space for future expansion Its not a purposely built library Disables are not catered for

DEMERITS:

2.3 GENERAL DEDUCTION

The use of lift to supplement stair case for vertical circulation for disabled should be catered for.

The use shading device counter glare effect is important. Skylight to throw in light for adequate lighting. Provisional space to cater for disable. The use of landscaping material for cooling and conducive environment is always needed. Provision of wide entrance in libraries is important.

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 STUDY AREA The study area is Ogbomoso in Oyo State of Nigeria. (Fig. 3.1)

Fig. 3.1

3.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF STUDY AREA Ogbomoso is an indigenous centre in Oyo State, Nigeria and has the characteristic features of a traditional Yoruba settlement. The town which derived its name from Ogbori Elemoso was founded in the mid-17th century by the Alongo society- a group of hunters who dwelled in the town in this order:-

Aale: a Nupe hunter who camped at a Okelerin (place where elephants dwell) Ohunsile: escaped from Ota and camped in Ijeru. Orisatolu: an Ibaraba hunter who camped at Paku about 1km east of the present town. Ogunlola: the last settler who pitched his hunting camp under a propitious tree at the edge of the sacred grove called Igbo-Igbole.

The town continued to grew, attracting many hunters and other people who seek refuge during the ethic wars amongst Yoruba towns and actually served as a military outpost. It derived its name from Ogbori Elemoso after Soun Ogunlola was convicted for murder and imprisoned in Oyo. During his detention, he volunteered to fight the invincible terrorist of Oyo called Elemoso and succeeded in beheading the enemy, thus earned the appellation Ogbori Elemoso one who beheaded the Elemoso. The town is also famed for the significant part it took during the Fulani jihad on the Yoruba race. Following the collapse of Old Oyo Empire and Ibadans victory in 1840 over the Fulani at Osogbo, the town shifted its allegiance from Oyo to Ibadan. Ogbomoso traditional rulers retained control over the refugee population which, though formed the new majority, was not given political power. Ever since, Ogbomoso has continued to grow at a rapid rate. By the end of the 19th century, a continuously built-up compact settlement was evolved from the hamlet covering an extensive area of land. 3.2 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Ogbomoso town, lies at approximately 8o 101 north of the equator and 4o 101 of the Greenwich meridian, located on the plateau of Yoruba land ( elevation 1200ft) in an area of savannah and forestland. In addition, its located 57km south of Ilorin, kwara state; 53km northwest by Oyo; 58km northeast of Osogbo and 107km north of Ibadan, Oyo state. It has a major route which links the northern and southern parts of the country. Ogbomoso is known to be the 2nd largest town in Oyo State with the approximate population of 5.2million according to the 2006 census. 3.3 PHYSICAL SETTINGS Ogbomoso is bordered on its south by Oyo which connects Lagos and Ibadan; on the east by Osogbo, Saki to the west; and Ilorin- Kwara State to the north. There are rivers and streams which get their source from river Osun. Occurrence of land erosion is very minimal because of the bearing capacity of the soil. 3.4 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Ogbomoso is inhabited by farmers, traders and artisans. Yams, cassava and corn are the major product they export to the cocoa producing areas of southern Yoruba land; tobacco is also cultivated for the tobacco factory in Ibadan. Locally grown cotton is used for weaving aso-oke (a

traditional Yoruba cloth). The town is also famed for wood crafting and its unique koso drums. Ogbomoso also serves as a staging point and market for cattle and presently has a livestock station 3.5 GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
3.5.1 CLIMATE AND WEATHER

Ogbomoso region forms part of western uplands with larger part of the plateau lying between 300mm and 400mm from the sea level. The average temperature is about 26.20oC and the lowest is about 24.30oC occurring during the month of July-while the highest occurs in March at about 28.7oC. The climate of the region is characterized by fairly uniform temperature, moderate heavy seasonal rainfall and relatively high humidity. The rainfall is about 1,274mm annually and humidity occurs between July and September at the highest and December to February experiencing the lowest. Rainy season is experienced between March and October and harmattan period between October and February.
3.5.2 VEGETATION

The town is situated in the translational zone between the rainforest of Ibadan and the northern savannah zone, thus the town is regarded as derived savannah vegetation. Though its also regarded as rainforest under prevailing climatic and soil condition but influenced by intense agricultural associated with bush burning, while the little high forest remains outside the forest reserves.
3.5.3 RELIEF AND DRAINAGE

The town lies within the western uplands (300m-400m above sea level). The towns relief is moderate with low forest hill but occasionally very steep sided ridges from the surrounding country. The highest part of the plateau forms one of the countrys main water shed which separates rivers draining northwest to river Niger, and then flowing to the east.
3.5.4. WIND

Ogbomoso is primarily affected by two major wind, these are the north-east trade wind which brings sharp cold, dry harmattan. The other is south- west monsoon winds, which brings rain, dampness and warm humid condition. The dry season is a consequence of the north-east trade wind which comes from the Sahara, it occurs between November to February. The South-West wind on the other hand is from the Atlantic Ocean and occurs between March and October. 3.6 GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE The geology in the western uplands where Ogbomoso is located is underlain by rocks of the basement complex, which forms a part of the Africa crystalline shield. The basement complex is composed of gneisses, schist, and quartz of the Precambrian age rocks from the older granite by extrusion and replacement. The rocks vary in grain size and mineral composition. The outcome is

