Advanced Internet

Cognitive Radio Principles

Hyewon Lee M.S. Candidate Company LOGOWireless Networking Lab. Multimedia & Seoul National University

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Contents

1 2 3 4

Cognitive Radio Reference survey paper Cognitive Networks

Concluding Remark

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio
Motivation: Spectrum Scarcity
Spectrum utility

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio
Cognition (Noun):
Cognition is the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. - Collins Cobuild Dictionary

Cognitive Radio
Cognitive Radio is an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its surrounding environment and uses the methodology of understanding-by-building to learn from the environment and adapt its internal states to statistical variations in the incoming RF stimuli by making corresponding changes in certain operating parameters in real-time. - S. Haykin, Cognitive Radio, JSAC 2005

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio
Cognitive Radio
Cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either a network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users. This alteration of parameters is based on the active monitoring of several factors in the external and internal radio environment, such as radio frequency spectrum, user behavior and network state.

- Wikipedia, Cognitive Radio

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Spectrum access policy

Fixed Spectrum

Spectrum Trading

Open Spectrum

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Terminology
Capability of cognitive radio
Full cognitive radio Every possible parameter observable is taken into account Spectrum sensing cognitive radio Only radio frequency band is taken into account

Licenses of spectrum band

Licensed band cognitive radio Primary network (user) Secondary network (user) Unlicensed band cognitive radio

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio
Basic cognitive cycle
Estimation of interference temperature of the radio environment Detection of spectrum holes

Estimation of channel-state information Prediction of channel capacity for use by the transmitter

Ref.: S. Haykin, Cognitive Radio, JSAC 2005

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio
Main functions
Spectrum sensing Detecting unused spectrum Spectrum management Capturing the best available spectrum Spectrum mobility Maintaining seamless communication during the spectrum transition Spectrum sharing Providing fair spectrum scheduling method

Ref.: Ian F. Akyildiz, et al., NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey, ComNet 2006

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio Main functions

Spectrum sensing
Detecting unused spectrum Non-cooperative detection Energy detection Matched filter detection Cyclostationary feature detection Cooperative detection Cooperation with
Primary network Secondary users

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Interference Temperature
Transmission power control
Transmitter-centric Receiver-centric

Interference temperature
Real-time interaction between transmitter and receiver in adaptive manner

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Interference Temperature
Limitations of interference temperature model
Level of interference temperature limit Transmission power of secondary users Number of secondary users Coordination with primary network Interference level of primary users Location information of primary users FCC has not shown any progress since 2005

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio Main functions

Spectrum management
Capturing the best available spectrum Spectrum analysis Interference/Path loss Link errors/delay Channel holding time Spectrum decision Decision model Multi-band decision

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio Main functions

Spectrum mobility
Maintaining seamless communication during the spectrum transition Spectrum handoff

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio Main functions

Spectrum sharing
Spectrum sensing spectrum allocation spectrum access transmitter-receiver handshaking Spectrum sharing architecture Centralized vs. Distributed Spectrum allocation behavior Cooperative vs. Non-cooperative Spectrum access technique Overlay vs. Underlay Rendezvous problem Common control channel spectrum mobility

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

SDR
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
A technology that enables reconfigurable system for wireless networks. SDR builds up multimode, multiband wireless device.

SDR and Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radio is the intelligence that sits above the SDR and lets a SDR determine which mode of operation and parameters to use.
- Ryan W. Thomas, Cognitive Networks, DySPAN 2005

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Networks
Cognitive Networks (DySpan 2005, MobiCom 2007)
A network with a cognitive process that Perceive current network conditions Plan, decide, and act on such conditions Learn and adapt for future decisions Takes into account end-to-end goals Comparison between Cognitive Networks and Cognitive Radios End-to-end vs. point-to-point

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Networks
Cognitive Network Framework
End-to-end End-to-end End-to-end Goal Goal Goal Cognitive Specification Language
Requirements Layer

Cognitive Cognitive Element Cognitive Element Element Software Adaptable Network API Network Status Sensors
Configurable Configurable Elements Elements

Cognitive Process

Software Adaptable Network

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Networks
Cognitive Specification Language
Translates end-to-end goal into local goals of cognitive elements

Cognitive Elements
Run algorithms that reason, learn, and plan Actuate configurable elements

Degree of Control
Full control vs. partial control Complexity

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

Concluding Remark
Challenges
Spectrum policy Spectrum sensing Spectrum sharing

Questions
Cognitive radio vs. AI Portion of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio

Topics in Future Internet Cognitive Radio

References
Ian F. Akyildiz, et al., NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey, ComNet 2006 S. Haykin, Cognitive Radio, JSAC 2005 Online link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_radio Ryan W. Thomas, Cognitive Networks, DySPAN 2005 Ryan W. Thomas, et al., Tutorial: Cognitive Networks, MobiCom 2007

Company LOGO