Literate composition of the soil, the soil type is generally imperious to water and it hardens when exposed to the surface. 3.7 LAND USE Presently, Ogbomoso occupies a total area of about 3527 hectares. A large proportion of the town is dominated by residential usage, while a small proportion is devoted to commercial, industrial and other usage. 3.8 AVAILABLE SERVICES Ogbomoso is blessed with lots of facilities that have enhanced the growth of the town, some of which include: Good road network Electricity- supplied from the national grid Modern communication networks Postal agency Medical institutions Educational institutions Water supply
CA RE -T A KE R

3.9. SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The site is located in the town of Ogbomoso Oyo State. Fig 3.2 shows the site location along Otamokun Road Sunsun, opposite Ogbomoso South Local Government office and adjacent to the
TO R A ND A

police station. There is a major access road along one side of the site. Another is proposed on one of the perpendicular sides to make a corner plot of the site. The site is about an acre and half. It is
IN RO AD

GT BA NK
OY IL OOR

relatively flat with trees and shrubs growing on it.

O S GB L G OU O A TH M O
TY A NI AT MU A K OM L C I GH OO H H SC H LT E EA R H E NT C

TO
TA

IK

OY

SO

KI

A UP OS E A AR

E AR EA

A AT A K EA AR

-I L

IN

P SI R O T E PO

OK E L

E R IN

SE D

E OL OM S O W TE R AR AR QU

TO O J J A GU A N

OJ A -

IGBO

CE N LI IO PO A T ST

I ST OD A L T H DR ME THE CA
UN E G ET AY R E ST

SOU N

PA LA

CE

SUNSU N STRE AM

TO O

R IT A

NA IR

TO OWODE

Fig 3.2 SITE LOCATION

3.10 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA - Accessibility: - the site is accessible to the settlements, providing easy access to the users. - Topography: - the site is relatively flat. - Vegetation: - the site area is densely vegetated with trees and shrubs dominated over the site. - Available facilities: - the available facilities are good road network, schools, electricity, and the police station. - Site area: - there is enough space in the area where the site is, which makes available a large expanse of land to provide adequate parking, landscaping and future expansion. 3.11. SITE ANALYSIS In analyzing the site for this project, the explained data below are gathered.
NORTH DIRECTION: SUN EFFECT:

- looking from the site, the north is facing the direction of the access road.

- That the sun rises from the east and sets in the west has its own character and

effect on orientation of building and facilities. Sunrise - The sun rises in the east. - It has a low temperature - It has low solar intensity. - It brings glare. - Has high penetration. Sunset

- The sun sets in the west. - It has high temperature radiation. - Has low penetration - High solar intensity.
WIND DIRECTION:

- the main winds that have the outmost effect in the tropical region are the

trade winds. There are 2 types of trade winds with their effects. North-east trade wind: - It is dry and dusty. - Brings harmattan. - It is most prevalent between November and February. South-west trade wind: - Cool and humid. - It collects rain bearing. - Prevalent between March and October.
TOPOGRAPHY: VEGETATION: VIEWS: -

- the site topography is relatively flat.

- the site is densely vegetated, with tree and shrubs over it.

every side to the side has its own primitive view.

- North Side: - This view is the best and noisiest - West Side: - On this side, the primitive view is the buildings around. It has a good view - South Side: -this is the rear side of the site; dominated with vegetations which could be inspirational to users. East Side: - the primitive view is the buildings around and has a good view.

Fig. 3.3 Site Analysis.

SITE ANALY SIS

SUNSET

- THE SUN SET IN THE WEST - IT HAS A HIGH TEMPERATURE - IT HAS LOW FENESTRATION - HAS HIGH SOLAR INTENSITY

N
X
ROAD

E X IS T I NG

R OA

TRA FFIC
D

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

-IT DRY AND DUSTY -BRINGS HARMATTAN

NORTH EAST TRADEWIND

MID DAY SUN

PROPOSED

BUILDI NG

BUI LDING

-COOL AND HUM ID -IT COLLECT RAIN BEARING -PREVALENT BETWEEN MARCH AND OCTOBER TOPOGRAPHY

SOUTHWEST TRADEWIND

Y
SECTION X-X

-MAX . I NTENSITY -MAX . GLARE EFFECT -MAX . HEAT EFFECT

-POSSIBLE I NGRESS AND ENGRESS

VEGE TATION

VEGE TATION

X SUNRI SE
- THE SUN RISES IN THE EAST - IT HAS A LOW TEMPERATURE - IT HAS HIGH FENESTRATION - HAS LOW SOLAR INTENSITY

SECTI ON Y -Y

SITE ZONING AND TREATMENT

ACCESSIBILITY
EX I S T I NG

NOISE FROM ROAD NETWORK

R OA D

N
PROPOSED ROAD

EASILY ACCESSIBLE

LESS ACCESSIBLE

GLARE CONTROL
Fig. 3.3.1
EXI S T I NG

NOISE FROM ROAD NETWORK

R OA D

N
PROPOSED ROAD

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

Fig. 3.3.2

Fig. 3.3.3

NOISE
EX I S TI NG

NOISE FROM ROAD NETWORK

R OA D

N
PROPOSED ROAD

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

NOISY

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

LESS NOISY

Fig. 3.3.4

TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE

EX I S T I NG R OA D

NOISE FROM ROAD NETWORK

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

PROPOSED

ROAD

-POSSIBLE INGRESS AND ENGRESS

Site Treatment Provision of another access road at one of its perpendicular side. Maintaining some of the trees to keep away the noise from access road. See fig 3.3.3 Maintaining trees in the east to prevent glare effect. See fig 3.3.2

CHAPTER 4 4.0 BRIEF After years of research, the feasibility report gathered shows that there should be a way of improving the reading environment and securing the historic documents for users. Sequel to this, the Oyo State Government has taken queue to set up a Public Library that would provide maximum flexibility with facilities to accommodate modern technology in library service and consideration for the disable. 4.1 BRIEF STATEMENT The project is based on the design of a public library to accommodate at least 450 patrons (able and disable). As a consultant architect, a design which would address the short comings of resources centre is proposed. 4.2 BRIEF DEVELOPMENT To design and provide learning service for Ogbomoso and environs, the following facilities are needed. Adult Reading Room Children Reading Room Disable Section Electronic Learning Audio- Visual Unit Reference Section Serial Unit (periodicals and newspaper)

Cataloguing Section Bindery Section Acquisition Section Reception/Circulation Boardroom Tea Room Enquiries Staff Office Chairmans Office Librarians Office Multipurpose Hall Exhibition Furniture store General store Stack Room Projection Room Server Room Conveniences Document Copying

4.3 BRIEF ANALYSIS (A) The above brief developed is analyzed according to related functions Adult Lending Children Lending Disable reading area
READERS FACILITIES

E- Learning Audio- Visual Unit Reference Section Serial Unit (periodicals and newspaper) Cataloguing Section

TECHNICAL FACILITIES

`Bindery Section Acquisition Section

Reception/Circulation Boardroom
ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITIES

Enquiries Staff Office Chairmans Office Librarians Office

CIVIC FACILITIES

Multipurpose Hall Exhibition Furniture store

STORAGE FACILITIES

General store Stack Room

Projection Room Server Room Conveniences

STORAGE FACILITIES

Document Copying Parking Spaces Security Post Delivery Bay Maintenance Unit

(B) Analysis according to the space type

SPACE TYPE

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

Cataloguing section Binding section Acquisition section Boardroom

Adult reading area Children reading area Disable reading area Electronic learning

Staff office Librarian office Tea room General store Projection room Server room

Audio-visual unit Reference section Serial unit Reception Multi-purpose hall Exhibition room Stack room

4.4 SPATIAL ANALYSIS SPACES

SPACE AREA PER PERSON (M2) NO OF PEOPLE REQUIRED TOTAL AREA (M2)

Adult reading area Children reading area Reference area Electronic learning Audio-visual room Boardroom Librarian office Disable reading area Control counter Enquiry Serial unit/ periodicals Multi-purpose hall Exhibition Acquisition/bindery Cataloguing section Stack room

2.30 1.44 3.25 2.50 0.54 1.35 12.0 3.24 2.50 2.50 3.00 0.54 1.42 11.0 13.5 1.35

70 30 30 25 40 12 1 10 1 2 15 150 10 6 4 34

161.0 43.2 97.5 62.5 21.6 16.2 12.0 32.4 2.50 5.00 45.0 81.0 14.2 66.0 54.0 45.9

Braille room Staff office

2.30 12.0

6 4

13.8 48.0

CHAPTER 5 DESIGN CONCEPT FORMATION The proposed structure is based on the ICONIC CONCEPT, where there is an over riding Grid System and Balanced Informed by functionality which gives good visual perception in the form (on plan and elevation) of the building. The is the evidence in joining squares and rectangles at an angle of 450 . See Fig. 5.1

(A) Starting point

(B) Moving of squares and

rectangles together

(C) Final stage

BUBBLE DIAGRAM

OUT DOOR READING SPACE GATE HOUS E FUTURE EXPANSION MAIN BUILDING

PARKING SPACES

GATE HOUS E

PARKING SPACES

FLOW CHART
ADULT READING AREA ELECTRONIC LEARNING AUDIO-VISUAL UNIT

REFERENCE

BINDERY/ ACQUISITION

STAIR HALL

ADMINISTRATION

MULTI-PURPOSE HALL EXHIBITION

STACK ROOM

BRAILLE MATERIAL SECTION

CHILDREN READING AREA

CATALOG AND CONTROL

SERIAL UNIT

ENTRANCE

Reference: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library history) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library management Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_fires Birgitta Irrall and Gydaskat Nielson 2005 http://www.librisdesign.org/daylighting